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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D2%BA%D1%83%D2%A3%D2%93%D1%8B_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Металдар rootpage-Металдар skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Эстәлеккә күсергә</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Төп меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Төп меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Төп меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навигация </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Баш биткә күсергә [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Баш бит</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81"><span>Алфавитлы күрһәткес</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D2%A1%D0%B8%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ағымдағы ваҡиғалар тураһында белешмә мәғлүмәт"><span>Ағымдағы ваҡиғалар</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-articles" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-articles" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Мәҡәләләр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-featured" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80"><span>Һайланған</span></a></li><li id="n-good" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80"><span>Яҡшы</span></a></li><li id="n-quality" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80"><span>Сифатлы</span></a></li><li id="n-1000" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:1000_%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99"><span>1 000 мотлаҡ</span></a></li><li id="n-10000" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ru.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ирекле энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ba.svg" width="118" height="11" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv 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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-«Металл»_һүҙенең_килеп_сығышы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#«Металл»_һүҙенең_килеп_сығышы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>«Металл» һүҙенең килеп сығышы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-«Металл»_һүҙенең_килеп_сығышы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тәбиғәттә" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тәбиғәттә"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Тәбиғәттә</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тәбиғәттә-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Металл_етештереү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Металл_етештереү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Металл етештереү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Металл_етештереү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Металл_үҙенсәлектәре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Металл_үҙенсәлектәре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Металл үҙенсәлектәре</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Металл_үҙенсәлектәре-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Металл үҙенсәлектәре бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Металл_үҙенсәлектәре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Физик_металл_үҙенсәлектәре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Физик_металл_үҙенсәлектәре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Физик металл үҙенсәлектәре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Физик_металл_үҙенсәлектәре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Металдарҙың_химик_үҙенсәлектәре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Металдарҙың_химик_үҙенсәлектәре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Металдарҙың химик үҙенсәлектәре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Металдарҙың_химик_үҙенсәлектәре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Кислоталар_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итешеүе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кислоталар_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итешеүе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Кислоталар менән металдар тәьҫир итешеүе</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Кислоталар_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итешеүе-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Кислоталар менән металдар тәьҫир итешеүе бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Кислоталар_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итешеүе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Металдарҙың_электрохимик_активлығында_водородҡа_тиклем_торған_металдар_кислоталар_менән_тәьҫир_итеүе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Металдарҙың_электрохимик_активлығында_водородҡа_тиклем_торған_металдар_кислоталар_менән_тәьҫир_итеүе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Металдарҙың электрохимик активлығында водородҡа тиклем торған металдар кислоталар менән тәьҫир итеүе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Металдарҙың_электрохимик_активлығында_водородҡа_тиклем_торған_металдар_кислоталар_менән_тәьҫир_итеүе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡуйыртылған_көкөрт_кислотаһы_H2SO4_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итерешеүе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡуйыртылған_көкөрт_кислотаһы_H2SO4_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итерешеүе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ҡуйыртылған көкөрт кислотаһы H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> менән металдар тәьҫир итерешеүе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҡуйыртылған_көкөрт_кислотаһы_H2SO4_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итерешеүе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Азот_кислотаһы_менән_реакция_(HNO3)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Азот_кислотаһы_менән_реакция_(HNO3)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Азот кислотаһы менән реакция (HNO<sub>3</sub>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Азот_кислотаһы_менән_реакция_(HNO3)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Металдар</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 164 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alata" title="Alata — оболо" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Alata" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="оболо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="فيليز — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيليز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="معدن — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معدن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ধাতু — ассамский" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধাতু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="فیلیز — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیلیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoi" title="Metoi — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Metoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals" title="Metals — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Metals" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Металы — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Металы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мэтал — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэтал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="သတ္တု — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ধাতু — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Gĭng-sṳ̆k — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%B1%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ — чероки" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="کانزا — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانزا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovy" title="Kovy — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Металсем — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Металсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metel" title="Metel — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Μέταλλα — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέταλλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%A2l" title="Metâl — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Metâl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalo" title="Metalo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallid" title="Metallid — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalli" title="Metalli — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakumea" title="Kakumea — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kakumea" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotal" title="Miotal — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Métal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt" title="Meatailt — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز — Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepoti" title="Kuarepoti — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepoti" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81" title="ધાતુ — гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ધાતુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98arfe" title="Ƙarfe — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙarfe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Kîm-su̍k — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA" title="מתכת — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתכת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaatu" title="Dhaatu — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dhaatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovine" title="Kovine — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kovine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9mek" title="Fémek — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Մետաղ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մետաղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Մետաղ — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մետաղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metallo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle — интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Маьхалаш — ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Маьхалаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalo" title="Metalo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lmur" title="Málmur — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinme" title="jinme — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ლითონები — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin" title="Asin — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91%C9%A9%C9%A3l%C9%A9m_n%C9%A9%C9%A3y%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металдар — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Металдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9" title="ಲೋಹ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೋಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="금속 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="داتھ — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="داتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanza" title="Kanza — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kanza" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Кӧртулов — коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кӧртулов" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Металл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallum" title="Metallum — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metallum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalai" title="Metalai — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C4%81li" title="Metāli — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Metāli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaly" title="Metaly — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Metaly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഹം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Металл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="धातू — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="धातू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="သတ္တု — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кшнипонат — эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кшнипонат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ta" title="Méta — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Méta" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiila" title="Sibiila — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiila" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81" title="ଧାତୁ — ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଧାତୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Згъæр — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Згъæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਧਾਤ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metale" title="Metale — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metale" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دھات — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27illay" title="Q'illay — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalu" title="Metalu — арумынский" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Metalu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Металлы — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Металлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Ков — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ков" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitallu" title="Mitallu — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mitallu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84" title="ලෝහ — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලෝහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov" title="Kov — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovina" title="Kovina — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbi" title="Simbi — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Simbi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir" title="Bir — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalet" title="Metalet — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metalet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metali" title="Metali — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உலோகம் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="లోహాలు — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లోహాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" title="โลหะ — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металлдар — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Металлдар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مېتال — уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مېتال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Метали — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دھات — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دھات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallar" title="Metallar — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta%C5%82i" title="Metałi — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Metałi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Kim loại — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim loại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-metal" title="I-metal — коса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-metal" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="коса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מעטאל — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81t%C3%A0l%C3%AC" title="Mẹ́tàlì — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́tàlì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Kim-sio̍k — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B.JPG/300px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B.JPG/450px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B.JPG/600px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Металдар — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Цивилизация">цивилизация</a> бөтә ғәмәли тарихы дауымында киң ҡулланған материал.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Металдар</b> (от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">metallum</span></i> — шахта, рудник) — йылы һәм электр үткәреүсәнлек, ыңғай температура ҡаршылығы, юғары һығылмалылыҡ, сүкелеүсәнлек һәм металл ялтарыуығы кеүек металдарға хас үҙенсәлектәре булған ябай матдә хәлендәге элементтар төркөмө. </p><p>Әлегә ваҡытта билдәле булған 118 элементтың (барыһы ла рәсми танылмаған) металдарға ингәндәре: </p><p>Һелтеле металдар төркөмөндә 6 лемент: Li, Na, K, Rb, De, Fr </p><p>Һелтеле ер металдары төркөмөндә 4: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra </p><p>шулай уҡ билдәләнгән төркөмдәрҙән ситтә бериллий һәм магний. </p><p>күсмә элементтәр төркөмөндә: </p><p>— Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; — Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd; — La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg; </p><p>еңел металдар төркөмөндә 7: Al, En, In, Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi </p><p>ярым металдар төркөмөндә<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7: В, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Лантаноидтар">лантаноидтар төркөмөндә</a> + лантан (La) 7: Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu </p><p>актиноидтар төркөмөндә (барлыҡ элементтарҙың да физик үҙенсәлектәре өйрәнелмәгән) + актиник (Ac) 14: Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr. </p><p>Шулай итеп, 94 элемент металл тип иҫәпләнә, ҡалғандары неметалл. </p><p>Астрофизикала «металл» башҡа мәғәнәгә эйә, был термин гелийҙан ауырырыҡ булған бөтә элементтарҙы аңлата.<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="61"></span> </p><p><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="64"></span>Бынан тыш, физикала үткәргес металдар ярымүкәргес һәм эиэлектриктар менән сағыштырыла. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="«Металл»_һүҙенең_килеп_сығышы"><span id=".C2.AB.D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.C2.BB_.D2.BB.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BF_.D1.81.D1.8B.D2.93.D1.8B.D1.88.D1.8B"></span>«Металл» һүҙенең килеп сығышы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Металл» һүҙенең килеп сығышы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=1" title="«Металл» һүҙенең килеп сығышы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Метал һүҙе немец теленән ингән. 1534 йылда Николай Любчанин «Травник» тигән китабында «…злато и серебро всех металей одолеваетъ» тип яҙа. Был һүҙ Петр заманында кереп ҡала. Баштараҡ «минерал, руда, металл» тигән дөйөм мәғәнәлә була; М. В. Ломоносов ваҡытында һүҙҙәргә айырым төшөнсә бирелә. </p><p><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="84"></span>Латин теленәндәге «metallum» — «рудник, металл» тигән һүҙҙәр немец теленә ингән, ә латин теленә грек теленән (μεταλλον — «рудник, баҙ») ингән. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тәбиғәттә"><span id=".D0.A2.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D2.93.D3.99.D1.82.D1.82.D3.99"></span>Тәбиғәттә</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Тәбиғәттә бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=2" title="Тәбиғәттә бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Металдарҙың күп өлөшө тәбиғәттә <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%93%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Мәғдән">мәғдән</a> һәм ҡушылмалар хәлендә була. Улар оксидтар, сильфидтар, карбонаттар барлыҡҡа килтерә. Таҙа металл алыу өсөн уларҙы руданан айырып алырға һәм таҙартырға кәрәк. Кәрәк булғанда, легирование һәм башҡа төрлө эшкәртеү үткәрәләр. Был эшмәкәрлекте <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Металлургия">металлургия</a> фәне өйрәнә. Металлургия металдарҙы ҡара (нигеҙендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тимер">тимер</a> булғандарҙы) һәм төҫлө (уларҙың составына тимер кермәй, барлығы 70 элемент) металлургияға бүлә. Алтын, көмөш һәм платина <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Затлы металдар (был бит юҡ)">ҡиммәтле металл</a> тип иҫәпләнә. Был металдар әҙ генә миҡдарҙа диңгеҙ һыуында һәм тере организмдарҙа бар (организм өсөн бик мөһим). </p><p>Билдәле булғанса, кеше организмының 3 проценты металдан тора<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Организмда иң күбе <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кальций">кальций</a> (һөйәктә) һәм күҙәнәк араһындағы шыйыҡлыҡта һәм цитоплазмала электролит ролен үтәүсе натрий. Магний мускулдарҙа һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Нервы системаһы">нерв системаһында</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Баҡыр">баҡыр</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бауыр">ашҡаҙанда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тимер">тимер</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡан">ҡанда</a> йыйыла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Металл_етештереү"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB_.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Металл етештереү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Металл етештереү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=3" title="Металл етештереү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Металдар ерҙән ҡаҙылма байлыҡтар ҡаҙып алыу барышында табыла. Ҡаҙып алынған мәғдән кәрәкле элементарҙың бай сығанағы булып тора. Ер тышсаһында руда ятҡылығын билдәләү өсөн разведка һәм руда ятҡылыҡтарын өйрәнеү кеүек махсус алымдар ҡулланалар. Руда ятҡылыҡтары асыҡ йәки ер аҫты һәм шахта, карьер ысулы менән эшкәртелә. Ҡайһы саҡта ҡатнаш (асыҡ-ер аҫты) ысулы ҡулланыла. </p><p>Табылған руда, ҡағиҙә булараҡ, байытыла. Бер минерал сеймалдан бер нисә файҙалы компонент алына: руда концентраты, сәнәғәт продукты, ташландыҡтар. Байытыу процессында файҙалы компонент һәм буш тау тоҡомо тығыҙлығы, магнит үҙенсәлеге, еүешләнеүсәнлек, электр үткәреүсәнлек, бөртөк формалары, химик үҙенсәлек кеүек айырмалары буйынса айырыла. </p><p>Табылған һәм байытылған руданан, ҡағиҙә булараҡ, металл химик йәки электролитик ҡайтарыу ысулы ярҙамында алына. Пирометаллургияла руданы металл сеймалына әйлендереү өсөн юғары температура, гирометаллургияла ошо маҡсат өсөн һыу химияһын ҡулланалар. Металдың һәм һәм ҡатнашмалар төрөнә ҡарап ҡайтарыу ысулы һайлана. </p><p>Металл рудаһы металл һәм неметалл иондары ҡушылмаһынан торған осраҡта, таҙа металл алыу өсөн руданы эретәләр — йылытып ҡайтарыу ысулы ҡулланалар. Тимер кеүек киң таралған металдар өсөн <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тимер">Тимер</a>ҡайтарыусы сифатында углерод ҡулланала. Алюмин һәм натрий кеүек ҡайһы бер металдарҙың экономия яғынан нигеҙләнгән ҡайттарыусыһы юҡ, шуға улар элекртолиз ысулы менән алына.<sup id="cite_ref-losal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-losal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Сульфид рудалары таҙа металл алыу алдынан байыталмай, уларҙы оксидҡа әүерелдереү өсөн һауала яндыралар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Металл_үҙенсәлектәре"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.81.D3.99.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Металл үҙенсәлектәре</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Металл үҙенсәлектәре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=4" title="Металл үҙенсәлектәре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Физик_металл_үҙенсәлектәре"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.81.D3.99.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Физик металл үҙенсәлектәре</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Физик металл үҙенсәлектәре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=5" title="Физик металл үҙенсәлектәре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Барлыҡ металдар ҙа (терекөмөш, һәм шартлы рәүештә францийҙан башҡа) нормаль шарттарҙа ҡаты хәлдә булалар, тик ҡатылыҡ күһәткесе төрлөсә була. Түбәнге таблицала Моос шкалаһы буйынса ҡайһы бер металдарҙың ҡатылығы бирелгән. </p> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable sortable" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <caption>Моос шкалаһы буйынса ҡайһы бер металдарҙың ҡатылығы:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Ҡатылыҡ </th> <th>Металл </th></tr> <tr> <td>0.2 </td> <td>Цезий </td></tr> <tr> <td>0.3 </td> <td>Рубидий </td></tr> <tr> <td>0.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий">Калий</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0.5 </td> <td>Натрий </td></tr> <tr> <td>0.6 </td> <td>Литий </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.2 </td> <td>Индий </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.2 </td> <td>Таллий </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.25 </td> <td>Барий </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.5 </td> <td>Стронций </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.5 </td> <td>Галлий </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.5 </td> <td>Ҡурғаш </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.5 </td> <td>Свинец </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.5 </td> <td>Ртуть<sub>(тв.