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Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digpakking" title="Digpakking – afrikanų" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Digpakking" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="نظام بلوري – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام بلوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_cristal%C3%ADn" title="Sistema cristalín – asturianų" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema cristalín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalloqrafik_sinqoniya" title="Kristalloqrafik sinqoniya – azerbaidžaniečių" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kristalloqrafik sinqoniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžaniečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сінгонія – baltarusių" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сінгонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltarusių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сингония – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сингония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalni_sistem" title="Kristalni sistem – bosnių" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kristalni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_cristal%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Sistema cristal·lí – katalonų" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema cristal·lí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystalografick%C3%A1_soustava" title="Krystalografická soustava – čekų" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krystalografická soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallsystem" title="Kristallsystem – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kristallsystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κρυσταλλικό σύστημα – graikų" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρυσταλλικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="graikų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Crystal system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalsistemo" title="Kristalsistemo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristalsistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_cristalino" title="Sistema cristalino – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema cristalino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCngoonia" title="Süngoonia – estų" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süngoonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_kristalino" title="Sistema kristalino – baskų" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sistema kristalino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دستگاه بلوری – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه بلوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin" title="Système cristallin – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système cristallin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_cristalino" title="Sistema cristalino – galisų" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema cristalino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מערכת גבישית – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת גבישית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_kristal" title="Sistem kristal – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem kristal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_cristallino" title="Sistema cristallino – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema cristallino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="結晶系 – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結晶系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сингония – kazachų" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сингония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95%EA%B3%84" title="결정계 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결정계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сингония – kirgizų" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сингония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singonija" title="Singonija – latvių" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Singonija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalstelsel" title="Kristalstelsel – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kristalstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystallsystem" title="Krystallsystem – naujoji norvegų" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krystallsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="naujoji norvegų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_krystalograficzny" title="Układ krystalograficzny – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ krystalograficzny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_cristalino" title="Sistema cristalino – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema cristalino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_cristalin" title="Sistem cristalin – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem cristalin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сингония – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сингония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalni_sustav" title="Kristalni sustav – serbų-kroatų" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kristalni sustav" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbų-kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kry%C5%A1t%C3%A1lov%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Kryštálová sústava – slovakų" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kryštálová sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Кристални системи – serbų" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристални системи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal_sistemi" title="Kristal sistemi – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kristal sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сингонія – ukrainiečių" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сингонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_tinh_th%E1%BB%83" title="Hệ tinh thể – vietnamiečių" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ tinh thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="晶系 – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晶系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q898786#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Keisti tarpkalbines nuorodas" class="wbc-editpage">Keisti nuorodas</a></span></div> </div> 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<tbody><tr> <td> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:NoFonti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/46px-NoFonti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/69px-NoFonti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/NoFonti.svg/92px-NoFonti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>  </td> <td><b>Šiam straipsniui ar jo daliai <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas" title="Vikipedija:Patikrinamumas">trūksta išnašų į patikimus šaltinius</a>.</b><br /><small>Jūs galite padėti Vikipedijai pridėdami <a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:%C5%A0altini%C5%B3_nurodymas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipedija:Šaltinių nurodymas">tinkamas išnašas</a> su šaltiniais.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Monocristal_dsc03676.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Monocristal_dsc03676.jpg/300px-Monocristal_dsc03676.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Monocristal_dsc03676.jpg/450px-Monocristal_dsc03676.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Monocristal_dsc03676.jpg/600px-Monocristal_dsc03676.