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ventilation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: non invasive ventilation"> <meta name="keywords" content="non invasive ventilation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="non invasive ventilation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1006</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: non invasive ventilation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1006</span> Factors Associated with Commencement of Non-Invasive Ventilation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Kumar%20Reddy%20Pulim">Manoj Kumar Reddy Pulim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20Muthukrishnan"> Lakshmi Muthukrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetha%20Jayapathy"> Geetha Jayapathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhika%20Raman"> Radhika Raman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: In the past two decades, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) emerged as one of the most important advances in the management of both acute and chronic respiratory failure in children. In the acute setting, it is an alternative to intubation with a goal to preserve normal physiologic functions, decrease airway injury, and prevent respiratory tract infections. There is a need to determine the clinical profile and parameters which point towards the need for NIV in the pediatric emergency setting. Objectives: i) To study the clinical profile of children who required non invasive ventilation and invasive ventilation, ii) To study the clinical parameters common to children who required non invasive ventilation. Methods: All children between one month to 18 years, who were intubated in the pediatric emergency department and those for whom decision to commence Non Invasive Ventilation was made in Emergency Room were included in the study. Children were transferred to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and started on Non Invasive Ventilation as per our hospital policy and followed up in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Clinical profile of all children which included age, gender, diagnosis and indication for intubation were documented. Clinical parameters such as respiratory rate, heart rate, saturation, grunting were documented. Parameters obtained were subject to statistical analysis. Observations: Airway disease (Bronchiolitis 25%, Viral induced wheeze 22%) was a common diagnosis in 32 children who required Non Invasive Ventilation. Neuromuscular disorder was the common diagnosis in 27 children (78%) who were Intubated. 17 children commenced on Non Invasive Ventilation who later needed invasive ventilation had Neuromuscular disease. High frequency nasal cannula was used in 32, and mask ventilation in 17 children. Clinical parameters common to the Non Invasive Ventilation group were age < 1 year (17), tachycardia n = 7 (22%), tachypnea n = 23 (72%) and severe respiratory distress n = 9 (28%), grunt n = 7 (22%), SPO2 (80% to 90%) n = 16. Children in the Non Invasive Ventilation + INTUBATION group were > 3 years (9), had tachycardia 7 (41%), tachypnea 9(53%) with a male predominance n = 9. In statistical comparison among 3 groups,'p' value was significant for pH, saturation, and use of Ionotrope. Conclusion: Invasive ventilation can be avoided in the paediatric Emergency Department in children with airway disease, by commencing Non Invasive Ventilation early. Intubation in the pediatric emergency department has a higher association with neuromuscular disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20parameters" title="clinical parameters">clinical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indications" title=" indications"> indications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20invasive%20ventilation" title=" non invasive ventilation"> non invasive ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric%20emergency%20room" title=" paediatric emergency room"> paediatric emergency room</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77078/factors-associated-with-commencement-of-non-invasive-ventilation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1005</span> Early and Mid-Term Results of Anesthetic Management of Minimal Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using One Lung Ventilation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Gupta">Devendra Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Ambesh"> S. P. Ambesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K%20Singh"> P. K Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICABG) is a less invasive method of performing surgical revascularization. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) provides many anesthetic challenges including one lung ventilation (OLV), managing myocardial ischemia, and pain. We present an early and midterm result of the use of this technique with OLV. Method: We enrolled 62 patients for analysis operated between 2008 and 2012. Patients were anesthetized and left endobronchial tube was placed. During the procedure left lung was isolated and one lung ventilation was maintained through right lung. Operation was performed utilizing off pump technique of coronary artery bypass grafting through a minimal invasive incision. Left internal mammary artery graft was done for single vessel disease and radial artery was utilized for other grafts if required. Postoperative ventilation was done with single lumen endotracheal tube. Median follow-up is 2.5 years (6 months to 4 years). Results: Median age was 58.5 years (41-77) and all were male. Single vessel disease was present in 36, double vessel in 24 and triple vessel disease in 2 patients. All the patients had normal left ventricular size and function. In 2 cases difficulty were encounter in placement of endobronchial tube. In 1 case