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Bermúdez</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: A. Bermúdez"> <meta name="keywords" content="A. Bermúdez"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="A. 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Bermúdez"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 18</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: A. Bermúdez</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Innovation Environments: A Comparison between Mexico and BRICS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pe%C3%B1a%20Aguilar%20Juan%20M.">Peña Aguilar Juan M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arriaga%20Barrera%20H."> Arriaga Barrera H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vel%C3%A1zquez%20Alejos%20Miguel"> Velázquez Alejos Miguel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Genis%20Ernesto"> Genis Ernesto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valencia%20P%C3%A9rez%20L.%20R."> Valencia Pérez L. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berm%C3%BAdez%20Pe%C3%B1a%20M.%20Carmen"> Bermúdez Peña M. Carmen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To give a general view of the innovation environments is the aim of this paper, we pretend to make an analysis between Mexico and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa- countries belonging to the group of five major emerging economies). The comparison takes by reference a set of various indicators that directly or indirectly affect innovation in a positive or negative way. Firstly, a research to obtain the values of each of the indicators was conducted, considering the main primary sources, then, within a set of radial charts is presented the resulting values of each nation and a comparison between them. Finally, a description of the gaps between Mexico and the BRICS were established, including the areas of opportunity for Mexico <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triple%20helix" title=" triple helix"> triple helix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mexico%20and%20BRICS" title=" Mexico and BRICS"> Mexico and BRICS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52646/innovation-environments-a-comparison-between-mexico-and-brics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Preliminary Study of Standardization and Validation of Micronuclei Technique to Assess the DNA Damages Cause for the X-Rays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20J.%20D%C3%ADaz">L. J. Díaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hern%C3%A1ndez"> M. A. Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Molina"> A. K. Molina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Berm%C3%BAdez"> A. Bermúdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Crane"> C. Crane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20M.%20Pab%C3%B3n"> V. M. Pabón</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important biological indicators that show the exposure to the radiation is the micronuclei (MN). This technique is using to determinate the radiation effects in blood cultures as a biological control and a complement to the physics dosimetry. In Colombia the necessity to apply this analysis has emerged due to the current biological indicator most used is the chromosomal aberrations (CA), that is why it is essential the MN technique’s standardization and validation to have enough tools to improve the radioprotection topic in the country. Besides, this technique will be applied on the construction of a dose-response curve, that allow measure an approximately dose to irradiated people according to MN frequency found. Inside the steps that carried out to accomplish the standardization and validation is the statistic analysis from the lectures of “in vitro” peripheral blood cultures with different analysts, also it was determinate the best culture medium and conditions for the MN can be detected easily. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronuclei" title="micronuclei">micronuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioprotection" title=" radioprotection"> radioprotection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16835/preliminary-study-of-standardization-and-validation-of-micronuclei-technique-to-assess-the-dna-damages-cause-for-the-x-rays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Understanding and Enhancing Ecotourism Opportunities through Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Iakovoglou">V. Iakovoglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Zaimes"> G. N. Zaimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Arraiza%20Berm%C3%BAdez-Ca%C3%B1ete"> M. P. Arraiza Bermúdez-Cañete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Garc%C3%ADa"> J. L. García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Gim%C3%A9nez"> M. C. Giménez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Calder%C3%B3n-Guerrero"> C. Calderón-Guerrero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ioras"> F. Ioras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Abrudan"> I. Abrudan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new fast growing trend in tourism is ecotourism, in which tourists visit natural ecosystems under low impact, non-consumptive and locally oriented activities. Through these activities species and habitats are maintained and typically, underdeveloped regions are emphasized. Ecotourism provides a great alternative, especially for rural and undeveloped area. At the same time, despite its many benefits, it also poses many risks for the naturally protected areas. If ecotourism is practiced improperly degradation and irreversible damages could be the unwanted result. In addition, the lack of MSc programs in the field of Ecotourism in Europe makes it a necessity to be developed. Such an MSc program is being implemented with the lead partner the Technical University of Madrid. The entire partnership has six Universities, seven SMEs and one National Park from seven different countries all over Europe. The MSc will have 10 educational modules that will be available online and will prepare professionals that will be able to implement ecotourism in a sustainable way. Only through awareness and education a sustainable ecotourism will be achieved in the protected areas of Europe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERASMUS" title="ERASMUS">ERASMUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSc%20program" title=" MSc program"> MSc program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20Areas" title=" protected Areas"> protected Areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33488/understanding-and-enhancing-ecotourism-opportunities-through-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Assessment of the Impact of Traffic Safety Policy in