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fourth</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fourth"> <meta name="keywords" content="fourth"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fourth"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 650</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fourth</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">650</span> Optimization of Fourth Order Discrete-Approximation Inclusions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elimhan%20N.%20Mahmudov">Elimhan N. Mahmudov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper concerns the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for Cauchy problem of fourth order discrete (PD) and discrete-approximate (PDA) inclusions. The main problem is formulation of the fourth order adjoint discrete and discrete-approximate inclusions and transversality conditions, which are peculiar to problems including fourth order derivatives and approximate derivatives. Thus the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality are obtained incorporating the Euler-Lagrange and Hamiltonian forms of inclusions. Derivation of optimality conditions are based on the apparatus of locally adjoint mapping (LAM). Moreover in the application of these results we consider the fourth order linear discrete and discrete-approximate inclusions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference" title="difference">difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth" title=" fourth"> fourth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximation" title=" approximation"> approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transversality" title=" transversality"> transversality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25199/optimization-of-fourth-order-discrete-approximation-inclusions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">649</span> Under the ‘Fourth World’: A Discussion to the Transformation of Character-Settings in Chinese Ethnic Minority Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sicheng%20Liu">Sicheng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the key issue of the current fourth world studies, the article aims to analyze the features of character-settings in Chinese ethnic minority films. As a generalizable transformation, this feature progresses from a microcosmic representation. It argues that, as the mediation, films note down the current state of people and their surroundings, while the ‘fourth world’ theorization (or the fourth cinema) provides a new perspective to ethnic minority topics in China. Like the ‘fourth cinema’ focusing on the depiction of indigeneity groups, the ethnic minority films portrait the non-Han nationalities in China. Both types possess the motif of returning history-writing to the minority members’ own hand. In this article, the discussion entirely involves three types of cinematic role-settings in Chinese minority themed films, which illustrates that, similar to the creative principle of the fourth film, the themes and narratives of these films are becoming more individualized, with more concern to minority grassroots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%27fourth%20world%27" title="'fourth world'">'fourth world'</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20ethnic%20minority%20films" title=" Chinese ethnic minority films"> Chinese ethnic minority films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity%20and%20culture%20reflection" title=" ethnicity and culture reflection"> ethnicity and culture reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%27mother%20tongue%27%20%28muyu%29" title=" 'mother tongue' (muyu)"> 'mother tongue' (muyu)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highlighting%20to%20individual%20spiritual" title=" highlighting to individual spiritual "> highlighting to individual spiritual </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110904/under-the-fourth-world-a-discussion-to-the-transformation-of-character-settings-in-chinese-ethnic-minority-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">648</span> Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Food Security in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiyinfoluwa%20Giwa">Fiyinfoluwa Giwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Ngepah"> Nicholas Ngepah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the relationship between the Fourth Industrial Revolution and food security in South Africa. The Ordinary Least Square was adopted from 2012 Q1 to 2021 Q4. The study used artificial intelligence investment and the food production index as the measure for the fourth industrial revolution and food security, respectively. Findings reveal a significant and positive coefficient of 0.2887, signifying a robust statistical relationship between AI adoption and the food production index. As a policy recommendation, this paper recommends the introduction of incentives for farmers and agricultural enterprises to adopt AI technologies -and the expansion of digital connectivity and access to technology in rural areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fourth%20Industrial%20Revolution" title="Fourth Industrial Revolution">Fourth Industrial Revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence%20investment" title=" artificial intelligence investment"> artificial intelligence investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20production%20index" title=" food production index"> food production index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20least%20square" title=" ordinary least square"> ordinary least square</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171855/impact-of-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-on-food-security-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">647</span> An Optimal and Efficient Family of Fourth-Order Methods for Nonlinear Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parshanth%20Maroju">Parshanth Maroju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramandeep%20Behl"> Ramandeep Behl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandile%20S.%20Motsa"> Sandile S. Motsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we proposed a simple and interesting family of fourth-order multi-point methods without memory for obtaining simple roots. This family requires only three functional evaluations (viz. two of functions f(xn), f(yn) and third one of its first-order derivative f'(xn)) per iteration. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of new schemes is tested by a number of numerical examples are also proposed to illustrate their accuracy by comparing them with the new existing optimal fourth-order methods available in the literature. It is found that they are very useful in high precision computations. Further, the dynamic study of these methods also supports the theoretical aspect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basins%20of%20attraction" title="basins of attraction">basins of attraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20equations" title=" nonlinear equations"> nonlinear equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20roots" title=" simple roots"> simple roots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newton%27s%20method" title=" Newton's method"> Newton's method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57597/an-optimal-and-efficient-family-of-fourth-order-methods-for-nonlinear-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">646</span> Study on a Family of Optimal Fourth-Order Multiple-Root Solver</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hee%20Geum">Young Hee Geum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper,we develop the complex dynamics of a family of optimal fourth-order multiple-root solvers and plot their basins of attraction. Mobius