CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Courthouse - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"170c92b4-234d-4605-bf10-bfe174a0bf50","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Courthouse","wgTitle":"Courthouse","wgCurRevisionId":1242801423,"wgRevisionId":1242801423,"wgArticleId":58609,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with limited geographic scope from August 2020","North America-centric","Articles to be expanded from December 2010","All articles to be expanded","Commons link from Wikidata","Courthouses"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Courthouse","wgRelevantArticleId":58609,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1137809","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/1200px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="618"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/800px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="412"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/640px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="330"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Courthouse - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthouse"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthouse"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Courthouse rootpage-Courthouse skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Courthouse" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Courthouse" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Courthouse" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Courthouse" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Courthouse</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dmh%C5%ABs" title="Dōmhūs – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Dōmhūs" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Съдебна палата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съдебна палата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justi%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_pal%C3%A1c" title="Justiční palác – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Justiční palác" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domhus" title="Domhus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Domhus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthouse" title="Courthouse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Courthouse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_de_justice" title="Palais de justice – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palais de justice" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taigh-c%C3%B9irte" title="Taigh-cùirte – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Taigh-cùirte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="न्यायभवन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यायभवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedung_pengadilan" title="Gedung pengadilan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gedung pengadilan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="בית משפט (מבנה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית משפט (מבנה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qesra_Dad%C3%AA" title="Qesra Dadê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qesra Dadê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerechtsgebouw" title="Gerechtsgebouw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gerechtsgebouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinghus" title="Tinghus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tinghus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palat_de_justi%C8%9Bie" title="Palat de justiție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palat de justiție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthouse" title="Courthouse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Courthouse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingshus" title="Tingshus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tingshus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9%27%C3%B4hk%C3%AA-h%C3%B3hta%27han%C3%A9stove" title="Tsé'ôhkê-hóhta'hanéstove – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tsé'ôhkê-hóhta'hanéstove" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balay_hukmanan" title="Balay hukmanan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balay hukmanan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1137809#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Courthouse" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Courthouse" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Courthouse"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Courthouse"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Courthouse" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Courthouse" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&oldid=1242801423" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Courthouse&id=1242801423&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCourthouse"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCourthouse"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Courthouse&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Courthouse" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1137809" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Building which is home to a court</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Courthouse_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Courthouse (disambiguation)">Courthouse (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with North America and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Courthouse" title="Talk:Courthouse">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/220px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/330px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/440px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3788" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">United States Supreme Court Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gedimino_40_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gedimino_40_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/220px-Gedimino_40_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gedimino_40_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/330px-Gedimino_40_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gedimino_40_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/440px-Gedimino_40_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Courthouse of Vilnius regional court and Court of Appeal of Lithuania in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>courthouse</b> or <b>court house</b> is a structure which houses judicial functions for a governmental entity such as a state, region, province, county, prefecture, regency, or similar governmental unit. A courthouse is home to one or more <a href="/wiki/Courtroom" title="Courtroom">courtrooms</a>, the enclosed space in which a <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judge</a> presides over a <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a>, and one or more <a href="/wiki/Judge%27s_chambers" title="Judge's chambers">chambers</a>, the private offices of judges. Larger courthouses often also have space for offices of judicial support staff such as <a href="/wiki/Court_clerk" title="Court clerk">court clerks</a> and deputy clerks. </p><p>The term is commonly used in the English-speaking countries of North America. In most other English-speaking countries, buildings which house courts of law are simply called "courts" or "court buildings". In most of continental Europe and former non-English-speaking European colonies, the equivalent term is a palace of justice (French: palais de justice, Italian: palazzo di giustizia, Portuguese: palácio da justiça). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_courthouses_in_the_United_States" title="List of courthouses in the United States">List of courthouses in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_courthouses" title="List of United States federal courthouses">List of United States federal courthouses</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chester_County_PA_Courthouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chester_County_PA_Courthouse.JPG/220px-Chester_County_PA_Courthouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chester_County_PA_Courthouse.JPG/330px-Chester_County_PA_Courthouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chester_County_PA_Courthouse.JPG/440px-Chester_County_PA_Courthouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chester_County_Courthouse_(Pennsylvania)" title="Chester County Courthouse (Pennsylvania)">Chester County Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="West Chester, Pennsylvania">West Chester, Pennsylvania</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_common_pleas_(Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of common pleas (Pennsylvania)">Court of Common Pleas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philadelphia_city_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Philadelphia_city_hall.jpg/220px-Philadelphia_city_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Philadelphia_city_hall.jpg/330px-Philadelphia_city_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Philadelphia_city_hall.jpg/440px-Philadelphia_city_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2632" data-file-height="3948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">Philadelphia City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, a consolidated courthouse and center of the political branches of Philadelphia's city-county government</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, most <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> maintain <a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial courts</a> in a county-based courthouse, which also house other county government offices. The courthouse may be a part of a wider county government building or complex. The courthouse is usually located in the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a>, although large metropolitan counties may have satellite or annex offices for their courts. </p><p>In some cases, the building housing the courthouse may be named in some way or its function divided as between a judicial building and administrative office building. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">Philadelphia City Hall</a>, for instance, serves as the seat of the legislative and executive functions of the consolidated <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania">county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, but most of its floor space is devoted to the Civil Division of the Philadelphia <a href="/wiki/Court_of_common_pleas_(Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of common pleas (Pennsylvania)">Court of Common Pleas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Supreme Court of Pennsylvania</a> shares space with three local governments and with the legislative and executive branches of the state government of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia City Hall in Philadelphia, the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Capitol" title="Pennsylvania State Capitol">Pennsylvania State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a>, which it shares with the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania General Assembly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Pennsylvania">Governor of Pennsylvania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_City-County_Building" title="Pittsburgh City-County Building">Pittsburgh City-County Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, which it shares with the governments of the City of Pittsburgh and of <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny County, Pennsylvania">Allegheny County</a>. </p><p>Many judges also <a href="/wiki/Officiate" class="mw-redirect" title="Officiate">officiate</a> at civil marriage ceremonies in their courthouse chambers. In some places, the courthouse also contains the main administrative office for the county government, or when a new courthouse is constructed, the former one will often be used for other local government offices. Either way, a typical courthouse will have one or more <a href="/wiki/Courtroom" title="Courtroom">courtrooms</a> and a court clerk's office with a filing window where litigants may submit documents for <a href="/wiki/Filing_(legal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Filing (legal)">filing</a> with the court. </p><p>Each <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">United States district court</a> also has a federally owned building that houses courtrooms, chambers and clerk's offices. Many federal judicial districts are further split into divisions, which may also have their own courthouses. However, sometimes divisional court facilities are located in buildings that also house other agencies or offices of the United States government; for instance, the <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_H._Cohen_United_States_Courthouse" title="Mitchell H. Cohen United States Courthouse">Mitchell H. Cohen United States Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden, New Jersey</a> houses a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States post office</a> as well as court facilities for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Jersey" title="United States District Court for the District of New Jersey">District of New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some branches of <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a> courts are housed in rented office space in buildings housing commercial tenants; for instance, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bankruptcy_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Bankruptcy Court">United States Bankruptcy Court</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Delaware" title="United States District Court for the District of Delaware">District of Delaware</a> is located in an office building in <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, across the street from the main courthouse of the district court.