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<span>Installation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Installation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gesamtkunstwerk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gesamtkunstwerk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gesamtkunstwerk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gesamtkunstwerk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_Objecthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_Objecthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Art and Objecthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_Objecthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactive_installations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactive_installations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interactive installations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactive_installations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immersive_virtual_reality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immersive_virtual_reality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Immersive virtual reality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immersive_virtual_reality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Three-dimensional work of art</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whiteread_tate_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Whiteread_tate_1.jpg/220px-Whiteread_tate_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Whiteread_tate_1.jpg/330px-Whiteread_tate_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Whiteread_tate_1.jpg/440px-Whiteread_tate_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Whiteread" title="Rachel Whiteread">Rachel Whiteread</a>, <i>Embankment</i> at <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mad_Crab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mad_Crab.jpg/220px-Mad_Crab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mad_Crab.jpg/330px-Mad_Crab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mad_Crab.jpg/440px-Mad_Crab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>An installation art of Mad <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crab</a> created with waste plastics and similar non-biodegradable wastes at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Installation art</b> is an artistic genre of <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-dimensional">three-dimensional</a> works that are often <a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">site-specific</a> and designed to transform the perception of a space. Generally, the term is applied to interior spaces, whereas exterior interventions are often called <a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">public art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">land art</a> or <a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">art intervention</a>; however, the boundaries between these terms overlap. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_pareja_en_La_Menesunda_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_pareja_en_La_Menesunda_1965.jpg/220px-La_pareja_en_La_Menesunda_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_pareja_en_La_Menesunda_1965.jpg/330px-La_pareja_en_La_Menesunda_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/La_pareja_en_La_Menesunda_1965.jpg/440px-La_pareja_en_La_Menesunda_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Visitors <a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">interact</a> with a couple in bed, inside one of the many environments of <i><a href="/wiki/La_Menesunda" title="La Menesunda">La Menesunda</a></i> (1965), one of the earliest large-scale installations in art history.<sup id="cite_ref-menesundatate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menesundatate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-menesundanewmuseum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menesundanewmuseum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Installation art can be either temporary or permanent. Installation artworks have been constructed in exhibition spaces such as museums and galleries, as well as public and private spaces. The <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genre</a> incorporates a broad range of everyday and natural materials, which are often chosen for their "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evocative" class="extiw" title="wikt:evocative">evocative</a>" qualities, as well as <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immersive_virtual_reality" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersive virtual reality">immersive virtual reality</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>. Many installations are <a href="/wiki/Site-Specific_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Site-Specific Art">site-specific</a> in that they are designed to exist only in the space for which they were created, appealing to qualities evident in a <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">three-dimensional</a> immersive medium. Artistic collectives such as the <a href="/wiki/AMNH_Exhibitions_Lab" title="AMNH Exhibitions Lab">Exhibition Lab</a> at New York's <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a> created environments to showcase the natural world in as realistic a medium as possible. Likewise, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Imagineering" title="Walt Disney Imagineering">Walt Disney Imagineering</a> employed a similar philosophy when designing the multiple immersive spaces for <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> in 1955. Since its acceptance as a separate discipline, a number of institutions focusing on Installation art were created. These included the <a href="/wiki/Mattress_Factory" title="Mattress Factory">Mattress Factory</a>, Pittsburgh, the Museum of Installation in London, and the <a href="/wiki/Fairy_Doors_of_Ann_Arbor,_MI" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy Doors of Ann Arbor, MI">Fairy Doors of Ann Arbor, MI</a>, among others. </p><p>Installation art came to prominence in the 1970s but its roots can be identified in earlier artists such as <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> and his use of the <a href="/wiki/Readymade" class="mw-redirect" title="Readymade">readymade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a>' <i>Merz</i> art objects, rather than more traditional <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">craft</a> based <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>. The "intention" of the artist is paramount in much later installation art whose roots lie in the <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual art</a> of the 1960s. This again is a departure from traditional sculpture which places its focus on <a href="/wiki/Art#Forms,_genres,_media,_and_styles" title="Art">form</a>. Early non-Western installation art includes events staged by the <a href="/wiki/Gutai_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutai group">Gutai group</a> in Japan starting in 1954, which influenced American installation pioneers like <a href="/wiki/Allan_Kaprow" title="Allan Kaprow">Allan Kaprow</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a> shows his installation <i>6 TV Dé-coll/age</i> in 1963<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Smolin_Gallery" title="Smolin Gallery">Smolin Gallery</a> in New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Installation">Installation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Installation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petzel_shapes.