CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Roundup (police action) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"79c32c3d-1592-4673-8a6a-bf57c6b1b132","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Roundup_(police_action)","wgTitle":"Roundup (police action)","wgCurRevisionId":1264377770,"wgRevisionId":1264377770,"wgArticleId":67739257,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: unfit URL","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from August 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from May 2021","All articles needing additional references","History articles needing translation from French Wikipedia", "Articles with multiple maintenance issues","Use dmy dates from May 2021","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 interwiki-linked names","Criminal justice","Political repression","Genocide","Military operations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Roundup_(police_action)","wgRelevantArticleId":67739257,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q29530429","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg/1200px-Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg/800px-Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg/640px-Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Roundup (police action) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Roundup_police_action rootpage-Roundup_police_action skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Roundup+%28police+action%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Roundup+%28police+action%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Roundup+%28police+action%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Roundup+%28police+action%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Roma_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roma_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Roma in Europe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roma_in_Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Roma in Europe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Roma_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spanish_Monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Spanish Monarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle World War II subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bialystok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bialystok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Bialystok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bialystok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambodia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambodia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cambodia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambodia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Immigrants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Immigrants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Immigrants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Immigrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roundup (police action)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle" title="Rafle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rafle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrellamento" title="Rastrellamento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rastrellamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29530429#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Roundup_(police_action)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Roundup_(police_action)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Roundup_(police_action)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&oldid=1264377770" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Roundup_%28police_action%29&id=1264377770&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoundup_%28police_action%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoundup_%28police_action%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Roundup_%28police_action%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29530429" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mass arrest / detainment targeting a group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the police / military action. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Roundup_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Roundup (disambiguation)">Roundup</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Roundup_(police_action)" title="Special:EditPage/Roundup (police action)">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Roundup_(police_action)" title="Talk:Roundup (police action)">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Roundup_(police_action)" title="Special:EditPage/Roundup (police action)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Roundup%22+police+action">"Roundup" police action</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Roundup%22+police+action+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Roundup%22+police+action&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Roundup%22+police+action+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Roundup%22+police+action">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Roundup%22+police+action&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antis%C3%A9mitisme_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Antisémitisme en France">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(May 2021)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntis%C3%A9mitisme_en_France&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Antisémitisme en France]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Antisémitisme en France}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Roundup_(police_action)" title="Talk:Roundup (police action)">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg/220px-Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg/330px-Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg/440px-Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Round up of Jews by the Nazi occupiers in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> in February 1941.