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">United States District Court for the Eastern District of California</a> has a courthouse in Yosemite to hear misdemeanors and petty crimes for <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a> are based in the main courthouses of the federal district court in the city in which they are seated. </p><p>The courthouse is part of the iconography of American life and is equivalent to the city hall as the symbol of the municipium in European <a href="/wiki/Free_city_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free city (antiquity)">free cities</a>. Courthouses are often shown in American <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">cinema</a> (i.e. "<a href="/wiki/Peyton_Place_(TV_series)" title="Peyton Place (TV series)">Peyton Place</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_Vinny" title="My Cousin Vinny">My Cousin Vinny</a>"). They range from small-town rural buildings with a few rooms to huge metropolitan courthouses that occupy large plots of land. The style of <a href="/wiki/American_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="American architecture">American architecture</a> used varies, with common styles including <a href="/wiki/Federal_style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal style architecture">federal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Revival">Greek Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassicist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_the_District_Court_for_Prague_-_West_-_security_check.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Entrance_to_the_District_Court_for_Prague_-_West_-_security_check.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_the_District_Court_for_Prague_-_West_-_security_check.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Entrance_to_the_District_Court_for_Prague_-_West_-_security_check.jpg/330px-Entrance_to_the_District_Court_for_Prague_-_West_-_security_check.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Entrance_to_the_District_Court_for_Prague_-_West_-_security_check.jpg/440px-Entrance_to_the_District_Court_for_Prague_-_West_-_security_check.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_Court_Prague-West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District Court Prague-West (page does not exist)">District Court Prague-West</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okresn%C3%AD_soud_Praha-z%C3%A1pad" class="extiw" title="cs:Okresní soud Praha-západ">cs</a>]</span> entrance. From left: <a href="/wiki/Gun_safe" title="Gun safe">Security box</a> where visitors may deposit a firearm, X-ray machine and metal detector frame, officer of the <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Czech_Republic#State_Agencies" title="Law enforcement in the Czech Republic">Judicial Guard</a> in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the modalities involved in the hearing of complex cases, including civil, criminal, and family law disputes, the architecture of court buildings can present significant security challenges to enforcement officers. Architects typically use two main tools to mitigate security risks within the adjudicative space depending upon local needs, such as the proliferation of weapons: secure entrance vestibules and separation of circulation pathways and adjacencies within the footprint of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secure entrance vestibules provide court staff the opportunity to screen visitors to the building for contraband, such as weapons and narcotics, as well as for unauthorized access. Mid size to larger courthouses often have separate entrances to the building for the public, prisoners, judges, and witnesses. These entrances may be monitored remotely from a central security station. In lower risk settings, the security screening may be more perfunctory and serve as an information desk to direct visitors to the various agencies and offices housed within the court building. </p><p>Once users of the court have entered the building through security screenings and access control checkpoints, the circulation systems of passageways through the building provide discrete pathways by which the public, court staff, and in-custody defendants access to courtrooms and other court services, such as attorneys, pretrial and probation services, and clerks' offices. The circulation pathways and adjacency diagrams designed for newer and larger courthouses often ensure that the only place the systems of circulation, including hallways, stairwells, and elevators overlap is within the monitored setting of the courtroom. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access to court materials by the public, such as court clerk record vaults, as well as the risk of in-custody defendants intimidating witnesses or jurors while being escorted through the public areas of the courthouse.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, the Los Angeles Superior Court added such checkpoints to all entrances to its main courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a> after a woman was shot and killed by her ex-husband in open court in September 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-metnews_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metnews-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a> ruled in 2002 that Los Angeles County (which at the time was responsible for maintaining the courthouses) was not liable to her three children under the California Government Tort Claims Act.<sup id="cite_ref-court_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-court-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a>, the federal government proceeded to heavily fortify all large federal buildings, including many urban courthouses. </p><p>Some courthouses in areas with high levels of <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</a> have redundant layers of security. For example, when the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a> hears oral argument in San Francisco or Los Angeles, visitors must pass through one security checkpoint to enter the building, and another to enter the courtroom. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulloch_county_courthouse_statesboro_georgia_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulloch County Courthouse in Statesboro, Georgia"><img alt="Bulloch County Courthouse in Statesboro, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bulloch_county_courthouse_statesboro_georgia_2005.jpg/120px-Bulloch_county_courthouse_statesboro_georgia_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bulloch_county_courthouse_statesboro_georgia_2005.jpg/180px-Bulloch_county_courthouse_statesboro_georgia_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bulloch_county_courthouse_statesboro_georgia_2005.jpg/240px-Bulloch_county_courthouse_statesboro_georgia_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bulloch_County_Courthouse" title="Bulloch County Courthouse">Bulloch County Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Statesboro,_Georgia" title="Statesboro, Georgia">Statesboro, Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orange_county_court_house_vt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Orange County, Vermont courthouse"><img alt="The Orange County, Vermont courthouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Orange_county_court_house_vt.jpg/88px-Orange_county_court_house_vt.