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<li id="toc-Bio_Dopz_(1929–1935)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bio_Dopz_(1929–1935)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bio Dopz (1929–1935)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bio_Dopz_(1929–1935)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kino_Scala_(1935–1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kino_Scala_(1935–1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kino Scala (1935–1948)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kino_Scala_(1935–1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kino_Moskva_(1948–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kino_Moskva_(1948–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kino Moskva (1948–1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kino_Moskva_(1948–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kino_Scala_(1991–2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kino_Scala_(1991–2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kino Scala (1991–2011)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kino_Scala_(1991–2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_Cinema_Scala_(2013–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_Cinema_Scala_(2013–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>University Cinema Scala (2013–)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_Cinema_Scala_(2013–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities_and_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities_and_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Facilities and equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities_and_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photo_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photo_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Photo gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photo_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_Cinema_Scala&params=49.1974_N_16.6082_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°11′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°36′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.1974°N 16.6082°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.1974; 16.6082</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala,_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_(8618).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288618%29.jpg/220px-Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288618%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288618%29.jpg/330px-Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288618%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288618%29.jpg/440px-Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288618%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>University Cinema Scala's logo above the cinema entrance staircase</figcaption></figure> <p><b>University Cinema Scala</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> in the Czech Republic. It is located at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravské náměstí (page does not exist)">Moravské náměstí</a> (Moravian Square) in the basement of building 127/3, <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">city quarter</a> <a href="/wiki/Brno-st%C5%99ed" title="Brno-střed">Brno-střed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood" title="Neighbourhood">neighbourhood</a> <a href="/wiki/Brno-m%C4%9Bsto" class="mw-redirect" title="Brno-město">Brno-město</a>. It has been in operation since 1929 and was at times also called <b>Bio Dopz</b> and <b>Kino Moskva </b>(Moscow Cinema). Since the autumn of 2013, it has been run by <a href="/wiki/Masaryk_University" title="Masaryk University">Masaryk University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aeropolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeropolis">Aeropolis</a> company as the first university cinema in the Czech Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-idnes130916_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idnes130916-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides regular film screenings, it also serves as a representative space and a lecture and conference hall used for academic purposes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bio_Dopz_(1929–1935)"><span id="Bio_Dopz_.281929.E2.80.931935.29"></span>Bio Dopz (1929–1935)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bio Dopz (1929–1935)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first mobile cinematographs appear edin Brno in 1896 and the first permanent cinema opened in 1907. However, the current University Cinema Scala only opened about 20 years later, when there were already a number of other cinemas in the city: Centrál (the first cinema, that opened in 1907), Edison (1908), Varieté (later turned into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divadlo_Radost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divadlo Radost (page does not exist)">Divadlo Radost</a> theatre), Oránia (1911), Lidový biograf (1911), and other ones.<sup id="cite_ref-gala17-21_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gala17-21-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scala opened in a new building called the DOPZ Palace, which was built at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravské náměstí (page does not exist)">Moravské náměstí (then called Lažanského náměstí)</a> probably between 1927 and 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-historie_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DOPZ was an acronym of the cooperative society "Družstvo obchodních a průmyslových zaměstnanců" (full name "Stavební a obchodní družstvo zaměstnanců obchodu a průmyslu, zapsaná společnost s ručením omezeným") that had owned the whole building since September 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-edmb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edmb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the cinema was originally called <b>Bio Dopz</b>, it was not run by the cooperative, but by a foundation designed to support university students in Moravia and Silesia named after <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk">T. G. Masaryk</a> ("Masarykův fond na podporu studentstva vysokých škol na Moravě a ve Slezsku").<sup id="cite_ref-muni131018_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muni131018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation asked for a licence to operate a cinematograph as early as on 11 July 1922, and on 28 December 1923 it was granted a licence to operate the Bristol cinema in Křenová street valid until the end of 1926. However, the foundation found it difficult to acquire the premises needed to run a cinema and so it kept looking at other places – such as the cinema Universum in Lidická (then called Nová) street or a hall in the new Nový domov building in Gorkého (Folkensteinerova) street – until the licence expired. The foundation was promised a new licence in April 1927 and in June 1928, it was offered by DOPZ to run a cinema in its building (DOPZ Palace) located between two squares – Moravské náměstí and Jakubské náměstí (Jacobian Square). Accordingly, it asked for a new licence on 24 September 1928. After some disputes with the local authorities, the foundation was granted a preliminary licence on 27 December 1929 and a full licence on 6 March 1930. While it was trying to obtain a licence, the premises of the cinema were acquired by the company Kraus a spol. On 20 December 1929, the foundation entered into an agreement with the company valid until the end of 1935. According to the agreement, the company set up and run the cinema using the licence acquired by the foundation; in return, it paid 8% of its gross revenue to the foundation. In its turn, the foundation was paying 40% of its net gains to three different associations.