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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amar Bose</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2" title="عمار بوز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمار بوز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81" title="অমর গোপাল বসু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অমর গোপাল বসু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_G._Bose" title="Amar G. Bose – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amar G. Bose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2" title="عمار بوز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عمار بوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="아마르 보스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아마르 보스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="अमर बोस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमर बोस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_G._Bose" title="Amar G. Bose – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amar G. Bose" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF._%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಮರ್ ಜಿ. ಬೋಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮರ್ ಜಿ. ಬೋಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അമർ ബോസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമർ ബോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2" title="عمار بوز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عمار بوز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BBG%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="アマー・G・ボーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマー・G・ボーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="अमर गोपाल बोस – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अमर गोपाल बोस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Bose" title="Amar Bose – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amar Bose" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B._%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="அமர் கோ. போசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமர் கோ. போசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="అమర్ బోస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమర్ బోస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the American engineer and founding chairman of <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose Corporation</a>. For other people named Bose, see <a href="/wiki/Bose_(surname)" title="Bose (surname)">Bose (surname)</a>. For other uses of the name, see <a href="/wiki/Bose_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bose (disambiguation)">Bose</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Amar Bose</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amar_Bose_india_times.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Amar_Bose_india_times.jpg/220px-Amar_Bose_india_times.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Amar_Bose_india_times.jpg/330px-Amar_Bose_india_times.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f9/Amar_Bose_india_times.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="263" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Amar Gopal Bose</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-11-02</span>)</span>November 2, 1929<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 12, 2013<span style="display:none">(2013-07-12)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Wayland,_Massachusetts" title="Wayland, Massachusetts">Wayland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Engineer, entrepreneur, founder of <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Prema Bose (divorced)<br />Ursula Boltshauser (widowed)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Vanu_Bose" title="Vanu Bose">Vanu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">DcS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/38918"><i>A theory of nonlinear systems</i></a> (1956)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a><sup id="cite_ref-math_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-math-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Yuk-Wing_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuk-Wing Lee">Yuk-Wing Lee</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_V._Oppenheim" title="Alan V. Oppenheim">Alan V. Oppenheim</a><sup id="cite_ref-math_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-math-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amar Gopal Bose</b> (November 2, 1929 – July 12, 2013) was an American entrepreneur and academic. An electrical engineer and <a href="/wiki/Sound_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound engineer">sound engineer</a>, he was a <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> for over 45 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Rifkin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rifkin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also the founder and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose Corporation</a>. </p><p>In 2011, he donated a majority of the company to MIT in the form of non-voting shares to sustain and advance MIT's education and research mission.<sup id="cite_ref-mit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bose was born in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to a <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali</a> father, Noni Gopal Bose and an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> mother, Charlotte Mechlin (1895-1973). His mother was a schoolteacher of French and German ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was an <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence activist</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who, having been imprisoned for his political activities, fled <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> in the 1920s in order to avoid further persecution by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> colonial police.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bose first displayed his entrepreneurial skills and his interest in electronics at age thirteen when, during the World War II years, he enlisted school friends as co-workers in a small home business repairing model trains and home radios, to supplement his family's income.