conjugacy maps and extraneous fixed points applied to a prototype quadratic polynomial raised to the power of the known integer multiplicity m are investigated. A 300 x 300 uniform grid centered at the origin covering 3 x 3 square region is chosen to visualize the initial values on each basin of attraction in accordance with a coloring scheme based on their dynamical behavior. The illustrative basins of attractions applied to various test polynomials and the corresponding statistical data for convergence are shown to confirm the theoretical convergence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin%20of%20attraction" title="basin of attraction">basin of attraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugacy" title=" conjugacy"> conjugacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth-order" title=" fourth-order"> fourth-order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-root%20finder" title=" multiple-root finder"> multiple-root finder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74099/study-on-a-family-of-optimal-fourth-order-multiple-root-solver" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">645</span> New Fourth Order Explicit Group Method in the Solution of the Helmholtz Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhashidah%20Hj%20Mohd%20Ali">Norhashidah Hj Mohd Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teng%20Wai%20Ping"> Teng Wai Ping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the formulation of a new group explicit method with a fourth order accuracy is described in solving the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. The formulation is based on the nine-point fourth-order compact finite difference approximation formula. The complexity analysis of the developed scheme is also presented. Several numerical experiments were conducted to test the feasibility of the developed scheme. Comparisons with other existing schemes will be reported and discussed. Preliminary results indicate that this method is a viable alternative high accuracy solver to the Helmholtz equation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicit%20group%20method" title="explicit group method">explicit group method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference" title=" finite difference"> finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helmholtz%20equation" title=" Helmholtz equation"> Helmholtz equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-point%20formula" title=" five-point formula"> five-point formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nine-point%20formula" title=" nine-point formula"> nine-point formula</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17278/new-fourth-order-explicit-group-method-in-the-solution-of-the-helmholtz-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">644</span> Quintic Spline Solution of Fourth-Order Parabolic Equations Arising in Beam Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Mohammadi">Reza Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdieh%20Sahebi"> Mahdieh Sahebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We develop a method based on polynomial quintic spline for numerical solution of fourth-order non-homogeneous parabolic partial differential equation with variable coefficient. By using polynomial quintic spline in off-step points in space and finite difference in time directions, we obtained two three level implicit methods. Stability analysis of the presented method has been carried out. We solve four test problems numerically to validate the derived method. Numerical comparison with other methods shows the superiority of presented scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth-order%20parabolic%20equation" title="fourth-order parabolic equation">fourth-order parabolic equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20coefficient" title=" variable coefficient"> variable coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial%20quintic%20spline" title=" polynomial quintic spline"> polynomial quintic spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-step%20points" title=" off-step points"> off-step points</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51758/quintic-spline-solution-of-fourth-order-parabolic-equations-arising-in-beam-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">643</span> Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Analysis of Natural Ventilation in Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20J.%20Wong">A. W. J. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20H.%20Ibrahim"> I. H. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing urbanisation has driven building designers to incorporate natural ventilation in the designs of sustainable buildings. This project utilises Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the natural ventilation of an academic building, SIT@SP, using an assessment criterion based on daily mean temperature and mean velocity. The areas of interest are the pedestrian level of first and fourth levels of the building. A reference case recommended by the Architectural Institute of Japan was used to validate the simulation model. The validated simulation model was then used for coupled simulations on SIT@SP and neighbouring geometries, under two wind speeds. Both steady and transient simulations were used to identify differences in results. Steady and transient results are agreeable with the transient simulation identifying peak velocities during flow development. Under a lower wind speed, the first level was sufficiently ventilated while the fourth level was not. The first level has excessive wind velocities in the higher wind speed and the fourth level was adequately ventilated. Fourth level flow velocity was consistently lower than those of the first level. This is attributed to either simulation model error or poor building design. SIT@SP is concluded to have a sufficiently ventilated first level and insufficiently ventilated fourth level. Future works for this project extend to modifying the urban geometry, simulation model improvements, evaluation using other assessment metrics and extending the area of interest to the entire building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings" title="buildings">buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20Simulations" title=" CFD Simulations"> CFD Simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20airflow" title=" urban airflow"> urban airflow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52173/utilizing-computational-fluid-dynamics-in-the-analysis-of-natural-ventilation-in-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">642</span> Quintic Spline Method for Variable Coefficient Fourth-Order Parabolic Partial Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Mohammadi">Reza Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdieh%20Sahebi"> Mahdieh Sahebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We develop a method based on polynomial quintic spline for numerical solution of fourth-order non-homogeneous parabolic partial differential equation with variable coefficient. By using polynomial quintic spline in off-step points in space and finite difference in time directions, we obtained two three level implicit methods. Stability analysis of the presented method has been carried out. We solve four test problems numerically to validate the proposed derived method. Numerical comparison with other existence methods shows the superiority of our presented scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth-order%20parabolic%20equation" title="fourth-order parabolic equation">fourth-order parabolic equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20coefficient" title=" variable coefficient"> variable coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial%20quintic%20spline" title=" polynomial quintic