cuff of endobronchial tube was ruptured during intubation. High airway pressure was developed on OLV in 1 case and surgery was accomplished with two lung anesthesia with low tidal volume. Mean postoperative ventilation time was 14.4 hour (11-22). There was no perioperative and 30 day mortality. Conversion to median sternotomy to complete the operation was done in 3.23% (2 out of 62 patients). One patient had acute myocardial infarction postoperatively and there were no deaths during follow-up. Conclusion: MICABG is a safe and effective method of revascularization with OLV in low risk candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIDCABG" title="MIDCABG">MIDCABG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one%20lung%20ventilation" title=" one lung ventilation"> one lung ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20artery%20bypass%20grafting" title=" coronary artery bypass grafting"> coronary artery bypass grafting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endobronchial%20tube" title=" endobronchial tube"> endobronchial tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12483/early-and-mid-term-results-of-anesthetic-management-of-minimal-invasive-coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-using-one-lung-ventilation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1004</span> Strap Tension Adjusting Device for Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Mask Fitting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshie%20Asahara">Yoshie Asahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidekuni%20Takao"> Hidekuni Takao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), a type of ventilation therapy, is a treatment in which a mask is attached to the patient's face and delivers gas into the mask to support breathing. The NPPV mask uses a strap, which is necessary to attach and secure the mask in the appropriate facial position, but the tensile strength of the strap is adjusted by the sensation of the hands. The strap uniformity and fine-tuning strap tension are judged by the skill of the operator and the amount felt by the finger. In the future, additional strap operation and adjustment methods will be required to meet the needs for reducing the burden on the patient’s face. In this study, we fabricated a mechanism that can measure, adjust and fix the tension of the straps. A small amount of strap tension can be adjusted by rotating the shaft. This makes it possible to control the slight strap tension that is difficult to grasp with the sense of the operator's hand. In addition, this mechanism allows the operator to control the strap while controlling the movement of the mask body. This leads to the establishment of a suitable mask fitting method for each patient. The developed mechanism enables the operation and fine reproducible adjustment of the strap tension and the mask balance, reducing the burden on the face. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance%20of%20the%20mask%20strap" title="balance of the mask strap">balance of the mask strap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20adjustment" title=" fine adjustment"> fine adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20sensor" title=" film sensor"> film sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mask%20fitting%20technique" title=" mask fitting technique"> mask fitting technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mask%20strap%20tension" title=" mask strap tension"> mask strap tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144719/strap-tension-adjusting-device-for-non-invasive-positive-pressure-ventilation-mask-fitting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1003</span> Development of an Aerosol Protection Capsule for Patients with COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isomar%20Lima%20da%20Silva">Isomar Lima da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aristeu%20Jonatas%20Leite%20de%20Oliveira"> Aristeu Jonatas Leite de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Maia%20Augusto"> Roberto Maia Augusto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological isolation capsules are equipment commonly used in the control and prevention of infectious diseases in the hospital environment. This type of equipment, combined with pre-established medical protocols, contributes significantly to the containment of highly transmissible pathogens such as COVID-19. Due to its hermetic isolation, it allows more excellent patient safety, protecting companions and the health team. In this context, this work presents the development, testing, and validation of a medical capsule to treat patients affected by COVID-19. To this end, requirements such as low cost and easy handling were considered to meet the demand of people infected with the virus in remote locations in the Amazon region and/or where there are no ICU beds and mechanical ventilators for orotracheal intubation. Conceived and developed in a partnership between SAMEL Planos de Saúde and Instituto Conecthus, the device entitled "Vanessa Capsule" was designed to be used together with the NIV protocol (non-invasive ventilation), has an automatic exhaust system and filters performing the CO2 exchange, in addition to having BiPaps ventilatory support equipment (mechanical fans) in the Cabin Kit. The results show that the degree of effectiveness in protecting against infection by aerosols, with the protection cabin, is satisfactory, implying the consideration of the Vanessa capsule as an auxiliary method to be evaluated by the health team. It should also be noted that the medical observation of the evaluated patients found that the treatment against the COVID-19 virus started earlier with non-invasive mechanical ventilation reduces the patient's suffering and contributes positively to their recovery, in association with isolation