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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutherford Alcock</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rutherford Alcock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rutherford Alcock" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="رادفورد الکوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادفورد الکوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rutherford Alcock" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EB%93%9C%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EC%98%AC%EC%BD%95" title="러드퍼드 올콕 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러드퍼드 올콕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rutherford Alcock" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A7" title="רתרפורד אולקוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רתרפורד אולקוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83" title="روثيرفورد الكوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روثيرفورد الكوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ラザフォード・オールコック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラザフォード・オールコック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rutherford Alcock" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rutherford Alcock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rutherford Alcock" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Олкок, Резерфорд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Олкок, Резерфорд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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searchaux" style="display:none">British diplomatic representative</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutherford_Alcock,_Lock_%26_Whitfield_woodburytype,_1876-84.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rutherford_Alcock%2C_Lock_%26_Whitfield_woodburytype%2C_1876-84.jpg/220px-Rutherford_Alcock%2C_Lock_%26_Whitfield_woodburytype%2C_1876-84.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rutherford_Alcock%2C_Lock_%26_Whitfield_woodburytype%2C_1876-84.jpg/330px-Rutherford_Alcock%2C_Lock_%26_Whitfield_woodburytype%2C_1876-84.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rutherford_Alcock%2C_Lock_%26_Whitfield_woodburytype%2C_1876-84.jpg/440px-Rutherford_Alcock%2C_Lock_%26_Whitfield_woodburytype%2C_1876-84.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="1755" /></a><figcaption>Sir Rutherford Alcock</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sir John Rutherford Alcock</b>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">KCB</a> (25 May 1809<sup id="cite_ref-baptism_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baptism-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 2 November 1897) was the first British diplomatic representative to live in Japan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcock was born in <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s" title="St James's">St James's</a>, Middlesex,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of the physician, Dr. Thomas Alcock, who practised at <a href="/wiki/Ealing" title="Ealing">Ealing</a>, near London, and his wife, Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baptism_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baptism-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As he grew up, Alcock followed his father into the medical profession. In 1836, he became a surgeon in the marine brigade which took part in the <a href="/wiki/Carlist_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlist War">Carlist War</a> in Spain, gaining distinction through his services. Alcock was made deputy inspector-general of hospitals. He retired from this service in 1837. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_in_China">Service in China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service in China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1844, he was appointed consul at <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> in China, where, after a short official stay at Amoy, he performed the functions, as he expressed it, "of everything from a lord chancellor to a sheriff's officer." Fuchow was one of the ports opened to trade by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">Treaty of Nanking</a>, and Alcock had to perform an entirely new role with regard to the Chinese authorities. He served there for 18 months, arriving in March 1845 (his wife followed shortly after, when appropriate accommodation was found, and his sister in law Emma S. Bacon, and mother in law, Mrs. Bacon, arrived one year later).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was able to work on restoring peace and order and in doing so, he earned a promotion to the consulate at Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alcock, along with his wife, Henrietta, sister-in-law, and mother-in-law, moved to Shanghai in the fall of 1846, where they were part of a burgeoning community of expats, merchants and missionaries from England, France, and North America.<sup id="cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnb.ca-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcock made it a special part of his duties to superintend the established Chinese government and lay out the British settlement, which had developed into such an important feature of British commercial life in China. This included initially hosting a small church in his home, which his sister in law described as "...an immense rambling Chinese House containing fifty two Rooms / surrounded by courtyards, and divided by Galleries and Passages in all directions".<sup id="cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnb.ca-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1847 it was, however, decided to apply to the Church Missionary Society for a Clergyman and to plan and build a church on land donated by a merchant, and it appears that Rutherford was heavily involved in this initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnb.ca-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emma S. Bacon, Alcock's sister-in-law, wrote in April 1847, that the consulate was about two miles from Alcock's house and was to be built on ground "...by the River Side appropriated to the English...but as it is not yet commenced, it is uncertain when we shall inhabit it + but on the site appropriated for the Building Rutherford has at present Offices and a pretty sitting Room for our use, opening into a garden very nicely arranged...".