<sup id="cite_ref-siliconeer_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siliconeer-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating from <a href="/wiki/Abington_Senior_High_School" title="Abington Senior High School">Abington Senior High School</a> in Abington, Pennsylvania, Bose enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, graduating with a BS (Bachelor of Science) in Electrical Engineering in the early 1950s. Bose spent a year at <a href="/wiki/Philips_Natuurkundig_Laboratorium" title="Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium">Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>; and a year as a Fulbright research student in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="New Delhi, India">New Delhi, India</a>, where he met his future first wife. He completed his PhD in Electrical Engineering from MIT, writing a thesis on <a href="/wiki/Non-linear_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-linear system">non-linear systems</a> under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuk-Wing_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuk-Wing Lee">Yuk-Wing Lee</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following graduation, Bose became an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During his early years as a professor, Bose purchased a high-end stereo system in 1956 and was disappointed to find that speakers with impressive technical specifications failed to reproduce the realism of a live performance. This would eventually motivate his extensive <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker"> speaker technology</a> research, concentrating on key weaknesses in the high-end speaker systems available at the time. His research on <a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">acoustics</a> led him to develop a stereo loudspeaker that would reproduce, in a domestic setting, the dominantly reflected sound field that characterizes the listening space of the audience in a concert hall. His focus on <a href="/wiki/Psychoacoustics" title="Psychoacoustics">psychoacoustics</a> later became a hallmark of his company's audio products. </p><p>For initial capital to fund his company in 1964, Bose turned to <a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">angel investors</a>, including his MIT thesis advisor and professor, Yuk-Wing Lee. Bose was awarded significant <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> in two fields that continue to be important to the Bose Corporation. These patents were in the area of loudspeaker design and non-linear, two-state modulated, <a href="/wiki/Class_D_Amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Class D Amplifier">Class-D</a> power processing. </p><p>In the 1980s, Bose developed an electromagnetic replacement for automotive <a href="/wiki/Shock_absorber" title="Shock absorber">shock absorbers</a>, intended to radically improve the performance of automotive suspension systems, absorbing bumps and road shock while controlling car body motions and sway.<sup id="cite_ref-Clynes_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clynes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Bose was listed in <a href="/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">Forbes 400</a> as the 271st richest man in the world, with a net worth of $1.8 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, he was no longer on the billionaires list, but returned to the list in 2011, with a net worth of $1.0 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company Bose founded employed 11,700 people worldwide as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> and produces products for home, car, and professional audio, as well as conducting basic research in acoustics and other fields. Bose never took his company public, and since the company is privately held Bose was able to pursue risky long-term research. In a 2004 interview in <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a></i> magazine, he said: "I would have been fired a hundred times at a company run by <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBAs</a>. But I never went into business to make money. I went into business so that I could do interesting things that hadn't been done before."<sup id="cite_ref-Clynes_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clynes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bose said that his best ideas usually came to him in a flash. "These innovations are not the result of rational thought; it's an intuitive idea."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He married Prema Bose but they later divorced.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2014)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> They had two children. Later in life, he married Ursula Bolthauser. Bose did not practice any religion, though he used to meditate for a short while every day.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son <a href="/wiki/Vanu_Bose" title="Vanu Bose">Vanu Bose</a> was the founder and CEO of Vanu Inc., a <a href="/wiki/Software-defined_radio" title="Software-defined radio">software-defined radio</a> technology company.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bose died on July 12, 2013, at the age of 83 in Wayland, Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-Rifkin_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rifkin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_and_legacy">Teaching and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Teaching and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to running his company, Bose remained a professor at MIT until 2001. He earned the Baker Teaching Award in 1963–64, and further teaching awards over the years. The Bose Award for Excellence in Teaching (1989), and later the Junior Bose Award (1995) were established in his honor, to recognize outstanding teaching in the <a href="/wiki/MIT_School_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT School of Engineering">MIT School of Engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nickerson_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickerson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former students have stated that his classes helped them gain life skills and problem solving skills that have served them throughout their careers.<sup id="cite_ref-Rifkin_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rifkin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bose was the doctoral advisor to MIT professor <a href="/wiki/Alan_V._Oppenheim" title="Alan V. Oppenheim">Alan V. Oppenheim</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is well known for his work on digital signal processing and his books on signals and systems.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oppenheim dedicated one of his books to Bose and described him with these words: "What I learned from him about teaching, research, and life over the many decades of our relationship affected me in ways too numerous to describe. He set the highest standards in everything that he did, and his accomplishments as a teacher, an inventor, and an entrepreneur are legendary."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Bose donated a majority of the company's non-voting shares to MIT on the condition that the shares never be sold.