through the Vanessa capsule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20ventilators" title=" mechanical ventilators"> mechanical ventilators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20capsule" title=" medical capsule"> medical capsule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive%20ventilation" title=" non-invasive ventilation"> non-invasive ventilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163906/development-of-an-aerosol-protection-capsule-for-patients-with-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1002</span> CFD Simulations to Examine Natural Ventilation of a Work Area in a Public Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Shik%20Yang">An-Shik Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiang-Ho%20Cheng"> Chiang-Ho Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jen-Hao%20Wu"> Jen-Hao Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Hsuan%20Juan"> Yu-Hsuan Juan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural ventilation has played an important role for many low energy-building designs. It has been also noticed as a essential subject to persistently bring the fresh cool air from the outside into a building. This study carried out the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations to examine the natural ventilation development of a work area in a public building. The simulated results can be useful to better understand the indoor microclimate and the interaction of wind with buildings. Besides, this CFD simulation procedure can serve as an effective analysis tool to characterize the airing performance, and thereby optimize the building ventilation for strengthening the architects, planners and other decision makers on improving the natural ventilation design of public buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20simulations" title="CFD simulations">CFD simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microclimate" title=" microclimate"> microclimate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20environment" title=" wind environment"> wind environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7505/cfd-simulations-to-examine-natural-ventilation-of-a-work-area-in-a-public-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1001</span> Cross Ventilation in Waterfront Urban Canyons: The Case Study of Alexandria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakr%20Gomaa">Bakr Gomaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cross ventilation is an important and practical mean to achieve thermal comfort and conserve energy. This is especially true in the breezy waterfront settings. However, due to a number of factors, cross ventilation in buildings is usually studied by using oversimplified scenarios. It is then reasonable to study the impact of complex set of factors on the accuracy of predicting air flow rate because of wind driven cross ventilation. The objective of this paper is to provide architects with the tools necessary to achieve natural ventilation for cooling purposes in a waterfront urban canyon context. Also, urban canyons have not received much attention in terms of their impact on cross ventilation, and while we know how the wind flows between buildings in different urban canyon settings, the effect of the parallel-to-the-wind urban canyon on cross ventilation in buildings remains unclear. For this, we use detailed weather data, boundary layer correction factor, and CFD simulations to study the pressure patterns that form on the canyons surfaces in the case study of Alexandria. We found that the simplified numerical methods of calculating the cross ventilation in buildings can lead to inaccurate design decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20ventilation" title="cross ventilation">cross ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandria" title=" Alexandria"> Alexandria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20canyon" title=" urban canyon"> urban canyon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54913/cross-ventilation-in-waterfront-urban-canyons-the-case-study-of-alexandria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1000</span> The Enlightenment of the Ventilation System in Chinese Traditional Residence to Architecture Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Xingchun">Wu Xingchun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Xi"> Chen Xi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, China's building energy consumption constitutes 25% of the total energy consumption, half of which was caused by air conditioning in both summer and winter. The ventilation system in Chinese traditional residence, which is totally passive and environmentally friendly, works effectively to create comfortable indoor environment. The research on the ventilation system in Chinese traditional residence can provide advancements to architecture design and energy savings to the society. Through field investigation, case analysis, strategy proposing and other methods, it comes out that the location and layout, the structure system and the design of atrium are the most important elements for a good ventilation system. Taking every factor into consideration, techniques are deployed extensively such as the organization of draught, the design of the thermal pressure ventilation system and the application of modern materials. With the enlightenment of the ventilation system in Chinese traditional residence, we can take effective measures to achieve low energy consumption and sustainable architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation%20system" title="ventilation system">ventilation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chinese%20traditional%20residence" title=" chinese traditional residence"> chinese traditional residence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20architecture" title=" sustainable architecture"> sustainable architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30328/the-enlightenment-of-the-ventilation-system-in-chinese-traditional-residence-to-architecture-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">707</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">999</span> Natural Ventilation around and through Building: A Numerical Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kaddour">A. Kaddour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20A.