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>roundup</b> is a police / military operation of interpellation and arrest of people taken at random from a public place, or targeting a particular population by ethnicity, appearance, or other perceived membership in a targeted group. To ensure operational success, organizers rely on the element of surprise in order to reduce the risk of evasion as much as possible. When the operation involves large numbers of individuals not targeted for any perceived group membership, it may be called a <a href="/wiki/Mass_arrest" title="Mass arrest">mass arrest</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roma_in_Europe">Roma in Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roma in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Monarchy">Spanish Monarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spanish Monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_Gypsy_Round-up" title="Great Gypsy Round-up">Great Gypsy Round-up</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Gypsy_Round-up" title="Great Gypsy Round-up">Great Gypsy Round-up</a> was a raid authorized and organized by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Monarchy">Spanish Monarchy</a> that led to the arrest of all gypsies (<a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Romani</a>) in the region, and their imprisonment in <a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">labor camps</a>. The raid was approved by King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI of Spain</a>, was organized by the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Ensenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis of Ensenada">Marquis of Ensenada</a>, and was set in motion simultaneously across Spain on 30 July 1749.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information (in French): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convoys_of_the_deportation_of_Jews_from_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convoys of the deportation of Jews from Belgium (page does not exist)">Convoys of the deportation of Jews from Belgium</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convois_de_la_d%C3%A9portation_des_Juifs_de_Belgique" class="extiw" title="fr:Convois de la déportation des Juifs de Belgique">fr</a>]</sup></div> <p>The Jewish population of Belgium was rounded up four times during the Second World War. The first two roundups took place on 15 and 28 August 1942 in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinberg2004268_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg2004268-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the command of SS NCO <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Holm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Holm (page does not exist)">Erich Holm</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Holm" class="extiw" title="nl:Erich Holm">nl</a>]</span>. They were conducted by <a href="/wiki/Feldgendarmerie" title="Feldgendarmerie">feldgendarmes</a>, German and Flemish SS officers, and Belgian police.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinberg2004268_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg2004268-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third roundup took place on 11 September 1942. In Brussels, the situation was different and the mayor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Coelst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Coelst (page does not exist)">Jules Coelst</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Coelst" class="extiw" title="fr:Jules Coelst">fr</a>]</span>, who had already opposed the Germans on the issue of the compulsory wearing of the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow badge</a>, an order that he refused to enforce, arguing that there was a lack of manpower so that his police would not be involved in the roundups. A single nighttime roundup took place in Brussels on 3 September 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAronGotovitch2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAronGotovitch2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a> each also had a single roundup in August and September 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoethem2006117_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoethem2006117-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the implementation of the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a>, the Gestapo rounded up Jews in Germany and forced them into confined ghettos, while seizing their homes and possessions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel' d'Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv Roundup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_ticket_roundup" title="Green ticket roundup">Green ticket roundup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marseille_roundup" title="Marseille roundup">Marseille roundup</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy French</a> police carried out numerous roundups (<i>rafles</i>) of Jews during World War II, including the <a href="/wiki/Green_ticket_roundup" title="Green ticket roundup">Green ticket roundup</a> in May 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the round-up in the 11th arrondissement of Paris in August 1941 in which 4,200 persons were arrested and interned at Drancy,<sup id="cite_ref-Ramsey-2021_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramsey-2021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the massive <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_d%27Hiver_round-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélodrome d'Hiver round-up">Vélodrome d'Hiver round-up</a> in 1942 in which over 13,000 Jews were arrested,<sup id="cite_ref-Ramsey-2021_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramsey-2021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AIDH_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIDH-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YadVashemHIF_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YadVashemHIF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rafle of <a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (25 November 1943),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Marseille_roundup" title="Marseille roundup">roundup in the Old Port of Marseille</a> in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all of those arrested were deported to Auschwitz or other death camps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C5%81apanka" title="Łapanka">Łapanka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lapanka_zoliborz_warszawa_Polska_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lapanka_zoliborz_warszawa_Polska_1941.jpg/220px-Lapanka_zoliborz_warszawa_Polska_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lapanka_zoliborz_warszawa_Polska_1941.jpg/330px-Lapanka_zoliborz_warszawa_Polska_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lapanka_zoliborz_warszawa_Polska_1941.jpg/440px-Lapanka_zoliborz_warszawa_Polska_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3515" data-file-height="2484" /></a><figcaption>1941 roundup in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>'s <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBoliborz" title="Żoliborz">Żoliborz</a> district</figcaption></figure> <p>In Poland, German <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> teams rounded up civilians on the streets of Polish cities. Those arrested were in most cases chosen at random from among passers-by or inhabitants of city quarters surrounded by German forces prior to the action.