CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e47a17f8-b3a0-480d-945b-93e469547ba6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction","wgTitle":"Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction","wgCurRevisionId":1240308760,"wgRevisionId":1240308760,"wgArticleId":106004,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description with empty Wikidata description","Articles with limited geographic scope from May 2012","Articles with hAudio microformats","Spoken articles","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Sexuality and society","Sexuality in speculative fiction","Science fiction themes"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction","wgRelevantArticleId":106004,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7458476","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction rootpage-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Critical analysis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Critical_analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Critical analysis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Critical_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Themes_explored" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes_explored"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Themes explored</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes_explored-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SF_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SF_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>SF literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-SF_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle SF literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-SF_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proto_SF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proto_SF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Proto SF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proto_SF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pulp_era_(1920–30s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pulp_era_(1920–30s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pulp era (1920–30s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pulp_era_(1920–30s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_Age_(1940–50s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_Age_(1940–50s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Golden Age (1940–50s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_Age_(1940–50s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plots_and_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plots_and_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Plots and themes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plots_and_themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plots and themes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plots_and_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Wave_era_(1960–70s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Wave_era_(1960–70s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>New Wave era (1960–70s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Wave_era_(1960–70s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_SF_(post-New_Wave)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_SF_(post-New_Wave)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern SF (post-New Wave)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_SF_(post-New_Wave)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexo_y_sexualidad_en_la_ficci%C3%B3n_especulativa" title="Sexo y sexualidad en la ficción especulativa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sexo y sexualidad en la ficción especulativa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotika_u_znanstvenoj_fantastici" title="Erotika u znanstvenoj fantastici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Erotika u znanstvenoj fantastici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexo_e_sexualidade_na_fic%C3%A7%C3%A3o_especulativa" title="Sexo e sexualidade na ficção especulativa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sexo e sexualidade na ficção especulativa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bifico-fantastic_erotic" title="Științifico-fantastic erotic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Științifico-fantastic erotic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Секс и сексуальное поведение в фантастике – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Секс и сексуальное поведение в фантастике" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96" title="Секс та сексуальність у фантастиці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Секс та сексуальність у фантастиці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7458476#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&oldid=1240308760" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&id=1240308760&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7458476" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction-article.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Talk:Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.1em;background:#ddddff;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sex and sexuality in<br />speculative fiction</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Main topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproduction_and_pregnancy_in_speculative_fiction" title="Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction">Reproduction</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Genres</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_women_in_American_comics" title="Portrayal of women in American comics">Women in comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_fiction" title="Slash fiction">Slash fiction</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_comics" title="LGBT themes in comics">In comics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_characters_in_comics" title="Category:LGBTQ characters in comics">characters</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_mythology" title="LGBT themes in mythology">In mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_themes_in_horror_fiction" title="LGBTQ themes in horror fiction">In horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_vampire" title="Lesbian vampire">Lesbian vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Recurring elements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_pregnancy" title="Male pregnancy">Male pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-gender_world" title="Single-gender world">Single-gender worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_vampire" title="Lesbian vampire">Lesbian vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture" title="Women warriors in literature and culture">Woman warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynoid" title="Gynoid">Gynoids</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Awards and <a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">conventions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Network" title="Gaylactic Network">Gaylactic Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylaxicon" title="Gaylaxicon">Gaylaxicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Gaylactic Spectrum Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda Literary Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otherwise_Award" title="Otherwise Award">Otherwise Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiscon" title="Wiscon">Wiscon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Universe" title="Broad Universe">Broad Universe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Other topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Refrigerators" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Refrigerators">Women in Refrigerators (website)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Star_Trek" title="Sexuality in Star Trek">Sexuality in <i>Star Trek</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex_in_SF" title="Template:Sex in SF"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex_in_SF" title="Template talk:Sex in SF"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex_in_SF" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex in SF"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sexual themes are frequently used in <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> or related <a href="/wiki/Genres" class="mw-redirect" title="Genres">genres</a>. Such elements may include depictions of realistic sexual interactions in a science fictional setting, a protagonist with an alternative sexuality, a sexual encounter between a human and a fictional extraterrestrial, or exploration of the varieties of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">sexual experience</a> that deviate from the conventional. </p><p>Science fiction and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> have sometimes been more constrained than <a href="/wiki/Literary_fiction" title="Literary fiction">non-genre narrative</a> forms in their depictions of <a href="/wiki/Sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality">sexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a> (SF) and <a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">soft science fiction</a> also offer the freedom to imagine alien or galactic societies different from real-life <a href="/wiki/Cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultures">cultures</a>, making it a tool to examine <a href="/wiki/Sexualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexualism">sexual bias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormativity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gender_bias" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender bias">gender bias</a> and enabling the reader to reconsider their <a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">cultural assumptions</a>. </p><p>Prior to the 1960s, explicit sexuality of any kind was not characteristic of genre speculative fiction due to the relatively high number of minors in the target audience. In the 1960s, science fiction and fantasy began to reflect the changes prompted by the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> movement and the emergence of a <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">feminist science fiction</a> authors imagined cultures in which a variety of <a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">gender models</a> and atypical sexual relationships are the norm, and depictions of sex acts and alternative sexualities became commonplace. </p><p>There is also <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_erotica" title="Category:Science fiction erotica">science fiction erotica</a>, which explores more explicit sexuality and the presentation of themes aimed at inducing <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">arousal</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_analysis">Critical analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Critical analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As genres of <a href="/wiki/Popular_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular literature">popular literature</a>, science fiction and fantasy often seem even more constrained than non-genre literature by their conventions of characterization and the effects that these conventions have on depictions of sexuality and gender.<sup id="cite_ref-glbtq_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glbtq-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sex is often linked to disgust in science fiction and <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and plots based on sexual relationships have mainly been avoided in genre fantasy narratives.<sup id="cite_ref-EoF_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, science fiction and fantasy can also offer more freedom than do non-genre literatures to imagine alternatives to the default assumptions of <a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">heterosexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">masculine superiority</a> that permeate some cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-glbtq_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glbtq-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In speculative fiction, extrapolation allows writers to focus not on the way things are (or were), as non-genre literature does, but on the way things could be different. It provides science fiction with a quality that <a href="/wiki/Darko_Suvin" title="Darko Suvin">Darko Suvin</a> has called "cognitive estrangement": the recognition that what we are reading is not the world as we know it, but a world whose difference forces us to reconsider our own world with an outsider's perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-Suvin_cog_estrangment_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suvin_cog_estrangment-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the extrapolation involves sexuality or gender, it can force the reader to reconsider their <a href="/wiki/Heteronormative" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteronormative">heteronormative</a> cultural assumptions; the freedom to imagine societies different from real-life cultures makes science fiction an incisive tool to examine sexual bias.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In science fiction, such estranging features include <a href="/wiki/Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Technologies">technologies</a> that significantly alter sex or reproduction. In fantasy, such features include figures (for example, <a href="/wiki/Mythological" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythological">mythological</a> deities and heroic <a href="/wiki/Archetypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Archetypes">archetypes</a>) who are not limited by preconceptions of human sexuality and gender, allowing them to be reinterpreted.<sup id="cite_ref-glbtq_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glbtq-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Science fiction has also depicted a plethora of <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">alien</a> methods of reproduction and sex.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Uranian Worlds</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Garber" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Garber">Eric Garber</a> and Lyn Paleo, is an authoritative guide to science fiction literature featuring gay, lesbian, transgender, and related themes. The book covers science fiction literature published before 1990 (2nd edition), providing a short review and commentary on each piece.