Barcelona, 2010-2019</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Llu%C3%ADs%20Berm%C3%BAdez">Lluís Bermúdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20%20Morillo"> Isabel Morillo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road safety involves carrying out a determined and explicit policy to reduce accidents. In the city of Barcelona, through the Local Road Safety Plan 2013-2018, in line with the framework that has been established at the European and state level, a series of preventive, corrective and technical measures are specified, with the priority objective of reducing the number of serious injuries and fatalities. In this work, based on the data from the accidents managed by the local police during the period 2010-2019, an analysis is carried out to verify whether the measures established in the Plan to reduce the accident rate have had an effect or not and to what extent. The analysis focuses on the type of accident and the type of vehicles involved. Different count regression models have been fitted, from which it can be deduced that the number of serious and fatal victims of the accidents that have occurred in the city of Barcelona has been reduced as the measures approved by the authorities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident%20reduction" title="accident reduction">accident reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=count%20regression%20models" title=" count regression models"> count regression models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20traffic" title=" urban traffic"> urban traffic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148201/assessment-of-the-impact-of-traffic-safety-policy-in-barcelona-2010-2019" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Kinetic Study of the Esterification of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Salmon Oil (Salmosalar L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Luis%20Lima%20de%20Oliveira">André Luis Lima de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20L%C3%BAcia%20Viana%20do%20Nascimento"> Vera Lúcia Viana do Nascimento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vict%C3%B3ria%20Maura%20Silva%20Bermudez">Victória Maura Silva Bermudez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20Nunes%20Kleinberg"> Mauricio Nunes Kleinberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Carlos%20da%20Costa%20Assun%C3%A7%C3%A3o"> João Carlos da Costa Assunção</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Osvaldo%20Beserra%20Carioca"> José Osvaldo Beserra Carioca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to synthesize a triglyceride with high content of unsaturated fatty acids from salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) by esterification with glycerol catalyzed dealuminized zeolite. A kinetic study was conducted to determine the reaction order and the activation energy. A statistical study was conducted to determine optimal reaction conditions. Initially, the crude oil was refined salmon physically and chemically. The crude oil was hydrolyzed and unsaturated free fatty acids were separated by urea complexation method. An experimental project to verify the parameters (temperature, glycerin and catalyst) with the greatest impact on the reaction was developed. In experiments aliquots were taken at predetermined times to measure the amount of free fatty acids. Pareto, surface, contour and hub graphs were used to determine the factors that maximized the reaction. According to the graphs the best reaction conditions were: temperature 80 ° C, the proportion glycerine/oil 5: 1 and 1% of catalyst. The kinetic data showed that the system was compatible with a second-order reaction. After analyzing the rate constant versus temperature charts a value of 85.31 kJ/mol was obtained for the reaction activation energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title="esterification">esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinect" title=" kinect"> kinect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salmon" title=" salmon"> salmon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21393/kinetic-study-of-the-esterification-of-unsaturated-fatty-acids-from-salmon-oil-salmosalar-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> A Bayesian Hierarchical Poisson Model with an Underlying Cluster Structure for the Analysis of Measles in Colombia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Corberan-Vallet">Ana Corberan-Vallet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20C.%20Florez"> Karen C. Florez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingrid%20C.%20Marino"> Ingrid C. Marino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20D.%20Bermudez"> Jose D. Bermudez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2016, the Region of the Americas was declared free of measles, a viral disease that can cause severe health problems. However, since 2017, measles has reemerged in Venezuela and has subsequently reached neighboring countries. In 2018, twelve American countries reported confirmed cases of measles. Governmental and health authorities in Colombia, a country that shares the longest land boundary with Venezuela, are aware of the need for a strong response to restrict the expanse of the epidemic. In this work, we apply a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model with an underlying cluster structure to describe disease incidence in Colombia. Concretely, the proposed methodology provides relative risk estimates at the department level and identifies clusters of disease, which facilitates the implementation of targeted public health interventions. Socio-demographic factors, such as the percentage of migrants, gross domestic product, and entry routes, are included in the model to better describe the incidence of disease. Since the model does not impose any spatial correlation at any level of the model hierarchy, it avoids the spatial confounding problem and provides a suitable framework to estimate the fixed-effect coefficients associated with spatially-structured covariates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20analysis" title="Bayesian analysis">Bayesian analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20identification" title=" cluster identification"> cluster identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20mapping" title=" disease mapping"> disease mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20estimation" title=" risk estimation"> risk estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115292/a-bayesian-hierarchical-poisson-model-with-an-underlying-cluster-structure-for-the-analysis-of-measles-in-colombia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Design and Construction of a Device to Facilitate the Stretching of a Plantiflexors Muscles in the Therapy of Rehabilitation