spline"> polynomial quintic spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-step%20points" title=" off-step points"> off-step points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title=" stability analysis"> stability analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47781/quintic-spline-method-for-variable-coefficient-fourth-order-parabolic-partial-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">641</span> Noncritical Phase-Matched Fourth Harmonic Generation of Converging Beam by Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangxu%20Chai">Xiangxu Chai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Feng"> Bin Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Li"> Ping Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deyan%20Zhu"> Deyan Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liquan%20Wang"> Liquan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanzhong%20Wang"> Guanzhong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yukun%20Jing"> Yukun Jing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In high power large-aperture laser systems, such as the inertial confinement fusion project, the Nd: glass laser (1053nm) is usually needed to be converted to ultraviolet (UV) light and the fourth harmonic generation (FHG) is one of the most favorite candidates to achieve UV light. Deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystal is an optimal choice for converting the Nd: glass radiation to the fourth harmonic laser by noncritical phase matching (NCPM). To reduce the damage probability of focusing lens, the DKDP crystal is suggested to be set before the focusing lens. And a converging beam enters the FHG crystal consequently. In this paper, we simulate the process of FHG in the scheme and the dependence of FHG efficiency on the lens’ F is derived. Besides, DKDP crystal with gradient deuterium is proposed to realize the NCPM FHG of the converging beam. At every position, the phase matching is achieved by adjusting the deuterium level, and the FHG efficiency increases as a result. The relation of the lens’ F with the deuterium gradient is investigated as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20harmonic%20generation" title="fourth harmonic generation">fourth harmonic generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20induced%20damage" title=" laser induced damage"> laser induced damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=converging%20beam" title=" converging beam"> converging beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DKDP%20crystal" title=" DKDP crystal"> DKDP crystal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103692/noncritical-phase-matched-fourth-harmonic-generation-of-converging-beam-by-deuterated-potassium-dihydrogen-phosphate-crystal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">640</span> Democracy Leadership and Good Governance in Nigerias Fourth Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salisu%20Adamu%20Abdullahi">Salisu Adamu Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Abdullahi%20Manu"> Yusuf Abdullahi Manu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nigeria returned to a democratically elected government on May 29, 1999. This signaled the beginning of the journey into the Fourth Republic. The return has received popular endorsement by the electorates as the level of enthusiasm was high due to the yearnings and expectations by the electorate that democracy will bring about the much-desired change required by the general mass. As democracy would allow for popular participation through periodic elections and so on. The paper examines democracy, leadership, and challenges of good governance in Nigerias Fourth Republic. It utilizes secondary source of data and content analysis as a methodology. It argues that Nigerias practice of democracy over the years is marred by flagrant abuse of the principles of good governance by the ruling elite. This has posed threats to the survival of democracy due to non-adherence to one of the cardinal principles of democracy which is good governance. The paper recommends among others that the anti-corruption law is amended in such a way that death penalties be issued to those found wanting by the law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title="democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20consolidation" title=" democratic consolidation"> democratic consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20governance" title=" good governance"> good governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51815/democracy-leadership-and-good-governance-in-nigerias-fourth-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">639</span> On the Fourth-Order Hybrid Beta Polynomial Kernels in Kernel Density Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benson%20Ade%20Eniola%20Afere">Benson Ade Eniola Afere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a family of fourth-order hybrid beta polynomial kernels developed for statistical analysis. The assessment of these kernels' performance centers on two critical metrics: asymptotic mean integrated squared error (AMISE) and kernel efficiency. Through the utilization of both simulated and real-world datasets, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted, facilitating a thorough comparison with conventional fourth-order polynomial kernels. The evaluation procedure encompassed the computation of AMISE and efficiency values for both the proposed hybrid kernels and the established classical kernels. The consistently observed trend was the superior performance of the hybrid kernels when compared to their classical counterparts. This trend persisted across diverse datasets, underscoring the resilience and efficacy of the hybrid approach. By leveraging these performance metrics and conducting evaluations on both simulated and real-world data, this study furnishes compelling evidence in favour of the superiority of the proposed hybrid beta polynomial kernels. The discernible enhancement in performance, as indicated by lower AMISE values and higher efficiency scores, strongly suggests that the proposed kernels offer heightened suitability for statistical analysis tasks when compared to traditional kernels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMISE" title="AMISE">AMISE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth-order%20Kernels" title=" fourth-order Kernels"> fourth-order Kernels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20Kernels" title=" hybrid Kernels"> hybrid Kernels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel%20density%20estimation" title=" Kernel density estimation"> Kernel density estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171464/on-the-fourth-order-hybrid-beta-polynomial-kernels-in-kernel-density-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">638</span> Wavelet Method for Numerical Solution of Fourth Order Wave Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Choudhury">A. H. Choudhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a highly accurate numerical method for the solution of one-dimensional fourth-order wave equation is derived. This hyperbolic problem is solved by using semidiscrete approximations. The space direction is discretized by wavelet-Galerkin method, and the time variable is discretized by using Newmark schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperbolic%20problem" title="hyperbolic problem">hyperbolic problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semidiscrete%20approximations" title=" semidiscrete approximations"> semidiscrete approximations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wavelet-Galerkin%20Method" title=" Wavelet-Galerkin Method"> Wavelet-Galerkin Method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76873/wavelet-method-for-numerical-solution-of-fourth-order-wave-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">637</span> Numerical