%20Bekkouche"> S. M. A. Bekkouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Limiting heat losses during ventilation of indoor building spaces has become a basic aim for architects. Much experience has been gained in terms of ventilation of indoor spaces. Nevertheless, due to the complex applications, attempts to create a theoretical base for solving the problems related to the issue are limited, especially determining the minimum ventilation period required within a designated space. In this paper we have approached this matter, both theoretically and computationally. The conclusion we reached was that controlled ventilation of spaces through vent holes that successively open and close at regular time intervals can limit the excessive circulation of air masses, which in turn limits heat losses. Air change rates through open and tilted windows in rooms of residential buildings driven by atmospheric motions are investigated to evaluate natural ventilation concepts. Model of thermal building simulations is used. A separated sample storey and a sample single room in larger scales were used to measure air transport through window openings under the influence of the external pressure distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title="natural ventilation">natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20factor" title=" temperature factor"> temperature factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20change%20rates" title=" air change rates"> air change rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20circulation" title=" air circulation"> air circulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23051/natural-ventilation-around-and-through-building-a-numerical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">998</span> Prediction of CO2 Concentration in the Korea Train Express (KTX) Cabins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Il%20Lee">Yong-Il Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do-Yeon%20Hwang"> Do-Yeon Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won-Seog%20Jeong"> Won-Seog Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duckshin%20Park"> Duckshin Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, because of the high-speed trains forced ventilation, it is important to control the ventilation. The ventilation is for controlling various contaminants, temperature, and humidity. The high-speed train route is straight to a destination having a high speed. And there are many mountainous areas in Korea. So, tunnel rate is higher then other country. KTX HVAC block off the outdoor air, when entering tunnel. So the high tunnel rate is an effect of ventilation in the KTX cabin. It is important to reduction rate in CO2 concentration prediction. To meet the air quality of the public transport vehicles recommend standards, the KTX cabin of CO2 concentration should be managed. In this study, the concentration change was predicted by CO2 prediction simulation in route to be opened. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20prediction" title="CO2 prediction">CO2 prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KTX" title=" KTX"> KTX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20and%20transportation%20engineering" title=" infrastructure and transportation engineering"> infrastructure and transportation engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18283/prediction-of-co2-concentration-in-the-korea-train-express-ktx-cabins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">997</span> Cross Ventilation Potential in an Array of Building Blocks: The Case Study of Alexandria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakr%20Gomaa">Bakr Gomaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind driven Cross ventilation is achieved when air moves indoors due to the pressure difference on the building envelope. This is especially important in breezy moderate to humid settings in which fast air flow can promote thermal comfort. Studies have shown that the use of simple building forms or ignoring the urban context when studying natural ventilation can lead to inaccurate results. In this paper, the impact of the urban form of a regular array of buildings is investigated to define the impact of this urban setting on cross ventilation potential. The objective of this paper is to provide the necessary tools to achieve natural ventilation for cooling purposes in an array of building blocks context. The array urban form has been studied before for natural ventilation purposes yet to the best of our knowledge no study has considered the relationship between the urban form and the pressure patterns that develop on the buildings envelope for cross ventilation. For this we use detailed weather data for a case study city of Alexandria (Egypt), as well as a validated CFD simulations to investigate the cross ventilation potential in terms of pressure patterns in waterfront as well as in-city wind flows perpendicular to the buildings array. it was found that for both waterfront and in-city wind speeds the windows needed for cross ventilation in rear raws of the array are significantly larger than those needed for front raw. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20ventilation" title=" cross ventilation"> cross ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20coefficient" title=" pressure coefficient"> pressure coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56728/cross-ventilation-potential-in-an-array-of-building-blocks-the-case-study-of-alexandria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">996</span> Minimally Invasive versus Conventional Sternotomy for Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shaboub">Ahmed Shaboub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Jasim%20Althawadi"> Yusuf Jasim Althawadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shadi%20Alaa%20Abdelaal"> Shadi Alaa Abdelaal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hussein%20Abdalla"> Mohamed Hussein Abdalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Amr%20Elzahaby"> Hatem Amr Elzahaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mohamed"> Mohamed Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazem%20S.%20Ghaith"> Hazem S. Ghaith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Negida"> Ahmed Negida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: We aimed to compare the safety and outcomes of the minimally invasive approaches versus conventional sternotomy procedures for aortic valve replacement. Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. We ran an electronic search of PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify the relevant published studies. Data were extracted and pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD) or risk ratio (RR) using StataMP version 17 for macOS. Results: Forty-one studies with a total of 15,065 patients were included in this meta-analysis (minimally invasive approaches n=7231 vs. conventional sternotomy n=7834). The pooled effect size showed that minimally invasive approaches had lower mortality rate (RR 0.76, 95%CI [0.59 to 0.99]), intensive care unit and hospital stays (SMD -0.16 and -0.31, respectively), ventilation time (SMD -0.26, 95%CI [-0.38 to -0.15]), 24-h chest tube drainage (SMD -1.03, 95%CI [-1.53 to -0.53]), RBCs transfusion (RR 0.81, 95%CI [0.70 to 0.93]), wound infection (RR 0.66, 95%CI [0.47 to 0.92]) and acute renal failure (RR 0.65, 95%CI [0.46 to 0.93]). However, minimally invasive approaches had longer operative time, cross-clamp, and bypass times (SMD 0.47, 95%CI [0.22 to 0.72], SMD 0.27, 95%CI [0.07 to 0.48], and SMD 0.37, 95%CI [0.20 to 0.45], respectively). There were no differences between the two groups in blood loss, endocarditis, cardiac tamponade, stroke, arrhythmias, pneumonia, pneumothorax, bleeding reoperation, tracheostomy, hemodialysis, or myocardial infarction (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Current evidence showed higher safety and better operative outcomes with minimally invasive aortic valve replacement compared to the conventional approach. Future RCTs with long-term follow-ups are recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aortic%20replacement" title="aortic replacement">aortic replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimally%20invasive" title=" minimally invasive"> minimally invasive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sternotomy" title=" sternotomy"> sternotomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-sternotomy" title=" mini-sternotomy"> mini-sternotomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aortic%20valve" title=" aortic valve"> aortic valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta%20analysis" title=" meta analysis"> meta analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157928/minimally-invasive-versus-conventional-sternotomy-for-aortic-valve-replacement-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">995</span> The Impact and Performances of Controlled Ventilation Strategy on Thermal Comfort and Indoor Atmosphere in Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Bouasria">Selma Bouasria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahi%20Abdelkader"> Mahi Abdelkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abb%C3%A8s%20Azzi"> Abbès Azzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herouz%20Keltoum"> Herouz Keltoum </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ventilation in buildings is a key element to provide high indoor air quality. Its efficiency appears as one of the most important factors in maintaining thermal comfort for occupants of buildings. Personal displacement ventilation is a new ventilation concept that combines the positive features of displacement ventilation with those of task conditioning or personalized ventilation. This work aims to study numerically the supply air flow in a room to optimize a comfortable microclimate for an occupant. The room is heated, and a dummy is designed to simulate the occupant. Two types of configurations were studied. The first consist of a room without windows; and the second one is a local equipped with a window. The influence of the blowing speed and the solar radiation coming from the window on the thermal comfort of the occupant is studied. To conduct this study we used the turbulence models, namely the high Reynolds k-e, the RNG and the SST models. The numerical tool used is based on the finite volume method. The numerical simulation of the supply air flow in a room can predict and provide a significant information about indoor comfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local" title="local">local</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort" title=" comfort"> comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermique" title=" thermique"> thermique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20environment" title=" internal environment "> internal environment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25772/the-impact-and-performances-of-controlled-ventilation-strategy-on-thermal-comfort-and-indoor-atmosphere-in-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">994</span> Optimal