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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linqe_të_jashtme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Linqe të jashtme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linqe_të_jashtme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سلوكية – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلوكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="আচৰণবাদ – asamezisht" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আচৰণবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductismu" title="Conductismu – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conductismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biheviorizm" title="Biheviorizm – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biheviorizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="داورانیشچیلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داورانیشچیلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Біхевіярызм – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біхевіярызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризъм – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бихевиоризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductisme" title="Conductisme – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conductisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismus" title="Behaviorismus – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Behaviorismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymddygiadaeth" title="Ymddygiadaeth – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ymddygiadaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Behaviorisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismus" title="Behaviorismus – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Behaviorismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Συμπεριφορισμός – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συμπεριφορισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conportament%C3%AC%C5%9Bem" title="Conportamentìśem – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Conportamentìśem" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Behaviorism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondutismo" title="Kondutismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kondutismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductismo" title="Conductismo – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conductismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biheiviorism" title="Biheiviorism – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biheiviorism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktismo" title="Konduktismo – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konduktismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="رفتارگرایی – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رفتارگرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismi" title="Behaviorismi – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Behaviorismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comportementalisme" title="Comportementalisme – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comportementalisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iomprachas" title="Iomprachas – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iomprachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutismo" title="Condutismo – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condutismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ביהביוריזם – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביהביוריזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="व्यवहारवाद – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्यवहारवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biheviorizam" title="Biheviorizam – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biheviorizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorizmus" title="Behaviorizmus – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Behaviorizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Բիհեյվիորիզմ – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բիհեյվիորիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Behaviorisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atferlishyggja" title="Atferlishyggja – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Atferlishyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comportamentismo" title="Comportamentismo – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comportamentismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="行動主義心理学 – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="行動主義心理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბიჰევიორიზმი – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიჰევიორიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризм – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бихевиоризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%96%89%EB%8F%99%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="행동주의 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="행동주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAbaza_tevgerzaniy%C3%AA" title="Rêbaza tevgerzaniyê – kurdisht" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêbaza tevgerzaniyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризм – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бихевиоризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismus" title="Behaviorismus – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Behaviorismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicolojia_de_condui" title="Psicolojia de condui – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Psicolojia de condui" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biheviorizmas" title="Biheviorizmas – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biheviorizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biheiviorisms" title="Biheiviorisms – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biheiviorisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризам – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бихевиоризам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ബിഹേവിയറിസം – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബിഹേവിയറിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketingkahlakuan" title="Ketingkahlakuan – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ketingkahlakuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Behaviorisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Behaviorisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Behaviorisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਵਿਵਹਾਰਵਾਦ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਵਹਾਰਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachgrubb:Behaviorismus" title="Sachgrubb:Behaviorismus – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Sachgrubb:Behaviorismus" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behawioryzm" title="Behawioryzm – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Behawioryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comportamentism" title="Comportamentism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Comportamentism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="چلندپالنه – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چلندپالنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismo" title="Behaviorismo – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Behaviorismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Behaviorism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризм – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бихевиоризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="روين جو علم – sindisht" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روين جو علم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biheviorizam" title="Biheviorizam – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biheviorizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Behaviorism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorizmus" title="Behaviorizmus – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Behaviorizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorizem" title="Behaviorizem – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Behaviorizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризам – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бихевиоризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Behaviorism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நடத்தையியல் – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடத்தையியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризм – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бихевиоризм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="พฤติกรรมนิยม – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พฤติกรรมนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ng_ugali" title="Sistema ng ugali – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistema ng ugali" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviourisim" title="Behaviourisim – pisinishte toku" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Behaviourisim" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="pisinishte toku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davran%C4%B1%C5%9F%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Davranışçılık – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Davranışçılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Біхевіоризм – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біхевіоризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixeviorizm" title="Bixeviorizm – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bixeviorizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_h%C3%A0nh_vi" title="Chủ nghĩa hành vi – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa hành vi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="行为主义 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="行为主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ביהייוויאריזם – jidisht" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביהייוויאריזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="行为主义 (心理学) – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="行为主义 (心理学)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="行為主義 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="行為主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q168338#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje ndërgjuhësore" class="wbc-editpage">Përpunoni lidhje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Emërhapësira"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biheviorizmi" title="Shikoni përmbajtjen e atikullit. 