Simulation of Different Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Scenarios on a Volatile Oil Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheil%20Tavakolpour">Soheil Tavakolpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) can be considered as an undeniable action in reservoirs life period. Different kind of EOR methods are available, but suitable EOR method depends on reservoir properties, like rock and fluid properties. In this paper, we nominated fifth SPE’s Comparative Solution Projects (CSP) for testing different scenarios. We used seven EOR scenarios for this reservoir and we simulated it for 10 years after 2 years production without any injection. The first scenario is waterflooding for whole of the 10 years period. The second scenario is gas injection for ten years. The third scenario is Water-Alternation-Gas (WAG). In the next scenario, water injected for 4 years before starting WAG injection for the next 6 years. In the fifth scenario, water injected after 6 years WAG injection for 4 years. For sixth and last scenarios, all the things are similar to fourth and fifth scenarios, but gas injected instead of water. Results show that fourth scenario was the most efficient method for 10 years EOR, but it resulted very high water production. Fifth scenario was efficient too, with little water production in comparison to the fourth scenario. Gas injection was not economically attractive. In addition to high gas production, it produced less oil in comparison to other scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WAG" title="WAG">WAG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPE%E2%80%99s%20comparative%20solution%20projects" title=" SPE’s comparative solution projects"> SPE’s comparative solution projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EOR%20scenarios" title=" EOR scenarios "> EOR scenarios </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18561/numerical-simulation-of-different-enhanced-oil-recovery-eor-scenarios-on-a-volatile-oil-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">636</span> A Hybrid Block Multistep Method for Direct Numerical Integration of Fourth Order Initial Value Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20S.%20Salawu">Adamu S. Salawu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20O.%20Isah"> Ibrahim O. Isah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Direct solution to several forms of fourth-order ordinary differential equations is not easily obtained without first reducing them to a system of first-order equations. Thus, numerical methods are being developed with the underlying techniques in the literature, which seeks to approximate some classes of fourth-order initial value problems with admissible error bounds. Multistep methods present a great advantage of the ease of implementation but with a setback of several functions evaluation for every stage of implementation. However, hybrid methods conventionally show a slightly higher order of truncation for any k-step linear multistep method, with the possibility of obtaining solutions at off mesh points within the interval of solution. In the light of the foregoing, we propose the continuous form of a hybrid multistep method with Chebyshev polynomial as a basis function for the numerical integration of fourth-order initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. The basis function is interpolated and collocated at some points on the interval [0, 2] to yield a system of equations, which is solved to obtain the unknowns of the approximating polynomial. The continuous form obtained, its first and second derivatives are evaluated at carefully chosen points to obtain the proposed block method needed to directly approximate fourth-order initial value problems. The method is analyzed for convergence. Implementation of the method is done by conducting numerical experiments on some test problems. The outcome of the implementation of the method suggests that the method performs well on problems with oscillatory or trigonometric terms since the approximations at several points on the solution domain did not deviate too far from the theoretical solutions. The method also shows better performance compared with an existing hybrid method when implemented on a larger interval of solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chebyshev%20polynomial" title="Chebyshev polynomial">Chebyshev polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collocation" title=" collocation"> collocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20multistep%20method" title=" hybrid multistep method"> hybrid multistep method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20value%20problems" title=" initial value problems"> initial value problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation" title=" interpolation"> interpolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113723/a-hybrid-block-multistep-method-for-direct-numerical-integration-of-fourth-order-initial-value-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">635</span> New High Order Group Iterative Schemes in the Solution of Poisson Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sam%20Teek%20Ling">Sam Teek Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhashidah%20Hj.%20Mohd.%20Ali"> Norhashidah Hj. Mohd. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the formulation and implementation of new explicit group iterative methods in solving the two-dimensional Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The methods are derived from a fourth order compact nine point finite difference discretization. The methods are compared with the existing second order standard five point formula to show the dramatic improvement in computed accuracy. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicit%20group%20iterative%20method" title="explicit group iterative method">explicit group iterative method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference" title=" finite difference"> finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20order%20compact" title=" fourth order compact"> fourth order compact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poisson%20equation" title=" Poisson equation"> Poisson equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1329/new-high-order-group-iterative-schemes-in-the-solution-of-poisson-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">634</span> Effects of Fourth Alloying Additive on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sn-Ag-Cu Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Buyuk">Ugur Buyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevda%20Engin"> Sevda Engin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the various alloy systems being considered as lead-free solder candidates, Sn-Ag-Cu alloys have been recognized as the most promising because of their excellent reliability and compatibility with current components. Thus, Sn-Ag-Cu alloys have recently attracted considerable attention and have been proposed by the Japanese, the EU and the US consortiums to replace conventional Sn-Pb eutectic solder. However, many problems or unknown characteristics of the Sn-Ag-Cu alloy system such as the best composition, the large undercooling in solidification, and the formation of large intermetallics still exist. It is expected that the addition of some solidification nuclei for Sn-Ag-Cu alloys will refine the solidification microstructure and will suppress undercooling.In the present work, the effects of the fourth elements, i.e., Zn, Ni, Bi, In and Co, on microstructural and mechanical properties of Sn-3.5Ag-0.9Cu lead-free solder were investigated. Sn-3.5Ag-0.9Cu-0.5X (X= Zn, Ni, Bi, In, Co (wt.)) alloys were prepared in a graphite crucible under vacuum atmosphere. The samples were directionally solidified upward at a constant