for Patients with Spastic Hemiplegia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathalia%20Andrea%20Calderon%20Lesmes">Nathalia Andrea Calderon Lesmes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Barragan%20Parada"> Eduardo Barragan Parada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Fernando%20Villegas%20Bermudez"> Diego Fernando Villegas Bermudez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spasticity in the plantiflexor muscles as a product of stroke (CVA-Cerebrovascular accident) restricts the mobility and independence of the affected people. Commonly, physiotherapists are in charge of manually performing the rehabilitation therapy known as Sustained Mechanical Stretching, rotating the affected foot of the patient in the sagittal plane. However, this causes a physical wear on the professional because it is a fatiguing movement. In this article, a mechanical device is developed to implement this rehabilitation therapy more efficiently. The device consists of a worm-crown mechanism that is driven by a crank to gradually rotate a platform in the sagittal plane of the affected foot, in order to achieve dorsiflexion. The device has a range of sagittal rotation up to 150° and has velcro located on the footplate that secures the foot. The design of this device was modeled by using CAD software and was checked structurally with a general purpose finite element software to be sure that the device is safe for human use. As a measurement system, a goniometer is used in the lateral part of the device and load cells are used to measure the force in order to determine the opposing torque exerted by the muscle. Load cells sensitivity is 1.8 ± 0.002 and has a repeatability of 0.03. Validation of the effectiveness of the device is measured by reducing the opposition torque and increasing mobility for a given patient. In this way, with a more efficient therapy, an improvement in the recovery of the patient's mobility and therefore in their quality of life can be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title="biomechanics">biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20device" title=" mechanical device"> mechanical device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantiflexor%20muscles" title=" plantiflexor muscles"> plantiflexor muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spastic%20hemiplegia" title=" spastic hemiplegia"> spastic hemiplegia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustained%20mechanical%20stretching" title=" sustained mechanical stretching"> sustained mechanical stretching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92967/design-and-construction-of-a-device-to-facilitate-the-stretching-of-a-plantiflexors-muscles-in-the-therapy-of-rehabilitation-for-patients-with-spastic-hemiplegia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Solid State Fermentation Process Development for Trichoderma asperellum Using Inert Support in a Fixed Bed Fermenter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20Cruz">Mauricio Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9s%20D%C3%ADaz%20Garc%C3%ADa"> Andrés Díaz García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martha%20Isabel%20G%C3%B3mez"> Martha Isabel Gómez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Serrato%20Berm%C3%BAdez"> Juan Carlos Serrato Bermúdez </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The disadvantages of using natural substrates in SSF processes have been well recognized and mainly are associated to gradual decomposition of the substrate, formation of agglomerates and decrease of porosity bed generating limitations in the mass and heat transfer. Additionally, in several cases, materials with a high agricultural value such as sour milk, beets, rice, beans and corn have been used. Thus, the use of economic inert supports (natural or synthetic) in combination with a nutrient suspension for the production of biocontrol microorganisms is a good alternative in SSF processes, but requires further studies in the fields of modeling and optimization. Therefore, the aim of this work is to compare the performance of two inert supports, a synthetic (polyurethane foam) and a natural one (rice husk), identifying the factors that have the major effects on the productivity of T. asperellum Th204 and the maximum specific growth rate in a PROPHYTA L05® fixed bed bioreactor. For this, the six factors C:N ratio, temperature, inoculation rate, bed height, air moisture content and airflow were evaluated using a fractional design. The factors C:N and air flow were identified as significant on the productivity (expressed as conidia/dry substrate•h). The polyurethane foam showed higher maximum specific growth rate (0.1631 h-1) and productivities of 3.89 x107 conidia/dry substrate•h compared to rice husk (2.83x106) and natural substrate based on rice (8.87x106) used as control. Finally, a quadratic model was generated and validated, obtaining productivities higher than 3.0x107 conidia/dry substrate•h with air flow at 0.9 m3/h and C:N ratio at 18.1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioprocess" title="bioprocess">bioprocess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20up" title=" scale up"> scale up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20design" title=" fractional design"> fractional design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%3AN%20ratio" title=" C:N ratio"> C:N ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20flow" title=" air flow"> air flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13182/solid-state-fermentation-process-development-for-trichoderma-asperellum-using-inert-support-in-a-fixed-bed-fermenter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Galvanized Steel by Sintering Zinc Nanopowder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Javier%20Montes%20Ruiz-Cabello">Francisco Javier Montes Ruiz-Cabello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guillermo%20Guerrero-Vacas"> Guillermo Guerrero-Vacas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Bermudez-Romero"> Sara Bermudez-Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Cabrerizo%20Vilchez"> Miguel Cabrerizo Vilchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Angel%20Rodriguez-Valverde"> Miguel Angel Rodriguez-Valverde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Galvanized steel is one of the widespread metallic materials used in industry. It consists on a iron-based alloy (steel) coated with a layer of zinc with variable thickness. The zinc is aimed to prevent the inner steel from corrosion and staining. Its production is cheaper than the stainless steel and this is the reason why it is employed in the construction of materials with large dimensions in aeronautics, urban/ industrial edification or ski-resorts. In all these applications, turning the natural