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known as a <i>łapanka</i>, the term usually refers to the action of rounding up and arresting a number of random people. Those caught in a <i>łapanka</i> were either taken hostage, arrested, sent to labor camps or concentration camps, or summarily executed. </p><p>Those caught in roundups were most often sent to <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">slave labour in Nazi Germany</a>, but some were also taken as hostages or executed in reprisal actions; imprisoned and sent to concentration camps or summarily executed in numerous <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic-cleansing</a> operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Bartoszewski-303_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartoszewski-303-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bialystok">Bialystok</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bialystok"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bialystok_ghetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Bialystok ghetto">Bialystok ghetto</a></div> <p>In February 1943, 10,000 Jews from the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto" title="Białystok Ghetto">Białystok Ghetto</a> were <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto#Further_deportations_and_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto">rounded up</a> and sent aboard Holocaust trains to their deaths at the Treblinka extermination camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Datner_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Datner-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cambodia">Cambodia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cambodia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></div> <p>The state of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cambodians" title="Chinese Cambodians">Chinese Cambodians</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> regime was alleged to be "the worst disaster ever to befall any ethnic Chinese community in Southeast Asia."<sup id="cite_ref-specter_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-specter-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham</a>, Chinese and <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> families were rounded up in 1978 and told that they were to be resettled, but were actually executed.<sup id="cite_ref-rpg_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpg-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the Khmer Rouge regime in 1975, there were 425,000 ethnic Chinese in Cambodia; by the end of 1979 there were just 200,000 stuck at Thai refugee camps or Cambodia. 170,000 Chinese fled Cambodia to Vietnam while others were repatriated.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immigrants">Immigrants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Immigrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium_2">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a>, Maximilian Park in Brussels became a <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp" title="Refugee camp">refugee camp</a>, a meeting place for migrants, volunteers and associations<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigaré2015_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigaré2015-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Caritas_International_Belgium''2015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Caritas_International_Belgium''2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2017, the citizen platform of support for refugees denounced raids which had been organized in May and June.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoisel2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoisel2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also the case of Le Ciré, a non-profit association created in 1954 whose goal is to allow refugees and foreigners to learn about the economic, social, and cultural life of the country in order to facilitate their integration in Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Conseil_bruxellois_de_Coordination_sociale''2021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Conseil_bruxellois_de_Coordination_sociale''2021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous accounts report recurrent raids, during which numerous irregularities were noted, such as the unwarranted use of force on weak and/or elderly migrants as well as on volunteer citizens<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGhyselings2017_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhyselings2017-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to several hundred complaints being filed with <a href="/wiki/Committee_P" title="Committee P">Committee P</a>, the police oversight committee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2021_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2021-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chandler_roundup" title="Chandler roundup">Chandler roundup</a></div> <p>In 1997, local police and U.S. federal authorities patrolled the streets of <a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a> and stopped hundreds of suspected <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic people">Hispanic people</a> based on their physical appearance, demanded proof of citizenship, and arrested those who could not provide it. A total of 432 illegal immigrants were arrested in Chandler and later deported.