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Orange_county_court_house_vt.jpg/132px-Orange_county_court_house_vt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Orange_county_court_house_vt.jpg/176px-Orange_county_court_house_vt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Vermont" title="Orange County, Vermont">Orange County, Vermont</a> courthouse</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lasvegascourthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The federal courthouse in Las Vegas"><img alt="The federal courthouse in Las Vegas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lasvegascourthouse.jpg/120px-Lasvegascourthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lasvegascourthouse.jpg/180px-Lasvegascourthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lasvegascourthouse.jpg/240px-Lasvegascourthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1318" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The federal courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CrookCountyCourthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Crook County Courthouse in Prineville, Oregon"><img alt="The Crook County Courthouse in Prineville, Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/CrookCountyCourthouse.jpg/120px-CrookCountyCourthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/CrookCountyCourthouse.jpg/180px-CrookCountyCourthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/CrookCountyCourthouse.jpg/240px-CrookCountyCourthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="1318" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Crook_County_Courthouse" title="Crook County Courthouse">Crook County Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prineville,_Oregon" title="Prineville, Oregon">Prineville, Oregon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DeKalb_County_IN_Court_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The DeKalb County Court House in Auburn, Indiana"><img alt="The DeKalb County Court House in Auburn, Indiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DeKalb_County_IN_Court_House.jpg/120px-DeKalb_County_IN_Court_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DeKalb_County_IN_Court_House.jpg/180px-DeKalb_County_IN_Court_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DeKalb_County_IN_Court_House.jpg/240px-DeKalb_County_IN_Court_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="155" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The DeKalb County Court House in <a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Indiana" title="Auburn, Indiana">Auburn, Indiana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CabellCountyWVCH.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cabell County Court House in Huntington, West Virginia"><img alt="The Cabell County Court House in Huntington, West Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/CabellCountyWVCH.jpg/120px-CabellCountyWVCH.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/CabellCountyWVCH.jpg/180px-CabellCountyWVCH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/CabellCountyWVCH.jpg/240px-CabellCountyWVCH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Cabell County Court House in <a href="/wiki/Huntington,_West_Virginia" title="Huntington, West Virginia">Huntington, West Virginia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Side_view_of_Lowndes_County_Courthouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lowndes County Courthouse in Valdosta, Georgia"><img alt="The Lowndes County Courthouse in Valdosta, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Side_view_of_Lowndes_County_Courthouse.JPG/120px-Side_view_of_Lowndes_County_Courthouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Side_view_of_Lowndes_County_Courthouse.JPG/180px-Side_view_of_Lowndes_County_Courthouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Side_view_of_Lowndes_County_Courthouse.JPG/240px-Side_view_of_Lowndes_County_Courthouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2732" data-file-height="1706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Lowndes County Courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Valdosta,_Georgia" title="Valdosta, Georgia">Valdosta, Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Allegheny County Courthouse in Pittsburgh"><img alt="The Allegheny County Courthouse in Pittsburgh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg/117px-Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg/176px-Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg/235px-Allegheny_County_Courthouse_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5335" data-file-height="5451" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Allegheny County Courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avery_County_Courthouse_in_Newland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Avery County Courthouse in Newland, North Carolina"><img alt="The Avery County Courthouse in Newland, North Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Avery_County_Courthouse_in_Newland.jpg/120px-Avery_County_Courthouse_in_Newland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Avery_County_Courthouse_in_Newland.jpg/180px-Avery_County_Courthouse_in_Newland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Avery_County_Courthouse_in_Newland.jpg/240px-Avery_County_Courthouse_in_Newland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Avery County Courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Newland,_North_Carolina" title="Newland, North Carolina">Newland, North Carolina</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moynihan-courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse in New York City"><img alt="The Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse in New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moynihan-courthouse.jpg/58px-Moynihan-courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moynihan-courthouse.jpg/87px-Moynihan-courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moynihan-courthouse.jpg/116px-Moynihan-courthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="3291" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan_United_States_Courthouse" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse">Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bergen_County_Court_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bergen County Court House in Hackensack, New Jersey"><img alt="The Bergen County Court House in Hackensack, New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bergen_County_Court_House.jpg/120px-Bergen_County_Court_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bergen_County_Court_House.jpg/180px-Bergen_County_Court_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bergen_County_Court_House.jpg/240px-Bergen_County_Court_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5837" data-file-height="3892" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County_Court_House" title="Bergen County Court House">Bergen County Court House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack, New Jersey</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_County_Superior_Courthouse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The San Francisco County Superior Courthouse in the San Francisco Civic Center"><img alt="The San Francisco County Superior Courthouse in the San Francisco Civic Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/San_Francisco_County_Superior_Courthouse.png/120px-San_Francisco_County_Superior_Courthouse.