hydrophilicity of the metal surface into superhydrophobicity is particularly interesting and would open a wide variety of additional functionalities. However, producing a superhydrophobic surface on galvanized steel may be a very difficult task. Superhydrophobic surfaces are characterized by a specific surface texture which is reached either by coating the surface with a material that incorporates such texture, or by conducting several roughening methods. Since galvanized steel is already a coated material, the incorporation of a second coating may be undesired. On the other hand, the methods that are recurrently used to incorporate the surface texture leading to superhydrophobicity in metals are aggressive and may damage their surface. In this work, we used a novel strategy which goal is to produce superhydrophobic galvanized steel by a two-step non-aggressive process. The first process is aimed to create a hierarchical structure by incorporating zinc nanoparticles sintered on the surface at a temperature slightly lower than the zinc’s melting point. The second one is a hydrophobization by a thick fluoropolymer layer deposition. The wettability of the samples is characterized in terms of tilting plate and bouncing drop experiments, while the roughness is analyzed by confocal microscopy. The durability of the produced surfaces was also explored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galvanaized%20steel" title="galvanaized steel">galvanaized steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superhydrophobic%20surfaces" title=" superhydrophobic surfaces"> superhydrophobic surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering%20nanoparticles" title=" sintering nanoparticles"> sintering nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20nanopowder" title=" zinc nanopowder"> zinc nanopowder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124318/fabrication-of-superhydrophobic-galvanized-steel-by-sintering-zinc-nanopowder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Influence of Shading on a BIPV System’s Performance in an Urban Context: Case Study of BIPV Systems of the Science Center of Complexity Building of the National and Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viridiana%20Edith%20Ardura%20Perea">Viridiana Edith Ardura Perea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Luis%20Berm%C3%BAdez%20Alcocer"> José Luis Bermúdez Alcocer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to establish the influence of shading on a Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system´s performance in an urban context. The PV systems of the Science Center of Complexity (Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad) Building based in the Main Campus of the National and Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City was taken as case study.  The PV systems are placed on the rooftop and on the south façade of the building.  The south-façade PV system, operating as sunshades, consists of two strings:  one at the ground floor and the other one at the first floor.  According to the building’s facility manager, the south-façade PV system generates 42% less electricity per kilowatt peak (kWp) installed than the one on the roof.  The methods applied in this study were Solar Radiation Analysis (SRA) simulations performed with the Insight 360 Plug-in from Revit 2018<sup>®</sup> and an on-site measurement using specialized tools.  The results of the SRA simulations showed that the shading casted by the PV system placed on the first floor on top of the PV system of the ground floor decreases its solar incident radiation over 50%.  The simulation outcome was compared and validated to the measured data obtained from the on-site measurement.  In conclusion, the loss factor achieved from the shading of the PVs is due to the surroundings and the PV system´s own design.  The south-façade BIPV system’s deficient design generates critical losses on its performance and decreases its profitability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20integrated%20photovoltaics%20design" title="building integrated photovoltaics design">building integrated photovoltaics design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20analysis%20software" title=" energy analysis software"> energy analysis software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shading%20losses" title=" shading losses"> shading losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20radiation%20analysis" title=" solar radiation analysis"> solar radiation analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84466/influence-of-shading-on-a-bipv-systems-performance-in-an-urban-context-case-study-of-bipv-systems-of-the-science-center-of-complexity-building-of-the-national-and-autonomous-university-of-mexico-in-mexico-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Extraction of Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis by Isoelectric Point Precipitation and Salting Out for Scale Up Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Velasco-Rend%C3%B3n%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Del%20Carmen">Velasco-Rendón María Del Carmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%C3%A9llar-Berm%C3%BAdez%20Sara%20Paulina"> Cuéllar-Bermúdez Sara Paulina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parra-Sald%C3%ADvar%20Roberto"> Parra-Saldívar Roberto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phycocyanin is a blue pigment protein with fluorescent activity produced by cyanobacteria. It has been recently studied to determine its anticancer, antioxidant and antiinflamatory potential. Since 2014 it was approved as a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) proteic pigment for the food industry. Therefore, phycocyanin shows potential for the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and diagnostics industry. Conventional phycocyanin extraction includes buffer solutions and ammonium sulphate followed by chromatography or ATPS for protein separation. Therefore, further purification steps are time-requiring, energy intensive and not suitable for scale-up processing. This work presents an alternative to conventional methods that also allows large scale application with commercially available equipment. The extraction was performed by exposing the dry biomass to mechanical cavitation and salting out with NaCl to use an edible reagent. Also, isoelectric point precipitation was used by addition of HCl and neutralization with NaOH. The results were measured and compared in phycocyanin concentration, purity and extraction yield. Results showed that the best extraction condition was the extraction by salting out with 0.20 M NaCl after 30 minutes cavitation, with a concentration in the supernatant of 2.22 mg/ml, a purity of 3.28 and recovery from crude extract of 81.27%. Mechanical cavitation