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Petzel_shapes.jpeg/220px-Petzel_shapes.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Petzel_shapes.jpeg/330px-Petzel_shapes.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Petzel_shapes.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Allan_McCollum" title="Allan McCollum">Allan McCollum</a>.<i>The Shapes Project</i>, 2005/06</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Installation</i> as nomenclature for a specific form of art came into use fairly recently; its first use as documented by the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1969. It was coined in this context, in reference to a form of art that had arguably existed since prehistory but was not regarded as a discrete category until the mid-twentieth century. <a href="/wiki/Allan_Kaprow" title="Allan Kaprow">Allan Kaprow</a> used the term "Environment" in 1958 (Kaprow 6) to describe his transformed indoor spaces; this later joined such terms as "project art" and "temporary art." </p><p>Essentially, installation/environmental art takes into account a broader sensory experience, rather than floating framed points of focus on a "neutral" wall or displaying isolated objects (literally) on a pedestal. This may leave <a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">space</a> and <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a> as its only dimensional constants, implying dissolution of the line between "art" and "life"; Kaprow noted that "if we bypass 'art' and take nature itself as a model or point of departure, we may be able to devise a different kind of art... out of the sensory stuff of ordinary life". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gesamtkunstwerk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conscious act of artistically addressing all the senses with regard to a total experience made a resounding debut in 1849 when <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> conceived of a <i><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></i>, or an operatic work for the stage that drew inspiration from ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek theater">Greek theater</a> in its inclusion of all the major art forms: <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, etc. (Britannica). In devising operatic works to commandeer the audience's senses, Wagner left nothing unobserved: <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, ambience, and even the <a href="/wiki/Audience" title="Audience">audience</a> itself were considered and manipulated in order to achieve a state of total artistic immersion. In the book "Themes in Contemporary Art", it is suggested that "installations in the 1980s and 1990s were increasingly characterized by networks of operations involving the interaction among complex architectural settings, environmental sites and extensive use of everyday objects in ordinary contexts. With the advent of video in 1965, a concurrent strand of installation evolved through the use of new and ever-changing technologies, and what had been simple video installations expanded to include complex interactive, <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> and virtual reality environments". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_Objecthood">Art and Objecthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Art and Objecthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franzoesischer_Dom_-_Festival_of_Lights_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Franzoesischer_Dom_-_Festival_of_Lights_2011.jpg/220px-Franzoesischer_Dom_-_Festival_of_Lights_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Franzoesischer_Dom_-_Festival_of_Lights_2011.jpg/330px-Franzoesischer_Dom_-_Festival_of_Lights_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Franzoesischer_Dom_-_Festival_of_Lights_2011.jpg/440px-Franzoesischer_Dom_-_Festival_of_Lights_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><i>Guardians of Time</i>, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Kielnhofer" title="Manfred Kielnhofer">Manfred Kielnhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Lights_(Berlin)" title="Festival of Lights (Berlin)">Festival of Lights (Berlin)</a> French Cathedral, Berlin, Velotaxi 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In "Art and Objecthood", <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fried" title="Michael Fried">Michael Fried</a> derisively labels art that acknowledges the viewer as "<a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatrical</a>" (Fried 45). There is a strong parallel between installation and theater: both play to a viewer who is expected to be at once immersed in the <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">sensory</a>/<a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> experience that surrounds him and maintain a degree of self-identity as a viewer. The traditional theater-goer does not forget that they have come in from outside to sit and take in a created experience; a trademark of installation art has been the curious and eager viewer, still aware that they are in an exhibition setting and tentatively exploring the novel universe of the installation. </p><p>The artist and critic <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Kabakov" title="Ilya Kabakov">Ilya Kabakov</a> mentions this essential phenomenon in the introduction to his lectures "On the "Total" Installation": "[One] is simultaneously both a 'victim' and a viewer, who on the one hand surveys and evaluates the installation, and on the other, follows those associations, recollections which arise in him[;] he is overcome by the intense atmosphere of the total illusion". Here installation art bestows an unprecedented importance on the observer's inclusion in that which he observes. The expectations and social habits that the viewer brings with him into the space of the installation will remain with him as he enters, to be either applied or negated once he has taken in the new environment. What is common to nearly all installation art is a consideration of the experience in toto and the problems it may present, namely the constant conflict between disinterested criticism and sympathetic involvement. <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> offer somewhat immersive experiences, but their unrelenting control over the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a> of passing time and the arrangement of images precludes an intimately personal viewing experience. Ultimately, the only things a viewer can be assured of when experiencing the work are his own thoughts and preconceptions and the basic rules of space and time. All else may be molded by the artist's hands. </p><p>The central importance of the <a href="/wiki/Subjective_experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjective experience">subjective</a> point of view when experiencing installation art, points toward a disregard for traditional <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonic</a> image theory. In effect, the entire installation adopts the character of the <a href="/wiki/Simulacrum" title="Simulacrum">simulacrum</a> or flawed <a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a>: it neglects any ideal form in favor of optimizing its direct appearance to the observer. Installation art operates fully within the realm of sensory perception, in a sense "installing" the viewer into an artificial system with an appeal to his subjective perception as its ultimate goal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactive_installations">Interactive installations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interactive installations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10.000_moving_cities.