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Ai supozon se të gjitha sjelljet janë ose reflekse të prodhuara nga një përgjigje ndaj disa stimujve të mjedisit, ose si pasojë e historisë së atij individi, duke përfshirë veçanërisht përforcimin dhe ndëshkimin, së bashku me gjendjen aktive aktuale të individit dhe kontrollin e stimulimit. Megjithëse bihevioristët përgjithësisht e pranojnë rolin e rëndësishëm të trashëgimisë në përcaktimin e sjelljes, ata përqendrohen kryesisht tek faktorët e mjedisit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Përkufizimi"><span id="P.C3.ABrkufizimi"></span>Përkufizimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Përkufizimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Përkufizimi"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biheviorizmi kombinon elemente të filozofisë, metodologjisë dhe teorisë psikologjike. Ai u shfaq në fund të shekullit të nëntëmbëdhjetë si një reagim ndaj psikologjisë së thellë dhe formave të tjera tradicionale të psikologjisë, të cilat shpesh kishin vështirësi në bërjen e parashikimeve që mund të testoheshin eksperimentalisht. Derivatet më të hershme të biheviorizmit mund të gjurmohen në fund të shekullit XIX, ku <a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Thorndike" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward L. Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a> paraqiti ligjin e efektit , një proces që përfshinte forcimin e sjelljes nëpërmjet përdorimit të përforcimit. </p><p>Gjatë gjysmës së parë të shekullit të njëzetë, John B. Watson shpiku sjelljen metodologjike , e cila hodhi poshtë metodat introspektive dhe kërkoi të kuptonte sjelljen vetëm duke matur sjelljet dhe ngjarjet e vëzhguara. Në vitet 1930 <a href="/wiki/Burrhus_Frederic_Skinner" title="Burrhus Frederic Skinner">BF Skinner</a> sugjeroi që ngjarjet private, duke përfshirë mendimet dhe ndjenjat, t'i nënshtroheshin të njëjtave variabla kontrolli si sjellja e vëzhgueshme, e cila u bë baza e filozofisë së tij të quajtur "biheviorizëm radikal". <sup id="cite_ref-RadicalBehaviorismCAB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RadicalBehaviorismCAB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-ABA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ndërsa Watson dhe <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C3%A7_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petroviç Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> studiuan procedurat e reagimit stimulues të <a href="/wiki/Kusht%C3%ABzimi_klasik" title="Kushtëzimi klasik">kushtëzimit klasik</a> , Skinner vlerësoi natyrën kontrolluese të pasojave dhe gjithashtu efektin e saj të mundshëm mbi paraardhësit (ose stimujt diskriminues) të cilët forconin sjelljen ; kjo teknikë u bë e njohur si kushtëzimi operant. </p><p>Biheviorizmi radikal i Skinnerit ka qenë shumë i suksesshme në eksperiment, duke zbuluar fenomene të reja me metoda të reja, por shkarkimi i teorisë nga Skinner e kufizoi zhvillimin e saj. Biheviorizmi teorik <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pranoi se një sistem historik, një organizëm, ka një gjendje, si dhe ndjeshmëri ndaj stimujve dhe aftësinë për të lëshuar përgjigje. Në të vërtetë, Skinner vetë e pranoi mundësinë e asaj që ai e quajti përgjigje "latente" tek njerëzit, edhe pse ai e shpërfillte këtë ide për minjët dhe pëllumbat. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Përgjigjet latente përbëjnë një repertor, nga i cili mund të përzgjidhet përforcimi operant. </p><p>Zbatimi i biheviorizmit radikal - i njohur si analiza e sjelljes së aplikuar - përdoret në një sërë mjedisesh, duke përfshirë, për shembull, menaxhimin e sjelljes organizative , në trajtimin e çrregullimeve mendore, siç është <a href="/wiki/Autizmi" title="Autizmi">autizmi</a> dhe abuzimi i substancave . <sup id="cite_ref-JABA1968_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JABA1968-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-APA-Handbook-BehaviorAnalysis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APA-Handbook-BehaviorAnalysis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-APA-BehaviorAnalysis_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APA-BehaviorAnalysis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Përveç kësaj, ndërsa sjellja dhe shkollat <a href="/wiki/Psikologjia_kognitive" title="Psikologjia kognitive">kognitive</a> të mendimit psikologjik nuk mund të pajtohen në mënyrë teorike, ato kanë plotësuar njëra-tjetrën në terapitë kognitive-bihevioristee , të cilat janë treguar të dobishme në trajtimin e patologjive të caktuara, duke përfshirë <a href="/wiki/Fobia" title="Fobia">fobitë e</a> thjeshta, <a href="/wiki/Stresi_posttraumatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Stresi posttraumatik">PTSD</a> dhe çrregullimet e humorit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vështrim"><span id="V.C3.ABshtrim"></span>Vështrim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Vështrim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vështrim"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biheviorizmi (ose bihejviorizmi ) është një qasje sistematike me qëllim të kuptimit të sjelljes së njerëzve dhe kafshëve. Ai supozon se të gjitha sjelljet janë ose reflekse të prodhuara nga një përgjigje ndaj disa stimujve të mjedisit, ose si pasojë e historisë së atij individi, duke përfshirë veçanërisht përforcimin dhe ndëshkimin, së bashku me gjendjen aktive aktuale të individit dhe kontrollin e stimulimit. Megjithëse bihevioristët përgjithësisht e pranojnë rolin e rëndësishëm të trashëgimisë në përcaktimin e sjelljes, ata përqendrohen kryesisht tek faktorët e mjedisit.Bihevioristë si Uatson dhe Skiner ndërtojnë njohuritë si repertor sjelljesh. Skiner