temperature gradient and growth rates by using a Bridgman type directional solidification furnace. The microstructure, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of alloys were measured. The effects of fourth elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn–Ag-Cu eutectic alloys were investigated. The results obtained in the present work were compared with the previous experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead-free%20solders" title="lead-free solders">lead-free solders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microhardness" title=" microhardness"> microhardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27064/effects-of-fourth-alloying-additive-on-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-sn-ag-cu-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">633</span> Gravity Due to the Expansion of Matter and Distortion of Hyperspace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Ali">Arif Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Raj%20Sapkota"> Divya Raj Sapkota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we explain gravitational attraction as the consequence of the dynamics of four-dimensional bodies and the consequent distortion of space. This approach provides an alternative direction to understand various physical phenomena based on the existence of the fourth spatial dimension. For this interpretation, we formulate the acceleration due to gravity and orbital velocity based on the accelerating expansion of three-dimensional symmetric bodies. It is also shown how distortion in space caused by the dynamics of four-dimensional bodies counterbalances the effect of expansion. We find that the motion of four-dimensional bodies through four-dimensional space leads to gravitational attraction, and the expansion of bodies leads to surface gravity. Thus, dynamics in the fourth spatial dimension provide an alternative explanation to gravity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions" title="dimensions">dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four" title=" four"> four</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluceleration" title=" voluceleration"> voluceleration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159147/gravity-due-to-the-expansion-of-matter-and-distortion-of-hyperspace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">632</span> Implicit Off-Grid Block Method for Solving Fourth and Fifth Order Ordinary Differential Equations Directly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusola%20Ezekiel%20Abolarin">Olusola Ezekiel Abolarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gift%20E.%20Noah"> Gift E. Noah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work considered an innovative procedure to numerically approximate higher-order Initial value problems (IVP) of ordinary differential equations (ODE) using the Legendre polynomial as the basis function. The proposed method is a half-step, self-starting Block integrator employed to approximate fourth and fifth order IVPs without reduction to lower order. The method was developed through a collocation and interpolation approach. The basic properties of the method, such as convergence, consistency and stability, were well investigated. Several test problems were considered, and the results compared favorably with both exact solutions and other existing methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20value%20problem" title="initial value problem">initial value problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20differential%20equation" title=" ordinary differential equation"> ordinary differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implicit%20off-grid%20block%20method" title=" implicit off-grid block method"> implicit off-grid block method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collocation" title=" collocation"> collocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation" title=" interpolation"> interpolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171485/implicit-off-grid-block-method-for-solving-fourth-and-fifth-order-ordinary-differential-equations-directly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">631</span> The Digitalization of Occupational Health and Safety Training: A Fourth Industrial Revolution Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deonie%20Botha">Deonie Botha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital transformation and the digitization of occupational health and safety training have grown exponentially due to a variety of contributing factors. The literature suggests that digitalization has numerous benefits but also has associated challenges. The aim of the paper is to develop an understanding of both the perceived benefits and challenges of digitalization in an occupational health and safety context in an effort to design and develop e-learning interventions that will optimize the benefits of digitalization and address the associated challenges. The paper proposes, deliberate and tests the design principles of an e-learning intervention to ensure alignment with the requirements of a digitally transformed environment. The results of the research are based on a literature review regarding the requirements and effect of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on learning and e-learning in particular. The findings of the literature review are enhanced with empirical research in the form of a case study conducted in an organization that designs and develops e-learning content in the occupational health and safety industry. The primary findings of the research indicated that: (i) The requirements of learners and organizations in respect of e-learning are different than previously (i.e., a pre-Fourth Industrial Revolution related work setting). (ii) The design principles of an e-learning intervention need to be aligned with the entire value chain of the organization. (iii) Digital twins support and enhance the design and development of e-learning. (iv)Learning should incorporate a multitude of sensory experiences and should not only be based on visual stimulation. (v) Data that are generated as a result of e-learning interventions should be incorporated into big data streams to be analyzed and to become actionable. It is therefore concluded that there is general consensus on the requirements that e-learning interventions need to adhere to in a digitally transformed occupational health and safety work environment. The challenge remains for organizations to incorporate data generated as a result of e-learning interventions into the digital ecosystem of the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalization" title="digitalization">digitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20industrial%20revolution" title=" fourth industrial revolution"> fourth industrial revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143698/the-digitalization-of-occupational-health-and-safety-training-a-fourth-industrial-revolution-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">630</span> Compact Finite Difference Schemes for Fourth Order Parabolic Partial Differential Equations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sufyan%20Muhammad">Sufyan Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, in achieving highly efficient but at the same time highly accurate solutions has become the major target of numerical analyst community. The concept is termed as compact schemes and has gained great popularity and consequently, we construct compact schemes for fourth order parabolic differential equations used to study vibrations in structures. For the superiority of newly constructed schemes, we consider range of examples. We have achieved followings i.e. (a) numerical scheme utilizes minimum number of stencil points (which means new scheme is compact); (b) numerical scheme is highly accurate (which means new scheme is reliable) and (c) numerical scheme is highly efficient (which means new scheme is fast). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20finite%20differences" title="central finite differences">central finite differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20schemes" title=" compact schemes"> compact schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernoulli%27s%20equations" title=" Bernoulli's equations"> Bernoulli's equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20differences" title=" finite differences"> finite differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55343/compact-finite-difference-schemes-for-fourth-order-parabolic-partial-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">629</span> Experiences on the Application of WIKI Based Coursework in a Fourth-Year Engineering Module</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Hassell">D. Hassell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20De%20Focatiis"> D. De Focatiis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents work on the application of wiki based coursework for a fourth-year engineering module delivered as part of both a MEng and MSc programme in Chemical Engineering. The module was taught with an equivalent structure simultaneously on two separate campuses, one in the United Kingdom (UK) and one in Malaysia, and the subsequent results were compared. Student feedback was sought via questionnaires, with 45 respondents from the UK and 49 from Malaysia. Results include discussion on; perceived difficulty; student enjoyment and experiences; differences between MEng and MSc students; differences between cohorts on different campuses. The response of students to the use of wiki-based coursework was found to vary based on their experiences and background, with UK students being generally more positive on its application than those in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title="engineering education">engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20differences" title=" student differences"> student differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20learning" title=" student learning"> student learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20based%20coursework" title=" web based coursework"> web based coursework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54160/experiences-on-the-application-of-wiki-based-coursework-in-a-fourth-year-engineering-module" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">628</span> Indian Business-Papers in Industrial Revolution 4.0: A Paradigm Shift</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Disha%20Batra">Disha Batra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Industrial Revolution 4.0 is quite different, and a paradigm shift is underway in the media industry. With the advent of automated journalism and social media platforms, newspaper organizations have changed the way news was gathered and reported. The emergence of the fourth industrial revolution in the early 21st century has made the newspapers to adapt the changing technologies to remain relevant. This paper investigates the content of Indian business-papers in the era of the fourth industrial revolution and how these organizations have emerged in the time of convergence. The study is the content analyses of the top three Indian business dailies as per IRS (Indian Readership Survey) 2017 over a decade. The parametric analysis of the different parameters (source of information, use of illustrations, advertisements, layout, and framing, etc.) have been done in order to come across with the distinct adaptations and modifications by these dailies. The paper significantly dwells upon the thematic analysis of these newspapers in order to explore and find out the coverage given to various sub-themes of EBF (economic, business, and financial) journalism. Further, this study reveals the effect of high-speed algorithm-based trading, the aftermath of the fourth industrial revolution on the creative and investigative aspect of delivering financial stories by these respective newspapers. The study indicates a change heading towards an ongoing paradigm shift in the business newspaper industry with an adequate change in the source of information gathering along with the subtle increase in the coverage of financial news stories over the time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business-papers" title="business-papers">business-papers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20news" title=" business news"> business news</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20news" title=" financial news"> financial news</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20revolution%204.0." title=" industrial revolution 4.0."> industrial revolution 4.0.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112299/indian-business-papers-in-industrial-revolution-40-a-paradigm-shift" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">627</span> 3G or 4G: A Predilection for Millennial Generation of Indian Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishi%20Prajapati">Rishi Prajapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3G is the abbreviation of third generation of wireless mobile telecommunication technologies. 3G is a mode that finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile internet access, fixed wireless internet access, video calls and mobile TV. It also provides mobile broadband access to smartphones and mobile modems in laptops and computers. The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998, followed by 4G networks in 2008. 4G is the abbreviation of fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunication technologies. 4G is termed to be the advanced form of 3G. 4G was firstly introduced in South Korea in 2007. Many abstracts have floated researches that depicted the diversity and similarity between the third and the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, whereas this abstract reflects the study that focuses on analyzing the preference between 3G versus 4G given by the elite group of the Indian society who are known as adolescents or the Millennial Generation aging from 18 years to 25 years. The Millennial Generation was chosen for this study as they have the easiest access to the latest technology. A sample size of 200 adolescents was selected and a structured survey was carried out which had several closed ended as well as open ended questions, to aggregate the result of this study. It was made sure that the effect of environmental factors on the subjects was as minimal as possible. The data analysis comprised of primary data collection reflecting it as quantitative research. The rationale behind this research is to give brief idea of how 3G and 4G are accepted by the Millennial Generation in India. The findings of this research would materialize a framework which depicts whether Millennial Generation would prefer 4G over 3G or vice versa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20generation" title="fourth generation">fourth generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20telecommunication%20technology" title=" wireless telecommunication technology"> wireless telecommunication technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20society" title=" Indian society"> Indian society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millennial%20generation" title=" millennial generation"> millennial generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20research" title=" market research"> market research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20generation" title=" third generation"> third generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56902/3g-or-4g-a-predilection-for-millennial-generation-of-indian-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">626</span> The