presumably increased the solvent-biomass contact, making the crude extract visibly dark blue after centrifugation. Compared to other systems, our process has less purification steps, similar concentrations in the phycocyanin-rich fraction and higher purity. The contaminants present in our process edible NaCl or low pHs that can be neutralized. It also can be adapted to a semi-continuous process with commercially available equipment. This characteristics make this process an appealing alternative for phycocyanin extraction as a pigment for the food industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phycocyanin" title=" phycocyanin"> phycocyanin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale-up" title=" scale-up"> scale-up</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27087/extraction-of-phycocyanin-from-spirulina-platensis-by-isoelectric-point-precipitation-and-salting-out-for-scale-up-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> A Case Series on Isolated Lead aVR ST-Segment Elevation Clinical Significance and Outcome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fae%20Princess%20Bermudez">Fae Princess Bermudez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: One of the least significant leads on a 12-lead electrocardiogram is the augmented right lead (aVR), as it is not as specific compared to the other leads. In this case series, the value of lead aVR, which is more often than not ignored, is highlighted. Three cases of aVR ST segment elevation on 12-lead electrocardiogram are described, with the end outcome of demise of all three patients. The importance of immediate revascularization is described to improve prognosis in this group of patients. Objectives: This case series aims to primarily present under-reported cases of isolated aVR ST-segrment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), their course and outcome. More specific aims are to identify the criteria in determination of isolated aVR STEMI, know its clinical significance, and determine appropriate management for patients with this ECG finding. Method: A short review of previous studies, case reports, articles and guidelines from 2011-2016 was done. The author reviewed available literature, sorted out those that proved to be significant for the presented cases, and described them in conjunction with the aforementioned cases. Findings: Based on the limited information on these rare or under-reported cases, it was found that isolated aVR STEMI had a poorer prognosis that led to significant mortality and morbidity of patients. The significance of aVR ST-elevation was that of an occlusion of the left coronary artery or a severe three-vessel disease in the presence of an Acute Coronary Syndrome. Guidelines from American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation in 2013 already recognized ST-elevation of lead aVR in isolation as a STEMI; hence, recommended that patients with this particular ECG finding should undergo reperfusion strategies to improve prognosis. Conclusion: The indispensability of isolated aVR ST-segment elevation on ECG should alert physicians, especially Emergency physicians, to the high probability of Acute Coronary Syndrome with a very poor prognosis. If this group of patients is not promptly managed, demise may ensue, with cardiogenic shock as the most probable cause. With this electrocardiogram finding, physicians must be quick to make clinical decisions to increase chances of survival of this group of patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVR%20ST-elevation" title="AVR ST-elevation">AVR ST-elevation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffuse%20ST-segment%20depression" title=" diffuse ST-segment depression"> diffuse ST-segment depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=left%20coronary%20artery%20infarction" title=" left coronary artery infarction"> left coronary artery infarction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myocardial%20infarction" title=" myocardial infarction"> myocardial infarction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69856/a-case-series-on-isolated-lead-avr-st-segment-elevation-clinical-significance-and-outcome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Evaluation of the Effect of Lactose Derived Monosaccharide on Galactooligosaccharides Production by β-Galactosidase</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yenny%20Paola%20Morales%20Cort%C3%A9s">Yenny Paola Morales Cortés</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabi%C3%A1n%20Rico%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> Fabián Rico Rodríguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Serrato%20Berm%C3%BAdez"> Juan Carlos Serrato Bermúdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Arturo%20Mart%C3%ADnez%20Riascos"> Carlos Arturo Martínez Riascos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous benefits of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) as prebiotics have motivated the study of enzymatic processes for their production. These processes have special complexities due to several factors that make difficult high productivity, such as enzyme type, reaction medium pH, substrate concentrations and presence of inhibitors, among others. In the present work the production of galactooligosaccharides (with different degrees of polymerization: two, three and four) from lactose was studied. The study considers the formulation of a mathematical model that predicts the production of GOS from lactose using the enzyme β-galactosidase. The effect of pH in the reaction was studied. For that, phosphate buffer was used and with this was evaluated three pH values (6.0.6.5 and 7.0). Thus it was observed that at pH 6.0 the enzymatic activity insignificant. On the other hand, at pH 7.0 the enzymatic activity was approximately 27 times greater than at 6.5. The last result differs from previously reported results. Therefore, pH 7.0 was chosen as working pH. Additionally, the enzyme concentration was analyzed, which allowed observing that the effect of the concentration depends on the pH and the concentration was set for the following studies in 0.272 mM. Afterwards, experiments were performed varying the lactose concentration to evaluate its effects on the process and to generate the data for the adjustment of the mathematical model parameters. The mathematical model considers the reactions of lactose hydrolysis and transgalactosylation for the production of disaccharides and trisaccharides, with their inverse reactions. The production of tetrasaccharides was negligible and, because of that, it was not included in the model. The reaction was monitored by HPLC and for the quantitative analysis of the experimental data the Matlab programming language was used, including solvers for differential equations systems integration (ode15s) and