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/10.000_moving_cities.jpg/220px-10.000_moving_cities.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/10.000_moving_cities.jpg/330px-10.000_moving_cities.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/10.000_moving_cities.jpg/440px-10.000_moving_cities.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lee" title="Marc Lee">Marc Lee</a> <i>10.000 Moving Cities</i>, 2010-ongoing, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art" title="National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art">National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art</a> Seoul</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurizio_bolognini_genoa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maurizio_bolognini_genoa.JPG/220px-Maurizio_bolognini_genoa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maurizio_bolognini_genoa.JPG/330px-Maurizio_bolognini_genoa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Maurizio_bolognini_genoa.JPG/440px-Maurizio_bolognini_genoa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>An urban interactive art installation by <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Bolognini" title="Maurizio Bolognini">Maurizio Bolognini</a> (Genoa, 2005), which everybody can modify by using a cell phone.</figcaption></figure><p> An <a href="/wiki/Interactive_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive Art">interactive installation</a> frequently involves the audience acting on the work of art or the piece responding to users' activity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several kinds of interactive installations that artists produce, these include <a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">web</a>-based installations (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Telegarden" title="Telegarden">Telegarden</a>), <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">gallery</a>-based installations, <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a>-based installations, <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic</a>-based installations, <a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">mobile</a>-based installations, etc. Interactive installations appeared mostly at end of the 1980s (<i>Legible City</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Shaw" title="Jeffrey Shaw">Jeffrey Shaw</a>, <i>La plume</i> by <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Couchot" title="Edmond Couchot">Edmond Couchot</a>, Michel Bret...) and became a genre during the 1990s, when artists became particularly interested in using the participation of the audiences to activate and reveal the meaning of the installation. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Kuniholm_Installation_Art,_for_Storefronts,_a_Shunpike_program.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Paul_Kuniholm_Installation_Art%2C_for_Storefronts%2C_a_Shunpike_program.jpg/220px-Paul_Kuniholm_Installation_Art%2C_for_Storefronts%2C_a_Shunpike_program.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Paul_Kuniholm_Installation_Art%2C_for_Storefronts%2C_a_Shunpike_program.jpg/330px-Paul_Kuniholm_Installation_Art%2C_for_Storefronts%2C_a_Shunpike_program.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Paul_Kuniholm_Installation_Art%2C_for_Storefronts%2C_a_Shunpike_program.jpg/440px-Paul_Kuniholm_Installation_Art%2C_for_Storefronts%2C_a_Shunpike_program.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Paul Kuniholm Installation Art, for Storefronts, a Shunpike program</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immersive_virtual_reality">Immersive virtual reality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Immersive virtual reality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the improvement of <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> over the years, artists are more able to explore outside of the boundaries that were never able to be explored by artists in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Media_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media (arts)">media</a> used are more experimental and bold; they are also usually cross media and may involve sensors, which plays on the reaction to the audiences' movement when looking at the installations. By using virtual reality as a medium, <a href="/wiki/Immersive_virtual_reality" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersive virtual reality">immersive virtual reality</a> art is probably the most deeply interactive form of art.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By allowing the spectator to "visit" the representation, the artist creates "situations to live" vs "spectacle to watch".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1115px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Firoz_Mahmud_Sucker_Aichi_Triennale_13.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Firoz Mahmud, Sucker'wfp21 aircraft sculptural installation at Aichi Arts Center."><img alt="Firoz Mahmud, Sucker'wfp21 aircraft sculptural installation at Aichi Arts Center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Firoz_Mahmud_Sucker_Aichi_Triennale_13.JPG/180px-Firoz_Mahmud_Sucker_Aichi_Triennale_13.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Firoz_Mahmud_Sucker_Aichi_Triennale_13.JPG/270px-Firoz_Mahmud_Sucker_Aichi_Triennale_13.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Firoz_Mahmud_Sucker_Aichi_Triennale_13.JPG/360px-Firoz_Mahmud_Sucker_Aichi_Triennale_13.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Firoz_Mahmud" title="Firoz Mahmud">Firoz Mahmud</a>, <i>Sucker'wfp21</i> aircraft sculptural installation at <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Arts_Center" title="Aichi Arts Center">Aichi Arts Center</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NEORIZON.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maurice Benayoun, Neorizon, urban interactive art installation, eArts Festival Shanghai, 2008."><img alt="Maurice Benayoun, Neorizon, urban interactive art installation, eArts Festival Shanghai, 2008." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/NEORIZON.jpg/180px-NEORIZON.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/NEORIZON.jpg/270px-NEORIZON.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/NEORIZON.jpg/360px-NEORIZON.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Benayoun" title="Maurice Benayoun">Maurice Benayoun</a>, <i>Neorizon</i>, urban interactive art installation, eArts Festival Shanghai, 2008.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interiorpic2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georges Lentz, Cobar Sound Chapel, permanent sound installation, 2022."><img alt="Georges Lentz, Cobar Sound Chapel, permanent sound installation, 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Interiorpic2.jpg/121px-Interiorpic2.