</sub><sub>)</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кальций">Кальций</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кадмий">Кадмий</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.25 </td> <td>Висмут </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.5 </td> <td>Магний </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">Цинк</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.5 </td> <td>Лантан </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%88" title="Көмөш">Көмөш</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын">Алтын</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.59 </td> <td>Иттрий </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Алюминий">Алюминий</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Баҡыр">Баҡыр</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.0 </td> <td>Сурьма </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.0 </td> <td>Торий </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.17 </td> <td>Скандий </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.5 </td> <td>Платина </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.75 </td> <td>Кобальт </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.75 </td> <td>Палладий </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.75 </td> <td>Цирконий </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тимер">Тимер</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0 </td> <td>Никель </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0 </td> <td>Гафний </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец">Марганец</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий">Ванадий</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.5 </td> <td>Молибден </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.5 </td> <td>Родий </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.5 </td> <td>Титан </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.75 </td> <td>Ниобий </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0 </td> <td>Иридий </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0 </td> <td>Рутений </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0 </td> <td>Тантал </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0 </td> <td>Технеций </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0 </td> <td>Хром </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.5 </td> <td>Бериллий </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.5 </td> <td>Осмий </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.5 </td> <td>Рений </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.0 </td> <td>Вольфрам </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.0 </td> <td>β-Уран </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Таҙа металдарҙың иреү температураһы −39 °C -тан(терекөмөш) 3410 °C -ҡа тиклем (вольфрам). Һелтеле металдарҙы иҫәпкә алмағанда, күпселек металдарҙың иреү температураһы юғары, шулай ҙа ҡурғаш һәм аҡ ҡурғаш кеүек «нормаль» металдарҙы ғәҙәти электр һәм газ плитәһендә инетеп була. </p><p>Тығыҙлығына ярашлы рәүештә , металдарғы еңел (тығыҙлығы 0,53 ÷ 5 г/см) һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ауыр металдар">ауыр</a> (5 ÷ 22,5 г/см) металдарға бүләләр. Иң еңел металл булып литий (тығыҙлығы 0.53 г/см) иҫәпләнә. Иң ауыр металды бөгөнгө көндә әйтеп булмай, сөнки иң ауыр металдар осмий һәм иридий тығыҙлығы бер тирәлә (22.6 г/см³ тирәһе — ҡурғаш тығыҙлығынан ике мәртәбә юғарыраҡ), теүәл тығыҙлығын иҫәпләп сығарыу мөмкин түгел: бының өсөн металды таҙартырға кәрәк, теләһә ниндәй өушылмалар уларҙың тығыҙлығын кәметә. </p><p>Күпселек металдар һығылмалы, йәғни металл сымды бөкләп һындырмайынса кире төҙәтеп була. Атомдар бәйләнеше өҙөлмәйенсә ҡатламдар күсә алғанға был үҙенсәлк мөмкин була. Алтын, көмөш һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Баҡыр">баҡыр</a> иң һығылмалы металдар. Алтындан 0.003 мм ҡалынлығындағы фольга эшләргә мөмкин, был әйберҙәргә алтын ялатыу өсөн ҡулланыла. Шулай ҙа бөтә металдар ҙа һығылмалы түгел. Цинктан йәки ҡурғаштан яһалған сым бөкләгән ваҡытта шытырҙай; марганец һәм висьмут деформация ваҡытында бөтөнләй бөгөлмәй һыналар. Һығылмалылыҡ металдың таҙалығына бәйле; таҙа хром һығылмалы, әммә әҙ генә миҡдарҙағы ҡушылмалар менән бысранғанда ла ватылыусан һәм ҡаты була. Алтын, көмөш, ҡурғаш, алюмин, осмий кеүек ҡайһы бер металдар бер береһе менән ҡушылырға мөмкин, тик бының өсөн унар йыллар кәрәк буласаҡ. </p><p>Барлыҡ медалдар ҙа электр тогын яҡшы үткәрә; был кристалл рәшәткәһендә электр ҡыры тәъҫирендә күсеп йөрөүсө ирекле электондар булыуы менән бәйле. Көмөш, баҡыр һәм алюмин иң яҡшы электр үткәргестәр; ошо сәбәпле был ике металдардан электр үткәргес материал итеп файҙаланалар. </p><p>Металдарҙың юғары йылылыҡ үткәүсәнлеге лә күсеп йөрөүсө ирекле электорндар булыуына бәйле. Шуға күрә, йылы үткәреүсәнлек рәте электр үткәреүсәнлек рәтенә оҡшаған, көмөш иң яҡшы электр һәм йылы үткәргес булып тора. </p><p>Иң насар йылы үткәргестәр — висмут һәм терекөмөш. </p><p>Күпселек металдарҙың төҫө бер төрлө — аҡһыл-һоро, бер аҙ зәңгәрерәк. Алтын, баҡыр һәм цезий һары, ҡыҙыл һәм асыҡ-һары төҫтә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Металдарҙың_химик_үҙенсәлектәре"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D1.85.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.81.D3.99.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Металдарҙың химик үҙенсәлектәре</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Металдарҙың химик үҙенсәлектәре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=6" title="Металдарҙың химик үҙенсәлектәре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тышҡы электрон дәрәжәлә ларҙың металл урыны менән электродов (1-3), шуға күрә улар күпселек реакции менән сығыш яһай восстановить (йәғни «бирә» үҙ электроны) </p><p><b>Ябай матдәләр менән реакция<br /></b> <b></b> </p> <ul><li>Барлыҡ металдар, алтын һәм платинанан башҡа, кислород менән реакцияға керә. Көмөш менән реакция юғары температураларҙа үтә, әммә көмөш оксиды (II) тотороҡһоҙ, шуға барлыҡҡа килмәй тиәрлек. Метал төрөнә ҡарап оксидтар, пероксидтар, надпероксидтар барлыҡҡа килеүе