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/San_Francisco_County_Superior_Courthouse.png/180px-San_Francisco_County_Superior_Courthouse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/San_Francisco_County_Superior_Courthouse.png/240px-San_Francisco_County_Superior_Courthouse.png 2x" data-file-width="3140" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_County_Superior_Court" title="San Francisco County Superior Court">San Francisco County Superior Courthouse</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Civic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Civic Center">San Francisco Civic Center</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Courthouses_in_Canada" title="Category:Courthouses in Canada">Category:Courthouses in Canada</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, each municipality constructs its own courthouse, or several in the case of large cities. In smaller communities the court is in the same building as the <a href="/wiki/City_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="City hall">city hall</a> and other municipal offices. In the past many courthouses also included the local prison. </p><p>One well-known court house in Canada is the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque Revival">Romanesque Revival</a> (Neo-Romanesque) <a href="/wiki/Old_City_Hall_(Toronto)" title="Old City Hall (Toronto)">Old City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>. Designed by <a href="/wiki/E.J._Lennox" class="mw-redirect" title="E.J. Lennox">E.J. Lennox</a>, Old City Hall was completed in 1899 and has been functioning as a municipal building ever since. It was originally constructed to facilitate Toronto's City Council, legal and municipal offices and the city's courts however following the construction of the fourth <a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Hall" title="Toronto City Hall">city hall</a> (adjacent to the third, on Queen Street) the building's purpose was limited to being solely a courthouse for the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Court_of_Justice" title="Ontario Court of Justice">Ontario Court of Justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-old_city_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-old_city-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building can be described as Romanesque Revival due to multiple characteristics it shares with Romanesque architecture, despite being constructed seven centuries later in a completely different continent. These characteristics include the materiality in terms of large stone construction, the repetitive rhythmic use of windows containing various sized arches and <a href="/wiki/Barrel_vaults" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrel vaults">barrel vaults</a> directing attention towards them, decorated <a href="/wiki/Spandrels" class="mw-redirect" title="Spandrels">spandrels</a> (wall section connecting arches) and the inclusion of gabled walls (pointed sections). Old City Hall has been designated a National Historical Site since 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-history_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_Canada,_Ottawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Supreme Court of Canada in Ottawa"><img alt="The Supreme Court of Canada in Ottawa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Supreme_Court_of_Canada%2C_Ottawa.jpg/120px-Supreme_Court_of_Canada%2C_Ottawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Supreme_Court_of_Canada%2C_Ottawa.jpg/180px-Supreme_Court_of_Canada%2C_Ottawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Supreme_Court_of_Canada%2C_Ottawa.jpg/240px-Supreme_Court_of_Canada%2C_Ottawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kings_County_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Kings County Courthouse, Kentville, Nova Scotia"><img alt="The Kings County Courthouse, Kentville, Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kings_County_Museum.JPG/120px-Kings_County_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kings_County_Museum.JPG/180px-Kings_County_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kings_County_Museum.JPG/240px-Kings_County_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Kings_County_Museum" title="Kings County Museum">Kings County Courthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentville,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentville, Nova Scotia">Kentville, Nova Scotia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halifax_Court_House.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Halifax Court House in Halifax, Nova Scotia"><img alt="The Halifax Court House in Halifax, Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Halifax_Court_House.JPG/90px-Halifax_Court_House.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Halifax_Court_House.JPG/135px-Halifax_Court_House.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Halifax_Court_House.JPG/180px-Halifax_Court_House.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Court_House" title="Halifax Court House">Halifax Court House</a> in <a href="/wiki/City_of_Halifax" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Halifax">Halifax</a>, Nova Scotia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frontenac_County_Court_House_(2010-Apr-12).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Frontenac County Court House, Kingston, Ontario"><img alt="The Frontenac County Court House, Kingston, Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frontenac_County_Court_House_%282010-Apr-12%29.jpg/120px-Frontenac_County_Court_House_%282010-Apr-12%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frontenac_County_Court_House_%282010-Apr-12%29.jpg/180px-Frontenac_County_Court_House_%282010-Apr-12%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frontenac_County_Court_House_%282010-Apr-12%29.jpg/240px-Frontenac_County_Court_House_%282010-Apr-12%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="1956" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Frontenac_County_Court_House" title="Frontenac County Court House">Frontenac County Court House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vancouver_-_law_courts_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Law Courts in Vancouver British Columbia"><img alt="The Law Courts in Vancouver British Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vancouver_-_law_courts_01.jpg/120px-Vancouver_-_law_courts_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vancouver_-_law_courts_01.jpg/180px-Vancouver_-_law_courts_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vancouver_-_law_courts_01.jpg/240px-Vancouver_-_law_courts_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Law_Courts_(Vancouver)" title="Law Courts (Vancouver)">Law Courts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> British Columbia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_courthouses" title="List of courthouses">List of courthouses</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courts.phila.gov/">"Homepage"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Courts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Courts&rft.atitle=Homepage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.phila.