nonlinear problems optimization (fminunc). The results confirm that the transgalactosylation and hydrolysis reactions are reversible, additionally inhibition by glucose and galactose is observed on the production of GOS. In relation to the production process of galactooligosaccharides, the results show that it is necessary to have high initial concentrations of lactose considering that favors the transgalactosylation reaction, while low concentrations favor hydrolysis reactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-galactosidase" title="β-galactosidase">β-galactosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galactooligosaccharides" title=" galactooligosaccharides"> galactooligosaccharides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactose" title=" lactose"> lactose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab" title=" Matlab"> Matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65743/evaluation-of-the-effect-of-lactose-derived-monosaccharide-on-galactooligosaccharides-production-by-v-galactosidase" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Intracranial Hypotension: A Brief Review of the Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Bermudez%20de%20Castro%20Muela">Ana Bermudez de Castro Muela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiomara%20Santos%20Salas"> Xiomara Santos Salas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Cayon%20Somacarrera"> Silvia Cayon Somacarrera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this review is to explain what is the intracranial hypotension and its main causes, and also to approach to the diagnostic management in the different clinical situations, understanding radiological findings, and physiopathological substrate. An approach to the diagnostic management is presented: what are the guidelines to follow, the different tests available, and the typical findings. We review the myelo-CT and myelo-RM studies in patients with suspected CSF fistula or hypotension of unknown cause during the last 10 years in three centers. Signs of intracranial hypotension (subdural hygromas/hematomas, pachymeningeal enhancement, venous sinus engorgement, pituitary hyperemia, and lowering of the brain) that are evident in baseline CT and MRI are also sought. The intracranial hypotension is defined as a lower opening pressure of 6 cmH₂O. It is a relatively rare disorder with an annual incidence of 5 per 100.000, with a female to male ratio 2:1. The clinical features it’s an orthostatic headache, which is defined as development or aggravation of headache when patients move from a supine to an upright position and disappear or typically relieve after lay down. The etiology is a decrease in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), usually by loss of it, either spontaneous or secondary (post-traumatic, post-surgical, systemic disease, post-lumbar puncture etc.) and rhinorrhea and/or otorrhea may exist. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hypotension and CSF hypertension are interrelated, as a situation of hypertension may lead to hypotension secondary to spontaneous CSF leakage. The diagnostic management of intracranial hypotension in our center includes, in the case of being spontaneous and without rhinorrhea and/or otorrhea and according to necessity, a range of available tests, which will be performed from less to more complex: cerebral CT, cerebral MRI and spine without contrast and CT/MRI with intrathecal contrast. If we are in a situation of intracranial hypotension with the presence of rhinorrhea/otorrhea, a sample can be obtained for the detection of b2-transferrin, which is found in the CSF physiologically, as well as sinus CT and cerebral MRI including constructive interference steady state (CISS) sequences. If necessary, cisternography studies are performed to locate the exact point of leakage. It is important to emphasize the significance of myelo-CT / MRI to establish the diagnosis and location of CSF leak, which is indispensable for therapeutic planning (whether surgical or not) in patients with more than one lesion or doubts in the baseline tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebrospinal%20fluid" title="cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroradiology%20brain" title=" neuroradiology brain"> neuroradiology brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title=" magnetic resonance imaging"> magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fistula" title=" fistula"> fistula</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121701/intracranial-hypotension-a-brief-review-of-the-pathophysiology-and-diagnostic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Feeding Effects of Increasing Levels of Yerba Mate on Lamb Meat Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuli%20Andrea%20P.%20Bermudez">Yuli Andrea P. Bermudez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20R.%20Lobo"> Richard R. Lobo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamyres%20R.%20D.%20Amorim"> Tamyres R. D. Amorim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danny%20Alexander%20R.%20Moreno"> Danny Alexander R. Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelica%20Simone%20C.%20Pereira"> Angelica Simone C. Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ives%20Claudio%20D.%20Bueno"> Ives Claudio D. Bueno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of natural antioxidants in animal feed can positively modify the profile of fatty acids (FAs) in meat, due to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which promote an increase in the associated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with beneficial factors in human health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion percentage of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) as a natural antioxidant on lamb meat quality. The animals were confined for 53 days and fed with corn silage and concentrated in the proportion of 60:40, respectively, were divided into four homogeneous groups (n = 9 lambs/group), to each of the treatments, one control group without yerba mate extract - YME (0%) and three treatments with 1, 2 and 4% the inclusion of YME on a DM basis. Samples of the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected from the deboning of 36 lambs, analyzing pH values, color parameters (brightness: L*, red value: a*, and yellow: b*), fatty acid profile, total lipids, and sensory analysis. The inclusion of YME modified the value of b* (P = 0.0041), indicating a higher value of yellow color in the meat, for the group supplemented with 4% YME. All data were statistically evaluated using the MIXED procedure of the statistical package SAS 9.4. However, it did not show differences in the final live weight in the groups evaluated, as well as in the pH values (P = 0.1923) and the total lipid concentration (P = 