мөмкин:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Li+O_{2}=2Li_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">i</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">L</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Li+O_{2}=2Li_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ced02df133e898ba8f8d773b4e23f5603f5003b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.426ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Li+O_{2}=2Li_{2}O}}}"></span> <i>литий оксиды</i></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+O_{2}=Na_{2}O_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+O_{2}=Na_{2}O_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f76ad0be60808f179882ec72c81f17e7337772ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.213ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+O_{2}=Na_{2}O_{2}}}}"></span> нартий <i>пероксиды</i></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {K+O_{2}=KO_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">K</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">K</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {K+O_{2}=KO_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/224bc615938cfbe3d7f67cb161c59ac88da4d218" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.695ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {K+O_{2}=KO_{2}}}}"></span> <i>калия</i> надпероксиды</dd></dl> <p>Пероксидтан метал алыу өсөн пероксидты металл менән ҡайтарылыр: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Na_{2}O_{2}+2Na=2Na_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Na_{2}O_{2}+2Na=2Na_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd7715040e335d5d05466fb9232000ac6c03d9f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.139ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Na_{2}O_{2}+2Na=2Na_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Урта һәм активлыға түбән металдар менән реакция йылытҡанда бара: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Fe+2O_{2}=Fe_{3}O_{4}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Fe+2O_{2}=Fe_{3}O_{4}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a06cbf31e6ae10a1cbea8ddb2c52cd0393877d7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.558ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Fe+2O_{2}=Fe_{3}O_{4}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Hg+O_{2}=2HgO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Hg+O_{2}=2HgO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/129bc2eadcd4603a38ba27c5412024a777ed59f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.355ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Hg+O_{2}=2HgO}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Cu+O_{2}=2CuO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Cu+O_{2}=2CuO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0634dd04e666e85264937827f7b310e6104d6f41" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.114ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Cu+O_{2}=2CuO}}}"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Азот менән тик актив металдар ғына реакцияға инә, бүлмә температураһында литий менән тәъҫир итешеп нитрид барлыҡҡа килтерә:</li></ul> <p>Йылытҡанда: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Al+N_{2}=2AlN}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Al+N_{2}=2AlN}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f09efa8526304e8f6b865d2b0f181dcd2d74756" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.822ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Al+N_{2}=2AlN}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Ca+N_{2}=Ca_{3}N_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Ca+N_{2}=Ca_{3}N_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dae9d99605ca7280d2e5b47334e2c0f8739e0e3d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.762ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Ca+N_{2}=Ca_{3}N_{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Йылытҡанда тимер көкөрт менән сульфид барлыҡҡа килтерә: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe+S=FeS}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe+S=FeS}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/858e9c05bd92ebf184b66f7e95bd8afc07010306" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.234ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe+S=FeS}}}"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Водород менән тик актив металдар тәьҫир итешәләр, йәғни бериллийҙан башҡа IA һәм IIA төркөмө металдары. Реакция юғары температурала башҡарыла һәм гидридтар барлыҡҡа килә. Ракцияла металл ҡайтарыусы булып ҡатнаша:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+H_{2}=2NaH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+H_{2}=2NaH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0770b0eb150092690849db989b7b124a9a28f819" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.137ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+H_{2}=2NaH}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+H_{2}=MgH_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+H_{2}=MgH_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f441799b99ccaaf3238f27e1ea48b6a03368fe43" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.73ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+H_{2}=MgH_{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Углерод менән тик актив металдар реакцияға инә. Ацетиленид һәм метанидтар барлыҡҡа килә. Ацетиленидтар һыу менән реакцияға кергәндә ацетилен барлыҡҡа килтерә, метанидтар һыу барлыҡҡа килтерә.</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+2C=Na_{2}C_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+2C=Na_{2}C_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f8f55474c1a976c0afc76700b190f86b34d4497b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.871ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Na+2C=Na_{2}C_{2}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Na_{2}C_{2}+2H_{2}O=2NaOH+C_{2}H_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Na_{2}C_{2}+2H_{2}O=2NaOH+C_{2}H_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/927a41d0f79ddd65b6b9f249aec94802af7baa0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:33.232ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Na_{2}C_{2}+2H_{2}O=2NaOH+C_{2}H_{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Кислоталар_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итешеүе"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D1.82.D3.99.D1.8C.D2.AB.D0.B8.D1.80_.