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/trial/civil/">"Court of Common Pleas, Trial Division - Civil"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Courts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Courts&rft.atitle=Court+of+Common+Pleas%2C+Trial+Division+-+Civil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.phila.gov%2Fcommon-pleas%2Ftrial%2Fcivil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/orphans/">"The Court of Common Pleas, Orphans' Court Division"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Courts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Courts&rft.atitle=The+Court+of+Common+Pleas%2C+Orphans%27+Court+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.phila.gov%2Fcommon-pleas%2Forphans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspspostoffices.com/nj/camden/camden">"Camden Post Office"</a>. USPS Post Offices<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Camden+Post+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspspostoffices.com%2Fnj%2Fcamden%2Fcamden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njb.uscourts.gov/court-info/staff-directory/camden">"Staff (Camden)"</a>. United States Bankruptcy Court District of New Jersey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Staff+%28Camden%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.njb.uscourts.gov%2Fcourt-info%2Fstaff-directory%2Fcamden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deb.uscourts.gov">"Home"</a>. <i>United States Bankruptcy Court District of Delaware</i>. U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Bankruptcy+Court+District+of+Delaware&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deb.uscourts.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesse_McKinley2009" class="citation news cs1">Jesse McKinley (10 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/11/us/11yosemite.html">"Spectacular Distractions Are the Perks of Judgeship"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Spectacular+Distractions+Are+the+Perks+of+Judgeship&rft.date=2009-08-10&rft.au=Jesse+McKinley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F11%2Fus%2F11yosemite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/u.s._courts_design_guide_2021.pdf">https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/u.s._courts_design_guide_2021.pdf</a> Judicial Conference of the United States "U.S. Courts Design Guide" (2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncsc.org/courthouseplanning/needs-of-persons-with-disabilities/adjacency-and-circulation">"Adjacency and Circulation"</a>. <i>www.ncsc.org</i>. 2020-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ncsc.org&rft.atitle=Adjacency+and+Circulation&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsc.org%2Fcourthouseplanning%2Fneeds-of-persons-with-disabilities%2Fadjacency-and-circulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metnews-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metnews_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Ofgang2002" class="citation news cs1">Kenneth Ofgang (21 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metnews.com/articles/zeli052102.htm">"State High Court Bars Suit Over Shooting at Downtown Courthouse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_News-Enterprise" title="Metropolitan News-Enterprise">Metropolitan News-Enterprise</a></i>. metnews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+News-Enterprise&rft.atitle=State+High+Court+Bars+Suit+Over+Shooting+at+Downtown+Courthouse&rft.date=2002-05-21&rft.au=Kenneth+Ofgang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metnews.com%2Farticles%2Fzeli052102.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-court-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-court_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Zelig v. County of Los Angeles</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.ceb.com/calcases/C4/27C4t1112.htm">27 27 Cal Sup Ct 1112</a> (Cal 4th 2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-old_city-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-old_city_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825081201/http://www.toronto.ca/old_cityhall/old_cityhall_tour.htm">"Toronto's Old City Hall"</a>. Toronto.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toronto.ca/old_cityhall/old_cityhall_tour.htm">the original</a> on 2012-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toronto%27s+Old+City+Hall&rft.pub=Toronto.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toronto.ca%2Fold_cityhall%2Fold_cityhall_tour.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015214133/http://www.toronto.ca/old_cityhall/history.htm">"Toronto's Third City Hall"</a>. Toronto.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toronto.ca/old_cityhall/history.htm">the original</a> on 2012-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toronto%27s+Third+City+Hall&rft.pub=Toronto.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toronto.ca%2Fold_cityhall%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACourthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Courthouse" class="extiw" title="commons:Courthouse"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Courthouse</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137809#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137809#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137809#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="soudní budovy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph979003&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="법원 건물"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2004025339">Korea</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10640787">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&oldid=1242801423">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&oldid=1242801423</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Courthouses" title="Category:Courthouses">Courthouses</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from August 2020">Articles with limited geographic scope from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:North_America-centric" title="Category:North America-centric">North America-centric</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_December_2010" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from December 2010">Articles to be expanded from December 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 August 2024, at 20:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courthouse&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-s77sz","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.518","walltime":"0.661","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1972,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":35166,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2070,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":67208,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 588.046 1 -total"," 28.35% 166.731 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.91% 117.056 1 Template:Authority_control"," 18.82% 110.667 7 Template:Cite_web"," 11.51% 67.683 1 Template:Globalize"," 11.19% 65.783 2 Template:Ambox"," 11.08% 65.160 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.70% 45.293 1 Template:Commons"," 7.41% 43.556 1 Template:Sister_project"," 7.09% 41.664 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.331","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5771792,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bb4bcc5b5-q4z7z","timestamp":"20241127133550","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Courthouse","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Courthouse","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1137809","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1137809","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-21T08:39:41Z","dateModified":"2024-08-28T20:53:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg","headline":"building which is home to a court"}</script> </body> </html>