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Interiorpic2.jpg/181px-Interiorpic2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Interiorpic2.jpg/242px-Interiorpic2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lentz" title="Georges Lentz">Georges Lentz</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cobar_Sound_Chapel" title="Cobar Sound Chapel">Cobar Sound Chapel</a></i>, permanent sound installation, 2022.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eberhard_Bosslet_Installation_Unterst%C3%BCtzende_Massnahmen_anmassend_I_Kassel_cocumenta_8_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eberhard Bosslet, Anmaßend I, documenta 8, Kassel, Germany 1987."><img alt="Eberhard Bosslet, Anmaßend I, documenta 8, Kassel, Germany 1987." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Eberhard_Bosslet_Installation_Unterst%C3%BCtzende_Massnahmen_anmassend_I_Kassel_cocumenta_8_1987.jpg/135px-Eberhard_Bosslet_Installation_Unterst%C3%BCtzende_Massnahmen_anmassend_I_Kassel_cocumenta_8_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Eberhard_Bosslet_Installation_Unterst%C3%BCtzende_Massnahmen_anmassend_I_Kassel_cocumenta_8_1987.jpg/203px-Eberhard_Bosslet_Installation_Unterst%C3%BCtzende_Massnahmen_anmassend_I_Kassel_cocumenta_8_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Eberhard_Bosslet_Installation_Unterst%C3%BCtzende_Massnahmen_anmassend_I_Kassel_cocumenta_8_1987.jpg/271px-Eberhard_Bosslet_Installation_Unterst%C3%BCtzende_Massnahmen_anmassend_I_Kassel_cocumenta_8_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Bosslet" title="Eberhard Bosslet">Eberhard Bosslet</a>, <i>Anmaßend I</i>, <a href="/wiki/Documenta" title="Documenta">documenta</a> 8, <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> 1987.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milton Becerra, Ale'ya, Durban Segnini Gallery, Miami, 2009.[8]"><img alt="Milton Becerra, Ale'ya, Durban Segnini Gallery, Miami, 2009.[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg/180px-Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg/270px-Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg/360px-Aleya-milton-becerra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Becerra" title="Milton Becerra">Milton Becerra</a>, <i>Ale'ya</i>, Durban Segnini Gallery, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasiliy_Ryabchenko._%22Big_Bembi%22,_installation,_barrels,_linear_lamps,_deer_horns,_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vasiliy Ryabchenko, Big Bembi, 1994."><img alt="Vasiliy Ryabchenko, Big Bembi, 1994." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vasiliy_Ryabchenko._%22Big_Bembi%22%2C_installation%2C_barrels%2C_linear_lamps%2C_deer_horns%2C_1994.jpg/161px-Vasiliy_Ryabchenko._%22Big_Bembi%22%2C_installation%2C_barrels%2C_linear_lamps%2C_deer_horns%2C_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vasiliy_Ryabchenko._%22Big_Bembi%22%2C_installation%2C_barrels%2C_linear_lamps%2C_deer_horns%2C_1994.jpg/242px-Vasiliy_Ryabchenko._%22Big_Bembi%22%2C_installation%2C_barrels%2C_linear_lamps%2C_deer_horns%2C_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vasiliy_Ryabchenko._%22Big_Bembi%22%2C_installation%2C_barrels%2C_linear_lamps%2C_deer_horns%2C_1994.jpg/323px-Vasiliy_Ryabchenko._%22Big_Bembi%22%2C_installation%2C_barrels%2C_linear_lamps%2C_deer_horns%2C_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vasiliy_Ryabchenko" title="Vasiliy Ryabchenko">Vasiliy Ryabchenko</a>, <i>Big Bembi</i>, 1994.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transmediale-2010-Ryoji_Ikeda-Data-Tron-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ryoji Ikeda, data.tron at transmediale, Berlin, 2010."><img alt="Ryoji Ikeda, data.tron at transmediale, Berlin, 2010." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Transmediale-2010-Ryoji_Ikeda-Data-Tron-1.jpg/180px-Transmediale-2010-Ryoji_Ikeda-Data-Tron-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Transmediale-2010-Ryoji_Ikeda-Data-Tron-1.jpg/270px-Transmediale-2010-Ryoji_Ikeda-Data-Tron-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Transmediale-2010-Ryoji_Ikeda-Data-Tron-1.jpg/360px-Transmediale-2010-Ryoji_Ikeda-Data-Tron-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Ikeda" title="Ryoji Ikeda">Ryoji Ikeda</a>, <i>data.tron</i> at <a href="/wiki/Transmediale" title="Transmediale">transmediale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, 2010.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Boltanski._Signatures.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian Boltanski, Signatures, 2011."><img alt="Christian Boltanski, Signatures, 2011." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Christian_Boltanski._Signatures.jpg/120px-Christian_Boltanski._Signatures.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Christian_Boltanski._Signatures.jpg/181px-Christian_Boltanski._Signatures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Christian_Boltanski._Signatures.jpg/241px-Christian_Boltanski._Signatures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Boltanski" title="Christian Boltanski">Christian Boltanski</a>, <i>Signatures</i>, 2011.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dombis_1687.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pascal Dombis, Irrationnal Geometrics, 2008."><img alt="Pascal Dombis, Irrationnal Geometrics, 2008." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dombis_1687.jpg/180px-Dombis_1687.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dombis_1687.jpg/270px-Dombis_1687.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dombis_1687.jpg/360px-Dombis_1687.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Dombis" title="Pascal Dombis">Pascal Dombis</a>, <i>Irrationnal Geometrics</i>, 2008.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Inner_Beast_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jens Galschiøt, My Inner Beast, sculpture, 1993. Exhibited in twenty cities across Europe without permission of the authorities."><img alt="Jens Galschiøt, My Inner Beast, sculpture, 1993. Exhibited in twenty cities across Europe without permission of the authorities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/My_Inner_Beast_portrait.jpg/120px-My_Inner_Beast_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/My_Inner_Beast_portrait.jpg/180px-My_Inner_Beast_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/My_Inner_Beast_portrait.jpg/240px-My_Inner_Beast_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Jens_Galschi%C3%B8t" title="Jens Galschiøt">Jens Galschiøt</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/My_Inner_Beast" title="My Inner Beast">My Inner Beast</a></i>, sculpture, 1993. Exhibited in twenty cities across Europe without permission of the authorities.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Test_Site_by_Carsten_H%C3%B6ller.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carsten Höller. Test Site, Tate Modern, 2006. Members of public slid down as much as five stories inside tubular slides."><img alt="Carsten Höller. Test Site, Tate Modern, 2006. Members of public slid down as much as five stories inside tubular slides." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Test_Site_by_Carsten_H%C3%B6ller.jpg/120px-Test_Site_by_Carsten_H%C3%B6ller.