<sup id="cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnb.ca-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1853 Alcock's wife, Henrietta died (March), and the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiping rebellion">Taiping rebellion</a> reached Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was besieged and attacked until February 1855 when the rebels were starved and burned out of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcock remained in Shanghai until April of that year to restore peace and order, and then moved on to the Consulate in Canton, the original seat of much unrest in the 1840s. He was stationed in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a> for 1 year and then took a furlough to return home to England in October 1856, just before tensions once again ignited in Canton.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_in_Japan_(1858–64)"><span id="Service_in_Japan_.281858.E2.80.9364.29"></span>Service in Japan (1858–64)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Service in Japan (1858–64)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TozenjiBeato1860s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/TozenjiBeato1860s.JPG/220px-TozenjiBeato1860s.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/TozenjiBeato1860s.JPG/330px-TozenjiBeato1860s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/TozenjiBeato1860s.JPG/440px-TozenjiBeato1860s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Rutherford Alcock located the British legation in Tokyo from 1859 in <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dzen-ji" title="Tōzen-ji">Tōzen-ji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AttackOfTheBritishLegationWigman.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/AttackOfTheBritishLegationWigman.JPG/220px-AttackOfTheBritishLegationWigman.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/AttackOfTheBritishLegationWigman.JPG/330px-AttackOfTheBritishLegationWigman.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/AttackOfTheBritishLegationWigman.JPG/440px-AttackOfTheBritishLegationWigman.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>Attack on the British legation in Tōzen-ji on 5 July 1861.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BritishLegationAttack1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BritishLegationAttack1861.jpg/220px-BritishLegationAttack1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BritishLegationAttack1861.jpg/330px-BritishLegationAttack1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BritishLegationAttack1861.jpg/440px-BritishLegationAttack1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1604" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Attack of the British legation in <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dzen-ji" title="Tōzen-ji">Tōzen-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a>, in 1861.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1858, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Consul-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Consul-General">Consul-General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister Plenipotentiary">Minister Plenipotentiary</a> in Japan, and remained in that position until 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcock played an important political role in Japan in the 1850s and 1860s, alongside fellow Western diplomats <a href="/wiki/Dirk_de_Graeff_van_Polsbroek" title="Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek">Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris" title="Townsend Harris">Townsend Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Brandt" title="Max von Brandt">Max von Brandt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Duchesne_de_Bellecourt" title="Gustave Duchesne de Bellecourt">Gustave Duchesne, Prince de Bellecourt</a>. Although these men were bound by personal friendship, national rivalries and differences in dealing with the Japanese led to conflict and antagonism. However, the chaotic and ungovernable circumstances of the first few years forced them to cooperate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alcock opened the second British <a href="/wiki/Legation" title="Legation">legation</a> in Japan within the grounds of <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dzen-ji" title="Tōzen-ji">Tōzen-ji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Takanawa" title="Takanawa">Takanawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a> (now Tokyo), the first being at Hiogo (<a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>), under Sir <a href="/wiki/Harry_Smith_Parkes" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Smith Parkes">Harry Parkes</a> and the vice-consul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Gerard_Myberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Gerard Myberg (page does not exist)">Frank Gerard Myberg</a> (also known as Francis Gerard Mijburg and Frans Gerard Mijberg, died 18 January 1868 buried at Kobe). He saw </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"peace, plenty, apparent content, and a country more perfectly cultivated and kept, with more ornamental timber everywhere, than can be matched even in England", Sir Rutherford Alcock, 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In those days, foreign residents in Japan faced some danger, with noticeable Japanese hostility to foreigners (<i><a href="/wiki/Sonn%C5%8D_j%C5%8Di" title="Sonnō jōi">sonnō jōi</a></i>). In 1860, Alcock's native interpreter was murdered at the gate of the legation, and in the following year the legation was stormed by a group of <a href="/wiki/Ronin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronin">ronin</a> from the fiefdom of <a href="/wiki/Mito_Domain" title="Mito Domain">Mito-han</a>, whose attack was repulsed by Alcock and his staff. </p><p>In September 1860 he became the first non-Japanese to climb <a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From March 1862 to March 1864, Alcock was on leave in England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_in_China_(1865–69)"><span id="Service_in_China_.281865.E2.80.9369.29"></span>Service in China (1865–69)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Service in China (1865–69)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after these events he returned to England on leave in March 1862, and was replaced in Japan by <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Neale" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel Neale">Colonel Neale</a>. Alcock had already been made a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Companion of the Bath</a> (CB) (1860).