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.B5.D2.AF.D0.B5"></span>Кислоталар менән металдар тәьҫир итешеүе</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Кислоталар менән металдар тәьҫир итешеүе бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=7" title="Кислоталар менән металдар тәьҫир итешеүе бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Кислоталар менән металдар төрлөсә тәьҫир итешә. Металдарҙың электрохимик активлығы рәтендә (ЭРАМ) водородҡа тиклем торған металдар бөтә кислоталар менән тәьҫир итешәләр. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Металдарҙың_электрохимик_активлығында_водородҡа_тиклем_торған_металдар_кислоталар_менән_тәьҫир_итеүе"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D1.8D.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.85.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BB.D1.8B.D2.93.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D2.A1.D0.B0_.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BC_.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BD_.D1.82.D3.99.D1.8C.D2.AB.D0.B8.D1.80_.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF.D0.B5"></span>Металдарҙың электрохимик активлығында водородҡа тиклем торған металдар кислоталар менән тәьҫир итеүе</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Металдарҙың электрохимик активлығында водородҡа тиклем торған металдар кислоталар менән тәьҫир итеүе бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=8" title="Металдарҙың электрохимик активлығында водородҡа тиклем торған металдар кислоталар менән тәьҫир итеүе бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Окислау-ҡайтарыу реакцияһы, шулай уҡ ҡайтарыу реакцияһы: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+2HCl=MgCl_{2}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+2HCl=MgCl_{2}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0f7c9ed647bef693f3797cc32a11f9fc13247a07" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:27.624ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+2HCl=MgCl_{2}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Al+2H_{3}PO_{4}=2AlPO_{4}+3H_{2}\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">P</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">P</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Al+2H_{3}PO_{4}=2AlPO_{4}+3H_{2}\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7235ba78d639b09441c1f8b22cef0d5eb82dd380" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:33.35ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Al+2H_{3}PO_{4}=2AlPO_{4}+3H_{2}\uparrow }}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ҡуйыртылған_көкөрт_кислотаһы_H2SO4_менән_металдар_тәьҫир_итерешеүе"><span id=".D2.A0.D1.83.D0.B9.D1.8B.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BB.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.BA.D3.A9.D1.80.D1.82_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B_H2SO4_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D1.82.D3.99.D1.8C.D2.AB.D0.B8.D1.80_.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.B5.D2.AF.D0.B5"></span>Ҡуйыртылған көкөрт кислотаһы H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> менән металдар тәьҫир итерешеүе</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Ҡуйыртылған көкөрт кислотаһы H2SO4 менән металдар тәьҫир итерешеүе бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=9" title="Ҡуйыртылған көкөрт кислотаһы H2SO4 менән металдар тәьҫир итерешеүе бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Окислаусы кислоталар ЭРАМ-да водородтан һуң килгән металдар менән тәьҫир итешә: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Cu+2H_{2}SO_{4}=CuSO_{4}+SO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Cu+2H_{2}SO_{4}=CuSO_{4}+SO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/04877ee60da61a1bef1704f2234548f898e6110d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:40.022ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Cu+2H_{2}SO_{4}=CuSO_{4}+SO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Шыйыҡландырылған кислота металдар менән түбәндәге схема буйынса тәьҫир итә: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4848ee2e5957e1c637ece24956e5ae53e6142a90" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:30.493ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Кислотаның концентрацияһын арттырған осраҡта төрлө продукттар барлыҡҡа килә: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+2H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+SO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+2H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+SO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bc441fcffbfcdc87d4894141d92fc5e835bbf091" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:41.039ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Mg+2H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+SO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Mg+4H_{2}SO_{4}=3MgSO_{4}+S\downarrow +4H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↓</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Mg+4H_{2}SO_{4}=3MgSO_{4}+S\downarrow +4H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5b237fa4f4c06ee326021bbf869267691e09831" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:40.599ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Mg+4H_{2}SO_{4}=3MgSO_{4}+S\downarrow +4H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Mg+5H_{2}SO_{4}=4MgSO_{4}+H_{2}S\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">5</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Mg+5H_{2}SO_{4}=4MgSO_{4}+H_{2}S\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/55b4f1711e27fd04f1a7d47a9028ef511e0dfd1e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:43.299ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Mg+5H_{2}SO_{4}=4MgSO_{4}+H_{2}S\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Азот_кислотаһы_менән_реакция_(HNO3)"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.82_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BD_.