<sup id="cite_ref-evt06_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evt06-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gay_purges_in_Chechnya" title="Anti-gay purges in Chechnya">Anti-gay purges in Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executions_of_Kokkinia" title="Executions of Kokkinia">Executions of Kokkinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Italy" title="The Holocaust in Italy">The Holocaust in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Internment of Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_ghettos_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="List of Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland">List of Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Nazi ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">Operation Wetback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_raid_on_the_Roman_ghetto" title="Pope Pius XII and the raid on the Roman ghetto">Pope Pius XII and the raid on the Roman ghetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_of_the_Ghetto_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Raid of the Ghetto of Rome">Raid of the Ghetto of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Sainte-Catherine_Roundup" title="Rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup">Rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2014" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Becky (2014). <i>Another Darkness Another Dawn</i>. London UK: Reaktion Books Ltd. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-257-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-257-7"><bdi>978-1-78023-257-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Another+Darkness+Another+Dawn&rft.place=London+UK&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78023-257-7&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Becky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg2004268-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinberg2004268_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinberg2004268_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteinberg2004">Steinberg 2004</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAronGotovitch2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAronGotovitch2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAronGotovitch2008">Aron & Gotovitch 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoethem2006117-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoethem2006117_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoethem2006">Goethem 2006</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiamant1977">Diamant 1977</a>, p. 22, as quoted in <a href="#CITEREFZuccotti1999">Zuccotti 1999</a>, pp. 146–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiamant1977">Diamant 1977</a>, as quoted in <a href="#CITEREFRosenberg2018">Rosenberg 2018</a>, p. 297</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramsey-2021-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramsey-2021_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramsey-2021_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsey2021" class="citation book cs1">Ramsey, Winston (2021) [2016]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQxyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216"><i>The Nazi Death Camps: Then And Now</i></a>. After the Battle. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781870067898" title="Special:BookSources/9781870067898"><bdi>9781870067898</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1371288157">1371288157</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nazi+Death+Camps%3A+Then+And+Now&rft.pub=After+the+Battle&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1371288157&rft.isbn=9781870067898&rft.aulast=Ramsey&rft.aufirst=Winston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQxyEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AIDH-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AIDH_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703235953/http://www.aidh.org/Racisme/shoah/rafle/espoir01.pdf">"Pourquoi le rafle n'a pas ateint son objectif"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AIDH.org</i>. p. 52. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AIDH.org&rft.atitle=Pourquoi+le+rafle+n%27a+pas+ateint+son+objectif&rft.pages=52&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aidh.org%2FRacisme%2Fshoah%2Frafle%2Fespoir01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YadVashemHIF-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YadVashemHIF_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/france/vel_dhiv_roundup.asp">"The Vel' d'Hiv Roundup"</a>. <i>The Holocaust in France</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Holocaust+in+France&rft.atitle=The+Vel%27+d%27Hiv+Roundup&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yadvashem.org%2Fyv%2Fen%2Fholocaust%2Ffrance%2Fvel_dhiv_roundup.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wikimedia Foundation, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle_de_Clermont-Ferrand_(25_novembre_1943)" class="extiw" title="fr:Rafle de Clermont-Ferrand (25 novembre 1943)">Rafle de Clermont-Ferrand (25 novembre 1943)</a> (<i>in French</i>), accessed 6 February 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rajsfus" title="Maurice Rajsfus">Maurice Rajsfus</a>, <i>La Police de Vichy. Les Forces de l'ordre françaises au service de la Gestapo, 1940/1944</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Cherche-midi_%C3%A9diteur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Cherche-midi éditeur (page does not exist)">Le Cherche-midi éditeur</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cherche-midi" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Cherche-midi">fr</a>]</span>, 1995. Chapter XIV, <i>La Bataille de Marseille</i>, pp. 209–217. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ron Jeffery, "Red Runs the Vistula", Nevron Associates Publ., Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartoszewski-303-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bartoszewski-303_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Bartoszewski" title="Władysław Bartoszewski">Władysław Bartoszewski</a>, <i>1859 dni Warszawy</i> (1859 Days of Warsaw), pp. 303-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Datner-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Datner_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Szymon_Datner" title="Szymon Datner">Szymon Datner</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zchor.org/bialystok/testimony.htm">The Fight and the Destruction of Ghetto Białystok.</a> December 1945. Kiryat Białystok, Yehud.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-specter-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-specter_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGellatelyKiernan2003" class="citation book cs1">Gellately, Robert; Kiernan, Ben (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/specterofgenocid00robe"><i>The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/specterofgenocid00robe/page/313">313</a>–314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Specter+of+Genocide%3A+Mass+Murder+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.pages=313-314&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Gellately&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Kiernan%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspecterofgenocid00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpg-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rpg_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiernan2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kiernan" title="Ben Kiernan">Kiernan, Ben</a> (2008). <i>The Pol Pot regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 431.