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1862 he was made a Knight Commander of the same order (KCB),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1863 received an honorary Doctorate of Laws from Oxford University. </p><p>In 1864, he returned to Japan, and after a year's further residence he was transferred to Peking, where he represented the British government until 1869, when he retired. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RutherfordAlcockGrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/RutherfordAlcockGrave.jpg/220px-RutherfordAlcockGrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/RutherfordAlcockGrave.jpg/330px-RutherfordAlcockGrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/RutherfordAlcockGrave.jpg/440px-RutherfordAlcockGrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The grave of Rutherford Alcock at St Katharine's, <a href="/wiki/Merstham" title="Merstham">Merstham</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although no longer in official life, he remained active. He was for some years president of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>, and he served on many commissions. The official Japanese section at the <a href="/wiki/1862_International_Exhibition" title="1862 International Exhibition">1862 International Exhibition</a> in London was prepared by Sir Rutherford and included his own collection. This is considered one of the most important events in the history of Japanese art in the West and a founding date for English <a href="/wiki/Japonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonism">Japonism</a> in the decorative arts, the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a>. From 1882-93 he was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/British_North_Borneo_Chartered_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British North Borneo Chartered Company">British North Borneo Chartered Company</a>. </p><p>He was twice married, first in May 1841 to Henrietta Mary Bacon (daughter of Charles Bacon), who died in 1853, and second (on 8 July 1862) to Lucy Lowder (née Windsor) widow of the Rev. John Lowder. Lucy died on 13 March 1899. </p><p>Alcock was the author of several works, and was one of the first to awaken in England an interest in Japanese art. He tried hard to learn the language and even wrote a textbook. His best-known book is <i>The Capital of the Tycoon</i> [= <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shogun</a>], which appeared in 1863, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Mikado</a>'s Seat was at <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>. He died in London on 2 November 1897, and is buried adjacent to Sir <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Pelly" title="Lewis Pelly"> Lewis Pelly</a> in St Katharine's Churchyard at <a href="/wiki/Merstham" title="Merstham">Merstham</a> in Surrey. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Rutherford Alcock, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>/<a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> encompasses roughly 70+ works in 100+ publications in 5 languages and 1,000+ library holdings.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Special:EditPage/Rutherford Alcock">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <ul><li><i>Notes on the Medical History and Statistics of the British Legion of Spain; Comprising the Results of Gunshot Wounds, in Relation to Important Questions in Surgery</i> (1838)</li> <li><i>Life's Problems: Essays; Moral, Social, and Psychological</i> (1857)</li> <li><i>Elements of Japanese Grammar, for the Use of Beginners</i> (1861)</li> <li><i>Catalogue of Works of Industry and Art, Sent from Japan by Rutherford Alcock</i> (1862)</li> <li><i>The Capital of the Tycoon: a Narrative of a Three Years' Residence in Japan</i> (1863), a volume of memoirs covering his service in Japan, but only until March 1862 though he remained in that post until 1865.</li> <li><i>Correspondence with Sir Rutherford Alcock Respecting Missionaries at Hankow, and State of Affairs at Various Ports in China</i> (1869)</li> <li><i>Despatch from Sir Rutherford Alcock Respecting a Supplementary Convention to the Treaty of Tien-Tsin, Signed by Him on October 23, 1869 by China</i> (1870)</li> <li><i>Chinese Statesmen and State Papers</i> (1871)</li> <li><i>Art and Art Industries in Japan</i> (1878)</li> <li><i>Handbook of British North Borneo: Compiled from Reports Received from Governor Treacher and from other Officers in the British North Borneo Company's Service by Colonial and Indian Exhibition</i> (1886)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Japan">List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Westerners_who_visited_Japan_before_1868" title="List of Westerners who visited Japan before 1868">List of Westerners who visited Japan before 1868</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-baptism-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baptism_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baptism_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>London, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538–1812</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>1891 England Census</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archive_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMichie2017" class="citation web cs1">Michie, Alexander (24 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishmaninchin01michuoft">"The Englishman in China during the Victorian era : as illustrated in the career of Sir Rutherford Alcock"</a>. Edinburgh : W. Blackwood – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Englishman+in+China+during+the+Victorian+era+%3A+as+illustrated+in+the+career+of+Sir+Rutherford+Alcock&rft.pub=Edinburgh+%3A+W.+Blackwood&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft.aulast=Michie&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishmaninchin01michuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutherford+Alcock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Englishman in China during the Victorian era : as illustrated in the career of Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B., D.C.L., many years consul and minister in China and Japan by Alexander Michie. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnb.ca-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnb.ca_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.gnb.ca">"Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Joan Burchill fonds: MC4045-MS11-C"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provincial+Archives+of+New+Brunswick%2C+Joan+Burchill+fonds%3A+MC4045-MS11-C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gnb.ca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutherford+Alcock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first British Ambassador to Japan was appointed in 1905. Before 1905, the senior British diplomat had different titles: (a) <a href="/wiki/Consul-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Consul-General">Consul-General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Envoy_Extraordinary_and_Minister_Plenipotentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary">Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary</a>, which is a rank just below Ambassador.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oo9ECgAAQBAJ&q=Eulenburg+de+Graeff+van+Polsbroek">Consuls and the Institutions of Global Capitalism, 1783–1914; by Ferry de Goey, p 75 (2015)</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perrin, Noel. (1979). <i>Giving Up the Gun,</i> p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcock1863" class="citation book cs1">Alcock, Sir Rutherford (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon"><i>The Capital of the Tycoon: A Narrative of a Three Years' Residence in Japan</i></a>. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green. p. 426.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Capital+of+the+Tycoon%3A+A+Narrative+of+a+Three+Years%27+Residence+in+Japan&rft.pages=426&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Green%2C+Longman%2C+Roberts+%26+Green&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Alcock&rft.aufirst=Sir+Rutherford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79QMAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dalcock%2BTycoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutherford+Alcock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette22456" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/22456/page/4919">"No. 22456"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 4 December 1860. p. 4919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+22456&rft.pages=4919&rft.date=1860-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F22456%2Fpage%2F4919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutherford+Alcock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette22636" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/22636/page/3151">"No. 22636"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 20 June 1862. p. 3151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+22636&rft.pages=3151&rft.date=1862-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F22636%2Fpage%2F3151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutherford+Alcock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/identities/default.htm">"WorldCat Identities"</a>. <i>www.oclc.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oclc.org&rft.atitle=WorldCat+Identities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fresearch%2Factivities%2Fidentities%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutherford+Alcock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cortazzi" title="Hugh Cortazzi">Cortazzi, Hugh</a> 1994, 'Sir Rutherford Alcock, the first British minister to Japan 1859-1864: a reassessment', <i>Transactions of the <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Japan" title="Asiatic Society of Japan">Asiatic Society of Japan</a></i> (4th series) 9: pp. 1–42.</li> <li>Michie, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/44548/44548-h/44548-h.htm"><i>The Englishman in China During the Victorian Era: As Illustrated in the Career of Sir Rutherford Alcock.</i></a> 2 vols. Edinburgh, London: W. Blackwood & sons, 1900.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cortazzi" title="Hugh Cortazzi">Hugh Cortazzi</a>. (2004). <i>British Envoys in Japan 1859-1972.</i> Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781901903515" title="Special:BookSources/9781901903515">9781901903515</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/249167170">OCLC 249167170</a></li> <li>Perrin, Noel (1979). <i>Giving up the gun</i>. Boston: David R. Godine. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87923-773-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87923-773-2">0-87923-773-2</a>.</li> <li>Denney, John. <i>Respect and Consideration: Britain in Japan 1853 - 1868 and beyond</i>. Radiance Press (2011). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9568798-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9568798-0-6">978-0-9568798-0-6</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Alcock,_Sir_Rutherford" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alcock, Sir Rutherford">Alcock, Sir Rutherford</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alcock%2C+Sir+Rutherford&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARutherford+Alcock" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherford_Alcock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Rutherford_Alcock" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Rutherford Alcock">Rutherford Alcock</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li>UK in Japan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukinjapan.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/our-embassy/our-ambassador/previous-ambassadors">Chronology of Heads of Mission</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">F. J. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Murray_(British_Army_officer)" title="George Murray (British Army officer)">George Murray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barrow,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet">John Barrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Richard_Hamilton" title="William Richard Hamilton">William R. Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellas_Greenough" title="George Bellas Greenough">George Greenough</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbot,_2nd_Baron_Colchester" title="Charles Abbot, 2nd Baron Colchester">Charles Abbot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(geologist)" title="William Hamilton (geologist)">William J. Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smyth" title="William Henry Smyth">William Smyth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Egerton,_1st_Earl_of_Ellesmere" title="Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere">Francis Egerton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Frederick Beechey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bingham_Baring,_2nd_Baron_Ashburton" title="Bingham Baring, 2nd Baron Ashburton">Bingham Baring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet">Henry Rawlinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bartle_Frere" title="Henry Bartle Frere">Henry Frere</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rutherford Alcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baring,_1st_Earl_of_Northbrook" title="Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook">Thomas Baring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bruce,_1st_Baron_Aberdare" title="Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare">Henry Bruce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_9th_Duke_of_Argyll" title="John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll">John Campbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strachey" title="Richard Strachey">Richard Strachey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M._E._Grant_Duff" title="M. E. Grant Duff">M. E. Grant Duff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Clements Markham</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/85px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/128px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/170px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="1141" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Taubman_Goldie" title="George Taubman Goldie">George Goldie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Darwin" title="Leonard Darwin">Leonard Darwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">George Curzon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Freshfield" title="Douglas Freshfield">Douglas Freshfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holdich" title="Thomas Holdich">Thomas Holdich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Younghusband" title="Francis Younghusband">Francis Younghusband</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dundas,_2nd_Marquess_of_Zetland" title="Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland">Lawrence Dundas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_George_Hogarth" title="David George Hogarth">David George Hogarth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Close" title="Charles Close">Charles Close</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Goodenough" title="William Goodenough">William Goodenough</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Cox" title="Percy Cox">Percy Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Balfour" title="Henry Balfour">Henry Balfour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Chetwode,_1st_Baron_Chetwode" title="Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode">Philip Chetwode</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rodd,_2nd_Baron_Rennell" title="Francis Rodd, 2nd Baron Rennell">Francis Rodd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lindsay" title="Harry Lindsay">Harry Lindsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Wordie" title="James Wordie">James Wordie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Marshall-Cornwall" title="James Marshall-Cornwall">James Marshall-Cornwall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nathan,_2nd_Baron_Nathan" title="Roger Nathan, 2nd Baron Nathan">Roger Nathan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Priestley" title="Raymond Priestley">Raymond Priestley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Stamp" title="Dudley Stamp">Dudley Stamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Laithwaite" title="Gilbert Laithwaite">Gilbert Laithwaite</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_George_Irving" title="Edmund George Irving">Edmund Irving</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Edward Shackleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Cumming" title="Duncan Cumming">Duncan Cumming</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt" title="John Hunt, Baron Hunt">John Hunt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_John_Wise" title="Michael John Wise">Michael John Wise</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">Vivian Fuchs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bishop_(civil_servant)" title="George Bishop (civil servant)">George Bishop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Chorley,_2nd_Baron_Chorley" title="Roger Chorley, 2nd Baron Chorley">Roger Chorley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Tickell" title="Crispin Tickell">Crispin Tickell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Jellicoe,_2nd_Earl_Jellicoe" title="George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe">George Jellicoe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Palmer,_4th_Earl_of_Selborne" title="John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne">John Palmer</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Cooke" title="Ron Cooke">Ron Cooke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Cossons" title="Neil Cossons">Neil Cossons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Conway" title="Gordon Conway">Gordon Conway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Rees" title="Judith Rees">Judith Rees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Crane" title="Nicholas Crane">Nicholas Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Chalker" title="Lynda Chalker">Lynda Chalker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Clifford" title="Nigel Clifford">Nigel Clifford</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939063#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939063#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939063#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12472907X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81079947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153512842">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153512842">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00519487">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35002753">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0074677&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1508105">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072358475">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277276505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060984475406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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