Trajectory Finding of IDP Ventilation Control with Outdoor Air Information and Indoor Health Risk Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjeong%20Kim">Minjeong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungchul%20Lee"> Seungchul Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Janghorban%20Esfahani"> Iman Janghorban Esfahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Tai%20Kim"> Jeong Tai Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ChangKyoo%20Yoo"> ChangKyoo Yoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A trajectory of set-point of ventilation control systems plays an important role for efficient ventilation inside subway stations since it affects the level of indoor air pollutants and ventilation energy consumption. To maintain indoor air quality (IAQ) at a comfortable range with lower ventilation energy consumption, the optimal trajectory of the ventilation control system needs to be determined. The concentration of air pollutants inside the station shows a diurnal variation in accordance with the variations in the number of passengers and subway frequency. To consider the diurnal variation of IAQ, an iterative dynamic programming (IDP) that searches for a piecewise control policy by separating whole duration into several stages is used. When outdoor air is contaminated by pollutants, it enters the subway station through the ventilation system, which results in the deteriorated IAQ and adverse effects on passenger health. In this study, to consider the influence of outdoor air quality (OAQ), a new performance index of the IDP with the passenger health risk and OAQ is proposed. This study was carried out for an underground subway station at Seoul Metro, Korea. The optimal set-points of the ventilation control system are determined every 3 hours, then, the ventilation controller adjusts the ventilation fan speed according to the optimal set-point changes. Compared to manual ventilation system which is operated irrespective of the OAQ, the IDP-based ventilation control system saves 3.7% of the energy consumption. Compared to the fixed set-point controller which is operated irrespective of the IAQ diurnal variation, the IDP-based controller shows better performance with a 2% decrease in energy consumption, maintaining the comfortable IAQ range inside the station. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title="indoor air quality">indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20dynamic%20algorithm" title=" iterative dynamic algorithm"> iterative dynamic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20air%20information" title=" outdoor air information"> outdoor air information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation%20control%20system" title=" ventilation control system"> ventilation control system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26099/optimal-trajectory-finding-of-idp-ventilation-control-with-outdoor-air-information-and-indoor-health-risk-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">993</span> Arterial Line Use for Acute Type 2 Respiratory Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Scurr">C. Scurr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Jeans"> J. Jeans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Srivastava"> S. Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Acute type two respiratory failure (T2RF) has become a common presentation over the last two decades primarily due to an increase in the prevalence of chronic lung disease. Acute exacerbations can be managed either medically or in combination with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) which should be monitored with regular arterial blood gas samples (ABG). Arterial lines allow more frequent arterial blood sampling with less patient discomfort. We present the experience from a teaching hospital emergency department (ED) and level 2 medical high-dependency unit (HDU) that together form the pathway for management of acute type 2 respiratory failure. Methods: Patients acutely presenting to Charing Cross Hospital, London, with T2RF requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV) over 14 months (2011 to 2012) were identified from clinical coding. Retrospective data collection included: demographics, co-morbidities, blood gas numbers and timing, if arterial lines were used and who performed this. Analysis was undertaken using Microsoft Excel. Results: Coding identified 107 possible patients. 69 notes were available, of which 41 required NIV for type 2 respiratory failure. 53.6% of patients had an arterial line inserted. Patients with arterial lines had 22.4 ABG in total on average compared to 8.2 for those without. These patients had a similar average time to normalizing pH of (23.7 with arterial line vs 25.6 hours without), and no statistically significant difference in mortality. Arterial lines were inserted by Foundation year doctors, Core trainees, Medical registrars as well as the ICU registrar. 63% of these were performed by the medical registrar rather than ICU, ED or a junior doctor. This is reflected in that the average time until an arterial line was inserted was 462 minutes. The average number of ABGs taken before an arterial line was 2 with a range of 0 – 6. The average number of gases taken if no arterial line was ever used was 7.79 (range of 2-34) – on average 4 times as many arterial punctures for each patient. Discussion: Arterial line use was associated with more frequent arterial blood sampling during each inpatient admission. Additionally, patients with an arterial line have less individual arterial punctures in total and this is likely more comfortable for the patient. Arterial lines are normally sited by medical registrars, however this is normally after some delay. ED clinicians could improve patient comfort and monitoring thus allowing faster titration of NIV if