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because these shares are non-voting, MIT does not participate in operations or governance of Bose Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-Nickerson_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickerson-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fellow, <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a>, 1972 – for contributions to loudspeaker design, two-state amplifier-modulators, and nonlinear systems.</li> <li>Honorary member, <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a>, 1985.</li> <li>Honorary Doctorate of Music from <a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a>, 1994<sup id="cite_ref-Liz_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liz-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bose was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2010 <a href="/wiki/IEEE/RSE_Wolfson_James_Clerk_Maxwell_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award">IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award</a>, for "outstanding contributions to consumer electronics in sound reproduction, industrial leadership, and engineering education".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2011, he was listed at #9 on the <a href="/wiki/MIT150" title="MIT150">MIT150</a> list of the top 150 innovators and ideas from <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>.</li> <li>Beryllium Lifetime Achievement Award, Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturing & Acoustics International, 2014.</li> <li>Founders Award at <a href="/wiki/The_Asian_Awards" title="The Asian Awards">The Asian Awards</a> 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-math-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-math_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-math_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=82828">Amar Bose</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rifkin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rifkin_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rifkin_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rifkin_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRifkin2013" class="citation news cs1">Rifkin, Glenn (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/13/business/amar-g-bose-acoustic-engineer-and-inventor-dies-at-83.html?_r=0">"Amar G. Bose, Acoustic Engineer and Inventor, Dies at 83"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Amar+G.+Bose%2C+Acoustic+Engineer+and+Inventor%2C+Dies+at+83&rft.date=2013-07-12&rft.aulast=Rifkin&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Famar-g-bose-acoustic-engineer-and-inventor-dies-at-83.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mit_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2011/bose-gift.html">"Amar Bose '51 makes stock donation to MIT"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a></i>. April 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT&rft.atitle=Amar+Bose+%2751+makes+stock+donation+to+MIT&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fnewsoffice%2F2011%2Fbose-gift.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bose.com/en_us/about_bose/innovations_achievements.html">"Innovations/achievements"</a>. <i>www.bose.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Greenwood Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313289026" title="Special:BookSources/9780313289026"><bdi>9780313289026</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rediff&rft.atitle=Bose+And+Bose+Vs+MIT&rft.date=1999-07-26&rft.aulast=Shenoy&rft.aufirst=M.+J.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F1999%2Fjul%2F26us.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2013" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Stephen (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324694904578602320243502316">"Amar Bose, Pioneer of High-End Audio, Dies at 83"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i> – via www.wsj.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Amar+Bose%2C+Pioneer+of+High-End+Audio%2C+Dies+at+83&rft.date=2013-07-12&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887324694904578602320243502316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakshmanMukunth1929" class="citation news cs1">Lakshman, Narayan; Mukunth, Vasudevan (November 2, 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/amar-bose-of-sound-is-dead-at-83/article4911652.ece">"Amar, Bose of sound, is dead at 83"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Amar%2C+Bose+of+sound%2C+is+dead+at+83&rft.date=1929-11-02&rft.aulast=Lakshman&rft.aufirst=Narayan&rft.au=Mukunth%2C+Vasudevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Famar-bose-of-sound-is-dead-at-83%2Farticle4911652.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nickerson-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nickerson_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickerson_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickerson2013" class="citation news cs1">Nickerson, Nate (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2013/obit-amar-bose-0712">"Amar Bose '51, SM '52, ScD '56, Bose Corporation's founder, has died at 83"</a>. <i>MIT News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+News&rft.atitle=Amar+Bose+%2751%2C+SM+%2752%2C+ScD+%2756%2C+Bose+Corporation%27s+founder%2C+has+died+at+83&rft.date=2013-07-12&rft.aulast=Nickerson&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsoffice.mit.edu%2F2013%2Fobit-amar-bose-0712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=82829">"Alan Oppenheim - The Mathematics Genealogy Project"</a>. <i>mathgenealogy.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathgenealogy.org&rft.atitle=Alan+Oppenheim+-+The+Mathematics+Genealogy+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathgenealogy.org%2Fid.php%3Fid%3D82829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37284205600">"Alan V. Oppenheim"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+V.+Oppenheim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fauthor%2F37284205600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppenheim2016" class="citation book cs1">Oppenheim, Alan V. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/895256451"><i>Signals, systems & inference</i></a>. George C. Verghese. Boston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-394328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-394328-3"><bdi>978-0-13-394328-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/895256451">895256451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Signals%2C+systems+%26+inference&rft.place=Boston&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F895256451&rft.isbn=978-0-13-394328-3&rft.aulast=Oppenheim&rft.aufirst=Alan+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F895256451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/30/business/30bose.html">"Gift to MIT from Amar Bose Raises Tax Questions by Stephanie Strom"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. April 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gift+to+MIT+from+Amar+Bose+Raises+Tax+Questions+by+Stephanie+Strom&rft.date=2011-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F04%2F30%2Fbusiness%2F30bose.