<sup id="cite_ref-novak_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cinema opened on 28 December 1929 with a screening of the American sound film romance <i><a href="/wiki/White_Shadows_in_the_South_Seas" title="White Shadows in the South Seas">White Shadows in the South Seas</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-novak-392_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-392-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vlckova-hist_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vlckova-hist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> for best cinematography.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the cinema was managed by Rudolf Valenta, and since 1930 by Rudolf Urban.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-392_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-392-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entrance fee ranged between 3 and 7 <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_koruna" title="Czechoslovak koruna">Czechoslovak crowns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-391_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-391-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the overall earnings are unknown, the foundation received a yearly share of 189,077, 160,642, and 121,782 crowns in 1930, 1931, and 1932 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-394_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-394-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kino_Scala_(1935–1948)"><span id="Kino_Scala_.281935.E2.80.931948.29"></span>Kino Scala (1935–1948)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kino Scala (1935–1948)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For commercial reasons, the name of the cinema was changed to <b>Scala </b>on 3 December 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-396_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-396-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-muni131018_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muni131018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, the licence was nearing its expiration date. The foundation asked for the licence to be extended in February 1936; the application was refused on 31 March 1936 and the local authorities requested that the cinema should be closed by the end of 1936. In October 1937, the Scala licence was granted to a police headquarters association "Jubilejní ozdravovna policejního ředitelství v Brně". This association received 5.5% of net revenue from the Kraus company, which amounted to 85,075 and 82,832 crowns in 1937 and 1938 respectively, and it was required to transfer 2% to other associations.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-397_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-397-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following years, the operation of the cinema was impacted by the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">German occupation</a>. Among other things, the contribution to the Masaryk foundation was cancelled and substituted by a contribution to Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt (NSV). On 4 December 1941, the DOPZ buildings were purchased by the insurance company and on 14 July 1942, the cinema premises were rented by Fritz Lord and Josef Veselý, who began to operate the cinema. They asked for a cinema licence as early as on 2 June 1941 and received it on 7 April 1944. With the arrival of the battlefront on 15 April 1945, the cinema was forced to suspend its operation. The cinema building burned out, as well as the neighbouring buildings, but the basement premises of the cinema were left untouched. After the most necessary repairs of the entrance, the cinema opened for provisional screenings on 9 May 1945 and normal operation resumed on 2 June, after foyer refurbishments, with the screening of a film by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Fri%C4%8D" title="Martin Frič">Martin Frič</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Second_Shift_(Czech_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Second Shift (Czech film) (page does not exist)">The Second Shift</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-399_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-399-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kino_Moskva_(1948–1991)"><span id="Kino_Moskva_.281948.E2.80.931991.29"></span>Kino Moskva (1948–1991)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kino Moskva (1948–1991)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_in_Brno_with_reliefs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Building_in_Brno_with_reliefs.JPG/220px-Building_in_Brno_with_reliefs.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Building_in_Brno_with_reliefs.JPG/330px-Building_in_Brno_with_reliefs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Building_in_Brno_with_reliefs.JPG/440px-Building_in_Brno_with_reliefs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2107" data-file-height="2883" /></a><figcaption>The facade of the building that used to belong the Hutní projekt company (during the reconstruction of the square in 2010)</figcaption></figure> <p>A nationalization decree from 11 September 1945 nationalized the film industry, production, and distribution including all cinemas. The state-owned enterprise <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ceskoslovensk%C3%BD_st%C3%A1tn%C3%AD_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Československý státní film (page does not exist)">Československý státní film</a><sup id="cite_ref-gala3-4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gala3-4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became the authority that supervised the whole industry. On 25 September 1946, Lažanského náměstí (Lažanský Square) was renamed náměstí Rudé armády (Red Army Square)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the cinema later followed suit: on 15 October 1948, it was renamed <b>Moskva </b>(Moscow). In the early 1950s, the fire-damaged building as well as the adjacent houses were reconstructed<sup id="cite_ref-novak-400_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-400-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the former DOPZ Palace was replaced by an ostentatious building of Hutní projekt built in the style of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist realism</a> by a Brno architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubor_Lacina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubor Lacina (page does not exist)">Lubor Lacina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historie_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A government decree from 16 January 1957 assigned the management of cinemas to "<a href="/w/index.php?title=National_committee_(Czechoslovakia_1945%E2%80%931990)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National committee (Czechoslovakia 1945–1990) (page does not exist)">national committees</a>" (local authority councils). Brno established "Správa městských kin", an organisation tasked with managing the city cinemas and led by Antonín Kalášek as its first director, which took over all 29 cinemas in Brno including Moskva from the previous organisation, Krajský filmový podnik.<sup id="cite_ref-gala3-4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gala3-4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the cinema was also being reconstructed in 1957, it was closed between 16 June and 21 November that year. It opened on 21 November with a screening of a French-Italian film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Part_(film)" title="The Best Part (film)">The Best Part</a></i> (<i><span class="cizojazycne" lang="fr" title="francouzština">La Meilleure part</span></i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) starring <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Philipe" title="Gérard Philipe">Gérard Philipe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-400_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-400-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">21 September 1968</a>, the cinema was renamed back to Scala for a short period of time, but after 26 September 1969 it was called Moskva again.