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pol+Pot+regime%3A+Race%2C+Power%2C+and+Genocide+in+Cambodia+under+the+Khmer+Rouge&rft.pages=431&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanHainesLee2014" class="citation book cs1">Chan, Yuk Wah; Haines, David; Lee, Jonathan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-ExBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244"><i>The Age of Asian Migration: Continuity, Diversity, and Susceptibility Volume 1</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6569-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6569-2"><bdi>978-1-4438-6569-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Asian+Migration%3A+Continuity%2C+Diversity%2C+and+Susceptibility+Volume+1&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-6569-2&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Yuk+Wah&rft.au=Haines%2C+David&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7-ExBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2017-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2017_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRTBF_Info2017"><i>RTBF Info</i> 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigaré2015-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigaré2015_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBigaré2015">Bigaré 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Caritas_International_Belgium''2015-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Caritas_International_Belgium''2015_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaritas_International_Belgium2015"><i>Caritas International Belgium</i> 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoisel2017-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoisel2017_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoisel2017">Loisel 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Conseil_bruxellois_de_Coordination_sociale''2021-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Conseil_bruxellois_de_Coordination_sociale''2021_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConseil_bruxellois_de_Coordination_sociale2021"><i>Conseil bruxellois de Coordination sociale</i> 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhyselings2017-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGhyselings2017_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGhyselings2017">Ghyselings 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2021-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''RTBF_Info''2021_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRTBF_Info2021"><i>RTBF Info</i> 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evt06-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evt06_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/story/76581">"Roundup scars are slow to heal"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/East_Valley_Tribune" title="East Valley Tribune">East Valley Tribune</a></i>, 15 October 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+Valley+Tribune&rft.atitle=Roundup+scars+are+slow+to+heal&rft.date=2006-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastvalleytribune.com%2Fstory%2F76581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBigaré2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bigaré, Aurélie (1 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gvhv-mplp.be/index.php/fr/12-nieuws-nouvelles/441-une-journee-avec-medecins-du-monde-mdm-au-camp-de-refugies-du-parc-maximilien-a-bruxelles">"Une journée avec Médecins du Monde (MdM) au camp de réfugiés du parc Maximilien à Bruxelles"</a> [A day with Médecins du Monde (MdM) at the Maximilian Park refugee camp in Brussels]. <i>Médecine pour le Peuple</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9decine+pour+le+Peuple&rft.atitle=Une+journ%C3%A9e+avec+M%C3%A9decins+du+Monde+%28MdM%29+au+camp+de+r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s+du+parc+Maximilien+%C3%A0+Bruxelles&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.aulast=Bigar%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Aur%C3%A9lie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gvhv-mplp.be%2Findex.php%2Ffr%2F12-nieuws-nouvelles%2F441-une-journee-avec-medecins-du-monde-mdm-au-camp-de-refugies-du-parc-maximilien-a-bruxelles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaritas_International_Belgium2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caritasinternational.be/fr/asile-et-migration/crise-de-laccueil-en-belgique-mais-qui-sont-ces-migrants/">"Crise de l'accueil en Belgique: Mais qui sont ces migrants?"</a> [Belgium's reception crisis: Who are these migrants?]. <i>Caritas International Belgium</i> (in French). 31 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caritas+International+Belgium&rft.atitle=Crise+de+l%27accueil+en+Belgique%3A+Mais+qui+sont+ces+migrants%3F&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caritasinternational.be%2Ffr%2Fasile-et-migration%2Fcrise-de-laccueil-en-belgique-mais-qui-sont-ces-migrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamant1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Diamant, David (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QwsjAAAAMAAJ"><i>Le billet vert: la vie et la résistance à Pithiviers et Beaune-la-Rolande, camps pour juifs, camps pour chrétiens, camps pour patriotes</i></a> [<i>The green ticket: life and resistance in Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande, camps for Jews, camps for Christians, camps for patriots</i>] (in French). Éditions Renouveau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+billet+vert%3A+la+vie+et+la+r%C3%A9sistance+%C3%A0+Pithiviers+et+Beaune-la-Rolande%2C+camps+pour+juifs%2C+camps+pour+chr%C3%A9tiens%2C+camps+pour+patriotes&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Renouveau&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Diamant&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQwsjAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoethem2006" class="citation journal cs1">Goethem, Herman Van (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cegesoma.be/docs/media/chtp_beg/chtp_17/chtp17_005_VanGoethem.pdf">"La convention de La Haye, la collaboration administrative en Belgique et la persécution des Juifs à Anvers, 1940-1942"</a> [The Hague Convention, administrative collaboration in Belgium and the persecution of Jews in Antwerp, 1940-1942] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cahiers d'Histoire du Temps présent</i> (17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+d%27Histoire+du+Temps+pr%C3%A9sent&rft.atitle=La+convention+de+La+Haye%2C+la+collaboration+administrative+en+Belgique+et+la+pers%C3%A9cution+des+Juifs+%C3%A0+Anvers%2C+1940-1942&rft.issue=17&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Goethem&rft.aufirst=Herman+Van&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cegesoma.be%2Fdocs%2Fmedia%2Fchtp_beg%2Fchtp_17%2Fchtp17_005_VanGoethem.