Ratio of Second-to-Fourth Digit Length (2D:4D) and the Physical Ability in Men and Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Kociuba">Marek Kociuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaros%C5%82aw%20Kurek"> Jarosław Kurek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The digit length ratio (2D:4D) is generally higher in women compared to men. Lower 2D:4D is linked with greater physical ability, strength, and better sporting performance. Second-to-fourth digit lengths ratio (2D:4D) is an indicator of PT exposure. Lower 2D:4D indicates higher PT exposure and vice versa. Methods: The objectives of this paper were to investigate the relationship of 2D:4D with physical fitness in men and women. The study compared 137 female and 174 male students from Wrocław. Besides calculating 2D:4D for each hand, height and weight were also recorded. Assessment of physical fitness and endurance were performed through Eurofit tests. Handgrip strength was measured by a standardized isometric dynamometer. Results: Male participants had significantly lower 2D:4D than females on each hand. A weak relationship between 2D:4D and the results of strength tests was found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%3A4D" title="2D:4D">2D:4D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title=" physical fitness"> physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prenatal%20testosterone" title=" prenatal testosterone"> prenatal testosterone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dimorphism" title=" sexual dimorphism"> sexual dimorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151606/the-ratio-of-second-to-fourth-digit-length-2d4d-and-the-physical-ability-in-men-and-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">625</span> Students' Perspectives on Quality of Course Evaluation Practices and Feedbacks in Eritrea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ermias%20Melake%20Tesfay">Ermias Melake Tesfay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of evaluation practice and feedback to student advancement and retention has gained importance in the literature over the past ten years. So many issues and cases have been raised about the quality and types of evaluation carried out in higher education and the quality and quantity of student feedback. The aim of this study was to explore the students’ perspectives on the quality of course evaluation practice and feedback in College of Education and College of Science. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data. Data were collected from third-year and fourth-year students of 13 departments in the College of Education and College of Science in Eritrea. A modified Service Performance (SERVPERF) questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to collect the data. The sample population comprised of 135 third-year and fourth-year students’ from both Colleges. A questionnaire using a 5 point Likert-scale was administered to all respondents whilst two focus group discussions were conducted. Findings from survey data and focus group discussions showed that the majority of students hold a positive perception of the quality of course evaluation practice but had a negative perception of methods of awarding grades and administrators’ role in listening to the students complain about the course. Furthermore, the analysis from the questionnaire showed that there is no statistically significant difference between third-year and fourth-year students, College of Education and College of Science and male and female students on the quality of course evaluation practice and feedback. The study recommends that colleges improve the quality of fairness and feedback during course assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback" title=" feedback"> feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%27%20perception" title=" students' perception"> students' perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115989/students-perspectives-on-quality-of-course-evaluation-practices-and-feedbacks-in-eritrea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">624</span> Reimagine and Redesign: Augmented Reality Digital Technologies and 21st Century Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmin%20Cowin">Jasmin Cowin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Augmented reality digital technologies, big data, and the need for a teacher workforce able to meet the demands of a knowledge-based society are poised to lead to major changes in the field of education. This paper explores applications and educational use cases of augmented reality digital technologies for educational organizations during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The Fourth Industrial Revolution requires vision, flexibility, and innovative educational conduits by governments and educational institutions to remain competitive in a global economy. Educational organizations will need to focus on teaching in and for a digital age to continue offering academic knowledge relevant to 21st-century markets and changing labor force needs. Implementation of contemporary disciplines will need to be embodied through learners’ active knowledge-making experiences while embracing ubiquitous accessibility. The power of distributed ledger technology promises major streamlining for educational record-keeping, degree conferrals, and authenticity guarantees. Augmented reality digital technologies hold the potential to restructure educational philosophies and their underpinning pedagogies thereby transforming modes of delivery. Structural changes in education and governmental planning are already increasing through intelligent systems and big data. Reimagining and redesigning education on a broad scale is required to plan and implement governmental and institutional changes to harness innovative technologies while moving away from the big schooling machine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20industrial%20revolution" title="fourth industrial revolution">fourth industrial revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality%20digital%20technologies" title=" augmented reality digital technologies"> augmented reality digital technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20ledger%20technology" title=" distributed ledger technology"> distributed ledger technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137323/reimagine-and-redesign-augmented-reality-digital-technologies-and-21st-century-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">623</span> Correlation between Body Mass Index and Blood Sugar/Serum Lipid Levels in Fourth-Grade Boys in Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotomi%20Yamashita">Kotomi Yamashita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiromi%20Kawasaki"> Hiromi Kawasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoko%20Yamasaki"> Satoko Yamasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susumu%20Fukita"> Susumu Fukita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risako%20Sakai"> Risako Sakai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lifestyle-related diseases develop from the long-term accumulation of health consequences from a poor lifestyle. Thus, schoolchildren, who have not accumulated long-term lifestyle habits, are believed to be at a lower risk for lifestyle-related diseases. However, schoolchildren rarely receive blood tests unless they are under treatment for a serious disease; without such data on their blood, the impacts of their young lifestyle could not be known. Blood data from physical measurements can help in the implementation of more effective health education. Therefore, we examined the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and blood sugar/serum lipid (BS/SL) levels. From 2014 to 2016, we measured the blood data of fourth-grade students living in a city in Japan. The present study reported on the results of 281 fourth-grade boys only (80.3% of total). We analyzed their BS/SL levels by comparing the blood data against the criteria of the National Center for Child Health and Development in Japan. Next, we examined the correlation between BMI and BS/SL levels. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 was used for analysis. A total of 69 boys (24.6%) were within the normal range for BMI (18.5–24), whereas 193 (71.5%) and 8 boys (2.8%) had lower and higher BMI, respectively. Regarding BS levels, 280 boys were within the normal range (70–90 mg/dl); 1 boy reported a higher value. All the boys were within the normal range for glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) (4.6–6.2%). Regarding SL levels, 271 boys were within the normal range (125–230 mg/dl) for total cholesterol (TC), whereas 5 boys (1.8%) had lower and 5 boys (1.8%) had higher levels. A total of 243 boys (92.7%) were within the normal range (36-138mg/dL) for triglycerides (TG), whereas 19 boys (7.3%) had lower and 19 boys (7.3%) had higher levels. Regarding high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 276 boys (98.2%) were within the normal range (40-mg/dl), whereas 5 boys (1.8%) reported lower values. All but one boy (280, 99.6%) were within the normal range (-170 mg/dl) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); the exception (0.4%) had a higher level. BMI and BS didn’t show a correlation. BMI and HbA1c were moderately positively correlated (r = 0.139, ｐ＝0.019). We also observed moderate positive correlations between BMI and TG (r = 0.328, p < 0.01), TC (r=0.239, p< 0.01), LDL-C (r = 0.324, p < 0.01), respectively. BMI and HDL-C were low correlated (r = -0.185, p = 0.002). Most of the boys were within the normal range for BS/SL levels. However, some boys exceeded the normal TG range. Fourth graders with a high TG may develop a lifestyle-related disease in the future. Given its relation to TG, food habits should be improved in this group. Our findings suggested a positive correlation between BMI and BS/SL levels. Fourth-grade schoolboys with a high BMI may be at high risk for developing lifestyle-related diseases. Lifestyle improvement may be recommended to lower the BS/SL levels in this group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20sugar%20level" title="blood sugar level">blood sugar level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle-related%20diseases" title=" lifestyle-related diseases"> lifestyle-related diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20students" title=" school students"> school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20lipid%20level" title=" serum lipid level"> serum lipid level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133020/correlation-between-body-mass-index-and-blood-sugarserum-lipid-levels-in-fourth-grade-boys-in-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">622</span> Numerical Simulation of Effect of Various Rib Configurations on Enhancing Heat Transfer of Matrix Cooling Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Choi">Seok Min Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Bang"> Minho Bang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seuong%20Yun%20Kim"> Seuong Yun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungmin%20Lee"> Hyungmin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won-Gu%20Joo"> Won-Gu Joo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The matrix cooling channel was used for gas turbine blade cooling passage. The matrix cooling structure is useful for the structure stability however the cooling performance of internal cooling channel was not enough for cooling. Therefore, we designed the rib configurations in the matrix cooling channel to enhance the cooling performance. The numerical simulation was conducted to analyze cooling performance of rib configured matrix cooling channel. Three different rib configurations were used which are vertical rib, angled rib and c-type rib. Three configurations were adopted in two positions of matrix cooling channel which is one fourth and three fourth of channel. The result shows that downstream rib has much higher cooling performance than upstream rib. Furthermore, the angled rib in the channel has much higher cooling performance than vertical rib. This is because; the angled rib improves the swirl effect of matrix cooling channel more effectively. The friction factor was increased with the installation of rib. However, the thermal performance was increased with the installation of rib in the matrix cooling channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20cooling" title="matrix cooling">matrix cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rib" title=" rib"> rib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20turbine" title=" gas turbine"> gas turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80524/numerical-simulation-of-effect-of-various-rib-configurations-on-enhancing-heat-transfer-of-matrix-cooling-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">621</span> The Fifth Political Theory and Countering Terrorism in the Post 9/11 Era</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Eijaz%20Ahmad">Rana Eijaz Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is going to explain about the Fifth Political Theory that challenges all existing three plus one (Capitalism, Marxism and Fascism + Fourth Political Theory) theories. It says, ‘it is human ambiance evolve any political system to survive instead of borrowing other imported thoughts to live in a specific environment, in which Legitimacy leads to authority and promotes humanism.’ According to this theory, no other state is allowed to dictate or install any political system upon other states. It is the born right of individuals to choose a political system or a set of values that are going to make their structures and functions efficient enough to support the system harmony and counter the negative forces successfully. In the post 9/11 era, it is observed that all existing theories like Capitalism, Marxism, Fascism and Fourth Political Theory remained unsuccessful in resolving the global crisis. The so-called war against terrorism is proved as a war for terrorism and creates a vacuum on the global stage, worsening the crisis. The fifth political theory is an answer to counter terrorism in the twenty-first century. It calls for accountability of the United Nations for its failure in sustaining peace at global level. Therefore, the UN charter is supposed to be implemented in its true letter and spirit. All independent sovereign states have right to evolve their own system to carry out a political system that suits them best for sustaining harmony at home. This is the only way to counter terrorism. This paper is comprised of mixed method. Qualitative, quantitative and comparative methods will be used along with secondary sources. The objective of this paper is to create knowledge for the benefit of human beings with a logical and rational argument. It will help political scientists and scholars in conflict management and countering terrorism on pragmatic grounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalism" title="capitalism">capitalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20political%20theory" title=" fourth political theory"> fourth political theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fifth%20political%20theory" title=" fifth political theory"> fifth political theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marxism" title=" Marxism"> Marxism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fascism" title=" fascism"> fascism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81164/the-fifth-political-theory-and-countering-terrorism-in-the-post-911-era" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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