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Didžiulis dirbtinis monokristalas išaugintas Saint-Gobain</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kristalinė gardelė</b> – <a href="/wiki/Chemija" title="Chemija">chemijoje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizikoje</a> bei kai kuriose kitose <a href="/wiki/Gamtos_mokslas" title="Gamtos mokslas">gamtos mokslų</a> šakose vartojamas terminas, apibūdinantis tvarkingą <a href="/wiki/Atomas" title="Atomas">atomų</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molekul%C4%97" title="Molekulė">molekulių</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Jonas_(dalel%C4%97)" title="Jonas (dalelė)">jonų</a> išsidėstymą kai kurių medžiagų struktūroje. </p><p>Apie mineralų kristalus plačiau skaitykite straipsnyje <a href="/wiki/Kristalas" title="Kristalas">kristalas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gardelės_sandara"><span id="Gardel.C4.97s_sandara"></span>Gardelės sandara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalin%C4%97_gardel%C4%97&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Gardelės sandara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalin%C4%97_gardel%C4%97&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Gardelės sandara"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kristalinė gardelė yra sudaryta iš dviejų dalių: </p> <ul><li>tam tikru būdu <a href="/wiki/Erdv%C4%97" title="Erdvė">erdvėje</a> išdėstytų taškų;</li> <li>kiekvienam iš tų taškų priskirto <a href="/wiki/Atomas" title="Atomas">atomų</a> rinkinio.</li></ul> <p>Taškų išdėstymas turi tenkinti pagrindinę taisyklę: nepriklausomai nuo to, kuris taškas bus parinktas atskaitos sistemos pradžia, visa jų <a href="/wiki/Sistema" title="Sistema">sistema</a> turi atrodyti vienodai. Tokia sistema gali būti aprašyta vektoriais: jei </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u_{1},u_{2},u_{3}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u_{1},u_{2},u_{3}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34873f4ca1034aa33cdb4961ca8a397ef3a904bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.607ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u_{1},u_{2},u_{3}\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>yra <a href="/wiki/Vektorius" title="Vektorius">vektoriai</a> (vadinamieji baziniai vektoriai), nurodantys atstumus nuo vieno taško iki trijų artimiausių jam taškų, ir tie vektoriai nėra vienoje plokštumoje, tuomet kiekvienas gardelės taškas gali būti aprašytas vektoriumi </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R=au_{1}+bu_{2}+cu_{3}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R=au_{1}+bu_{2}+cu_{3}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea43762c0833597be467182251f82aedb359fdf2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.316ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R=au_{1}+bu_{2}+cu_{3}\,}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>kur a, b ir c yra <a href="/wiki/Sveikieji_skai%C4%8Diai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveikieji skaičiai">sveikieji skaičiai</a>. </p><p>Pagal bazinių vektorių padėtis vienas kito atžvilgiu, kristalinės gardelės skirstomos į 32 tipus. Dažniausiai sutinkami yra <a href="/wiki/Kubas" title="Kubas">kubo</a> formos gardelių tipai – (<a href="/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba">angl.</a> <i>simple cubic, face centered cubic, body centered cubic</i>), bei šešiakampė (<a href="/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba">angl.</a> <i>hexagonal close packed</i>) gardelė. </p><p>Kiekvienam gardelės taškui gali būti priskirta po vieną ar keletą atomų. Dauguma elementų turi gardeles su vienu atomu prie kiekvieno taško, tačiau kai kurios jų struktūros (pavyzdžiui, <a href="/wiki/Deimantas" title="Deimantas">deimantas</a>) turi po keletą atomų. Dauguma junginių turi po keletą skirtingų elementų atomų, susietų su kiekvienu tašku (pavyzdžiui, <a href="/wiki/Natrio_chloridas" title="Natrio chloridas">natrio chloridas</a> kiekvienam gardelės taškui turi po vieną natrio ir vieną chloro atomą). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vienetinė_ląstelė"><span id="Vienetin.C4.97_l.C4.85stel.C4.97"></span>Vienetinė ląstelė</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalin%C4%97_gardel%C4%97&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Vienetinė ląstelė" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalin%C4%97_gardel%C4%97&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vienetinė ląstelė"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kiekvienoje gardelėje galima išskirti vienetines ląsteles. Vienetinė ląstelė – tokia gardelės dalis, kurią nukopijavus per visus arba dalį įmanomų gardelės vektorių, atkuriama visa gardelės struktūra. Jei toks atkūrimas įmanomas tik nukopijavus ląstelę per visus vektorius, ląstelė vadinama pirmine vienetine ląstele. Praktiniams skaičiavimams dažnai patogiau naudoti didesnes vienetines ląsteles, kurių forma yra lengviau aprašoma. </p><p>Atstumas tarp vienetinių ląstelių vadinamas <i><a href="/wiki/Gardel%C4%97s_konstanta" title="Gardelės konstanta">gardelės konstanta</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fizikinės_savybės"><span id="Fizikin.C4.97s_savyb.C4.97s"></span>Fizikinės savybės</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalin%C4%97_gardel%C4%97&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Fizikinės savybės" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalin%C4%97_gardel%C4%97&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Fizikinės savybės"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kristalinė gardelė nulemia daugelį elementų fizikinių savybių. </p> <ul><li>Priklausomai nuo gardelės simetriškumo, elementai gali turėti labai skirtingas atsparumo spaudimui reikšmes skirtingomis kryptimis.</li> <li>Tas pat galioja ir <a href="/wiki/Elektrinis_laidumas" title="Elektrinis laidumas">elektriniam laidumui</a>.</li> <li>Gardelės buvimas leidžia paaiškinti skirtumus tarp <a href="/wiki/Metalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalas">metalų</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puslaidininkis" title="Puslaidininkis">puslaidininkių</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Izoliatorius" title="Izoliatorius">izoliatorių</a> elektrinio laidumo.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rodomas puslapis "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristalinė_gardelė&oldid=6767745">https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristalinė_gardelė&oldid=6767745</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kategorijos" title="Specialus:Kategorijos">Kategorijos</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Kondensuot%C5%B3j%C5%B3_med%C5%BEiag%C5%B3_fizika" title="Kategorija:Kondensuotųjų medžiagų fizika">Kondensuotųjų medžiagų fizika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Mineralogija" title="Kategorija:Mineralogija">Mineralogija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Chemija" title="Kategorija:Chemija">Chemija</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Paslėptos kategorijos: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_be_%C5%A1altini%C5%B3_nenurodyta_nuo_kada" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai be šaltinių nenurodyta nuo kada">Straipsniai be šaltinių nenurodyta nuo kada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_be_%C5%A1altini%C5%B3_be_skydelio_datos" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai be šaltinių be skydelio datos">Straipsniai be šaltinių be skydelio datos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_be_%C5%A1altini%C5%B3" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai be šaltinių">Straipsniai be šaltinių</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šis puslapis paskutinį kartą keistas 26 lapkričio 2022 14:27.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekstas pateikiamas pagal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike Licenciją</a>; gali būti taikomos papildomos sąlygos. 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