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searchaux" style="display:none">Katipunan Flags and Meaning</div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>, various flags were used by the <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a> secret society and its various factions, and later, after the Katipunan's dissolution, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Philippine Army</a> and its civil government. </p><p>Other flags were the personal battle standards of different military zone commanders operating around Manila. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flags">Flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katipunan">Katipunan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Katipunan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:110">Flag</th> <th>Use</th> <th style="width:680">Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Katipunan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Katipunan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Katipunan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Katipunan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Katipunan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Katipunan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Katipunan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4252" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span></span><br /></td> <td>Organizational flag</td> <td>With the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a> requested his wife, <a href="/wiki/Gregoria_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Gregoria de Jesús">Gregoria de Jesús</a>, to create a flag for the society. De Jesús devised a simple red flag bearing the society's acronym, <i>KKK</i>, in white and arranged horizontally at the center. It became the society's first flag. <p>Some Katipunan members used other variations. One variation has the three <i>Ks</i> arranged in the form of a triangle. Some others used a red flag with only one <i>K</i>. </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_flags">Personal flags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:110">Flag</th> <th>Bearer</th> <th style="width:680">Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Personal_flag_of_Andres_Bonifacio.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Personal_flag_of_Andres_Bonifacio.svg/100px-Personal_flag_of_Andres_Bonifacio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Personal_flag_of_Andres_Bonifacio.svg/150px-Personal_flag_of_Andres_Bonifacio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Personal_flag_of_Andres_Bonifacio.svg/200px-Personal_flag_of_Andres_Bonifacio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a></td> <td>As the Katipunan's <i>Supremo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a> had a personal flag which depicts a white sun with an indefinite number of rays on a field of red. Below the sun are three white <i>Ks</i> arranged horizontally. This flag was first unveiled on August 23, 1896, during the <a href="/wiki/Cry_of_Pugadlawin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cry of Pugadlawin">Cry of Pugadlawin</a> where the assembled Katipunan members tore their <a href="/wiki/Community_tax_certificate_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community tax certificate (Philippines)"><i>cedulas</i></a> (community tax certificates) in defiance of Spanish authority. The flag was used later during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_del_Monte" title="Battle of San Juan del Monte">Battle of San Juan del Monte</a> on August 30, 1896, the first major battle of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_revolution_flag_llanera.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Philippine_revolution_flag_llanera.png/100px-Philippine_revolution_flag_llanera.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Philippine_revolution_flag_llanera.png/150px-Philippine_revolution_flag_llanera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Philippine_revolution_flag_llanera.png/200px-Philippine_revolution_flag_llanera.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Llanera" title="Mariano Llanera">Mariano Llanera</a></td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Llanera" title="Mariano Llanera">Mariano Llanera</a> who fought in the provinces of Bulacan, Tarlac, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija used a black flag with a white <a href="/wiki/Skull_and_crossbones_(military)" title="Skull and crossbones (military)">skull and crossbones</a>, resembling the <a href="/wiki/Jolly_Roger" title="Jolly Roger">Jolly Roger</a>. Bonifacio referred to the design as <i>Bungo ni Llanera</i> or <i>Llanera's Skull</i>. There were at least two versions of the flag. The more well-known version had a white K on the left and the white skull and crossbones on the right. An earlier version had the white skull and crossbones on top with three white Ks on the bottom, akin to Bonifacio's flag. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_revolution_flag_piodelpilar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Philippine_revolution_flag_piodelpilar.png/100px-Philippine_revolution_flag_piodelpilar.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Philippine_revolution_flag_piodelpilar.png/150px-Philippine_revolution_flag_piodelpilar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Philippine_revolution_flag_piodelpilar.png/200px-Philippine_revolution_flag_piodelpilar.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_del_Pilar" title="Pío del Pilar">Pío del Pilar</a></td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_del_Pilar" title="Pío del Pilar">Pío del Pilar</a> used a red banner which has a white equilateral triangle on the mast with a K at each corner. At the center of the triangle was a mountain with the sun rising behind it. The flag was called <i>Bandila ng Matagumpay</i> (Flag Of the Triumphants) and was first used on July 11, 1895. The flag was also one of the first to depict an eight-rayed sun. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_revolution_flag_gregoriodelpilar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Philippine_revolution_flag_gregoriodelpilar.svg/100px-Philippine_revolution_flag_gregoriodelpilar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Philippine_revolution_flag_gregoriodelpilar.svg/150px-Philippine_revolution_flag_gregoriodelpilar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Philippine_revolution_flag_gregoriodelpilar.svg/200px-Philippine_revolution_flag_gregoriodelpilar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a></td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a> used a tricolor banner with a blue triangle at the mast and a red stripe at the top of the flag and a black stripe at the bottom. Del Pilar patterned his flag after that of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cuba" title="Flag of Cuba">Cuba's</a>, which then was also revolting against Spain. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_flags">Other flags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:110">Flag</th> <th style="width:680">Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Negrense_revolution_banner.