arteral lines were regularly inserted in the ED. We recommend that ED doctors insert arterial lines when indicated in order improve the patient experience and facilitate medical management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20invasive%20ventilation" title="non invasive ventilation">non invasive ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20blood%20gas" title=" arterial blood gas"> arterial blood gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20type" title=" acute type"> acute type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20line" title=" arterial line"> arterial line</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1409/arterial-line-use-for-acute-type-2-respiratory-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">992</span> Role of Adaptive Support Ventilation in Weaning of COPD Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kamel%20Abd%20Elaziz%20Mohamed">A. Kamel Abd Elaziz Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sameh%20Kamal%20el%20Maraghi"> B. Sameh Kamal el Maraghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) is an improved closed-loop ventilation mode that provides both pressure-controlled ventilation and PSV according to the patient’s needs. Aim of the work: To compare the short-term effects of Adaptive support ventilation (ASV), with conventional Pressure support ventilation (PSV) in weaning of intubated COPD patients. Patients and methods: Fifty patients admitted in the intensive care with acute exacerbation of COPD and needing intubation were included in the study. All patients were initially ventilated with control/assist control mode, in a stepwise manner and were receiving standard medical therapy. Patients were randomized into two groups to receive either ASV or PSV. Results: Out of fifty patients included in the study forty one patients in both studied groups were weaned successfully according to their ABG data and weaning indices. APACHE II score showed no significant difference in both groups. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in term of, duration of mechanical ventilation, weaning hours and length of ICU stay being shorter in (group 1) weaned by ASV. Re-intubation and mortality rate were higher in (group 11) weaned by conventional PSV, however the differences were not significant. Conclusion: ASV can provide automated weaning and achieve shorter weaning time for COPD patients hence leading to reduction in the total duration of MV, length of stay, and hospital costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COPD%20patients" title="COPD patients">COPD patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASV" title=" ASV"> ASV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSV" title=" PSV"> PSV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20ventilation%20%28MV%29" title=" mechanical ventilation (MV)"> mechanical ventilation (MV)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19550/role-of-adaptive-support-ventilation-in-weaning-of-copd-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">991</span> The Assessment of Natural Ventilation Performance for Thermal Comfort in Educational Space: A Case Study of Design Studio in the Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Alexandria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Sarhan">Alaa Sarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20Abd%20El%20Gelil"> Rania Abd El Gelil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Awad"> Hana Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through the last decades, the impact of thermal comfort on the working performance of users and occupants of an indoor space has been a concern. Research papers concluded that natural ventilation quality directly impacts the levels of thermal comfort. Natural ventilation must be put into account during the design process in order to improve the inhabitant's efficiency and productivity. One example of daily long-term occupancy spaces is educational facilities. Many individuals spend long times receiving a considerable amount of knowledge, and it takes additional time to apply this knowledge. Thus, this research is concerned with user's level of thermal comfort in design studios of educational facilities. The natural ventilation quality in spaces is affected by a number of parameters including orientation, opening design, and many other factors. This research aims to investigate the conscious manipulation of the physical parameters of the spaces and its impact on natural ventilation performance which subsequently affects thermal comfort of users. The current research uses inductive and deductive methods to define natural ventilation design considerations, which are used in a field study in a studio in the university building in Alexandria (AAST) to evaluate natural ventilation performance through analyzing and comparing the current case to the developed framework and conducting computational fluid dynamics simulation. Results have proved that natural ventilation performance is successful by only 50% of the natural ventilation design framework; these results are supported by CFD simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20buildings" title="educational buildings">educational buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediterranean%20climate" title=" mediterranean climate"> mediterranean climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104795/the-assessment-of-natural-ventilation-performance-for-thermal-comfort-in-educational-space-a-case-study-of-design-studio-in-the-arab-academy-for-science-and-technology-alexandria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">990</span> Simulation of Natural Ventilation Strategies as a Comparison Method for Two Different Climates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fulya%20Ozbey">Fulya