<sup id="cite_ref-Uranian_worlds_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uranian_worlds-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes_explored">Themes explored</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Themes explored"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the themes explored in speculative fiction include: </p> <ul><li>Sex with aliens, machines and <a href="/wiki/Sex_robot" title="Sex robot">sex robots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_technology" title="Reproductive technology">Reproductive technology</a> including <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_womb" title="Artificial womb">artificial wombs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthenogenesis" title="Parthenogenesis">parthenogenesis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual equality">Sexual equality</a> of men and women</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Female-dominated_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Female-dominated societies">female-dominated societies</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Single-gender_worlds" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-gender worlds">single-gender worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li>Changing <a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment therapy">sex changes</a></li> <li>Sex in <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a></li> <li>Other advances in technology for sexual pleasure such as <a href="/wiki/Teledildonics" title="Teledildonics">teledildonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpreg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpreg">Mpreg</a>, an abbreviation of <a href="/wiki/Male_pregnancy" title="Male pregnancy">male pregnancy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cuomo-1988_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cuomo-1988-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Male_Pregnancy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Male_Pregnancy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sexual <a href="/wiki/Taboos" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboos">taboos</a> and morality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in zero gravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a> and other, more radical measures to prevent overpopulation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SF_literature">SF literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SF literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proto_SF">Proto SF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Proto SF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carmilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Carmilla.jpg/210px-Carmilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Carmilla.jpg/315px-Carmilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Carmilla.jpg/420px-Carmilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1098" /></a><figcaption>Illustration by <a href="/wiki/D._H._Friston" class="mw-redirect" title="D. H. Friston">D. H. Friston</a> that accompanied the first publication of lesbian vampire novella <i>Carmilla</i> in <i>The Dark Blue</i> magazine in 1872</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/True_History" class="mw-redirect" title="True History">True History</a>,</i> a Greek-language tale by <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a> (120-185 CE), has been called the first ever science fiction story.<sup id="cite_ref-Fredericks,_S.C._9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fredericks,_S.C.-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The narrator is suddenly enveloped by a typhoon and swept up to the Moon, which is inhabited by a <a href="/wiki/Single-gender_world" title="Single-gender world">society of men</a> who are at war with the Sun. After the hero distinguishes himself in combat, the king gives him his son, the prince, in marriage. The all-male society reproduces (male children only) by giving birth from the thigh or by growing a child from a plant produced by planting the left testicle in the Moon's soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Homosexuality_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Homosexuality-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encylhomos_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encylhomos-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other proto-SF works, sex itself, of any type, was equated with base desires or "beastliness," as in <i><a href="/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels" title="Gulliver's Travels">Gulliver's Travels</a></i> (1726), which contrasts the animalistic and overtly sexual Yahoos with the reserved and intelligent Houyhnhnms.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early works that showed sexually open characters to be morally impure include the first <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_vampire" title="Lesbian vampire">lesbian vampire</a> story "<i><a href="/wiki/Carmilla" title="Carmilla">Carmilla</a></i>" (1872) by <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Le_Fanu" title="Sheridan Le Fanu">Sheridan Le Fanu</a> (collected in <i><a href="/wiki/In_a_Glass_Darkly" title="In a Glass Darkly">In a Glass Darkly</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1915 <a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">utopian</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Herland_(novel)" title="Herland (novel)">Herland</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a> depicts the visit by three men to an all-female society in which women reproduce by <a href="/wiki/Parthenogenesis" title="Parthenogenesis">parthenogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pulp_era_(1920–30s)"><span id="Pulp_era_.281920.E2.80.9330s.29"></span>Pulp era (1920–30s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pulp era (1920–30s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weird_Tales_February_1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Weird_Tales_February_1929.jpg/200px-Weird_Tales_February_1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Weird_Tales_February_1929.jpg/300px-Weird_Tales_February_1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Weird_Tales_February_1929.jpg/400px-Weird_Tales_February_1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2893" /></a><figcaption>The cover of <i>Weird Tales</i> in February 1929 depicts a scantily-clad young woman.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp</a> era, explicit sexuality of any kind was not characteristic of genre science fiction and fantasy. The frank treatment of sexual topics of earlier literature was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For many years, the editors who controlled what was published, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kay_Tarrant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kay Tarrant (page does not exist)">Kay Tarrant</a>, assistant editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Analog_Science_Fiction_and_Fact" title="Analog Science Fiction and Fact">Astounding Science Fiction</a></i>, felt that they had to protect the adolescent male readership that they identified as their principal market.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the covers of some 1930s pulp magazines showed scantily clad women menaced by tentacled aliens, the covers were often more lurid than the magazines' contents.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Implied or disguised sexuality was as important as that which was openly revealed.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this sense, genre science fiction reflected the social mores of the day, paralleling common prejudices.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was particularly true of pulp fiction, more so than literary works of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a> seminal short story, "<i><a href="/wiki/The_Call_of_Cthulhu" title="The Call of Cthulhu">The Call of Cthulhu</a></i>", first published in the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp magazine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></i> in 1928,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launched what developed into the <i><a href="/wiki/Cthulhu_Mythos" title="Cthulhu Mythos">Cthulhu Mythos</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Shared_universe" title="Shared universe">shared fictional universe</a> taken up by various other writers and considerably affecting the entire field of Fantasy. Bobby Derie's 2014 book <i>Sex and The Cthulhu Mythos</i> treats extensively the various sexual aspects of this <i>Mythos</i>:</p><blockquote><p>"H. P. Lovecraft was one of the most asexual beings in history - at least by his own admission. Whether we accept this view of his own sexual instincts or not, there is no denying that sexuality - normal and aberrant - underlies a number of significant tales in the Lovecraft oeuvre. The impregnation of a human woman by Yog-Sothoth in "<i><a href="/wiki/The_Dunwich_Horror" title="The Dunwich Horror">The Dunwich Horror</a></i>" and the mating of humans with strange creatures from the sea in "<i><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_over_Innsmouth" title="The Shadow over Innsmouth">The Shadow over Innsmouth</a></i>" are only two such examples."</p></blockquote><p><i>Sex and The Cthulhu Mythos</i> examines the significant uses of love, gender, and sex in the work of H. P. Lovecraft, moving on to some of his leading disciples and noting that "The work of such significant writers of the Lovecraft tradition as <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Howard" title="Robert E. Howard">Robert E. Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Ashton_Smith" title="Clark Ashton Smith">Clark Ashton Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Campbell" title="Ramsey Campbell">Ramsey Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._H._Pugmire" title="W. H. Pugmire">W. H. Pugmire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caitl%C3%ADn_R._Kiernan" title="Caitlín R. Kiernan">Caitlín R. Kiernan</a>, features far more explicit sexuality than anything Lovecraft could have imagined". Finally, Derie goes on to study sexual themes in other venues, such as Lovecraftian <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultism</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, and even Lovecraftian fan fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dystopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dystopian">dystopian</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i> (1932), natural reproduction has been abolished, with human <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a> being raised artificially in "hatcheries and conditioning centres." <a href="/wiki/Recreational_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational sex">Recreational sex</a> is promoted, often as a <a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">group activity</a>; what passes for a religious ceremony consists of six men and six women meeting once a week to hold an "orgy porgy". To prepare for this life, little boys and girls are made to play sexual games with each other as part of the official curriculum in what passes for kindergartens and elementary schools. On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, natural birth, and <a href="/wiki/Parenting" title="Parenting">parenthood</a> are considered too <a href="/wiki/Vulgarity" title="Vulgarity">vulgar</a> to be mentioned in polite conversation. An important part of the plot concerns the <i>Savage Reservation</i> in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, where marriage, pregnancy and motherhood are still practiced by the local <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a>. Linda, a woman from 'civilized' London who was marooned there and sticking to her accustomed sexual mores, is persecuted as "a whore" by the local women whose husbands she seduced. John, Linda's son who grew up on the Reservation but was always alienated from its society, comes to London and there falls deeply in love with a girl - seeking a happy loving consummation with her and then violently assaulting her from jealousy when she behaves according to her society's sexual mores. </p><p>One of the earliest examples of genre science fiction that involves a challenging amount of unconventional sexual activity is <i><a href="/wiki/Odd_John" title="Odd John">Odd John</a></i> (1935) by <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Stapledon" title="Olaf Stapledon">Olaf Stapledon</a>. John is a <a href="/wiki/Mutant_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutant (fiction)">mutant</a> with extraordinary mental abilities who will not allow himself to be bound by many of the rules imposed by the ordinary British society of his time. The novel strongly implies that he has consensual <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">intercourse</a> with his mother and that he seduces an older boy who becomes devoted to him but also suffers from the affront that the relationship creates to his own morals. John eventually concludes that any sexual interaction with "normal" humans is akin to bestiality. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/War_with_the_Newts" title="War with the Newts">War with the Newts</a></i>, a 1936 satirical science fiction novel by <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech</a> author <a href="/wiki/Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Karel Čapek">Karel Čapek</a>, concerns the discovery in the Pacific of a sea-dwelling race, an intelligent breed of <a href="/wiki/Newt" title="Newt">newts</a> – who are initially enslaved and exploited by humans and later rebel and go war against them. The book includes a detailed appendix entitled 'The Sex Life of the Newts', which examines the Newts' sexuality and reproductive processes in a <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a> of academese. This is one of the first attempts to speculate on what form sex might have among non-human intelligent beings. </p><p><a href="/wiki/C.L._Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="C.L. Moore">C.L. Moore</a>'s 1934 story "<i><a href="/wiki/Shambleau" title="Shambleau">Shambleau</a></i>" begins in what seems a classical <a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">damsel in distress</a> situation: the protagonist, space adventurer <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Smith" title="Northwest Smith">Northwest Smith</a>, sees a "sweetly-made girl" pursued by a lynch mob intent on killing her and intervenes to save her. But once he takes her to his room, she turns to be a disguised alien creature who spreads her inhuman long tendrils of hair, trapping Smith in a kind of psychic bondage and drawing out his life, and but for his partner arriving and killing her, it would have ended with his death. The story has little explicit sex, and no other physical contact than that of the hair of the "girl" with Smith's body; ye t the story clearly explores sexual themes in a way highly daring for its time. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/C.S._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="C.S. Lewis">C.S. Lewis</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/That_Hideous_Strength" title="That Hideous Strength">That Hideous Strength</a></i>, a prominent place is given among the cast of villains to a monstrous <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a> – Miss Hardcastle, Security Chief of the satanic "Institute" which quite literally intends to take over the world. Hardcastle is presented as an inveterate <a href="/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder" title="Sadistic personality disorder">sadist</a> who takes pleasure in torturing "fluffy" young women and inflicting on them burns with a lighted cigarette. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_Age_(1940–50s)"><span id="Golden_Age_.281940.E2.80.9350s.29"></span>Golden Age (1940–50s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Golden Age (1940–50s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Planet_Stories_November_1953_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Planet_Stories_November_1953_cover.jpg/150px-Planet_Stories_November_1953_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Planet_Stories_November_1953_cover.jpg/225px-Planet_Stories_November_1953_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Planet_Stories_November_1953_cover.jpg/300px-Planet_Stories_November_1953_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>The cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Stories" title="Planet Stories">Planet Stories</a></i> (1953) depicts a female astronaut who looks like a voluptuous pin-up.</figcaption></figure> <p>Regarding the aversion to sexual material in science fiction magazines well into the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Moskowitz" title="Sam Moskowitz">Sam Moskowitz</a> reported: </p> <blockquote><p>Writing in the December, 1945, <i>Fantasy Times</i>, Thomas S. Gardner, Ph.D., said: “Sex should be incorporated into science fiction as a standard life pattern and treated from all phases just as political systems are discussed.... But just mention sex and one has not only a figurative fight but a literal fight on his hands. Sex is very, very tabu, and can cause the most violent disagreements possible. Just why that is so is hard to understand.” <a href="/wiki/Gershon_Legman" title="Gershon Legman">G. Legman</a>, erotica authority, presented his theory. “The reason for this [aversion to sex] is neither due to oversight nor external censorship, but the fact that the largest percentage of the audience for … pulp science fiction literature is composed of adolescent boys (who continue reading it even after they are grown up), who are terrified of women, sex, and pubic hair.”<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foregoing might explain the policy that kept sex out of science fiction, but it fails to explain the absolute rejection of such material until <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lovers_(Farmer_novella_and_novel)" title="The Lovers (Farmer novella and novel)">The Lovers</a></i>. The answer most probably is that science fiction is a literature of ideas. The people who read it are entertained and even find escape through mental stimulation. Sex, vulgar or artistic, is available to them in countless forms if they wish it, but the type of intellectual speculation they enjoy is presented only in science fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>As the readership for science fiction and fantasy <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">began to age in the 1950s</a>, writers were able to introduce more explicit sexuality into their work. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Tenn" title="William Tenn">William Tenn</a> wrote in 1949 <i><a href="/wiki/Venus_and_the_Seven_Sexes" title="Venus and the Seven Sexes">Venus and the Seven Sexes</a></i> – featuring the Plookhs, natives of the planet <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, who require the participation of seven different <a href="/wiki/Biological_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological sex">sexes</a> in order to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">reproduce</a> and who get corrupted by human <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a> Hogan Shlestertrap. The rather satirical story might be the first case of an author speculating of creatures having more than two sexes, an idea later taken up by various others. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lovers_(Farmer_novella_and_novel)" title="The Lovers (Farmer novella and novel)">The Lovers</a></i> (1952), arguably the first science fiction story to feature sex as a major theme, and <i>Strange Relations</i> (1960), a collection of five stories about human/alien sexual relations. In his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Flesh_(novel)" title="Flesh (novel)">Flesh</a></i> (1960; expanded 1968), a hypermasculine antlered man ritually impregnates legions of virgins in order to counter declining male fertility. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breaking_Point_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Breaking_Point_2.png/200px-Breaking_Point_2.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Breaking_Point_2.png/300px-Breaking_Point_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Breaking_Point_2.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>An illustration by Ebel for James E. Gunn's "Breaking Point", appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Science Fiction">Space Science Fiction</a></i>, March 1953.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a> wrote many stories that emphasised the importance of love regardless of the current social norms, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Well_Lost" title="The World Well Lost">The World Well Lost</a></i> (1953), a classic tale involving alien <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, and the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Plus_X" title="Venus Plus X">Venus Plus X</a></i> (1960), in which a contemporary man awakens in a futuristic place where the people are <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphrodites</a>. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Puppet_Masters" title="The Puppet Masters">The Puppet Masters</a></i> was originally published in 1951, it was censored by the publisher to remove various references to sex. The opening scene, where the protagonist is called urgently to HQ on an early morning hour, was re-written to remove all mention of his being in bed with a girl he had casually picked up. The published version did mention that the book's alien invaders cause human beings whose bodies they take over to lose sexual feeling – but removed a later section mentioning that after some time on Earth the invaders "discovered sex" and started engaging in wild orgies and even broadcasting them on TV in areas under their control. Thirty years later, with changing mores, Heinlein published the book's full, unexpurgated text. Heinlein's time-travel short story <i><a href="/wiki/All_You_Zombies" title="All You Zombies">All You Zombies</a></i> (1959) chronicles a young man (later revealed to be <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a>) taken back in time and tricked into impregnating his younger, female self before he underwent a sex change. He then turns out to be the offspring of that union, with the paradoxical result that he is both his own mother and father. In <a href="/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love#"Da_Capo"" title="Time Enough for Love"><i>Time Enough for Love</i></a> (1973), Heinlein's recurring protagonist <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Long" title="Lazarus Long">Lazarus Long</a> – who never grows old and has an extremely long and eventful life – travels backward in time to the period of his own childhood. As an unintentional result, he falls in love with his own mother. He has no guilt feeling about pursuing and eventually consummating that relationship – considering her simply as an extremely attractive young woman named Maureen who just happens to have given birth to him thousands of years ago (as far as his personal timeline is concerned). The sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/To_Sail_Beyond_the_Sunset" title="To Sail Beyond the Sunset">To Sail Beyond the Sunset</a></i> (1987) takes place after Maureen had discovered the true identity of her lover – and shows that for her part, she was more amused than shocked or angry. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a>'s 1958 novel <i>War of the Wing-Men</i>, centers on a species of winged intelligent creatures and sexual differences are central to its plot. Of the two mutually-hostile societies featured in the book, one practices monogamous marriage, while in the other there are every spring several days of a wild indiscriminate orgy – and a complete celibacy for the rest of the year. Ironically, both societies alike consider themselves chaste and the other depraved: "We keep faithful to our mates while they fuck around indiscriminately – disgusting!"; "We keep sex where it belongs, to one week per year where you are not really yourself. They do it all over the year- disgusting!". Humans who land on the planet intervene in the centuries-long war, by showing members of the two societies that they are not all that different from each other. </p><p>Another Poul Anderson novel of the same period, <i>Virgin Planet</i> (1959), deals in a straightforward manner with homosexuality and <a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">polyamory</a> on an exclusively female world. The plot twist is that the protagonist is the only male on a world of women, and though quite a few of them are interested in sex with him, it is never consummated during his sojourn on the planet. </p><p>A mirror image was presented by <a href="/wiki/A._Bertram_Chandler" title="A. Bertram Chandler">A. Bertram Chandler</a> in <i>Spartan Planet</i> (1969), featuring an exclusively male world, where by definition homosexual relations are the normal (and only) sexual relations. The plot revolves around the explosive social upheaval resulting when the planet is discovered by a spaceship from the wider galaxy, whose crew includes both men and women. </p><p>Until the late 1960s, few other writers depicted alternative sexuality or revised gender roles, nor openly investigated sexual questions.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More conventionally, <a href="/wiki/A._Bertram_Chandler" title="A. Bertram Chandler">A. Bertram Chandler</a>'s books include numerous episodes of free fall sex, his characters (male and female alike) strongly prone to extramarital relations and tending to while away the boring months-long Deep Space voyages by forming complicated love triangles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plots_and_themes">Plots and themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Plots and themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Wave_era_(1960–70s)"><span id="New_Wave_era_.281960.E2.80.9370s.29"></span>New Wave era (1960–70s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New Wave era (1960–70s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 1960s, science fiction and fantasy began to reflect the changes prompted by the civil rights movement and the emergence of a counterculture. Within the genres, these changes were incorporated into a movement called "the <a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(science_fiction)" title="New Wave (science fiction)">New Wave</a>," a movement more skeptical of technology, more liberated socially, and more interested in stylistic experimentation. New Wave writers were more likely to claim an interest in "inner space" instead of outer space. They were less shy about explicit sexuality and more sympathetic to reconsiderations of gender roles and the social status of sexual minorities. Notable authors who often wrote on sexual themes included <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Russ" title="Joanna Russ">Joanna Russ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Disch" title="Thomas M. Disch">Thomas M. Disch</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree, Jr.">James Tiptree, Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a>. Under the influence of New Wave editors and authors such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> (editor of the influential <i><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds_(magazine)" title="New Worlds (magazine)">New Worlds</a></i> magazine) and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a>, sympathetic depictions of alternative sexuality and gender multiplied in science fiction and fantasy, becoming commonplace.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian Aldiss</a>'s 1960 novel <i>The Interpreter</i> (in the US published as <i>Bow Down to Nul</i>), Earth is a backwater colony planet in the galactic empire of the Nuls, a giant, three-limbed, civilised alien race. The plot, dealing with complicated relations between humans and their Nul rulers, touches among other things on Nul sex. The Nul wear no clothes, but their equivalent of hands and arms are wide membranes which are normally held in a fixed position before the body, not moving even when the "fingers" are manipulating a tool. Only in a sexual context are the hands moved aside, to reveal the genital organs behind – the equivalent of humans undressing. In one scene, the human protagonist is able to tune to an erotic (or pornographic) Nul sensory device, made for internal Nul consumption and not intended for humans, which replicates the wild ecstasy felt by Nuls when daring to move aside their membrane hands and reveal their bodies to each other – similar in some ways to human sexual arousal but also very different. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land" title="Stranger in a Strange Land">Stranger in a Strange Land</a></i> (1961) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress" title="The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress">The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress</a></i> (1966) both depict heterosexual group marriages and public nudity as desirable social norms, while in Heinlein's <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love" title="Time Enough for Love">Time Enough for Love</a></i> (1973), the main character argues strongly for the future liberty of homosexual sex.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heinlein's character <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Long" title="Lazarus Long">Lazarus Long</a>, travelling back in time to the period of his own childhood, discovers, to his surprise and (initial) shame, a sexual desire of his own mother – but overcoming this initial shame, he comes to think of her simply as "<a href="/wiki/Maureen_Johnson_(Heinlein_character)" title="Maureen Johnson (Heinlein character)">Maureen</a>", an attractive young woman who is far from indifferent to him. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a>-winning short story <i><a href="/wiki/Aye,_and_Gomorrah" title="Aye, and Gomorrah">Aye, and Gomorrah</a></i> (1967) posits the development of <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a> human astronauts, and then depicts the people who become sexually oriented toward them. By imagining a new gender and resultant <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>, the story allows readers to reflect on the real world while maintaining an estranging distance. In his 1975 science fiction novel entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Dhalgren" title="Dhalgren">Dhalgren</a></i>, Delany colors his large canvas with characters of a wide variety of sexualities.