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-400_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-400-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vlckova-hist_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vlckova-hist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cinema was closed for repairs between 1971 and 1973, when it was adapted for 70mm films and stereophonic sound. The cinema opened again on 22 November 1973 with a ceremony that included the screening of the movie <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Siberian_Woman_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Siberian Woman (film) (page does not exist)">The Siberian Woman</a></i> (<i><span class="cizojazycne" lang="ru" title="ruština">Сибирячка</span></i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) by director <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Saltykov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksei Saltykov">Aleksei Saltykov</a> to invited guests; regular screenings for the public began on the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-400_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-400-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, the Moskva cinema was one of the best in the city, together with other cinemas in the city centre such as the Družba, Praha, Jalta, and Úderka cinemas.<sup id="cite_ref-gala8-12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gala8-12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, it boasted the best equipment in Brno after the above-mentioned reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-gala12-15_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gala12-15-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kino_Scala_(1991–2011)"><span id="Kino_Scala_.281991.E2.80.932011.29"></span>Kino Scala (1991–2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kino Scala (1991–2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kino_Scala_-_logo_nad_prostorem_s_pokladnami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kino_Scala_-_logo_nad_prostorem_s_pokladnami.jpg/220px-Kino_Scala_-_logo_nad_prostorem_s_pokladnami.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kino_Scala_-_logo_nad_prostorem_s_pokladnami.jpg/330px-Kino_Scala_-_logo_nad_prostorem_s_pokladnami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kino_Scala_-_logo_nad_prostorem_s_pokladnami.jpg/440px-Kino_Scala_-_logo_nad_prostorem_s_pokladnami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="3758" /></a><figcaption>Former logo above the entrance staircase (before the interruption of operation in 2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1991 – after the <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a> – the cinema returned to its original name Scala.<sup id="cite_ref-edmb_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edmb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Kulturní a informační centrum města Brna" (Brno Cultural and Information Centre) was established the same year and merged with the "Správa městských kin" organisation in November 1994; since 1 January 1995, Scala was officially managed by this new centre.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1999, the first <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">multiplex</a> opened in the Olympia shopping mall in Brno: the second in the Czech Republic (Galaxie in Prague was the first) and the first one that met European standards.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, Scala was the 7th most visited cinema in the Czech Republic with 99,000 visitors, but Olympia already ranked higher and took the 6th place with 120,000 visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-idnes000816_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idnes000816-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second multiplex in Brno, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_City_Velk%C3%BD_%C5%A0pal%C3%AD%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema City Velký Špalíček (page does not exist)">Velký Špalíček</a>, opened in 2001 and single-screen cinemas started closing one by one during the next five years. Scala thus remained one of the last single-screen cinemas in Brno, together with Art and Lucerna.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-den080109_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den080109-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operator of the city cinemas filed a complaint to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_for_the_Protection_of_Competition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office for the Protection of Competition (page does not exist)">Office for the Protection of Competition</a> against the preferential treatment that multiplexes received from distributors, but was not successful.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time, the cinemas were already operated by "Brněnské kulturní centrum" (Brno Cultural Centre), a new organisation established as of 1 January 2005, when the Brno Cultural and Information Centre was split into two independent centres (the other one was "Turistické informační centrum" – Tourist Information Office). However, both centres were reunited in 2008 as Brno Cultural Centre and further organisational changes followed even after that.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bk120325_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bk120325-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of visitors to the large-scale auditorium in Scala dropped below 16,000 for the first 10 months of 2009; this was 24 times and 30 times less than the rate for the two Brno multiplexes, respectively, and even less than the rate for the smaller Art cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-den091122_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den091122-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-den100422_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den100422-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides a less attractive dramaturgy<sup id="cite_ref-den091122_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den091122-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the policies of film distributors, the head manager of the city cinemas Daniel Zásměta claimed the cinema needed a large-scale reconstruction, which was made impossible by an action to ascertain the ownership of the building that had been filed by the city of Brno and was of many years' standing.<sup id="cite_ref-den090324_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den090324-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, Moravské náměstí was being reconstructed in 2009–2010,<sup id="cite_ref-den100915_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den100915-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made the neighbourhood temporarily less attractive for visitors. The average number of visitors to Scala in 2010 was 37 and the total number per year was 27,713.<sup id="cite_ref-den111202_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den111202-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 June 2011, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brno_City_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brno City Council (page does not exist)">Brno city council</a> approved a change in the deed of foundation of the cinema operator, the Brno Cultural Centre. It changed its name to "Turistické informační centrum" (Tourist Information Centre) and accordingly, the main focus of its activities shifted from culture towards tourism and marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bk120325_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bk120325-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-den110607_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den110607-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Art cinema was modernised and digitalised, the city decided to close Scala down.