0.0752). The FAs (P ≥ 0.1360) and health indexes were not altered by the inclusion of YME (P ≥ 0.1360); only branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) exhibited a diet effect (P = 0.0092) in the group that had 4% of the extract. In the sensory analysis test with a hedonic scale it did not show differences between the treatments (P ≥ 0.1251). Nevertheless, in the just about-right test, using (note 1) to 'very strong, softness or moist' (note 5); the softness was different between the evaluated treatments (P = 0.0088) where groups with 2% YME had a better acceptance of tasters (4.15 ± 0.08) compared to the control (3.89 ± 0.08). In conclusion, although the addition of YME has shown positive results in sensory acceptance and in increasing the concentration of BCFA, fatty acids beneficial to human health, without changing the physical-chemical parameters in lamb meat, the absolute changes are considered to have been quite small, which was probably related to the high efficiency of PUFA biohydrogenation in the n the rumen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title="composition">composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20analysis" title=" meat analysis"> meat analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124639/feeding-effects-of-increasing-levels-of-yerba-mate-on-lamb-meat-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Assessment Environmental and Economic of Yerba Mate as a Feed Additive on Feedlot Lamb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danny%20Alexander%20R.%20Moreno">Danny Alexander R. Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gustavo%20L.%20Sartorello"> Gustavo L. Sartorello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuli%20Andrea%20P.%20Bermudez"> Yuli Andrea P. Bermudez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20R.%20Lobo"> Richard R. Lobo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ives%20Claudio%20S.%20Bueno"> Ives Claudio S. Bueno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augusto%20H.%20Gameiro"> Augusto H. Gameiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Meat production is a significant sector for Brazil's economy; however, the agricultural segment has suffered censure regarding the negative impacts on the environment, which consequently results in climate change. Therefore, it is essential the implementation of nutritional strategies that can improve the environmental performance of livestock. This research aimed to estimate the environmental impact and profitability of the use of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis) as an additive in the feeding of feedlot lamb. Thirty-six castrated male lambs (average weight of 23.90 ± 3.67 kg and average age of 75 days) were randomly assigned to four experimental diets with different levels of inclusion of yerba mate extract (0, 1, 2, and 4 %) based on dry matter. The animals were confined for fifty-three days and fed with 60:40 corn silage to concentrate ratio. As an indicator of environmental impact, the carbon footprint (CF) was measured as kg of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂-eq) per kg of body weight produced (BWP). The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as methane (CH₄) generated from enteric fermentation, were calculated using the sulfur hexafluoride gas tracer (SF₆) technique; while the CH₄, nitrous oxide (N₂O - emissions generated by feces and urine), and carbon dioxide (CO₂ - emissions generated by concentrate and silage processing) were estimated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology. To estimate profitability, the gross margin was used, which is the total revenue minus the total cost; the latter is composed of the purchase of animals and food. The boundaries of this study considered only the lamb fattening system. The enteric CH₄ emission from the lamb was the largest source of on-farm GHG emissions (47%-50%), followed by CH₄ and N₂O emissions from manure (10%-20%) and CO₂ emission from the concentrate, silage, and fossil energy (17%-5%). The treatment that generated the least environmental impact was the group with 4% of yerba mate extract (YME), which showed a 3% reduction in total GHG emissions in relation to the control (1462.5 and 1505.5 kg CO₂-eq, respectively). However, the scenario with 1% YME showed an increase in emissions of 7% compared to the control group. In relation to CF, the treatment with 4% YME had the lowest value (4.1 kg CO₂-eq/kg LW) compared with the other groups. Nevertheless, although the 4% YME inclusion scenario showed the lowest CF, the gross margin decreased by 36% compared to the control group (0% YME), due to the cost of YME as a food additive. The results showed that the extract has the potential for use in reducing GHG. However, the cost of implementing this input as a mitigation strategy increased the production cost. Therefore, it is important to develop political strategies that help reduce the acquisition costs of input that contribute to the search for the environmental and economic benefit of the livestock sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20production" title="meat production">meat production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20additives" title=" natural additives"> natural additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability" title=" profitability"> profitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheep" title=" sheep"> sheep</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124642/assessment-environmental-and-economic-of-yerba-mate-as-a-feed-additive-on-feedlot-lamb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Courtyard Evolution in Contemporary Sustainable Living</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiorgos%20Hadjichristou">Yiorgos Hadjichristou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper will focus on the strategic development deriving from the evolution of the traditional courtyard spatial organization towards a new, contemporary sustainable way of living. New sustainable approaches that engulf the social issues, the notion of place, the understanding of weather architecture blended together with the bioclimatic behaviour will be seen through a series of experimental case studies in the island of Cyprus, inspired and originated from its traditional wisdom, ranging from small scale of living to urban interventions. Weather and nature will be seen as co-architectural authors with architects as intelligently claimed by Jonathan Hill in his Weather Architecture discourse. Furthermore, following Pallasmaa’s understanding, the building will be seen not as an end itself and the elements of an architectural experience as having a verb form rather than being nouns. This will further enhance the notion of merging the subject-human and the object-building as discussed by Julio Bermudez. This