<sup id="cite_ref-Dhalgrenrev_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dhalgrenrev-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once again, sex is not the focus of the novel, although it does contain some of the first explicitly described scenes of <a href="/wiki/Gay_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay sex">gay sex</a> in science fiction. Delany depicts, mostly with affection, characters with a wide variety of motivations and behaviours, with the effect of revealing to the reader the fact that these kinds of people exist in the real world. In later works, Delany blurs the line between science fiction and gay pornography. Delany faced resistance from book distribution companies for his treatment of these topics.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, <a href="/wiki/Anne_McCaffrey" title="Anne McCaffrey">Anne McCaffrey</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Dragonflight_(novel)" title="Dragonflight (novel)">Dragonflight</a></i> launched the <i>Dragonriders of Pern</i> series, depicting the lives of humans living in close partnership with dragons. In a key scene, the young golden Dragon Queen takes off on her mating flight, pursued by the male dragons – until finally one of them catches up with her and they engage in passionate mating high up in the air, their necks and wings curled around each other. On the ground the woman and man who are these dragons' riders share their passion telepathically – and inevitably wildly embrace and kiss, embarking in parallel human mating. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> explores radically alternative forms of sexuality in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_Darkness" title="The Left Hand of Darkness">The Left Hand of Darkness</a></i> (1969) and again in <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The Birthday of the World"><i>Coming of Age in Karhide</i></a> (1995), which imagine the sexuality of an alien "human" species in which individuals are neither "male" nor "female," but undergo a monthly sexual cycle in which they randomly experience the activation of either male or female sexual organs and reproductive abilities; this makes them in a sense <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, and in other senses <a href="/wiki/Androgynous" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgynous">androgynous</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermaphroditic">hermaphroditic</a>. It is common for an individual of that species to undergo at some moment of life pregnancy and birth-giving, while at another time having the male role and impregnating somebody else.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the novel, the Genthian political leader, who appears externally male, becomes pregnant. </p><p>Le Guin has written considerations of her own work in two essays, "Is Gender Necessary?" (1976) and "Is Gender Necessary? Redux" (1986), which respond to <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> and other criticism of <i>The Left Hand of Darkness</i>. In these essays, she makes it clear that the novel's assumption that Gethenians would automatically find a mate of the gender opposite to the gender they were becoming produced an unintended <a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormativity</a>. Le Guin has subsequently written many stories that examine the possibilities science fiction allows for non-traditional sexuality, such as the sexual bonding between <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">clones</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nine_Lives_(novelette)" title="Nine Lives (novelette)"><i>Nine Lives</i></a> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-encylhomos_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encylhomos-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the four-way marriages in <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The Birthday of the World"><i>Mountain Ways</i></a> (1996). </p><p>The complicated plot of <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a>'s 1970 fantasy novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guns_of_Avalon" title="The Guns of Avalon">The Guns of Avalon</a></i> includes the protagonist Corwin meeting and making love to Dara, who seems a normal (and very attractive) young woman. But at the end of the book, when she walks the powerfully magical "Pattern" she is changing, her hair "crackling with static electricity" and then she seems to grow horns and hoofs, then becomes an enormous cat, then "a bright winged thing of indescribable beauty" followed by "a tower of ashes". Finally, she again becomes a recognizable Dara, but "tall and magnificent, both beautiful and somehow horrible at the same time, her arms raised in exultation and inhuman laughter flowing from her lips". Shocked, Corwin wonders "had I truly held, caressed, made love to - <i>that</i>?". While Corwin struggles with feeling mightily repelled and simultaneously attracted as never before, the changed Dara declares herself his mortal enemy and nemesis - and disappears. Zelazny's publishers had no problem with this final scene and its ambiguous sexual connotations, but they did object to an earlier sex scene - straightforward but explicit by 1970s American publishing standards - between Corwin and the seemingly normal Dara. Zelazny was amused when the book's editor asked him to remove it "so that sales to libraries would not be jeopardized".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That deleted scene has never appeared with the novel, even in later editions when mores had become more elastic, but has been printed for the first time in <i>The Collected Stories of Roger Zelazny, Volume 3: This Mortal Mountain</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 1972 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> describes an alien race with three sexes, all of them necessary for sexual reproduction. One sex produces a form of sperm, another sex provides the energy needed for reproduction, and members of the <a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third sex</a> bear and raise the offspring. All three genders are included in sexual and social norms of expected and acceptable behavior. In this same novel, the hazards and problems of <a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">sex in microgravity</a> are described, and while people born on the Moon are proficient at it, people from Earth are not.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a>'s <i>Three Worlds to Conquer</i> depicts centaur-like beings living on <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> who have three genders: female, male and "demi-male". In order to conceive, a female must have sex with both a male and a demi-male within a short time of each other. In the society of the protagonist, there are stable, harmonious three-way families, in effect a formalized <a href="/wiki/Menage_a_Trois" class="mw-redirect" title="Menage a Trois">Menage a Trois</a>, with the three partners on equal terms with each other. An individual in that society feels a strong attachment to all three parents – mother, father and demi-father – who all take part in bringing up the young. Conversely, among the harsh invaders who threaten to destroy the protagonist's homeland and culture, males are totally dominant over both females and demi-males; the latter are either killed at birth or preserved in subjugation for reproduction – which the protagonist regards as a barbaric aberration. </p><p>In Anderson's satirical story <i>A Feast for the Gods</i>, the Greek god <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> visits modern America and has casual sex with an American woman, who tells him that she is "on the pill" and does not take seriously Hermes telling her that "The Embrace of a God is always fertile". She ends up pregnant and destined to give birth to a modern <a href="/wiki/Demi_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Demi god">demi god</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist science fiction</a> authors imagined cultures in which homo- and bisexuality and a variety of gender models are the norm.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Russ" title="Joanna Russ">Joanna Russ</a>'s award-winning short story "<a href="/wiki/When_It_Changed" title="When It Changed">When It Changed</a>" (1972), portraying a female-only <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a> society that flourished without men, and her novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Female_Man" title="The Female Man">The Female Man</a></i> (1975), were enormously influential.<sup id="cite_ref-UW_pg._x_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UW_pg._x-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russ was largely responsible for introducing radical <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">lesbian feminism</a> into science fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-UW_pg._118_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UW_pg._118-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bisexual female writer Alice Bradley Sheldon, who used <a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree, Jr.">James Tiptree, Jr.</a> as her <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a>, explored the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_impulse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual impulse">sexual impulse</a> as her main theme.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some stories by Tiptree portray humans becoming sexually obsessed with aliens, such as "<a href="/wiki/And_I_Awoke_and_Found_Me_Here_on_the_Cold_Hill%27s_Side" title="And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side">And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side</a>" (1972), or aliens being sexually abused. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Was_Plugged_In" title="The Girl Who Was Plugged In">The Girl Who Was Plugged In</a></i> (1973) is an early precursor of <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> that depicts a relationship via a <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetically</a> controlled body. In her award-winning novella <i><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Houston,_Do_You_Read%3F" title="Houston, Houston, Do You Read?">Houston, Houston, Do You Read?</a></i> (1976), Tiptree presents a female-only society after the extinction of men from disease. The society lacks stereotypically "male" problems such as <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a> but is stagnant. The women reproduce via cloning, and consider men to be comical. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a>'s novelette <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Way_to_Spook_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Way to Spook City (page does not exist)">The Way to Spook City</a></i> the protagonist meets and has an affair with a woman named Jill, who seems completely human – and convincingly, passionately female human. Increasingly in love with her, he still has a nagging suspicion that she is in fact a disguised member of the mysterious extraterrestrial species known as "Spooks", who had invaded and taken over a large part of the United States. Until the end, he repeatedly grapples with two questions: Is she human or a Spook? And if she is a Spook, could the two of them nevertheless build a life together? </p><p>In the centuries-long, futile space war described in <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forever_War" title="The Forever War">The Forever War</a></i>, the protagonist's increasing feeling of alienation is manifested, among other things, when he is appointed as the commanding officer of a "strike force" whose soldiers are exclusively homosexual, and who resent being commanded by a heterosexual. Later in the book, he finds that while he was fighting in space, humanity has begun to clone itself, resulting in a new, collective species calling itself simply <i>Man</i>. Luckily for the protagonist, <i>Man</i> has established several colonies of old-style, heterosexual humans, just in case the evolutionary change proves to be a mistake. In one of these colonies, the protagonist is happily reunited with his long-lost beloved and they embark upon monogamous marriage and on having children through sexual reproduction and female pregnancy – an incredibly archaic and old-fashioned way of life for most of that time's humanity. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_A._Lynn" title="Elizabeth A. Lynn">Elizabeth A. Lynn</a>'s science fiction novel <i>A Different Light</i> (1978) features a <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">same-sex relationship</a> between two men and inspired the name of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> bookstore chain <a href="/wiki/A_Different_Light_(bookstore)" title="A Different Light (bookstore)">A Different Light</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lynn's <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Tornor" title="The Chronicles of Tornor">The Chronicles of Tornor</a> (1979–80) series of novels, the first of which won the <a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award_for_Best_Novel" class="mw-redirect" title="World Fantasy Award for Best Novel">World Fantasy Award</a>, were among the first fantasy novels to include gay relationships as an unremarkable part of the cultural background. Lynn also wrote novels depicting <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">sadomasochism</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a>, who also came to prominence in the 1970s, is another writer who examined sexual themes in his work.