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 October, the Brno city council agreed to end the cinema operation by 31 December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-den111202_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den111202-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last screening for the public, showing a Canadian co-production film <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Nobody_(film)" title="Mr. Nobody (film)">Mr. Nobody</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took place on 21 December 2011, and the last screening for schoolchildren took place the next morning.<sup id="cite_ref-den111221_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den111221-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_Cinema_Scala_(2013–)"><span id="University_Cinema_Scala_.282013.E2.80.93.29"></span>University Cinema Scala (2013–)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: University Cinema Scala (2013–)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala,_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_(8617).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288617%29.jpg/220px-Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288617%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288617%29.jpg/330px-Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288617%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288617%29.jpg/440px-Univerzitn%C3%AD_kino_Scala%2C_vstupn%C3%AD_foyer_%288617%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The entrance staircase in 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>The academic staff of the Department of Film Studies and Audiovisual Culture, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faculty_of_Arts,_Masaryk_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University (page does not exist)">Faculty of Arts at Masaryk University</a> protested against the decision to close the cinema and started a petition to keep the cinema in operation.<sup id="cite_ref-idnes111128_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idnes111128-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-idnes111202_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idnes111202-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-den111129_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den111129-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before releasing a tender, the city of Brno offered to lease the cinema to the Masaryk University for the symbolic yearly rent of one <a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech crown</a><sup id="cite_ref-den111202_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den111202-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the university expressed an interest in this offer.<sup id="cite_ref-den111207_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den111207-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2012, the university confirmed that it was interested in renting the cinema and announced that it had a partner for the cinema operation.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-idnes120330_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idnes120330-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After further negotiations,<sup id="cite_ref-den120826_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den120826-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Brno city council approved the main points of the contract draft on 27 March 2013 and on 17 April it approved a 30-year lease of the cinema for 1.8 million crowns (€66,600 as of April 2016) a year.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-den130329_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den130329-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basic refurbishing of the cinema before its reopening was finished by the end of September 2013. The cost of the refurbishing and subsequent digitalisation of the projection equipment was 12 million crowns. The repairs were paid for by the city of Brno, which then received the money back from the university in the form of rent. The university partnered with <a href="/wiki/Aeropolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeropolis">Aeropolis</a>, a cinema operator that had already had some experience with running independent cinemas in Prague and Hradec Králové and was charged with ensuring year-round film screenings. Moreover, the university began to use the cinema for academic purposes as a lecture and conference hall and space for <a href="/wiki/Graduation" title="Graduation">graduation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matriculation" title="Matriculation">matriculation</a> ceremonies. The cinema opened for the public on 14 October 2013 with a ceremony that included the screening of a unique interactive film project <i><a href="/wiki/Kinoautomat" title="Kinoautomat">Kinoautomat: Člověk a jeho dům</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-idnes130916_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idnes130916-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-den130916_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-den130916-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-idnes131008_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idnes131008-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities_and_equipment">Facilities and equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Facilities and equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cinema was originally established as a part of the multi-purpose DOPZ Palace building. In the late 1920s, the building consisted of offices, a large conference, dance, and theatre hall on the ground floor, the Biber cafe on the first and second floors and the cinema itself in the basement.<sup id="cite_ref-historie_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basement location was originally a problem, as the lowest point in the auditorium was more than 7 metres (23 ft) below the pavement level by the main entrance at Moravské náměstí (then called Lažanského náměstí), while the then-applicable ministerial decree only allowed a depth of 6 metres (20 ft). For this reason, the local authorities refused to approve the licence application on 31 October 1928. The re-submitted application therefore cited the entrance from Jakubské náměstí, which lies below Moravské náměstí, as the main entrance, and the relative depth of the auditorium was thus reduced to 5.77 metres (18.9 ft). The number of seats was also determined during the <a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_occupancy" title="Certificate of occupancy">occupancy permit</a> procedure: 562 seats in the stalls and 238 on the balconies, altogether 800 seats, which was the maximum capacity allowed by the ministerial decree for underground cinemas.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-390_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-390-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the remodelling of the cinema in 1931, the operator received a permission to change the seating arrangements in the auditorium: by removing the boxes on the sides, the cinema was able to offer 304 seats on the balconies and 702 stalls seats (altogether 1,006 seats). There were further changes in May of the same year that brought the seating capacity of the cinema up to 700 + 312 or 1,012 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-395_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-395-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gala20_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gala20-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Measured by seating capacity, Bio Dopz was the largest cinema in Brno. In 1932, the waiting room was turned into a smoking lounge; afterwards, the foyer served as the waiting space.