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Negrense_revolution_banner.svg/100px-Negrense_revolution_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Negrense_revolution_banner.svg/150px-Negrense_revolution_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Negrense_revolution_banner.svg/200px-Negrense_revolution_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></span></td> <td>Flag used in the <a href="/wiki/Negros_Revolution" title="Negros Revolution">Negros Revolution</a>. The flag is inverted with the red part displayed on the top in solidarity with other revolutionaries. This standard in particular was flown by Alipio E. Ykalina who joined General Juan Araneta in consolidating forces south of <a href="/wiki/Bacolod" title="Bacolod">Bacolod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_flags">National flags</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:110">Flag</th> <th style="width:400">Country/Government</th> <th style="width:280">Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_Flag_of_Tagalog_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Battle_Flag_of_Tagalog_Republic.svg/100px-Battle_Flag_of_Tagalog_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Battle_Flag_of_Tagalog_Republic.svg/150px-Battle_Flag_of_Tagalog_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Battle_Flag_of_Tagalog_Republic.svg/200px-Battle_Flag_of_Tagalog_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic" title="Tagalog Republic">Tagalog Republic</a></span></td> <td>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic" title="Tagalog Republic">Tagalog Republic</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="noresize"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931901).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1480" /></a></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a></span></td> <td>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a>. It was formally unfurled during the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Philippine Declaration of Independence">proclamation of Philippine independence</a> on June 12, 1898 by President Aguinaldo. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag"_set"><span id=".22Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag.22_set"></span>"Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: "Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag" title="Evolution of the Philippine Flag">Evolution of the Philippine Flag</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag_stamp_series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag_stamp_series.jpg/220px-Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag_stamp_series.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag_stamp_series.jpg/330px-Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag_stamp_series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag_stamp_series.jpg/440px-Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag_stamp_series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption>"The Evolution of the Philippine Flag" as featured in a 1972 postal stamp series.</figcaption></figure> <p>A set of flag purportedly used by the Katipunan, dubbed as the "Evolution of the Philippine", has been featured in postal stamps in the 1972 and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Centennial" title="Philippine Centennial">Philippine Centennial</a>. The name of the set erroneously suggest that the modern Flag of the Philippines was derived or "evolved" from the flags used by the Katipunan and all of the flags themselves were national flags. The Manila Historical Institute and the <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Institute">National Historical Institute</a> insist that the flags in the set, excluding the modern Philippine flag, are "Flags of the Philippine Revolution". Historians also questioned the limited number of flags included in the set. It is pointed out that the "Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set only represents a small fraction of flags used by Katipunan battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-meritbadgecenter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meritbadgecenter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The set also included flags which had limited documentation to support its actual historical usage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_revolution_flag_magdalo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Philippine_revolution_flag_magdalo.svg/220px-Philippine_revolution_flag_magdalo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Philippine_revolution_flag_magdalo.svg/330px-Philippine_revolution_flag_magdalo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Philippine_revolution_flag_magdalo.svg/440px-Philippine_revolution_flag_magdalo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Modern "Magdalo" flag.</figcaption></figure> <p>A flag reminiscent of the <i>Katipunan</i> flags of the past was used by a breakaway faction of <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">army officers</a> calling themselves <i>Bagong Katipuneros</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-laurel_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laurel-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but labeled the <i>Magdalo</i> Group by the press. These officers <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutinied</a> against the government of <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a> and once again led by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Trillanes IV">Antonio Trillanes IV</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny" title="Oakwood mutiny">Oakwood mutiny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manila_Peninsula_mutiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Peninsula mutiny">Manila Peninsula mutiny</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616062143/http://malacanang.gov.ph/3926-flags-and-banners-of-the-colonial-era-in-the-philippines/">"Flags and Banners of the Colonial Era in the Philippines | Presidential Museum and Library"</a>. Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malacanang.gov.ph/3926-flags-and-banners-of-the-colonial-era-in-the-philippines/">the original</a> on June 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flags+and+Banners+of+the+Colonial+Era+in+the+Philippines+%7C+Presidential+Museum+and+Library&rft.pub=Presidential+Museum+and+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalacanang.gov.ph%2F3926-flags-and-banners-of-the-colonial-era-in-the-philippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlags+of+the+Philippine+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meritbadgecenter-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meritbadgecenter_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerit_Badge_Center,_Philippinesn.d." class="citation web cs1">Merit Badge Center, Philippines (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbcenter.org/pub/pdf/notes_flag101.pdf">"The History of the Philippine Flag"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Philippine+Flag&rft.au=Merit+Badge+Center%2C+Philippines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbcenter.org%2Fpub%2Fpdf%2Fnotes_flag101.