argumenton se “njohuria është veprim, ose të paktën shtyn për veprim”. Sipas tij, njohuria është një set përgjigjesh pasive dhe shumë mekanike ndaj stimujve të mjedisit. Njohuria që nuk shprehet aktivisht në sjellje mund të shpjegohet si kapacitet sjelljeje. Teoria e të nxënit behavioral përfaqësohet nga paradigma S-P. Nga një perspektivë bihevioriste, transmetimi i informacionit nga mësuesi te nxënësi është në thelb transmetimi i përgjigjes së përshtatshme ndaj një stimuli të caktuar. Përderisa është i përcaktuar seti i njohurive që kërkon zhvillimi i kohës, kjo parashikon një kurrikul tepër të ngurtë dhe fokusimin në realizimin e saj. Si rezultat, nxënësi duhet të përsëritë dhe të ngulitë njohurinë e duhur dhe nuk është ky fokusi në zhvillimet e brendshme apo mundësitë individuale të zhvillimit. Teknikat bihevioriste janë përdorur prej kohësh në edukimin për të nxitur sjellje që është e dëshirueshme dhe për të dekurajuar sjelljet e padëshirueshme. Kontratat janë tejet të efektshme për t’i ndihmuar nxënësit të përqëndrohen në ndryshimin e sjelljes. Sjelljet pozitive duhet të identifikohen dhe më pas fëmija dhe mësuesi duhet të bien dakord në termat e kontratës. Pasojat duhet të ndodhin menjëherë pas nje sjellje të veçantë. Pasojat mund të jenë pozitive ose negative, materiale apo simbolike, të pritura apo të papritura, të mënjëhershme apo afatgjata. Përforcimi pozitiv vepron si stimul për të rritur mundësinë që të shfaqet një sjellje e mirë ndërkohë që përforcimet negative shtojnë mundësinë që ajo sjellje negative të mos ndodh më. Dënimet ulin frekuencën e një sjellje të përshtatshme. Në fakt,dënimet janë tejet efektive në heqje dorë nga sjelljet e padëshiruara. Zhdukja është procesi në të cilin ndërpritet përgjigja e pritshme ndaj një sjellje. Për shembull, kur një nxënës sillet keq ai mund të ulet në një qoshe gjithë ditën, prandaj ndahet nga grupi. Bihevioristët e shpjegojnë motivimin me termat e skedulave të përforcimit pozitiv dhe negativ. Për shembull, një nxënës që merr lavdërim me gojë dhe nota të mira për përgjigje të sakta ka më shumë shanse t’i mësojë saktë ato përgjigje sesa dikush që nuk merr komente apo merr komente negative. Ka disa modele përforcimi apo dënimi. Përforcimi pozitiv: shtimi i një sjellje duke dhënë një shpërblim. Përforcimi negativ:shtimi i një sjellje duke hequr një stimul kundërshtues kur sjellja ndodh. Dënimi negativ: Pakësimi i një sjelljeje duke hequr një stimul pozitiv. Dënim pozitiv: Pakësimi i një sjelljeje duke dhënë një stimul të pakëndshëm për nxënësin menjëherë pas sjelljes. Zhdukja: Pakësimi i një sjellje duke mos dhënë një shpërblim apo një dënim. Bihevioristët mendojnë gjithashtu se dhe mënyra me të cilën ofrohen format e ndryshme të përforcimit kanë efekt të rëndësishëm në nxitjen e nxënësit që të funksionojë sipas kërkesave të parashtruara. Format e propozuara prej tyre mund të përmblidhen si më poshtë : Skedula me interval: përforcimi ndodh pasi ka kaluar një farë kohe. Një shembull për këtë është vlerësimi pas një gare noti. Interval i përcaktuar: përforcimi paraqitet pas një periudhe kohe të paracaktuar. Interval i ndryshueshëm: përforcimi paraqitet pas një periudhe kohe variable. Ky lloj vlerësimi ndodh shumë rrallë, por përfitimi është më i madh për nxënësin. Ju mund të përdorni biheviorizmin për të rritur të mësuarit dhe për të ulur sjelljen e shpërqëndrimit të studentëve. Kur shkruani planet e mësimit, identifikoni çfarë dije dhe shkathtësi kërkoni që studentët të zotërojnë. Zhvilloni një sistem për përcjelljen e progresit të nxënësve dhe ndërhyni nëse lindin probleme. Për shembull, nëse dyshoni se studentët nuk po kompletojnë lexime të caktuara, mund të filloni të jepni kuize për të motivuar studentët dhe për të shpërblyer ata që punojnë më shumë. Zyra për mësimdhënie dhe Universiteti Shtetëror i Wayne sugjerojnë se përdorimi i notave për detyrat e shtëpisë, provimet dhe pjesëmarrja në klasë është një aplikim efektiv i sjelljes. Nëse ju caktoni më shumë pikë për disa aktivitete sesa të tjerat, studentët përforcohen për të vënë përpjekjet e tyre në prioritetet e duhura. Studentët që buxhetojnë kohën e tyre në përputhje me rrethanat ka gjasa të arrijnë një notë më të lartë. Përveç kësaj, ju duhet t’u jepni studentëve reagime të vazhdueshme për të treguar se cfarë po bëjnë më mirë dhe ku kanë nevojë për përmirësim. Në fakt ka shumë sjellje që duhet të formohen në mënyrë që të ketë një klasë të rregullt. Për shembull, studentët mund të marrin dënime negative për mbajtjen e celularëve në klasë. Hulumtimet tregojnë se telefonat celularë tërheqin vëmendjen, kështu që ne mund të përdorim kondicionimin operues për të rritur vëmendjen dhe të mësuarit. Për fat të keq, për shumë arsye, studentët nuk i ndryshojnë lehtë strategjitë e tyre të studimit, edhe kur tregohet dëshmi se strategjitë e reja janë më të mira. Për të inkurajuar përdorimin e strategjive të mira të studimit, studentët duhet të shohin pasojat e drejtpërdrejta të përdorimit të tyre. Një mënyrë për ta bërë ketë është t’u japësh praktikën dhe më pas t’u kërkojnë atyre të studiojnë një pjesë të vogël të materialit duke përdorur strategjinë e re. Reagimi i menjëhershëm dhe i drejtpërdrejtë që tregon një notë më të lartë është një përforcim pozitiv. Ju mund të përdorni lëvdata për studentët të cilët demonstrojnë se po përdorin strategjitë e reja për të provuar dhe formësuar sjelljen e tyre. Një nga çelësat është që pasoja duhet të vijë mjaft shpejtë pas sjelljes, e cila është ajo që e bën këtë një sfidë të tillë. Nxënësit që përdorin ndarjen, bëjnë shumë punë për një kohë të gjatë para se të marrin një përforcim.