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-395_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-395-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kino_Scala_-_promitarna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kino_Scala_-_promitarna.jpg/220px-Kino_Scala_-_promitarna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kino_Scala_-_promitarna.jpg/330px-Kino_Scala_-_promitarna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kino_Scala_-_promitarna.jpg/440px-Kino_Scala_-_promitarna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>The cinema projection box with two Meo 5-XB projectors in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1957, the cinema was rebuilt for widescreen projection using the <a href="/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope">CinemaScope</a> system. At the same time, the balcony on the sides of the auditorium was demolished and new seats were installed and rearranged to provide 550 seats in the stalls and 200 on the balcony. The original spiral staircase was also removed as well as the projection box, which was moved to another part of the basement with an entrance right next to the auditorium entrance. The cash desk in the upper foyer was divided into two.<sup id="cite_ref-novak-400_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-400-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cinema obtained equipment allowing panoramic 70mm film projection during the next round of remodelling and repairs, which took place in 1971–1973 based on a project prepared by architect Jaroslav Šmídek. The projection box received two <a href="/w/index.php?title=UM_70/35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UM 70/35 (page does not exist)">UM 70/35</a> projectors and one <a href="/wiki/Meopta" title="Meopta">ME 9 projector</a> and a 6-channel amplifier system was installed to ensure stereo sound. The smoking lounge was turned into a bar; the cash desks were moved opposite the entrance staircase and an office took their place. Again, new seats were installed in the auditorium: the new arrangement saw the seating capacity decrease to 328 stalls seats and 145 balcony seats (altogether 473 seats).<sup id="cite_ref-novak-400_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novak-400-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanks to these changes, the Moskva cinema, as it was called at the time, became the best-equipped cinema in Brno.<sup id="cite_ref-gala13_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gala13-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The latest refurbishing took place in 2013, when the cinema obtained digital equipment for projection in 4K and in the <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital Plus 7.1</a> sound format.<sup id="cite_ref-historie_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photo_gallery">Photo gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Photo gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brnenske_kino_Scala_-_pohled_k_platnu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University Cinema Scala – view of the screen"><img alt="University Cinema Scala – view of the screen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brnenske_kino_Scala_-_pohled_k_platnu.jpg/150px-Brnenske_kino_Scala_-_pohled_k_platnu.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brnenske_kino_Scala_-_pohled_k_platnu.jpg/225px-Brnenske_kino_Scala_-_pohled_k_platnu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brnenske_kino_Scala_-_pohled_k_platnu.jpg/300px-Brnenske_kino_Scala_-_pohled_k_platnu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">University Cinema Scala – view of the screen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kino_Scala_-_pohled_od_platna_do_hlediste.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University Cinema Scala – view from the screen to the auditorium"><img alt="University Cinema Scala – view from the screen to the auditorium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kino_Scala_-_pohled_od_platna_do_hlediste.jpg/150px-Kino_Scala_-_pohled_od_platna_do_hlediste.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kino_Scala_-_pohled_od_platna_do_hlediste.jpg/225px-Kino_Scala_-_pohled_od_platna_do_hlediste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kino_Scala_-_pohled_od_platna_do_hlediste.jpg/300px-Kino_Scala_-_pohled_od_platna_do_hlediste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2006" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">University Cinema Scala – view from the screen to the auditorium</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-idnes130916-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-idnes130916_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idnes130916_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">SVOBODOVÁ, Karolína. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gala17-21-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gala17-21_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GÁLA, Antonín.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historie-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-historie_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historie_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historie_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historie_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">ALTMAN, Karel; ŠMEJDOVÁ, Petra.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edmb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edmb_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edmb_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MJ, Fl. <i>Kino Scala</i> [online].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muni131018-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-muni131018_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-muni131018_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">FOJTŮ, Martina.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-novak_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NOVÁK, Václav.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-392-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-novak-392_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-novak-392_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vlckova-hist-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vlckova-hist_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vlckova-hist_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">VLČKOVÁ, Lenka.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Bílé stíny</i> [online]. Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze, [cit. 2015-11-05].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>White Shadows in the South Seas</i> [online].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-391-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-novak-391_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-394-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-novak-394_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-396-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-novak-396_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-397-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-novak-397_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 397–398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-399-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-novak-399_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Druhá směna</i> [online]. Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze, [cit. 2015-11-13].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gala3-4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gala3-4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gala3-4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gála, kapitola Současnost brněnských kin, s. 3–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Moravské náměstí</i> [online].