<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his "<a href="/wiki/Eight_Worlds" title="Eight Worlds">Eight Worlds</a>" suite of stories and novels, humanity has achieved the ability to change sex quickly, easily and completely reversibly – leading to a casual attitude with people changing their sex back and forth as the sudden whim takes them. <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a> is shown as initially inhibiting the uptake of this technology, as it engenders drastic changes in relationships, with bisexuality becoming the default mode for society. Sexual themes are central to the story "Options": a married woman, Cleo, living in King City, undergoes a change to male despite her husband's objections. As "Leo" she finds out what it means to be a man in her society and even becomes her husband's best friend. She also learns that people are adopting new names that are historically neither male nor female. She eventually returns to female as "Nile". Varley's <a href="/wiki/Gaea_trilogy" title="Gaea trilogy">Gaea trilogy</a> (1979-1984) features lesbian protagonists. </p><p>Female characters in <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction films">science fiction films</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Barbarella_(film)" title="Barbarella (film)">Barbarella</a></i> (1968), continued to be often portrayed as simple <a href="/wiki/Sex_kitten" title="Sex kitten">sex kittens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_SF_(post-New_Wave)"><span id="Modern_SF_.28post-New_Wave.29"></span>Modern SF (post-New Wave)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern SF (post-New Wave)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the pushing back of boundaries in the 1960s and 70s, sex in genre science fiction gained wider acceptance and was often incorporated into otherwise conventional science fiction stories with little comment. </p><p>In 1968 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Planet_of_Adventure" title="Planet of Adventure">Planet of Adventure</a>, inhabited by four different alien races, each with its own distinct society and culture. One of these – the predatory, part feline, part bird-like <a href="/wiki/Planet_of_Adventure#Dirdir" title="Planet of Adventure">Dirdir</a> – is described as having a very complex sexuality, with many different genders that leads to many different combinations of gender-compatibility when it comes to sex and breeding, though each breeding still seems to involve only two individuals. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Chalker" title="Jack L. Chalker">Jack L. Chalker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Well_World_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Well World series">Well World series</a>, launched in 1977, depicts a world – designed by the super science of a vanished extraterrestrial race, the Markovians – which is divided into numerous "hexes", each inhabited by different sentient race. Anyone entering one of these hexes is transformed into a member of the local race. This plot device gives a wide scope for exploring the divergent biology and cultures of the various species – including their sex life. For example, a human entering a hex inhabited by an insectoid intelligent race is transformed into a female of that species, feels sexual desire for a male and mates with him. Too late does she discover that in this species, pregnancy is fatal – the mother being devoured from the inside by her <a href="/wiki/Larvae" class="mw-redirect" title="Larvae">larvae</a>. </p><p>In a later part, a very <a href="/wiki/Macho" class="mw-redirect" title="Macho">macho</a> villain gains control of a supercomputer whose power includes the ability to "redesign" people's bodies to almost any specification. He uses the computer to give himself a "super-virile" body, capable of a virtually unlimited number of erections and ejaculations – and then proceeds to transform his male enemies into beautiful women and induce in them a strong sexual desire towards himself. However, a computer breakdown restores to these captives their normal minds. Though they are still in women's bodies, these bodies were designed with great strength and stamina, so as to enable them to undergo repeated sexual encounters. Thus, they are well-equipped to chase, catch and suitably punish their abuser. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Jem_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jem (novel)">Jem</a></i>, humans exploring the eponymous planet Jem discover by experience that local beings emit a <a href="/wiki/Milt" title="Milt">milt</a> which has a strong aphrodisiac effect on humans. Characters who were hitherto not at all drawn to each other find themselves suddenly involved in wild, uncontrollable sex. At the ironic ending, their descendants who colonize the planet and build up a distinctive society and culture develop the custom of celebrating Christmas by deliberately stimulating the local beings into emitting the milt, and then taking off their clothes and engaging in a wild indiscriminate <a href="/wiki/Orgy" title="Orgy">orgy</a> – their copulations accompanied by a chorus of the planet's enslaved indigenous beings who were taught to sing "<a href="/wiki/Good_King_Wenceslas" title="Good King Wenceslas">Good King Wenceslas</a>", with the song's Christian significance long forgotten. </p><p>Also set on an alien planet, <a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a>'s acclaimed short story "<a href="/wiki/Bloodchild_and_Other_Stories" title="Bloodchild and Other Stories"><i>Bloodchild</i></a>" (1984) depicts the complex relationship between human <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> and the insect-like aliens who keep them in a <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">preserve</a> to protect them, but also to use them as <a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">hosts</a> for breeding their young. Sometimes called Butler's "pregnant man story," "Bloodchild" won the <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holden_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holden-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other of Butler's works explore <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">miscegenation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-consensual_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-consensual sex">non-consensual sex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hybridity" title="Hybridity">hybridity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferreira_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferreira-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a>'s 1982 novella <i>Homefaring</i>, the protagonist enters the mind of an intelligent <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobster</a> of the very far future and experiences all aspects of lobster life, including sex: "He approached a female, knowing precisely which one was the appropriate one, and sang to her, and she acknowledged his song with a song of her own, and raised her third pair of legs for him, and let him plant his <a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gametes</a> beside her <a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">oviducts</a>. There was no apparent pleasure in it, as he remembered pleasure from his time as a human. Yet it brought him a subtle but unmistakable sense of fulfillment, of the completion of biological destiny, that had a kind of orgasmic finality about it, and left him calm and anchored at the absolute dead center of his soul". When finally returning to his human body and his human lover, he keeps longing for the lobster life, to "his mate and her millions of <a href="/wiki/Larvae" class="mw-redirect" title="Larvae">larvae</a>". </p><p>Quentin and Alice, the extremely shy and insecure protagonists of <a href="/wiki/Lev_Grossman" title="Lev Grossman">Lev Grossman</a>'s fantasy novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magicians_(Grossman_novel)" title="The Magicians (Grossman novel)">The Magicians</a></i>, spend years as fellow students at a <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_magic_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional magic schools">School of Magic</a> without admitting to being deeply in love with each other. Only the experience of being magically turned into <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a> enables them at last to break through their reserve: "Increasingly, Quentin noticed one scent more than the others. It was a sharp, acrid, skunky musk that probably would have smelled like cat piss to a human being, but to a fox it was like a drug. He tackled the source of the smell, buried his snuffling muzzle in her fur, because he had known all along, with what was left of his consciousness, that what he was smelling was Alice. Vulpine hormones and instincts were powering up, taking over, manhandling what was left of his rational human mind." </p><p>The next sequence depicts animal sex: "He locked his teeth in the thick fur of her neck. It didn't seem to hurt her any, or at least not in a way that was easily distinguishable from pleasure. He caught a glimpse of Alice's wild, dark fox eyes rolling with terror and then half shutting with pleasure. Their tiny quick breathes puffed white in the air and mingled and disappeared. Her white fox fur was coarse and smooth at the same time, and she made little yipping sounds every time he pushed himself deeper inside her. He never wanted to stop".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When resuming their human bodies, Quentin and Alice are initially even more shy and awkward with each other, and only after going through some harrowing magical experiences are they finally able to have human sex. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> explores many areas of sexuality in the multiple award-winning novels and stories of her <a href="/wiki/Vorkosigan_Saga" title="Vorkosigan Saga">Vorkosigan Saga</a> (1986-ongoing), which are set in a fictional universe influenced by the availability of <a href="/wiki/Uterine_replicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine replicator">uterine replicators</a> and significant <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a>. These areas include an all-male society, <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">promiscuity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic">monastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a>, hermaphroditism, and bisexuality. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythopoeic Award">Mythopoeic Award</a>-winning novel <i><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bishop_(author)#Unicorn_Mountain" title="Michael Bishop (author)">Unicorn Mountain</a></i> (1988), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bishop_(author)" title="Michael Bishop (author)">Michael Bishop</a> includes a gay male <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> patient among the carefully drawn central characters who must respond to an <a href="/wiki/Irruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Irruption">irruption</a> of dying <a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">unicorns</a> at their Colorado <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a>. The death of the hedonistic <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture#Gay_men's_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture">gay culture</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">safe sex</a> campaign resulting from the AIDS epidemic, are explored, both literally and metaphorically.<sup id="cite_ref-CluteOrbit2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CluteOrbit2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sex has a major role in <a href="/wiki/Harry_Turtledove" title="Harry Turtledove">Harry Turtledove</a>'s 1990 novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_World_of_Difference_(novel)" title="A World of Difference (novel)">A World of Difference</a></i>, taking place on the planet Minerva (a more habitable analogue of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>). Minervan animals (including the <a href="/wiki/Sentience" title="Sentience">sentient</a> Minervans) are <a href="/wiki/Symmetry_in_biology#Hexamerism_and_octamerism" title="Symmetry in biology">hexameristically radially symmetrical</a>. This means that they have six eyes spaced equally all around, see in all directions and have no "back" where somebody could sneak on them unnoticed. Females (referred to as "mates" by the Minervans) give birth to litters that consist of one male and five females, and the "mates" always die after reproducing because of torrential bleeding from the places where the six <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetuses</a> were attached; this gives a population multiplication of 5 per generation if all females live to adolescence and reproduce. </p><p>Females reach puberty while still hardly out of childhood, and typically experience sex only once in the lifetime – leading to pregnancy and death at birth-giving. Thus, in Minervan society male dominance seems truly determined by a biological imperative – though it takes different forms in various Minervan societies: in some females are considered expendable and traded as property, in other they are cherished and their tragic fate mourned – but still, their dependent status is taken for granted. The American women arriving on Minerva and discovering this situation consider it intolerable; a major plot element is their efforts, using the resources of Earth medical science, to find a way of saving the Minervan females and letting them survive birth-giving. At the end, they do manage to save a particularly sympathetic Minervan female – potentially opening the way for a complete upheaval in Minervan society. </p><p>Sex is also an important ingredient in another of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Turtledove" title="Harry Turtledove">Harry Turtledove</a>'s works, the <a href="/wiki/Worldwar_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwar Series">Worldwar Series</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative History">Alternative History</a>, based on the premise of reptile extraterrestrials, nicknamed "The Lizards", invading Earth in 1942, forcing humans to terminate the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and unite against this common enemy. As depicted by Turtledove, the "Lizards" have no concept whatever that sex ought to be private, and they engage in it in public as in any other activity. This leads to human beings in areas occupied by them feeling shocked and outraged by the "immorality" of their new masters - especially that the invaders, preferring hot climates, prioritize conquest of the Arab and Islamic countries. For their part, the invaders are genuinely puzzled by the Humans' insistence on having privacy for sex and their outrage when reptile warriors walk in on them when engaged in it. As gradually becomes clear, on their home planet, the "Lizards" have a clearly defined <a href="/wiki/Mating_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Mating season">mating season</a>, when normal activity ceases and they engage in a days-long, indiscriminate <a href="/wiki/Orgy" title="Orgy">orgy</a>; as their young can fend for themselves from the moment of hatching from the egg, there is no of parental care and they have no marriages or families, and thus there is no reason to establish paternity. Outside the mating season, sex does not occur among them and does not concern them. However, when arriving on Earth they soon discover that <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, an innocuous spice to humans, acts as a powerful <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotic</a> on the invaders' physiology - and that it causes their females to become sexually active and emit pheromones, out of the normal season. This causes an unaccustomed disruption of their daily activity, with females who had taken ginger suddenly becoming sexual, males and females then feeling compelled to immediately engage in mating before they could resume their daily work. This also arises the phenomenon of females deliberately taking ginger in return for payment - <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a> having been completely unknown in their society before their arrival on Earth. </p><p>In the far future human colony of <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_at_the_End_of_Time" title="The World at the End of Time">The World at the End of Time</a></i>, the common way to produce new humans is for a geneticist to take DNA samples from two or more "parents" – regardless of their being male or female. The DNA is then combined in a laboratory, and the parents arrive to pick up the baby nine months later. The few couples who prefer to do it in the old fashioned way, a man sexually impregnating a woman, are considered strange but harmless eccentrics. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Glory_Season" title="Glory Season">Glory Season</a></i> (1993) by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> is set on the planet Stratos, inhabited by a strain of human beings designed to conceive clones in winter, and normal children in summer. All clones are female, because males cannot reproduce themselves individually. Further, males and females have opposed seasons of sexual receptivity; women are sexually receptive in winter, and men in summer. (This unusual <a href="/wiki/Heterogamous" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogamous">heterogamous</a> reproductive cycle is known to be evolutionarily advantageous for some species of <a href="/wiki/Aphid#reproduction" title="Aphid">aphids</a>.) The novel treats themes of <a href="/wiki/Separatist_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Separatist feminism">separatist feminism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">biological determinism</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bear" title="Elizabeth Bear">Elizabeth Bear</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Carnival_(Bear_novel)" title="Carnival (Bear novel)">Carnival</a></i> (2006) revisits the <a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">trope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Single-gender_world" title="Single-gender world">single-gender world</a>, as a pair of gay male ambassador-spies attempt to infiltrate and subvert the predominately lesbian civilization of New Amazonia, whose <a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">matriarchal</a> rulers have all but <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">enslaved</a> their men.<sup id="cite_ref-ion_Carnival_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ion_Carnival-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SF_Site_Carnival_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SF_Site_Carnival-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fantasy world of <a href="/wiki/Scott_Lynch" title="Scott Lynch">Scott Lynch</a>'s 2007 <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Seas_Under_Red_Skies" title="Red Seas Under Red Skies">Red Seas Under Red Skies</a></i> offers a new variation on the long-established genre of <a href="/wiki/Pirates_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirates in popular culture">pirate literature</a> – depicting a pirate ship which is run on the basis of complete gender equality. The pirate crew is composed of a roughly equal number of men and women, and crew members may freely engage in sex – homosexual or heterosexual, as they choose – when off duty. Since shipboard life offers little chance of privacy, the sound of people having a noisy orgasm is a normal part of night time routine on board the <i>Poison Orchid</i>. </p><p>However, any attempt at a sexual act without the other person's <a href="/wiki/Sexual_consent" title="Sexual consent">sexual consent</a> is punished immediately and severely. The formidable Captain Zamira Drakasha is raising her two children aboard, and is well able to combine being a deadly fighter and strict disciplinarian with her role as a loving and doting mother – but having children aboard is a privilege reserved to the Captain alone; other female pirates who get pregnant must leave their children on shore. </p><p>The plot of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tam%C3%ADr_Triad" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tamír Triad">The Tamír Triad</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Flewelling" title="Lynn Flewelling">Lynn Flewelling</a> has a major <a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">transsexual</a> element. To begin with the protagonist, Prince Tobin, is to all appearances a male – both in his own perception and in that of others. Boys who swim naked together with Tobin have no reason to doubt his male anatomy. Yet, due to the magical reasons which are an important part of the plot, in the underlying, essential identity Tobin had always been a disguised girl. In the series' cataclysmic scene of magical change, this becomes an evident physical fact, and Prince Tobin becomes Queen Tamír, shedding the male body and gaining a fully functioning female one. Yet, it takes Tamír a considerable time and effort to come to terms with her female sexuality. </p><p> In <i>Lateral Magazine</i>, <i>The freedom of a genre: Sexuality in speculative fiction</i>:</p><blockquote><p>In another twist of today's society, <i><a href="/wiki/Nontraditional_Love" title="Nontraditional Love">Nontraditional Love</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Grugman" title="Rafael Grugman">Rafael Grugman</a> (2008) puts together an upside-down society where heterosexuality is outlawed, and homosexuality is the norm. A 'traditional' family unit consists of two dads with a surrogate mother. Alternatively, two mothers, one of whom bears a child. In a nod to the always-progressive Netherlands, this country is the only country progressive enough to allow opposite sex marriage. This is perhaps the most obvious example of cognitive estrangement. It puts the reader in the shoes of the oppressed by modelling an entire world of opposites around a fairly "normal" everyday heterosexual protagonist. A heterosexual reader would not only be able to identify with the main character but be immersed in a world as oppressive and bigoted as the real world has been for homosexuals and the queer community throughout history.<sup id="cite_ref-Lateral_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lateral-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The 2018 <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Lawrence_Watt-Evans#Ethshar_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of works by Lawrence Watt-Evans">Stone Unturned</a></i>, set in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Watt-Evans" title="Lawrence Watt-Evans">Lawrence Watt-Evans</a>' magical world of <a href="/wiki/Ethshar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethshar">Ethshar</a>, begins with the young wizard Morvash of the Shadows discovering that some of the statues in his uncle's house were real people turned to stone, and sets out to do the right thing. What Morvash considered the most disturbing of these statues "was hidden away in a sort of marble grotto in the garden behind the house, and depicted a young man and a young woman in what might politely be called an intimate embrace, or a compromising position. They were not in the sort of elegant pose that artists use for erotica, with graceful lines displaying the female's curves and the male's muscles. They were in an earthier position. The woman — a girl, really — was on her back, with her knees drawn up to her chest and her head raised as her blank stone eyes stared perpetually at the man's belly. Her mouth was open as if panting. Her partner was kneeling between her legs, leaning forward over her, one hand grabbing her shoulder, the other occupied elsewhere. His eyes were closed, but his mouth was also open; Morvash thought it was more of a moan than a pant. He could almost smell the sweat. Neither wore any clothing whatsoever, nor were there any artfully-placed draperies or fig leaves to obscure the details. Had the wizard responsible for this petrifaction timed it deliberately, or had he caught them in this position by accident?" </p><p>Eventually, it turns out that the couple were Prince Marek of Melitha and Darissa the Witch's Apprentice, who had fallen deeply in love with each other during a war that threatened their kingdom and who sought to celebrate victory with a bout of intensive love-making in the privacy of the Prince's bedchamber – but were surprised and turned into stone by a wizard in the employ of the Prince's envious sister, who sought to seize the throne. Afterwards, the couple spent forty petrified years, dimly conscious, perpetually caught in their sexual act and forming a prized item in Lord Landessin's sculpture collection. When the wizard Morvash finally manages to bring them back to life, they find themselves lying on the floor in a big hall, surrounded by various other people who were also revived from petrifaction, and hasten to disengage and look for something to cover their nakedness. After various other adventures, they finally get married and fully clothed mount the throne of Melitha as King and Queen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/27px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/41px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/54px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hawkeye_Initiative" title="The Hawkeye Initiative">The Hawkeye Initiative</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree,_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree, Jr. Award">James Tiptree, Jr. Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproduction_and_pregnancy_in_speculative_fiction" title="Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction">Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishathra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishathra">Rishathra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-gender_world" title="Single-gender world">Single-gender world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_fiction" title="Slash fiction">Slash fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer#Sexual" title="Philip José Farmer"> Philip José Farmer#Sexual Themes</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Georgiadou, Aristoula & Larmour, David H.J in their introduction: "...Lucian's Verae Historiae ("True Histories"), a fantastic journey narrative considered the earliest surviving example of Science Fiction in the Western tradition."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunn, James E. denotes <i>True History</i> as "Proto-Science Fiction", p.249</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-glbtq-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-glbtq_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glbtq_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glbtq_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528020223/http://www.glbtq.com/literature/scifi_fantasy.html">"Science Fiction and Fantasy"</a>. <i>glbtq</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glbtq.com/literature/scifi_fantasy.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glbtq&rft.atitle=Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glbtq.com%2Fliterature%2Fscifi_fantasy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoSF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_CluteDavid_LangfordPeter_Nicholls2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">John Clute</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">David Langford</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicholls_(writer)" title="Peter Nicholls (writer)">Peter Nicholls</a> (August 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/sex">"Themes: Sex"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Themes%3A+Sex&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft.au=John+Clute&rft.au=David+Langford&rft.au=Peter+Nicholls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fsex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoF-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoF_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Grant_(author)" title="John Grant (author)">Grant, John</a>,<i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i>, "Sex" p. 854, 1st Ed., (1997), Orbit, Great Britain, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85723-897-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85723-897-4">1-85723-897-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suvin_cog_estrangment-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suvin_cog_estrangment_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Darko_Suvin" title="Darko Suvin">Darko Suvin</a>. <i>Metamorphoses of Science Fiction</i>, Yale Univ Pr: 1979 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02375-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02375-6">978-0-300-02375-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uranian_worlds-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Uranian_worlds_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Garber" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Garber">Eric Garber</a>, Lyn Paleo <i>Uranian Worlds: A Guide to Alternative Sexuality in Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror</i>, 2nd Edition, <a href="/wiki/G_K_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="G K Hall">G K Hall</a>: 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-1832-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-1832-8">978-0-8161-1832-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cuomo-1988-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cuomo-1988_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy Cuomo, "The Scientific Appropriation of Female Reproductive Power in Junior", <i><a href="/wiki/Extrapolation" title="Extrapolation">Extrapolation</a></i>, v.39, n.4, pp. 352-363 (Winter 1988).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Male_Pregnancy-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Male_Pregnancy_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert J. Sawyer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfwriter.com/20pregna.htm">Male Pregnancy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Within fan fiction, a number of subgenres are well recognized....<i><a href="/wiki/Mpreg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpreg">mpreg</a></i>, where a man gets pregnant." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelleksonKristina_Busse2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Hellekson" title="Karen Hellekson">Hellekson, Karen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kristina_Busse" title="Kristina Busse">Kristina Busse</a> (2006). <i>Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet: New Essays</i>. McFarland. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2640-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2640-9"><bdi>978-0-7864-2640-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fan+Fiction+and+Fan+Communities+in+the+Age+of+the+Internet%3A+New+Essays&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2640-9&rft.aulast=Hellekson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Kristina+Busse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fredericks,_S.C.