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronGotovitch2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aron, Paul; Gotovitch, José (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yNxoAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dictionnaire de la seconde guerre mondiale en Belgique</i></a> [<i>Dictionary of the Second World War in Belgium</i>] (in French). Brussels: André Versaille. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87495-001-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87495-001-8"><bdi>978-2-87495-001-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+seconde+guerre+mondiale+en+Belgique&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pub=Andr%C3%A9+Versaille&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-2-87495-001-8&rft.aulast=Aron&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Gotovitch%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyNxoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhyselings2017" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ghyselings, Marise (16 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parismatch.be/actualites/societe/82118/rafle-au-parc-maximilien-apres-le-choc-la-solidarite-et-la-colere-des-citoyens">"Rafle au Parc Maximilien : Après le choc, la solidarité (et la colère) des citoyens"</a> [Rafle au Parc Maximilien : Après le choc, la solidarité (et la colère) des citoyens]. <i>Paris Match.be</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paris+Match.be&rft.atitle=Rafle+au+Parc+Maximilien+%3A+Apr%C3%A8s+le+choc%2C+la+solidarit%C3%A9+%28et+la+col%C3%A8re%29+des+citoyens&rft.date=2017-10-16&rft.aulast=Ghyselings&rft.aufirst=Marise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparismatch.be%2Factualites%2Fsociete%2F82118%2Frafle-au-parc-maximilien-apres-le-choc-la-solidarite-et-la-colere-des-citoyens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConseil_bruxellois_de_Coordination_sociale2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbcs.be/Migrants-et-repression-Le-Cire-denonce-des-rafles">"Migrants et répression : Le Ciré dénonce des rafles"</a> [Migrants and repression: Ciré denounces raids]. <i>Conseil bruxellois de Coordination sociale</i> (in French). 17 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conseil+bruxellois+de+Coordination+sociale&rft.atitle=Migrants+et+r%C3%A9pression+%3A+Le+Cir%C3%A9+d%C3%A9nonce+des+rafles&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbcs.be%2FMigrants-et-repression-Le-Cire-denonce-des-rafles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoisel2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Loisel, Eléonore (6 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levif.be/actualite/belgique/retour-des-migrants-au-parc-maximilien-apres-l-hiver/article-normal-689433.html">"Retour des migrants au parc Maximilien après l'hiver"</a> [Return of migrants to Maximilian Park after winter]. <i>Le Vif</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Vif&rft.atitle=Retour+des+migrants+au+parc+Maximilien+apr%C3%A8s+l%27hiver&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.aulast=Loisel&rft.aufirst=El%C3%A9onore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.levif.be%2Factualite%2Fbelgique%2Fretour-des-migrants-au-parc-maximilien-apres-l-hiver%2Farticle-normal-689433.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2018" class="citation book cs1">Rosenberg, Pnina (10 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BVxtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA297">"Yiddish Theatre in the camps of the Occupied Zone"</a>. In Dalinger, Brigitte; Zangl, Veronika (eds.). <i>Theater unter NS-Herrschaft: Theatre under Pressure</i> [<i>Theatre under NS rule: Theatre under Pressure</i>]. Theater - Film - Medien (Print) #2. Göttingen: V&R Unipress. p. 297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8470-0642-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8470-0642-8"><bdi>978-3-8470-0642-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1135506612">1135506612</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yiddish+Theatre+in+the+camps+of+the+Occupied+Zone&rft.btitle=Theater+unter+NS-Herrschaft%3A+Theatre+under+Pressure&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.series=Theater+-+Film+-+Medien+%28Print%29+%232&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=V%26R+Unipress&rft.date=2018-09-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1135506612&rft.isbn=978-3-8470-0642-8&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Pnina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBVxtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRTBF_Info2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/detail_des-centaines-de-migrants-dorment-au-parc-maximilien-a-bruxelles?id=9652972">"Des centaines de migrants dorment au parc Maximilien à Bruxelles"</a> [Hundreds of migrants sleep in Maximilian Park in Brussels]. <i>RTBF Info</i> (in French). 6 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTBF+Info&rft.atitle=Des+centaines+de+migrants+dorment+au+parc+Maximilien+%C3%A0+Bruxelles&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtbf.be%2Finfo%2Fsociete%2Fdetail_des-centaines-de-migrants-dorment-au-parc-maximilien-a-bruxelles%3Fid%3D9652972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRTBF_Info2021" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtbf.be/info/regions/bruxelles/detail_pres-de-300-citoyens-ont-depose-plainte-au-comite-p-pour-les-migrants-du-parc-maximilien?id=9774124">"Près de 300 citoyens ont déposé plainte au Comité P pour les migrants du parc Maximilien"</a> [Nearly 300 citizens filed a complaint with Committee P for the Maximilian Park migrants]. <i>RTBF Info</i> (in French). 