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Test_Site_by_Carsten_H%C3%B6ller.jpg/180px-Test_Site_by_Carsten_H%C3%B6ller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Test_Site_by_Carsten_H%C3%B6ller.jpg/240px-Test_Site_by_Carsten_H%C3%B6ller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carsten_H%C3%B6ller" title="Carsten Höller">Carsten Höller</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Test_Site" title="Test Site">Test Site</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, 2006. Members of public slid down as much as five stories inside tubular slides.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolf_Vostell,_Fiebre_de_Autom%C3%B3vil,_1973,_Instalaci%C3%B3n.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wolf Vostell, Auto-Fever, 1973, Museo Vostell Malpartida."><img alt="Wolf Vostell, Auto-Fever, 1973, Museo Vostell Malpartida." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wolf_Vostell%2C_Fiebre_de_Autom%C3%B3vil%2C_1973%2C_Instalaci%C3%B3n.JPG/180px-Wolf_Vostell%2C_Fiebre_de_Autom%C3%B3vil%2C_1973%2C_Instalaci%C3%B3n.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wolf_Vostell%2C_Fiebre_de_Autom%C3%B3vil%2C_1973%2C_Instalaci%C3%B3n.JPG/270px-Wolf_Vostell%2C_Fiebre_de_Autom%C3%B3vil%2C_1973%2C_Instalaci%C3%B3n.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wolf_Vostell%2C_Fiebre_de_Autom%C3%B3vil%2C_1973%2C_Instalaci%C3%B3n.JPG/360px-Wolf_Vostell%2C_Fiebre_de_Autom%C3%B3vil%2C_1973%2C_Instalaci%C3%B3n.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a>, <i>Auto-Fever</i>, 1973, Museo Vostell Malpartida.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:African_Adventure,_Tate_Modern,_November_2016_(01).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jane Alexander, African Adventure ,1999-2002, Tate Modern, Bankside, London, England, November 2016."><img alt="Jane Alexander, African Adventure ,1999-2002, Tate Modern, Bankside, London, England, November 2016." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/African_Adventure%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_November_2016_%2801%29.JPG/180px-African_Adventure%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_November_2016_%2801%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/African_Adventure%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_November_2016_%2801%29.JPG/270px-African_Adventure%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_November_2016_%2801%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/African_Adventure%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_November_2016_%2801%29.JPG/360px-African_Adventure%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_November_2016_%2801%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Alexander_(artist)" title="Jane Alexander (artist)">Jane Alexander</a>, <i>African Adventure</i> ,1999-2002, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, Bankside, London, England, November 2016.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DavidSpriggsArt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David Spriggs, Vision II, 2017."><img alt="David Spriggs, Vision II, 2017." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DavidSpriggsArt.jpg/180px-DavidSpriggsArt.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DavidSpriggsArt.jpg/270px-DavidSpriggsArt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DavidSpriggsArt.jpg/360px-DavidSpriggsArt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/David_Spriggs_(artist)" title="David Spriggs (artist)">David Spriggs</a>, <i>Vision II</i>, 2017.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H_Cronhammar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingvar Cronhammar, installation in Frederiksberg / Denmark 2015."><img alt="Ingvar Cronhammar, installation in Frederiksberg / Denmark 2015." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/H_Cronhammar.JPG/120px-H_Cronhammar.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/H_Cronhammar.JPG/179px-H_Cronhammar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/H_Cronhammar.JPG/239px-H_Cronhammar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ingvar_Cronhammar" title="Ingvar Cronhammar">Ingvar Cronhammar</a>, installation in <a href="/wiki/Frederiksberg" title="Frederiksberg">Frederiksberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> 2015.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shalechet_(Menashe_Kadishman).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menashe Kadishman, Shalechet (Abscission), Jewish Museum Berlin."><img alt="Menashe Kadishman, Shalechet (Abscission), Jewish Museum Berlin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shalechet_%28Menashe_Kadishman%29.jpg/135px-Shalechet_%28Menashe_Kadishman%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shalechet_%28Menashe_Kadishman%29.jpg/202px-Shalechet_%28Menashe_Kadishman%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Shalechet_%28Menashe_Kadishman%29.jpg/270px-Shalechet_%28Menashe_Kadishman%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Menashe_Kadishman" title="Menashe Kadishman">Menashe Kadishman</a>, <i>Shalechet</i> (<a href="/wiki/Abscission" title="Abscission">Abscission</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_Berlin" title="Jewish Museum Berlin">Jewish Museum Berlin</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes about art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_sculpture" title="Environmental sculpture">Environmental sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_installation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound installation">Sound installation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_installations" class="mw-redirect" title="Street installations">Street installations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_installation" title="Video installation">Video installation</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-menesundatate-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-menesundatate_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-liverpool/exhibition/marta-minujin-la-menesunda">"Journey through this maze-like installation and become a part of the art"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Journey+through+this+maze-like+installation+and+become+a+part+of+the+art&rft.pub=Tate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Ftate-liverpool%2Fexhibition%2Fmarta-minujin-la-menesunda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstallation+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-menesundanewmuseum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-menesundanewmuseum_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/marta-minujin">"Marta Minujín: Menesunda Reloaded"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Museum" title="New Museum">New Museum</a>. June 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marta+Minuj%C3%ADn%3A+Menesunda+Reloaded&rft.pub=New+Museum&rft.date=2019-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fview%2Fmarta-minujin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstallation+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/works/television-decollage/">Wolf Vostell, <i>6 TV Dé-coll/age</i>, 1963</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounis2009" class="citation news cs1">Younis, Lauren (March 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129170709/http://bl-ids-website.ads.iu.edu/news/story.aspx?id=66728">"Hearts and Scissors Exhibit to Open"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bl-ids-website.ads.iu.edu/news/story.aspx?id=66728">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Installation art can facilitate a direct, immediate interaction with the viewer," [Cindy] Hinant said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hearts+and+Scissors+Exhibit+to+Open&rft.date=2009-03-05&rft.aulast=Younis&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbl-ids-website.ads.iu.edu%2Fnews%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D66728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstallation+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nechvatal" title="Joseph Nechvatal">Joseph Nechvatal</a>, <i>Immersive Ideals / Critical Distances</i>. <a href="/wiki/LAP_Lambert_Academic_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="LAP Lambert Academic Publishing">LAP Lambert Academic Publishing</a>. 