-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fredericks,_S.C._9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/8/fredericks8art.htm">"S.C. Fredericks- Lucian's True History as SF"</a>. <i>www.depauw.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.depauw.edu&rft.atitle=S.C.+Fredericks-+Lucian%27s+True+History+as+SF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.depauw.edu%2Fsfs%2Fbackissues%2F8%2Ffredericks8art.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Homosexuality-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Homosexuality_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wayne R. Dynes, Warren Johansson, William A. Percy, Stephen Donaldson <i>Encyclopedia of Homosexuality</i>, Pg. 752, Garland Publishing Inc: 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-6544-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-6544-7">978-0-8240-6544-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encylhomos-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encylhomos_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encylhomos_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108041025/http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/index.php/Encyclopedia_of_Homosexuality">"Encyclopedia of Homosexuality - William A. Percy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/index.php/Encyclopedia_of_Homosexuality">the original</a> on 2008-01-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Homosexuality+-+William+A.+Percy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.williamapercy.com%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%2FEncyclopedia_of_Homosexuality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garber & Paleo, "Carmilla" p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane1997" class="citation book cs1">Lane, Ann (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D7QUUz4mynUC&q=herland&pg=PA305"><i>To Herland and beyond: the life and work of Charlotte Perkins Gilman</i></a>. University of Virginia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8139-1742-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8139-1742-5"><bdi>0-8139-1742-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Herland+and+beyond%3A+the+life+and+work+of+Charlotte+Perkins+Gilman&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8139-1742-5&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD7QUUz4mynUC%26q%3Dherland%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovecraft2005" class="citation book cs1">Lovecraft, H.P. (2005). <i>Tales</i> (2nd ed.). New York: Library of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931082-72-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-931082-72-3"><bdi>1-931082-72-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56068806">56068806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Library+of+America&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56068806&rft.isbn=1-931082-72-3&rft.aulast=Lovecraft&rft.aufirst=H.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerie2014" class="citation book cs1">Derie, Bobby (2014-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Cthulhu-Mythos-Bobby-Derie/dp/1614980888"><i>Sex and the Cthulhu Mythos</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). Hippocampus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61498-088-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61498-088-9"><bdi>978-1-61498-088-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+and+the+Cthulhu+Mythos&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Hippocampus+Press&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-61498-088-9&rft.aulast=Derie&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FSex-Cthulhu-Mythos-Bobby-Derie%2Fdp%2F1614980888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAncientHistory2014" class="citation web cs1">AncientHistory (2014-10-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Lovecraft/comments/2ipn94/some_excerpts_from_sex_and_the_cthulhu_mythos/">"Some Excerpts from "Sex and the Cthulhu Mythos"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>r/Lovecraft</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=r%2FLovecraft&rft.atitle=Some+Excerpts+from+%22Sex+and+the+Cthulhu+Mythos%22&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft.au=AncientHistory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FLovecraft%2Fcomments%2F2ipn94%2Fsome_excerpts_from_sex_and_the_cthulhu_mythos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Horn Book, Studies in Erotic Folklore and Bibliography</i> (University Books, 1964).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moskowitz, Sam (1965), <i><a href="/wiki/Seekers_of_Tomorrow" title="Seekers of Tomorrow">Seekers of Tomorrow</a>: Masters of Modern Science Fiction</i>; <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Press" title="Hyperion Press">Hyperion</a>, pg 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dhalgrenrev-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dhalgrenrev_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfsite.com/02b/dh122.htm">"The SF Site Featured Review: Dhalgren"</a>. <i>www.sfsite.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sfsite.com&rft.atitle=The+SF+Site+Featured+Review%3A+Dhalgren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfsite.com%2F02b%2Fdh122.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"...And Call Me Roger": The Literary Life of Roger Zelazny, Part 3, by Christopher S. Kovacs. In: <i>The Collected Stories of Roger Zelazny, Volume 3: This Mortal Mountain</i>, NESFA Press, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Collected Stories of Roger Zelazny, Volume 3: This Mortal Mountain</i>, NESFA Press, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1990). <i>The Gods Themselves</i> (reprinted ed.). Bantam Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-28810-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-28810-0"><bdi>978-0-553-28810-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gods+Themselves&rft.edition=reprinted&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-553-28810-0&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UW_pg._x-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UW_pg._x_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Garber, Lyn Paleo <i>Uranian Worlds: A Guide to Alternative Sexuality in Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror</i>, "Preface" p. x G K Hall: 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8161-8573-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8161-8573-5">0-8161-8573-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UW_pg._118-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UW_pg._118_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Garber, Lyn Paleo <i>Uranian Worlds: A Guide to Alternative Sexuality in Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror</i>, "Joanna Russ", p 118, G K Hall: 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-1832-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-1832-8">978-0-8161-1832-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/l/elizabeth-a-lynn/">"Elizabeth A Lynn"</a>. <i>Fantastic Fiction</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fantastic+Fiction&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+A+Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fantasticfiction.co.uk%2Fl%2Felizabeth-a-lynn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/1997/Issues/10/Lynn.html">"Locus: Elizabeth A. Lynn: A New Spring"</a>. <i>Locus Magazine</i>. 1977<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Locus+Magazine&rft.atitle=Locus%3A+Elizabeth+A.+Lynn%3A+A+New+Spring&rft.date=1977&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.locusmag.com%2F1997%2FIssues%2F10%2FLynn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInness1998" class="citation book cs1">Inness, Sherrie A. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toughgirlswomenw00inne/page/102"><i>Tough girls: women warriors and wonder women in popular culture</i></a></span>. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toughgirlswomenw00inne/page/102">102</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-3466-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-3466-4"><bdi>978-0-8122-3466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tough+girls%3A+women+warriors+and+wonder+women+in+popular+culture&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Published+by+University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-3466-4&rft.aulast=Inness&rft.aufirst=Sherrie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftoughgirlswomenw00inne%2Fpage%2F102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holden-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holden_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holden, Rebecca J, and Nisi Shawl. <i>Strange Matings: Science Fiction, Feminism, African American Voices, and Octavia E. Butler</i>. Seattle, WA : Aqueduct Press, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferreira-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferreira_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferreira, Maria Aline. "Symbiotic Bodies and Evolutionary Tropes in the Work of Octavia Butler." <i>Science Fiction Studies</i> 37. 3 (November 2010): 401-415.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Magicians", Book One, Chapter "Marie Byrd Land"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CluteOrbit2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CluteOrbit2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>. "SF Novels of the Year." <i>The Orbit Science Fiction Yearbook Two</i>. Ed. David S. Garnett. London: Futura Books, 1989. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ion_Carnival-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ion_Carnival_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewitz2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Annalee_Newitz" title="Annalee Newitz">Newitz, Annalee</a> (May 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/387818/environmental-fascists-fight-gun-loving-lesbians-for-alien-technology">"Environmental Fascists Fight Gun-Loving Lesbians for Alien Technology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+Fascists+Fight+Gun-Loving+Lesbians+for+Alien+Technology&rft.pub=io9&rft.date=2008-05-06&rft.aulast=Newitz&rft.aufirst=Annalee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2F387818%2Fenvironmental-fascists-fight-gun-loving-lesbians-for-alien-technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SF_Site_Carnival-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SF_Site_Carnival_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKincaid2007" class="citation web cs1">Kincaid, Paul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfsite.com/05b/ca248.htm">"<i>Carnival</i> by Elizabeth Bear"</a>. <i>SF Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SF+Site&rft.atitle=Carnival+by+Elizabeth+Bear&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kincaid&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfsite.com%2F05b%2Fca248.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lateral-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lateral_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lateralmag.com/articles/issue-8/the-freedom-of-a-genre-sexuality-in-speculative-fiction">"The freedom of a genre: Sexuality in speculative fiction"</a>. <i>Lateral Magazine</i>. 2016-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lateral+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+freedom+of+a+genre%3A+Sexuality+in+speculative+fiction&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lateralmag.com%2Farticles%2Fissue-8%2Fthe-freedom-of-a-genre-sexuality-in-speculative-fiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASex+and+sexuality+in+speculative+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">31</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="1839" data-mwtitle="En-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction-article.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/En-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction-article.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/En-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction-article.ogg/En-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction-article.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction-article.ogg" title="File:En-Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction-article.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 13 March 2016<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2016-03-13</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sexuality in speculative fiction">Sexuality in speculative fiction</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021017000441/http://hubcap.clemson.edu/~sparks/sffem.html">Imagined Sexual Futures: reading list</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feministsf.org/">Feministsf.org: Feminist SF, Fantasy & Utopias: annotated bibliographies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/sex">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction: Sex</a> ("This entry is primarily about human sexual relationships and sexual stereotypes as themes in s[cience] f[iction]; i.e., it is primarily about Psychology and Sociology.")