27 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTBF+Info&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A8s+de+300+citoyens+ont+d%C3%A9pos%C3%A9+plainte+au+Comit%C3%A9+P+pour+les+migrants+du+parc+Maximilien&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtbf.be%2Finfo%2Fregions%2Fbruxelles%2Fdetail_pres-de-300-citoyens-ont-depose-plainte-au-comite-p-pour-les-migrants-du-parc-maximilien%3Fid%3D9774124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxime_Steinberg" class="extiw" title="fr:Maxime Steinberg">Steinberg, Maxime</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in French]</span> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AbK_QsZLMV0C"><i>La persécution des Juifs en Belgique (1940-1945)</i></a> [<i>The Persecution of the Jews in Belgium</i>]. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe" class="extiw" title="fr:Éditions Complexe">fr:Éditions Complexe</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8048-0026-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8048-0026-0"><bdi>978-2-8048-0026-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+pers%C3%A9cution+des+Juifs+en+Belgique+%281940-1945%29&rft.pub=%3Afr%3A%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-2-8048-0026-0&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Maxime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAbK_QsZLMV0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuccotti1999" class="citation cs2">Zuccotti, Susan (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M97m1tD272UC&pg=PA81">"5 Roundups and Deportations"</a>, <i>The Holocaust, the French, and the Jews</i>, Lincoln, Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press, p. 81, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-9914-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-9914-1"><bdi>0-8032-9914-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5+Roundups+and+Deportations&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust%2C+the+French%2C+and+the+Jews&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+Nebraska&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8032-9914-1&rft.aulast=Zuccotti&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM97m1tD272UC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoundup+%28police+action%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&oldid=1264377770">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&oldid=1264377770</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Criminal_justice" title="Category:Criminal justice">Criminal justice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_repression" title="Category:Political repression">Political repression</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genocide" title="Category:Genocide">Genocide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations" title="Category:Military operations">Military operations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2017">Articles with dead external links from August 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2021">Articles needing additional references from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia" title="Category:History articles needing translation from French Wikipedia">History articles needing translation from French Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2021">Use dmy dates from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names" title="Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names">CS1 interwiki-linked names</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 December 2024, at 20:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roundup_(police_action)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roundup (police action)</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>2 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-j7p6j","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.619","walltime":"0.842","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3561,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":109497,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18880,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":76404,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 767.553 1 -total"," 34.92% 268.062 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.33% 140.713 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 15.43% 118.406 9 Template:Cite_book"," 13.93% 106.925 1 Template:In_lang"," 13.15% 100.970 2 Template:Ambox"," 10.16% 77.965 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.36% 64.197 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 8.27% 63.484 11 Template:Sfn"," 6.37% 48.880 1 Template:Expand_French"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.398","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26646904,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAronGotovitch2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBigaré2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaritas_International_Belgium2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChanHainesLee2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConseil_bruxellois_de_Coordination_sociale2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamant1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGellatelyKiernan2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhyselings2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoethem2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiernan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoisel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRTBF_Info2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRTBF_Info2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamsey2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinberg2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZuccotti1999\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 6,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand French\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Further ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"Ill\"] = 3,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple issues\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 11,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-868759585b-2j6dj","timestamp":"20250214052256","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Roundup (police action)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roundup_(police_action)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q29530429","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q29530429","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-05-23T03:58:48Z","dateModified":"2024-12-21T20:03:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ab\/Razzia_feb41_amsterdam.jpg","headline":"military operation or police raid"}</script> </body> </html>