2009, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nechvatal" title="Joseph Nechvatal">Joseph Nechvatal</a>, <i>Immersive Ideals / Critical Distances</i>. <a href="/wiki/LAP_Lambert_Academic_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="LAP Lambert Academic Publishing">LAP Lambert Academic Publishing</a>. 2009, pp. 367-368</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Benayoun" title="Maurice Benayoun">Maurice Benayoun</a>, <i>Maurice Benayoun Open Art</i>, Nouvelles éditions Scala, 2011, French version, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35988-046-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35988-046-5">978-2-35988-046-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Becerra" title="Milton Becerra">Milton Becerra</a> Book Analysis of a process over time - 2007 - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/980-6472-21-7" title="Special:BookSources/980-6472-21-7">980-6472-21-7</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bishop, Claire. Installation Art a Critical History. London: Tate, 2005.</li> <li>Coulter-Smith, Graham. Deconstructing Installation Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623163711/http://www.installationart.net/">Online resource</a></li> <li>Ferriani, Barbara. <i>Ephemeral Monuments: History and Conservation of Installation Art</i>. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-134-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-134-3">978-1-60606-134-3</a></li> <li>Fried, Michael. <i>Art and Objecthood</i>. In <i>Art and Objecthood: Essays and Reviews</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Grau" title="Oliver Grau">Grau, Oliver</a> <i>Virtual Art, from Illusion to Immersion</i>, MIT Press 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-57223-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-57223-0">0-262-57223-0</a></li> <li>"Installation [Environment].<i>Grove Art Encyclopedia</i>. 2006. Grove Art Online. 30 January 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.groveart.com/shared/views/article.html?section=art.041385">[1]</a>.</li> <li>"Installation." Oxford English Dictionary. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/">[2]</a>.</li> <li>"Install, v." <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/">[3]</a>.</li> <li>Murray, Timothy, <a href="/wiki/Derrick_de_Kerckhove" title="Derrick de Kerckhove">Derrick de Kerckhove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Grau" title="Oliver Grau">Oliver Grau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristine_Stiles" title="Kristine Stiles">Kristine Stiles</a>, Jean-Baptiste Barrière, <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Moulon" title="Dominique Moulon">Dominique Moulon</a>, Jean-Pierre Balpe, <i><b>Maurice Benayoun Open Art</b></i>, Nouvelles éditions Scala, 2011, French version, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35988-046-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35988-046-5">978-2-35988-046-5</a></li> <li>Kabakov, Ilya. On the "Total" Installation. Ostfildern, Germany: Cantz, 1995, 243-260.</li> <li>Kaprow, Allan. "Notes on the Creation of a Total Art." In Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life, ed. Jeff Kelley. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-24079-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-24079-0">0-520-24079-0</a></li> <li>Mondloch, Kate. <i>Screens: Viewing Media Installation Art</i>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-6522-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-6522-8">978-0-8166-6522-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nechvatal" title="Joseph Nechvatal">Nechvatal, Joseph</a>, <i>Immersive Ideals / Critical Distances</i>. <a href="/wiki/LAP_Lambert_Academic_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="LAP Lambert Academic Publishing">LAP Lambert Academic Publishing</a>. 2009.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.eb.com/ebi/article-205952">"Opera"</a></span>. <i>Britannica Student Encyclopedia</i> (Encyclopædia Britannica Online ed.). 15 February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Britannica+Student+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Opera&rft.date=2006-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.eb.com%2Febi%2Farticle-205952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInstallation+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Reiss, Julie H. <i>From Margin to Center: The Spaces of Installation Art</i>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-68134-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-68134-X">0-262-68134-X</a></li> <li>Rosenthal, Mark. <i>Understanding Installation Art: From Duchamp to Holzer</i>. Munich: Prestel Verlag, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7913-2984-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7913-2984-7">3-7913-2984-7</a></li> <li>Suderburg, Erika. Space, Site, Intervention: Situating Installation Art. Minneapolis London: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-3159-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-3159-X">0-8166-3159-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Installation_art&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Installation_art" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Installation art">Installation art</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goethe.de/kue/bku/dos/rid/enindex.htm">Dossier: Site-specific Installations in Germany</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102161907/http://www.the-artists.org/artistsbymovement/Installation">Installation artists and art...the-artists.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artdesigncafe.com/Museum-of-Installation-Nico-de-Oliveira-Nicola-Oxley-2008">Museum of Installation (London): Interview with directors Nico de Oliveira & Nicola Oxley (2008)</a>. <i>Sculpture</i> / <i>artdesigncafe</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestranger.com/events/24391323/worlds-largest-dreamcatcher-sculpture-measurement-ceremony">Public Art Installation Of Paul Kuniholm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/i/installation-art">Installation art definition from the Tate Art Glossary</a></li></ul> <p><b>Contemporary installation organizations and museums</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061224175009/http://www.diacenter.org/bindex.html">Dia-Beacon Riggio Galleries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massmoca.org/">The Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mattress.org/">The Mattress Factory Art Museum</a></li></ul> <p><b>Installation art</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.file.org.br">Electronic Language International Festival</a> Interactive art installations and New media art.