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shih_edhe">Shih edhe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakto pjesën: Shih edhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Shih edhe"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etologjia" title="Etologjia">Etologjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologjia" title="Psikologjia">Psikologjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Watson" title="John Watson">John Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusht%C3%ABzimi_klasik" title="Kushtëzimi klasik">Kushtëzimi klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusht%C3%ABzimi_operant" title="Kushtëzimi operant">Kushtëzimi operant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologjia_shkollore" title="Psikologjia shkollore">Psikologjia shkollore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologjia_pedagogjike" title="Psikologjia pedagogjike">Psikologjia pedagogjike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologjia_e_t%C3%AB_m%C3%ABsuarit" title="Psikologjia e të mësuarit">Psikologjia e të mësuarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrhus_Frederic_Skinner" title="Burrhus Frederic Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakto pjesën: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2308857">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Baum, W.M. (2005) <i>Understanding behaviorism: Behavior, Culture and Evolution</i>. Blackwell.</li> <li>Cao, L.B. (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705130700/http://www-staff.it.uts.edu.au/%7Elbcao/publication/behavior-informatics-tutorial-slidesx.pdf">IJCAI2013 tutorial on behavior informatics and computing</a>.</li> <li>Cao, L.B. (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220110547/http://www-staff.it.uts.edu.au/~lbcao/publication/compj13.pdf">Non-IIDness Learning in Behavioral and Social Data</a>, The Computer Journal, 57(9): 1358–1370.</li> <li>Chiesa, Mecca (1994). "Radical Behaviorism: The Philosophy and the Science". Authors Cooperative, Inc.</li> <li>Cooper, John O., Heron, Timothy E., & Heward, William L. (2007). "Applied Behavior Analysis: Second Edition". Pearson.</li> <li>Ferster, C.B. & Skinner, B.F. (1957). <i>Schedules of reinforcement</i>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.</li> <li>Malott, Richard W. Principles of Behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. Print.</li> <li>Mills, John A., <i>Control: A History of Behavioral Psychology</i>, Paperback Edition, New York University Press 2000.</li> <li>Lattal, K.A. & Chase, P.N. (2003) "Behavior Theory and Philosophy". Plenum.</li> <li>Pierce, W. David & Cheney, Carl D. (2013). "Behavior Analysis and Learning: Fifth Edition". Psychology Press.</li> <li>Plotnik, Rod. (2005) <i>Introduction to Psychology</i>. Thomson-Wadsworth (<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-534-63407-9" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-534-63407-9">0-534-63407-9</a>).</li> <li>Rachlin, H. (1991) <i>Introduction to modern behaviorism.</i> (3rd edition.) New York: Freeman.</li> <li>Skinner, B.F. <i>Beyond Freedom & Dignity</i>, Hackett Publishing Co, Inc 2002.</li> <li>Skinner, B.F. (1938). <i>The behavior of organisms</i>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSkinner1945" class="citation journal cs1">Skinner, B.F. 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"The operational analysis of psychological terms". <i>Psychological Review</i>. <b>52</b> (270–7): 290–4. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fh0062535">10.1037/h0062535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Review&rft.atitle=The+operational+analysis+of+psychological+terms&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=270%E2%80%937&rft.pages=290-4&rft.date=1945&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fh0062535&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=B.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ABiheviorizmi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></li> <li>Skinner, B.F. (1953). <i>Science and Human Behavior</i> (<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-02-929040-6" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-02-929040-6">0-02-929040-6</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106012457/http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/PDFBooksSHB_files/Science_and_Human_Behavior_2.pdf">Online version</a>.</li> <li>Skinner, B.F. (1957). <i>Verbal behavior</i>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.</li> <li>Skinner, B.F. (1969). <i>Contingencies of reinforcement: a theoretical analysis</i>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFSkinner,_B.F.1981" class="citation journal cs1">Skinner, B.F. 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(2013) "Explanation of Behavioural Psychotherapy Styles". <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kleincbt.com/#!What-is-CBT/cgzo">[1]</a>.</li> <li>Staddon, J. (2014) <i>The New Behaviorism</i>, 2nd Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press. pp. xi, 1–282.</li> <li>Watson, J.B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. <i>Psychological Review</i>, 20, 158–177. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/views.htm">on-line</a>).</li> <li>Watson, J.B. (1919). <i>Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist</i>.</li> <li>Watson, J.B. (1924). <i>Behaviorism</i>.