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F_.28HNO3.29"></span>Азот кислотаһы менән реакция (HNO<sub>3</sub>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Азот кислотаһы менән реакция (HNO3) бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=10" title="Азот кислотаһы менән реакция (HNO3) бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Cu+4HNO_{3}(60\%)=Cu(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">60</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">%</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Cu+4HNO_{3}(60\%)=Cu(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/133211a75864718f14059e2df63a7709262aa1e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:50.123ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Cu+4HNO_{3}(60\%)=Cu(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Cu+8HNO_{3}(30\%)=3Cu(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">8</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">30</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">%</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Cu+8HNO_{3}(30\%)=3Cu(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8d70119f431fd75e3b212c783d37b5f7b48647f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:51.393ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Cu+8HNO_{3}(30\%)=3Cu(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Актив металдар менән тәьҫир итешкәндә реакция варианттары куберәк була: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Zn+4HNO_{3}(60\%)=Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">60</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">%</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Zn+4HNO_{3}(60\%)=Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/534dd22c6ad718f0458fe20236e165c98016914f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:49.993ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Zn+4HNO_{3}(60\%)=Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO_{2}\uparrow +2H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Zn+8HNO_{3}(30\%)=3Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">8</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">30</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">%</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Zn+8HNO_{3}(30\%)=3Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3caacc45cf808ddfb0aba8b27f63ee62678c65d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:51.263ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {3Zn+8HNO_{3}(30\%)=3Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Zn+10HNO_{3}(20\%)=4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+N_{2}O\uparrow +5H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">10</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">20</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">%</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">5</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Zn+10HNO_{3}(20\%)=4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+N_{2}O\uparrow +5H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32365e3c59b4c395b269bd527facabecd67c373b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:52.318ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {4Zn+10HNO_{3}(20\%)=4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+N_{2}O\uparrow +5H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {5Zn+12HNO_{3}(10\%)=5Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+N_{2}\uparrow +6H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">5</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">12</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">10</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">%</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">5</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">6</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {5Zn+12HNO_{3}(10\%)=5Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+N_{2}\uparrow +6H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b77e66ee3ded25ea5aa39522ba526f314763fd4d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:50.607ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {5Zn+12HNO_{3}(10\%)=5Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+N_{2}\uparrow +6H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~{\mathsf {4Zn+10HNO_{3}(3\%)=4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+NH_{4}NO_{3}+3H_{2}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">10</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">%</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">=</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Z</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">n</mi> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif" stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~{\mathsf {4Zn+10HNO_{3}(3\%)=4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+NH_{4}NO_{3}+3H_{2}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9bbc901ddcc1b7a6209e42eaa3bb8c57818fbcf3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:54.661ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~{\mathsf {4Zn+10HNO_{3}(3\%)=4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+NH_{4}NO_{3}+3H_{2}O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&section=11" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Строго говоря из-за амфотерности химических свойств полуметаллы (металлоиды) представляют собой обособленную группу, не относясь ни к металлам, ни к неметаллам; К группе металлов их можно отнести лишь условно.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Юрий Кукшкин.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-losal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-losal_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-losal_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span> </span>(англ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Поваренных А. С.</i> Твердость минералов. — АН УССР, 1963. — С. 197—208. — 304 с.</span></span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Металдар&oldid=863976">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Металдар&oldid=863976</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Махсус:Категориялар">Категориялар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Категория:Химик элементтар бүлектәре">Химик элементтар бүлектәре</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Категория:Металдар">Металдар</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Был бит һуңғы тапҡыр 17:11 3 февраль 2019 үҙгәртелгән.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> буйынса рөхсәт ителгән; өҫтәмә шарттар ҡулланылыуы мөмкин. 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