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liz-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Liz_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiz" class="citation web cs1">Liz, Lupton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://college.berklee.edu/news/academy-award-winning-composer-ar-rahman-receive-honorary-doctorate-berklee">"Academy Award-Winning Composer A. R. Rahman to Receive Honorary Doctorate from Berklee | Berklee"</a>. <i>college.berklee.edu</i>. Berklee Music College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=college.berklee.edu&rft.atitle=Academy+Award-Winning+Composer+A.+R.+Rahman+to+Receive+Honorary+Doctorate+from+Berklee+%7C+Berklee&rft.aulast=Liz&rft.aufirst=Lupton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollege.berklee.edu%2Fnews%2Facademy-award-winning-composer-ar-rahman-receive-honorary-doctorate-berklee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invent.org/inductees/amar-bose">"National Inventors Hall of Fame Inductee Amar Bose and the Audio System"</a>. <i>www.invent.org</i>. October 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.invent.org&rft.atitle=National+Inventors+Hall+of+Fame+Inductee+Amar+Bose+and+the+Audio+System&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.invent.org%2Finductees%2Famar-bose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619221322/http://ieee.org/documents/maxwell_rl.pdf">"IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award Recipients"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IEEE. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/documents/maxwell_rl.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 19, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE%2FRSE+Wolfson+James+Clerk+Maxwell+Award+Recipients&rft.pub=IEEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee.org%2Fdocuments%2Fmaxwell_rl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFASM2015" class="citation web cs1">ASM (March 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aseantechsec.com/acoustics-engineer-dr-amar-bose-honoured-prestigious-founders-award-asian-awards/">"Acoustics Engineer Dr. Amar Bose, To Be Honoured With Prestigious Founders Award at The Asian Awards"</a>. <i>ASEAN Technology & Security Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ASEAN+Technology+%26+Security+Magazine&rft.atitle=Acoustics+Engineer+Dr.+Amar+Bose%2C+To+Be+Honoured+With+Prestigious+Founders+Award+at+The+Asian+Awards&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft.au=ASM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faseantechsec.com%2Facoustics-engineer-dr-amar-bose-honoured-prestigious-founders-award-asian-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Bose&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=82828">Amar Gopal Bose</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031210192310/http://calcuttaweb.com/nri/Amar_Gopal_Bose.shtml">"Short biography of Amar Gopal Bose"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calcuttaweb.com/nri/Amar_Gopal_Bose.shtml">the original</a> on December 10, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+biography+of+Amar+Gopal+Bose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalcuttaweb.com%2Fnri%2FAmar_Gopal_Bose.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030819065422/http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/bose.html">"Bose at MIT"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/bose.html">the original</a> on August 19, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bose+at+MIT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Finvent%2Fiow%2Fbose.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/38918/148082096-MIT.pdf?sequence=2">"Doctoral Thesis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctoral+Thesis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace.mit.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1721.1%2F38918%2F148082096-MIT.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130325233308/http://www.bose.com/controller?event=view_static_page_event&url=/about/history/index.jsp">"A History of Bose"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bose.com/controller?event=VIEW_STATIC_PAGE_EVENT&url=/about/history/index.jsp">the original</a> on March 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Bose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bose.com%2Fcontroller%3Fevent%3DVIEW_STATIC_PAGE_EVENT%26url%3D%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061217074642/http://www.discover.com/issues/oct-04/departments/discover-dialogue/">"Discover Dialogue: Amar G. Bose"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discover.com/issues/oct-04/departments/discover-dialogue/">the original</a> on December 17, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+Dialogue%3A+Amar+G.+Bose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discover.com%2Fissues%2Foct-04%2Fdepartments%2Fdiscover-dialogue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation magazine cs1">Jones, Karen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/news/2007/10/bose_qa">"Bose Founder Discusses Audio Perfection and Digital Music"</a>. <i>Wired</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Bose+Founder+Discusses+Audio+Perfection+and+Digital+Music&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Ftechbiz%2Fpeople%2Fnews%2F2007%2F10%2Fbose_qa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reflections-shivanand.blogspot.com/2007/07/amar-bose-portrait.html">"Interview"</a>. <i>Business India</i>. 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1101606932">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89619238">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p099813548">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90501059">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007388416305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bose, Amar G."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05312587?l=en">CiNii</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=82828">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/416445">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/11202551X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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