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-400-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-novak-400_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-novak-400_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-novak-400_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-novak-400_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-novak-400_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-novak-400_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 400–401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Sibiřanka</i> [online]. Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze, [cit. 2015-11-17].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Sibiřanka</i> [online].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gala8-12-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gala8-12_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gála, kapitola Specializace brněnských kin, s. 8–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gala12-15-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gala12-15_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gála, kapitola Zlepšování vybavenosti kin, s. 12–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DUFKOVÁ, Kamila.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PASEKOVÁ, Lucie.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idnes000816-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idnes000816_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SPÁČILOVÁ, Mirka; cfa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paseková, s. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den080109-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den080109_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Tradiční kina v kraji bojují s multiplexy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paseková, s. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Informační list č. 4/2006</i> [PDF online]. Úřad pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže, [cit. 2015-11-17].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dufková, s. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bk120325-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bk120325_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bk120325_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">BERNÁTEK, Martin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den091122-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-den091122_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-den091122_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">ŠEDÁ, Aneta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den100422-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den100422_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">STULÍROVÁ, Markéta; SUCHÁ, Lenka; ZABADALOVÁ, Veronika.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den090324-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den090324_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">STULÍROVÁ, Markéta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den100915-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den100915_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">REICH, Michal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den111202-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-den111202_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-den111202_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-den111202_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">SPĚŠNÝ, Jan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dufková, s. 74–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den110607-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den110607_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TAUŠOVÁ, Zuzana.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dufková, s. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">ŽÁRA, Pavel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Pan Nikdo</i> [online]. Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze, [cit. 2015-11-17].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den111221-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den111221_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">STUCHLÍKOVÁ, Markéta; ŽÍDKOVÁ, Klára.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idnes111128-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idnes111128_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">KOLÍNKOVÁ, Eliška; HORÁK, Michal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idnes111202-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idnes111202_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">KOLÍNKOVÁ, Eliška; TAUŠOVÁ, Zuzana.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den111129-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den111129_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ČTVRTEČKOVÁ, Helena.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den111207-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den111207_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HORÁKOVÁ, Veronika.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">POLČÁKOVÁ, Petra.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idnes120330-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idnes120330_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HORÁK, Michal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den120826-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den120826_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JEŘÁBEK, Petr; FAJKUSOVÁ, Anna.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">POVOLNÝ, David.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den130329-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den130329_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FOLTÁNKOVÁ, Kateřina.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-den130916-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-den130916_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SIGMUNDOVÁ, Blanka.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idnes131008-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idnes131008_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LACINOVÁ, Simona.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Kinoautomat: Člověk a jeho dům</i> [online]. Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze, [cit. 2015-11-17].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-390-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-novak-390_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 390–391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novak-395-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-novak-395_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-novak-395_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novák, s. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gala20-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gala20_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gála, s. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gala13-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gala13_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gála, s. 13.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Cinema_Scala&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scala_cinema_Brno" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Scala cinema Brno">Kino Scala</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinoscala.cz">Official cinema website</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_Cinema_Scala&params=49.1974_N_16.6082_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°11′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°36′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.1974°N 16.6082°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.1974; 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