eventually will enable to generate the discussion of the understanding of the building constructed according to the specifics of place and inhabitants, shaped by its physical and human topography as referred by Adam Sharr in relation to Heidegger’s thinking. The specificities of the divided island and the dealing with sites that are in vicinity with the diving Green Line will further trigger explorations dealing with the regeneration issues and the social sustainability offering unprecedented opportunities for innovative sustainable ways of living. The above premises will lead us to develop innovative strategies for a profound, both technical and social sustainability, which fruitfully yields to innovative living built environments, responding to the ever changing environmental and social needs. As a starting point, a case study in Kaimakli in Nicosia a refurbishment with an extension of a traditional house, already engulfs all the traditional/ vernacular wisdom of the bioclimatic architecture. It aims at capturing not only its direct and quite obvious bioclimatic features, but rather to evolve them by adjusting the whole house in a contemporary living environment. In order to succeed this, evolutions of traditional architectural elements and spatial conditions are integrated in a way that does not only respond to some certain weather conditions, but they integrate and blend the weather within the built environment. A series of innovations aiming at maximum flexibility is proposed. The house can finally be transformed into a winter enclosure, while for the most part of the year it turns into a ‘camping’ living environment. Parallel to experimental interventions in existing traditional units, we will proceed examining the implementation of the same developed methodology in designing living units and complexes. Malleable courtyard organizations that attempt to blend the traditional wisdom with the contemporary needs for living, the weather and nature with the built environment will be seen tested in both horizontal and vertical developments. A new social identity of people, directly involved and interacting with the weather and climatic conditions will be seen as the result of balancing the social with the technological sustainability, the immaterial and the material aspects of the built environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20as%20a%20verb" title="building as a verb">building as a verb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20living" title=" contemporary living"> contemporary living</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20bioclimatic%20wisdom" title=" traditional bioclimatic wisdom"> traditional bioclimatic wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20architecture" title=" weather architecture"> weather architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30615/courtyard-evolution-in-contemporary-sustainable-living" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Economic Valuation of Emissions from Mobile Sources in the Urban Environment of Bogotá</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayron%20Camilo%20Bermudez%20Mendoza">Dayron Camilo Bermudez Mendoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road transportation is a significant source of externalities, notably in terms of environmental degradation and the emission of pollutants. These emissions adversely affect public health, attributable to criteria pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO), and also contribute to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). It is, therefore, crucial to quantify the emissions from mobile sources and develop a methodological framework for their economic valuation, aiding in the assessment of associated costs and informing policy decisions. The forthcoming congress will shed light on the externalities of transportation in Bogotá, showcasing methodologies and findings from the construction of emission inventories and their spatial analysis within the city. This research focuses on the economic valuation of emissions from mobile sources in Bogotá, employing methods like hedonic pricing and contingent valuation. Conducted within the urban confines of Bogotá, the study leverages demographic, transportation, and emission data sourced from the Mobility Survey, official emission inventories, and tailored estimates and measurements. The use of hedonic pricing and contingent valuation methodologies facilitates the estimation of the influence of transportation emissions on real estate values and gauges the willingness of Bogotá's residents to invest in reducing these emissions. The findings are anticipated to be instrumental in the formulation and execution of public policies aimed at emission reduction and air quality enhancement. In compiling the emission inventory, innovative data sources were identified to determine activity factors, including information from automotive diagnostic centers and used vehicle sales websites. The COPERT model was utilized to ascertain emission factors, requiring diverse inputs such as data from the national transit registry (RUNT), OpenStreetMap road network details, climatological data from the IDEAM portal, and Google API for speed analysis. Spatial disaggregation employed GIS tools and publicly available official spatial data. The development of the valuation methodology involved an exhaustive systematic review, utilizing platforms like the EVRI (Environmental Valuation Reference Inventory) portal and other relevant sources. The contingent valuation method was implemented via surveys in various public settings across the city, using a referendum-style approach for a sample of 400 residents. For the hedonic price valuation, an extensive database was developed, integrating data from several official sources and basing analyses on the per-square meter property values in each city block. The upcoming conference anticipates the presentation and publication of these results, embodying a multidisciplinary knowledge integration and culminating in a master's thesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20valuation" title="economic valuation">economic valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20economics" title=" transport economics"> transport economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant%20emissions" title=" pollutant emissions"> pollutant emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20transportation" title=" urban transportation"> urban transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20mobility" title=" sustainable mobility"> sustainable mobility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182193/economic-valuation-of-emissions-from-mobile-sources-in-the-urban-environment-of-bogota" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> 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