</li> <li>Zuriff, G.E. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=86092256"><i>Behaviorism: A Conceptual Reconstruction</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624073146/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=86092256">Arkivuar</a> 24 qershor 2011 tek Wayback Machine, Columbia University Press.</li> <li>LeClaire, J. and Rushin, J.P. (2010) <i>Behavioral Analytics For Dummies.</i> Wiley. (<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-470-58727-0" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-470-58727-0">978-0-470-58727-0</a>).</li> <li>Sula, Gerda. <i>Të nxënët- nga teoria në praktikë</i>. f.47. <ref>978-9928-181-67-1</li> <li>Karaj, Theodhori. <i>Pskilogjia e zhvillimit të fëmijës.</i>f. 46. 978-99956-47-73-5</li> <li>“Sula, Gerda”. Të nxënët- nga teoria në praktikë fq.57.</li> <li>”Sula, Gerda”. Të nxënët –nga teoria në praktikë fq.59, 61.</li> <li>Wayne State University: The Office for Teaching and Learning Newsletter: From Theory To Practice.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video">Video</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakto pjesën: Video" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Video"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrQ0LfqxABM/">Noam Chomsky on Behaviorism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linqe_të_jashtme"><span id="Linqe_t.C3.AB_jashtme"></span>Linqe të jashtme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakto pjesën: Linqe të jashtme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Linqe të jashtme"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viewpoint.fr">Automated Behavior analysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behaviorinformatics.org">Behavior Informatics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-30"><i>Dictionary of the History of Ideas</i>:</a> Behaviorism</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/psychology/other-types-of-psychology/behaviorism.jsp">Books and Journal Articles On Behaviorism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040204234402/http://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/genetics/behavior/learning/behaviorism.html">Wuerzburg University: behaviourism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfskinner.org">B.F. Skinner Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behavior.org">Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Theories">Skinner's Theories</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/divisions/div25/">APA Behaviour Analysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abainternational.org/">Association for Behavior Analysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~c720126/humanethologie/ws/medicus/block1/inhalt.html">Theory of Behavioral Anthropology (Documents No. 9 and 10 in English)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calaba.org">California Association for Behavior Analysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130106112357/http://knowledgenetwork.alumni.msu.edu/knowledge-visualization/learning-theories.html">Examining Learning From Multiple Perspectives</a> by Michigan State University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contextualpsychology.org">Association for Contextual Behavioral Science</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125093229/http://contextualpsychology.org/">Arkivuar</a> 25 janar 2013 tek Wayback Machine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106095401/https://foxylearning.com/">Behavior Analysis Online Tutorials</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RadicalBehaviorismCAB-1"><a href="#cite_ref-RadicalBehaviorismCAB_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFChiesa,_Mecca1994" class="citation book cs1">Chiesa, Mecca (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904195958/http://www.behavior.org/item.php?id=154"><i>Radical Behaviorism: The Philosophy and the Science</i></a>. Authors Cooperative, Inc. fq. 1–241. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0962331145" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0962331145"><bdi>978-0962331145</bdi></a>. Arkivuar nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behavior.org/item.php?id=154">origjinali</a> më 2017-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">31 korrik</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Behaviorism%3A+The+Philosophy+and+the+Science&rft.pages=1-241&rft.pub=Authors+Cooperative%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0962331145&rft.au=Chiesa%2C+Mecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behavior.org%2Fitem.php%3Fid%3D154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ABiheviorizmi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABA-2"><a href="#cite_ref-ABA_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFDillenburger,_KarolaKeenan,_Mickey2009" class="citation journal cs1">Dillenburger, Karola & Keenan, Mickey (2009). "None of the As in ABA stand for autism: Dispelling the myths". <i>Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 193–195. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13668250902845244">10.1080/13668250902845244</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19404840">19404840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Intellectual+and+Developmental+Disability&rft.atitle=None+of+the+As+in+ABA+stand+for+autism%3A+Dispelling+the+myths&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=193-195&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13668250902845244&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19404840&rft.au=Dillenburger%2C+Karola&rft.au=Keenan%2C+Mickey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ABiheviorizmi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> Staddon, John (2014) Behaviorism i ri (botimi i dytë) Filadelfia, PA: Psikologji Press. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> Staddon, J. Behaviorism teorik. Filozofia dhe Sjellja. (45) në shtyp. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JABA1968-5"><a href="#cite_ref-JABA1968_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFBaer,_Donald_M.Wolf,_Montrose_M.Risley,_Todd_R.1968" class="citation journal cs1">Baer, Donald M.; Wolf, Montrose M.; Risley, Todd R. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1310980">"Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis"</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 91–7. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:doi_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1901%2Fjaba.1968.1-91">10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Nuk kërkohet regjistrim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1310980">1310980</a></span>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:PMID_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16795165">16795165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Behavior+Analysis&rft.atitle=Some+current+dimensions+of+applied+behavior+analysis&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=91-7&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1310980%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16795165&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1901%2Fjaba.1968.1-91&rft.au=Baer%2C+Donald+M.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Montrose+M.&rft.au=Risley%2C+Todd+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1310980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ABiheviorizmi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APA-Handbook-BehaviorAnalysis-6"><a href="#cite_ref-APA-Handbook-BehaviorAnalysis_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/pubs/books/4311509.aspx">"APA Handbook of Behavior Analysis"</a>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">24 dhjetor</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=APA+Handbook+of+Behavior+Analysis&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fpubs%2Fbooks%2F4311509.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ABiheviorizmi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Burimi journal ka nevojë për <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#missing_periodical" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APA-BehaviorAnalysis-7"><a href="#cite_ref-APA-BehaviorAnalysis_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/bar/index.aspx?tab=1">"Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice"</a>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">2014-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Behavior+Analysis%3A+Research+and+Practice&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fpubs%2Fjournals%2Fbar%2Findex.aspx%3Ftab%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ABiheviorizmi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Burimi journal ka nevojë për <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#missing_periodical" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFKaraj" class="citation book cs1">Karaj, Theodhori. <i>Pskilogjia e zhvillimit të fëmijës</i>. fq. 322. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-99956-47-73-5" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-99956-47-73-5"><bdi>978-99956-47-73-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pskilogjia+e+zhvillimit+t%C3%AB+f%C3%ABmij%C3%ABs&rft.pages=322&rft.isbn=978-99956-47-73-5&rft.aulast=Karaj&rft.aufirst=Theodhori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ABiheviorizmi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Marrë nga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&oldid=2640248">https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biheviorizmi&oldid=2640248</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:Kategorit%C3%AB" title="Speciale:Kategoritë">Kategoritë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gabime_CS1:_Mungon_parametri_i_gjuh%C3%ABs" title="Kategoria:Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës">Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Psikologji" title="Kategoria:Psikologji">Psikologji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gabime_CS1:_Mungon_botimi_periodik" title="Kategoria:Gabime CS1: Mungon botimi periodik">Gabime CS1: Mungon botimi periodik</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori e fshehur: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Faqe_me_adresa_nga_Wayback_Machine_q%C3%AB_p%C3%ABrdorin_stamp%C3%ABn_e_arkiv%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_rrjetit" title="Kategoria:Faqe me adresa nga Wayback Machine që përdorin stampën e arkivës së rrjetit">Faqe me adresa nga Wayback Machine që përdorin stampën e arkivës së rrjetit</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kjo faqe është redaktuar për herë te fundit më 8 shkurt 2024, në orën 11:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Të gjitha materialet që gjenden në këtë faqë janë të mbrojtura nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>;. 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