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zkm.de">Media art center, Karlsruhe Germany</a> one of the biggest center with a permanent collection of interactive installations.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">Cultural artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_art_history" title="Media art history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sculpture" title="Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artwork_title" title="Artwork title">Artwork title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">frescos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">Critic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">Patron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_universities_and_colleges_in_Europe" title="List of art universities and colleges in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_auction" title="Art auction">Art auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_colony" title="Art colony">Art colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Art commune">Art commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">Art exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_exhibition_space" title="Alternative exhibition space">alternative exhibition space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">Contemporary art gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-artist_museum" title="Single-artist museum">Single-artist museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_schools_in_Europe" title="List of art schools in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_centre" title="Arts centre">Arts centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_collective" title="Artist collective">Artist collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_cooperative" title="Artist cooperative">Artist cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">Artist-in-residence program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">Artist-run space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_museum" title="Virtual museum">Virtual museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_art" title="Timeline of art">Timeline of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">Art history (academic study)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">feminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting_history" title="Outline of painting history">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_20th_century_printmaking_in_America" title="Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America">Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_market" title="Art market">Art market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">Catalogue raisonné</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_Management_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection Management Policy">Museum collection management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">deaccessioning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation-restoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">paintings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction" title="Depiction">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_painting" title="Destination painting">Destination painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">Eclecticism in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">Economics of art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_finance" title="Art finance">art finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_valuation" title="Art valuation">art valuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_painting-related_articles" title="Index of painting-related articles">Index of painting-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_visual_arts" title="Outline of the visual arts">Outline of the visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting" title="Outline of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Sociology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_creative_work" title="Unfinished creative work">Unfinished work</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_magazines" title="List of art magazines">Art magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">Art media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">Art techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_museums" title="List of art museums">Art museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most visited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculpture_parks" title="List of sculpture parks">sculpture parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_single-artist_museums" title="List of single-artist museums">single artist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_reference_books" title="List of art reference books">Art reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colossal_sculptures_in_situ" title="List of colossal sculptures in situ">Colossal sculptures in situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_artists" title="List of contemporary artists">Contemporary artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_art_galleries" title="List of contemporary art galleries">Contemporary art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">Modern artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_galleries" title="List of national galleries">National galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters" title="Lists of painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_painters_by_name" title="List of painters by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters_by_nationality" title="Lists of painters by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptors" title="List of sculptors">Sculptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_sculptors" title="List of female sculptors">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stolen_paintings" title="List of stolen paintings">Stolen paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">Most expensive paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_sculptures" title="List of most expensive sculptures">sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_artworks_by_living_artists" title="List of most expensive artworks by living artists">works by living artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Painting" title="Portal:Painting">Painting portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Arts">Arts portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_arts43" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div 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href="/wiki/Body_art" title="Body art">Body art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_art" title="Computer art">Computer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">Craft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">pallet crafts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">Decorative arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_art" title="Light art">Light art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artistic_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artistic media">List of artistic