</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Cthulhu-Mythos-Bobby-Derie/dp/1614980888">Review and cover page of "Sex and the Cthulhu Mythos" by Bobby Derie, 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Lovecraft/comments/2ipn94/some_excerpts_from_sex_and_the_cthulhu_mythos/">Online excerpts from "Sex and the Cthulhu Mythos" by Bobby Derie, 2014</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_sexuality_and_sexology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_sexuality" title="Template:Human sexuality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_sexuality" title="Template talk:Human sexuality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_sexuality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human sexuality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_sexuality_and_sexology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">Human sexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sexology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual relationship">Sexual relationship</a><br />phenomena</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictosexuality" title="Fictosexuality">Fictosexuality</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_dating" title="Casual dating">Casual relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">Casual sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">Celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_shyness" class="mw-redirect" title="Love shyness">Love shyness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celibacy_syndrome" title="Celibacy syndrome">Celibacy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbivore_men" title="Herbivore men">Herbivore men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committed_relationship" title="Committed relationship">Committed relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_with_benefits_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends with benefits relationships">Friends with benefits relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">Heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-night_stand" title="One-night stand">One-night stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_promiscuity" title="Female promiscuity">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romantic love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_life" title="Sex life">Sex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_partner" title="Sexual partner">Sexual partner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_person" title="Single person">Single person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Sexual dynamics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical attractiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_frustration" title="Sexual frustration">Sexual frustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociosexuality" title="Sociosexuality">Sociosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexecology" title="Sexecology">Sexecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">Sexual and reproductive health and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Addicts_Anonymous" title="Sex Addicts Anonymous">Sex Addicts Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_jealousy" title="Sexual jealousy">Sexual jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_norm" title="Sexual norm">Sexual norm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_fiction" title="Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_fiction" title="Template talk:Science fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art,<br />and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSFA_Award" title="BSFA Award">BSFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FantLab%27s_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television#Continental_European_science_fiction_series" title="Science fiction on television">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_in_fiction" title="Evolution in fiction">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_extraterrestrials" title="Lists of fictional extraterrestrials">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic engineering in science fiction">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology_in_fiction" title="Nanotechnology in fiction">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetics_in_fiction" title="Prosthetics in fiction">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Viewer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_astronauts" title="Lists of fictional astronauts">Fictional astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_history" title="Future history">Future history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_Fiction" title="Museum of Science Fiction">Museum of Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_science" title="Rubber science">Rubber science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Science and technology studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">Sense of wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_and_society" title="Technology and society">Technology and society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction" title="Category:Science fiction">Category</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Science_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Science fiction">Portal</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nudity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nudity" title="Template:Nudity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nudity" title="Template talk:Nudity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nudity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nudity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nudity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">Nudity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nakedness and clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nudity" title="History of nudity">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_nakedness_and_clothing" title="Prehistory of nakedness and clothing">Prehistory of nakedness and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakedness_and_colonialism" title="Nakedness and colonialism">Nakedness and colonialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_nudity" title="Childhood nudity">Childhood nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">Sex segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_religion" title="Nudity in religion">Nudity in religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_public" title="Breastfeeding in public">Breastfeeding in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">Public bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">Finnish sauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massage" title="Massage">Massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">Toplessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom" title="Topfreedom">Topfreedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_toplessness_in_Canada" title="Female toplessness in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Topfreedom in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_and_protest" title="Nudity and protest">Nudity and protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Clothing laws by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nudity_and_sexuality" title="Nudity and sexuality">Nudity and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_part" title="Intimate part">Intimate part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism">Exhibitionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mooning" title="Mooning">Mooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaking" title="Streaking">Streaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripper" title="Stripper">Stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_stripper" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist stripper">Feminist stripper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">Voyeurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anasyrma" title="Anasyrma">Anasyrma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candaulism" title="Candaulism">Candaulism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_social_nudity" title="Issues in social nudity">Issues in social nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexualization" title="Sexualization">Sexualization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornification" title="Pornification">Pornification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_malfunction" title="Wardrobe malfunction">Wardrobe malfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_search" title="Strip search">Strip search</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism">Naturism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturist_resort" title="Naturist resort">Naturist resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_naturism" title="Christian naturism">Christian naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_naturism" title="Gay naturism">Gay naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosophy" title="Gymnosophy">Gymnosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naturist_magazines" title="Category:Naturist magazines">Naturist magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_organizations" title="List of social nudity organizations">Social nudity organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Anarchist naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_social_nudity" title="Timeline of social nudity">Timeline of social nudity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nude_recreation" title="Nude recreation">Nude recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">Nude beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming" title="Nude swimming">Nude swimming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming_in_US_indoor_pools" title="Nude swimming in US indoor pools">Nude swimming classes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party">Naked party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_wedding" title="Nude wedding">Nude wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nude_beaches" title="Category:Nude beaches">Nude beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clothing-optional_events" title="Category:Clothing-optional events">Clothing-optional events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_social_nudity_is_practised" title="List of places where social nudity is practised">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Africa" title="List of social nudity places in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Asia" title="List of social nudity places in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Europe" title="List of social nudity places in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_North_America" title="List of social nudity places in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_nudity_in_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Social nudity in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_nudity_in_Seattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Social nudity in Seattle">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Oceania" title="List of social nudity places in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_South_America" title="List of social nudity places in South America">South America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_nudity_advocates" title="Category:Social nudity advocates">Social nudity advocates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Barthel" title="Kurt Barthel">Kurt Barthel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Baxandall" title="Lee Baxandall">Lee Baxandall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bindrim" title="Paul Bindrim">Paul Bindrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilsley_Boone" title="Ilsley Boone">Ilsley Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Huntington" title="Henry S. Huntington">Henry S. Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Pudor" title="Heinrich Pudor">Heinrich Pudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_Raymond_Shaw" title="Elton Raymond Shaw">Elton Raymond Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ungewitter" title="Richard Ungewitter">Richard Ungewitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_nudity" title="Depictions of nudity">Depictions of nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_(art)" title="Nude (art)">Nude (art)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_nude_in_art" title="History of the nude in art">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Nude modeling (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography_(art)" title="Nude photography (art)">Nude photography (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_live_performance" title="Nudity in live performance">Nudity in live performance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_painting" title="Body painting">Body painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">Nudity in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_American_television" title="Nudity in American television">Nudity in American television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_music_videos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudity in music videos">Nudity in music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_print_media" title="Nudity in print media">Nudity in print media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Nudity in advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic photography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imagery_of_nude_celebrities" title="Imagery of nude celebrities">Imagery of nude celebrities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_calendar" title="Nude calendar">Nude calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_News" title="Naked News">Naked News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_combat" title="Nudity in combat">Nudity in combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_clause" title="Nudity clause">Nudity clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_psychotherapy" title="Nude psychotherapy">Nude psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nudity" title="Category:Nudity">Category</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nudity" title="Portal:Nudity">Portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&oldid=1240308760">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&oldid=1240308760</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_and_society" title="Category:Sexuality and society">Sexuality and society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Category:Sexuality in speculative fiction">Sexuality in speculative fiction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_themes" title="Category:Science fiction themes">Science fiction themes</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_May_2012" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from May 2012">Articles with limited geographic scope from May 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spoken_articles" title="Category:Spoken articles">Spoken articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 August 2024, at 18:35<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gtx6v","wgBackendResponseTime":148,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.631","walltime":"0.927","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3936,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":162999,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3238,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":127326,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 717.229 1 -total"," 29.21% 209.514 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.79% 120.440 10 Template:Cite_web"," 14.30% 102.535 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.98% 100.294 1 Template:Sex_in_SF"," 13.48% 96.666 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 10.87% 77.979 8 Template:Navbox"," 8.78% 62.988 1 Template:Spoken_Wikipedia"," 8.07% 57.903 1 Template:Globalize"," 7.37% 52.894 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.341","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6775065,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-zs76z","timestamp":"20241122141555","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7458476","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7458476","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-16T22:24:53Z","dateModified":"2024-08-14T18:35:49Z"}</script> </body> </html>