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlags+of+the+Philippine+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philippine-history.org/philippine_flag.htm">"Philippine Flag Pictures: Evolution of the Filipino Flag"</a>. <i>Philippine-History.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine-History.org&rft.atitle=Philippine+Flag+Pictures%3A+Evolution+of+the+Filipino+Flag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philippine-history.org%2Fphilippine_flag.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlags+of+the+Philippine+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laurel-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laurel_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurel2006" class="citation news cs1">Laurel, Herman T (February 22, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020715/http://www.tribune.net.ph/20060222/commentary/20060222com5.html">"Small Setback..."</a> <i>The Daily Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribune.net.ph/20060222/commentary/20060222com5.html">the original</a> on September 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Small+Setback...&rft.date=2006-02-22&rft.aulast=Laurel&rft.aufirst=Herman+T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribune.net.ph%2F20060222%2Fcommentary%2F20060222com5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlags+of+the+Philippine+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/ph-histo.html">"Philippines – Historical Flags."</a> Flags of the World.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippine_Revolution" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_Revolution" title="Template:Philippine Revolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_Revolution" title="Template talk:Philippine Revolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_Revolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine Revolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippine_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Philippine_Revolution" title="Template:Campaignbox Philippine Revolution">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Philippine_Revolution" title="Category:People of the Philippine Revolution">People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain" title="Philippine revolts against Spain">Pre-revolutionary revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Movement" title="Propaganda Movement">Propaganda Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmero_Conspiracy" title="Palmero Conspiracy">Palmero Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concurrent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cry_of_Pugad_Lawin" title="Cry of Pugad Lawin">Cry of Pugad Lawin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonifacio Plan">Bonifacio Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic#Bonifacio" title="Tagalog Republic">Katagalugan (Bonifacio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga_in_the_Philippine_Revolution" title="Pampanga in the Philippine Revolution">Kapampangan Counterrevolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imus_Assembly" title="Imus Assembly">Imus Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejeros_Convention" title="Tejeros Convention">Tejeros Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato" title="Republic of Biak-na-Bato">Republic of Biak-na-Bato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1897_Philippine_Supreme_Council_elections" title="1897 Philippine Supreme Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Biak-na-Bato" title="Pact of Biak-na-Bato">Pact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Junta" title="Hong Kong Junta">Hong Kong Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorial_Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Dictatorial Government of the Philippines">Dictatorial Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931899)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)">Revolutionary Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Philippine Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malolos_Congress" title="Malolos Congress">Malolos Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Revolution" title="Negros Revolution">Negros Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Negros" title="Republic of Negros">Republic of Negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_the_Visayas" title="Federal State of the Visayas">Federal State of the Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Zamboanga" title="Republic of Zamboanga">Republic of Zamboanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Epilogue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic#Sakay" title="Tagalog Republic">Katagalugan (Sakay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Rebellion" title="Moro Rebellion">Moro Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Law_(Philippines)" title="Jones Law (Philippines)">Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)" title="Treaty of Manila (1946)">Treaty of Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Imperialist_League" title="American Anti-Imperialist League">American Anti-Imperialist League</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Iglesia Filipina Independiente</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Liga_Filipina" title="La Liga Filipina">La Liga Filipina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalo_(faction)" title="Magdalo (faction)">Magdalo faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdiwang_(faction)" title="Magdiwang (faction)">Magdiwang faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constabulary" title="Philippine Constabulary">Philippine Constabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionary_Army" title="Philippine Revolutionary Army">Philippine Revolutionary Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulahan" title="Pulahan">Pulajanes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/El_filibusterismo" title="El filibusterismo">El filibusterismo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kartilya_ng_Katipunan" title="Kartilya ng Katipunan">Kartilya ng Katipunan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malolos_Constitution" title="Malolos Constitution">Malolos Constitution</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mi_%C3%BAltimo_adi%C3%B3s" title="Mi último adiós">Mi último adiós</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_Me_T%C3%A1ngere_(novel)" title="Noli Me Tángere (novel)">Noli Me Tángere</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Biak-na-Bato" title="Pact of Biak-na-Bato">Pact of Biak-na-Bato</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Solidaridad" title="La Solidaridad">La Solidaridad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flags of the Philippine Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Philippine_Flag" title="Evolution of the Philippine Flag">"Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag of the Philippines</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Marcha nacional filipina</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spoliarium" title="Spoliarium">Spoliarium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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