media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_art_movements" title="Template talk:Western art movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern<br />(Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_school" title="Moscow school">Moscow school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br />Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br />to modern</a><br />(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a><br />(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Group_(New_Zealand_art)" title="The Group (New Zealand art)">The Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki_culture" title="Tiki culture">Tiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br />(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Apartment_Art" title="Chinese Apartment Art">Chinese Apartment Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_movements" title="Category:Art movements">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sculpture273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sculptures" title="Template:Sculptures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sculptures" title="Template talk:Sculptures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sculptures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sculptures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sculpture273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_sculpture" title="Architectural sculpture">Architectural sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">Assemblage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas relief">Bas relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">Bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy" title="Effigy">Effigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_sculpture" title="Gas sculpture">Gas sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Earth art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_sculpture" title="Environmental sculpture">Environmental sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">Figurine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinetic sculpture">Kinetic sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_(sculpture)" title="Mobile (sculpture)">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumental_sculpture" title="Monumental sculpture">Monumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedimental_sculpture" title="Pedimental sculpture">Pedimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">Stele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles of sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_sculpture" title="Baroque sculpture">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_sculpture" title="Classical sculpture">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detonography" title="Detonography">Detonography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_sculpture" title="Jain sculpture">Jain sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_sculpture" title="Renaissance sculpture">Renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements in sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_space" title="Negative space">Negative space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_sculpture" title="Marble sculpture">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sculpture" title="Ice sculpture">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesmonite" title="Jesmonite">Jesmonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrylic glass">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">Concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">Fiberglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabric">Fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable sculptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a> (c. 2558–2532 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Simbel" title="Abu Simbel">Abu Simbel temples</a> (c. 1264 BCE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discobolus" title="Discobolus">Discobolus</a></i> (c. 450 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> (438 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossus_of_Rhodes" title="Colossus of Rhodes">Colossus of Rhodes</a> (c. 292 BCE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace" title="Winged Victory of Samothrace">Winged Victory of Samothrace</a></i> (c. 2nd century BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> (246–210 BCE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n_and_His_Sons" title="Laocoön and His Sons">Laocoön and His Sons</a></i> (c. 200 BCE – 70 CE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_de_Milo" title="Venus de Milo">Venus de Milo</a></i> (130–100 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Statue_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius">Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius</a> (175 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a> (507–554 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral#Portals" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartes Cathedral</a> (c. 1194–1250 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun Temple</a> (1250 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">Moai</a>, Easter Islands (1250–1500 CE)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i> (1498–1499)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a></i> (1501–1504)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veiled_Christ" title="Veiled Christ">Veiled Christ</a></i> (1753)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamagaya_Great_Buddha" title="Kamagaya Great Buddha">Kamagaya Great Buddha</a> (1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column">Nelson's Column</a> (1843)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Belfort" title="Lion of Belfort">Lion of Belfort</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kiss_(Rodin_sculpture)" title="The Kiss (Rodin sculpture)">The Kiss</a></i> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty"><i>Liberty Enlightening the World</i>, Statue of Liberty</a> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gates_of_Hell" title="The Gates of Hell">The Gates of Hell</a></i> (1890–1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thinker" title="The Thinker">The Thinker</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne%27s_tomb" title="Jules Verne's tomb">Jules Verne's tomb</a> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln_Memorial)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial)">Abraham Lincoln</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore <i>Shrine of Democracy</i></a> (1927–1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)" title="Christ the Redeemer (statue)">Christ the Redeemer</a></i> (1927–1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Motherland_Calls" title="The Motherland Calls">The Motherland Calls</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Ukraine" title="Mother Ukraine">Mother Ukraine</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Genghis_Khan" title="Equestrian statue of Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan Equestrian Statue</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Unity" title="Statue of Unity">Statue of Unity</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sculpture" title="Category:Sculpture">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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