CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91341484fcffd083',cH: '6Xs4nep4NegnSZod.QIR_zQOuxNftLbu6STp7c3FUQQ-1739777511-1.2.1.1-Uu3C7BalwnE5PkcP_bqWH.sOr388asdZK8K7hYwpxRu3MFCVQzwIjquzsuzMsNyt',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/194659\/impact-of-food-security-on-urban-development-a-case-study-of-adama-city-ethiopia?__cf_chl_tk=Cv.5Ag9R3C8V5ZJkgWPqsd16msYj2cHxz9i0Hk5JLzE-1739777511-1.0.1.1-yMEzHJXhR1X6q8t8QPJyXALi7YNXI7UBgjRvokS3p_c",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777511',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/194659\/impact-of-food-security-on-urban-development-a-case-study-of-adama-city-ethiopia?__cf_chl_f_tk=Cv.5Ag9R3C8V5ZJkgWPqsd16msYj2cHxz9i0Hk5JLzE-1739777511-1.0.1.1-yMEzHJXhR1X6q8t8QPJyXALi7YNXI7UBgjRvokS3p_c",md: "5rCjbg8XYo2NJiT21AhF4Qbc2Xt_mLGL3v_G.DSxBvo-1739777511-1.2.1.1-yWSC7aqHXcCF9ExYhMOTFcOf4kJ6RFnmAd_n17obz5xKGWJLCRcW4p3KN83ZIiWmCby1EjLPh7CTZ0uZePbFVUPhmHIdi2sNsB74iPykaLb8_UZSOOohKsYbD4vEyQkNTy.pQH6jkgXt2yYjWWIEspeX3opRQ_NwYnuyLuJRPNaIbteb5D7LXXqVjD_jsJjZg3kGlYlouSHQ9yCg0ssjJn2hmPh.md41WrqPM2V1g61vUvectyUKKRiURDdI8iyUTDu0WUkp_IorPi0U9.yAR3XE3v9yfbJVqdjR7sHbHf2NgSdGnOM6oIBRoDiOsfWE3IiN_34Zq2uP0.hyARfU.vJc2vEaX4GoRnz9rzhdQ.giIvLM4hBfBp2h.fi37UZPjV3aBcS88RZJxX3h6WwSzDuCnQv.SEmN4xTubUIfraPabtIzGD0j7MwLu96.wa7HfkTpSpOeL5v5TIx2yH4FUHRU4BPc1dLqiQzWmUHWZPjqbleVHoMpafzEF_MmupykZCKEGzJErS9.g0sO_d0bIc5xkz.HytgNr.SI9M4DWoJbOB3BXF2sXq15ur3ttgwBCEzrwlvWR0oCCiG6HipW3himmphSMDsiKNWNBsTpAGcTze4PVVkpnkRbJq5ZmH0iyO3EaiP3NMOpXZOAbScNrlmd._PHZ69smsusXjQLJXPXDU2X93mCBrq7Sp0M2lf5zYBkzh7VXFnMsleH6xQnejhA079Pnl3kZ7bTt3gpuvWkL4XSa62CiIjNEEoIeBbvEdQORpAlleKplMN7wWq2Fe9aYyuM9hvdvCiC1rolZvsBvD6gJUsTQA9LkXlhj6yhUmFp.QSwMfOFyiw_jZm3Ue9wm5v3TezUEuCSTiX9DpMfB.g7_etezNtq5LjQAYrnqH.jCMUfUmEJv_DAI.gf1gPB0F5ZOpYihCa.4I6F8T_DfkYq9jNjyVWprecTQfo0HYqBk2DS31mbtTzhR3qR8OE3.BMn.AT2mGiX2uj7BMG2pl.xphU4_1jpvU8OrlGwBV36FtnyS3GolOGcWk1kcbdGmFbEmv4rSyoiCmnaqNFrUdoLdXjBBA1q6Emyjf9lIPsnkzy0M6F9zHaCz9gbn_oGpKsi.ItlzqdJ5j.FrBI.Qu45va03hJIdvjfD2R3YDTdyAv0AYYRJzJTQ2jQp75R_p73ETkud0RccK1s9SVysph6ErKdDkPwR_p_vo364smf9vCq.A9jc0lEPZrEPjajciGYVqW2g37r4KfG0.evtY4Y7nOpdW4Nh1QAerVK4XWoPdEHudd2o6gHvpzeB3qudnra2OUKLUbWmB3JP_08QoeGx2iaVqjRgOxEAXFFYY4YGP_.ArwHLiCo32p.FyXIhcntBFRloChwfVSUf7AfV_3TOveQy7AlR2vqTV5Mh2yVf.S7JR96YY4enu6F9KnX9qkW07zygSxE0fRshOoU4I6VAylSQz_o3tPODltj4I5zuLzzBs4MKeTd_M_hSlUP.wCSBeyhYTMv9TeoL3_fYDMVYz3ytZXa_Z1mkNh40j4nexINR4l7MiQ6vlgdIr5nIudL63y1TfM80mR.ZIZM79zwccxoaLAxAC2.cvksOsU0IY1SXRZxUkXmadMOZjxvwfJS3jYo06A8KRPE3LQ_LjSZMVXnibjU86yEHtVHplpvndOJlimJkEaABbBh0qiS8YRf1aVLkBplZh6vQSAYOJjMKU.VzD6XTyhGKzcFZlDHDTGmujFsxt0GCds7sxTolXUtRrWFSGmzB9ZTy__29b6yOaZDsXefGRXqcccFWs02KnAz712QHarXJ16gaDQ5gUXVnQm8P6KKD8Q7ULOj00hyE4E8K5gNYiKRgwgQc9.aqPQiGxvKiMRLWQW4MF9boZsZdjjJFuuZMQuEptWdEnOCIvtz5g0r3y0lG65_7Zab9XhrdBKXLIhwta4gK9weXkJhsGhJiwfMDOYP.JZ16uUQ0wv.fzZ5bU28Gw0spnRdEFex_QYzXZ6lFx9YoP03WukQL3QvGPPz9bDmFv5chlDrLxVso_rKjP.jbZ_lM5Yq8cJtMyU1bWjHS29Sb92mNlhsRAJtLEdsBC8jCHp6CnVJD9bWU8IkESyldtOjr0oxjXJyhQ8prNjjoEYLBCg",mdrd: "y0LYTwSIPtt2JuCWprFfOkcWMPFsDSiTwwqNAmIAcZQ-1739777511-1.2.1.1-je_i6TwV9XNh_aTcSqxbxX9H_jehhl4vbglMJF9KG7pRBqpcCbekEs2GcuiH2rQnoBODNNfL6LgOh6GeY1X1RHIj0l0gRdQAwEfBHDlYyA9KBhLLTVkmbKERCmZKWwTfYyXcptpxxt.wmBTLWxSzxARTaWaeltLU26UIwxHun9WDtqGV0fiQ0rn_CePSEZqY4jwqxVaS8tBdaohAD3ig07J_acFqsC1BbJKxxEg39txGjHBR0KHmOZBMcG7VFF_4PoqDbIbDAnX6ny_UPuqD._LjJRtdRI8BHt0Ljp9laQqIOIMVvT1VLjrG8WWNgEZqGpiSm.m_h.zsi5TP9tEX3uHViEPuT64EY2kMkOYEP1jQPyCTNBBq6V1BSYibRAAozb7BkBmY4edEgahNF17ydcUtsXDvl0kiOC7pIoe5NGY8DaKo0IZTJUswoYdXIdcAtWwsOOWGlZfg27NuJKRtQm72qZAXAKYRVUjGfkBVs9Czu84V8IR3OkzLCU5zcAaMKl14omgqMLa9pc1GaLI_Y1EHH.X45tXB2BLll9UkOldOR59aZ8z.ftF3SHzooDYYwvv_HS94Liw1bbUyGIbpG69IT49MzfR8wzVAZ4Vb_qHu3xkc3Z9.7tv6W8.Le3nL4RlHjfMXNZzqjnojkhXt4AV7HQXglz0dwn6k.rZCHvnf3bq8wqlqtyE7xHlz7mksnASP8XtwNN97dXkpoMpOs1v7U_KuNAT2Yj6bGS1fmGbQwOvp3SnzBpc4yGVFpYKUSpiHJSBDzVDpSMo0EpaTfSZs59JSGt5H4ucBQ7QVWsUtxshQ6Ee0gqeO09dz4wK4qDznL613LV4n3Lj4Ok_qfL7Uij7FRzW1hlfwuuCNDohGh_p9dAh4ntXeUJNnG6OMSd3bRkKb2gtq0bfiAPOI0LcyDe5iIKi5uLLUFn5bR07qhDFAg5lOwfhCNIjAWZg09xchEvmUI8iQF4uG.pD0_wZOeI_zr01au1z5XkI1D2B8L9gAS6dQUKfVjtiPKulPyXrdLs1WVKFFMBUmYyt0y_fdrRBytG93_aPsMPtP9fj4RNwrjNNhOaRMwNiCidrikQmVLw0I0pbhb28BZoK8w3Cu9Z3LRywGrbsssgiT33i9Q_zCd.3rlqECZJ.UVno2nXjk7XFlads2cu_QdVXbylndxAXa9N1OG0OUpoI8z4IYkJHfbIZTnNdTqoUcHlAYFFifM5w03VxUkQP74Wf8MeeScjYA1Cmg8_l1MwQDviGZbHjCQQtZV8JgGId9Godzsn9XWgqJAp81RH6Hq.LbKjmmTLLxafD1C106Fpzvlor66t7k_xyYoDU7tEA8Tb_9O_M.MbAxfG7f9qAgJ8Nio3h7Uee5TXFDOYaVnGiacAvZrRyJzmInNlC3lMWuW3r33ZgUb128Yco0e70gyMZmnI7Z.7lvCakDmcuA7o2eqjikCQbUp8PXrTr3tupfgY2BI0kDRV4XDcR_MwhHM7rN470zQRKXrLrxnGk.hN955T7ZDh8LdLkLcoXa4Z_p1KP0VjIVVSfjELV1SEVjnIL256hbjtfrUaejtm_kT5skdWvaLdBlzAfGXtY.FRDmXVCVWgfKuiETj7eyRF_N8tCQ1MKdeRR_MlHxGERQJfidn1Y8_RO.NPvE.913mg.CKODRR.gsHq6aEzT3vyHTFkte2rWjqViC1_2dqREV6OzB_9MUIVD01Zo4IVZ5VFKH5_CIfWC6K1n5rr1AY985_HE1wyXARem49lnN2rblYAnDz5dkVbtqFHNu80rQZceqNrYdN3tYDq5Pyt0s7HgpcXXAl_zh5EknfuRaCDtgZhCR0TT4A8OFkepJj53A6QNQdIxUmai5.RQfLd6dcP3yzBJakoL_rfa40KGhuYUvYPvXuY.y8eMao_bjfribDLEiT9xXnbLm.6PS93vPcd3Leku.Z6LHGGnDmDcIdjDP4sweKByk3jKHGKyVZinU09uBjao8"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91341484fcffd083';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/194659\/impact-of-food-security-on-urban-development-a-case-study-of-adama-city-ethiopia?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Cv.5Ag9R3C8V5ZJkgWPqsd16msYj2cHxz9i0Hk5JLzE-1739777511-1.0.1.1-yMEzHJXhR1X6q8t8QPJyXALi7YNXI7UBgjRvokS3p_c" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>