Ozbey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecehan%20Ozmehmet"> Ecehan Ozmehmet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health and living in a healthy environment are important for all the living creatures. Healthy buildings are the part of the healthy environment and the ones that people and sometimes the animals spend most of their times in it. Therefore, healthy buildings are important subject for everybody. There are many elements of the healthy buildings from material choice to the thermal comfort including indoor air quality. The aim of this study is, to simulate two natural ventilation strategies which are used as a cooling method in Mediterranean climate, by applying to a residential building and compare the results for Asian climate. Fulltime natural and night-time ventilation strategies are simulated for three days during the summertime in Mediterranean climate. The results show that one of the chosen passive cooling strategies worked on both climates good enough without using additional shading element and cooling device, however, the other ventilation strategy did not provide comfortable indoor temperature enough. Finally, both of the ventilation strategies worked better on the Asian climate than the Mediterranean in terms of the total overheating hours during the chosen period of year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asian%20climate" title="Asian climate">Asian climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title=" indoor air quality"> indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mediterranean%20climate" title=" Mediterranean climate"> Mediterranean climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation%20simulation" title=" natural ventilation simulation"> natural ventilation simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85415/simulation-of-natural-ventilation-strategies-as-a-comparison-method-for-two-different-climates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">989</span> Natural Ventilation for the Sustainable Tall Office Buildings of the Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fin%20Sev">Ayşin Sev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6rkem%20Aslan"> Görkem Aslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable tall buildings that provide comfortable, healthy and efficient indoor environments are clearly desirable as the densification of living and working space for the world’s increasing population proceeds. For environmental concerns, these buildings must also be energy efficient. One component of these tasks is the provision of indoor air quality and thermal comfort, which can be enhanced with natural ventilation by the supply of fresh air. Working spaces can only be naturally ventilated with connections to the outdoors utilizing operable windows, double facades, ventilation stacks, balconies, patios, terraces and skygardens. Large amounts of fresh air can be provided to the indoor spaces without mechanical air-conditioning systems, which are widely employed in contemporary tall buildings. This paper tends to present the concept of natural ventilation for sustainable tall office buildings in order to achieve healthy and comfortable working spaces, as well as energy efficient environments. Initially the historical evolution of ventilation strategies for tall buildings is presented, beginning with natural ventilation and continuing with the introduction of mechanical air-conditioning systems. Then the emergence of natural ventilation due to the health and environmental concerns in tall buildings is handled, and the strategies for implementing this strategy are revealed. In the next section, a number of case studies that utilize this strategy are investigated. Finally, how tall office buildings can benefit from this strategy is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tall%20office%20building" title="tall office building">tall office building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-skin%20fa%C3%A7ade" title=" double-skin façade"> double-skin façade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20ventilation" title=" stack ventilation"> stack ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning" title=" air conditioning"> air conditioning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12589/natural-ventilation-for-the-sustainable-tall-office-buildings-of-the-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">988</span> Comparative Economic Evaluation of Additional Respiratory Resources Utilized after Methylxanthine Initiation for the Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity in a South Asian Country</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivakumar%20M">Shivakumar M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20Edward%20S%20Lewis"> Leslie Edward S Lewis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashikala%20Devadiga"> Shashikala Devadiga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Khurana"> Sonia Khurana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Methylxanthines are used for the treatment of AOP, to facilitate extubation and as a prophylactic agent to prevent apnea. Though the popularity of Caffeine has risen, it is expensive in a resource constrained developing countries like India. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Caffeine compared with Aminophylline treatment for AOP with respect to additional ventilatory resource utilized in different birth weight categorization. Design, Settings and Participants – Single centered, retrospective economic evaluation was done. Participants included preterm newborns with < 34 completed weeks of gestation age that were recruited under an Indian Council of Medical Research funded randomized clinical trial. Per protocol data was included from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India between April 2012 and December 2014. Exposure: Preterm neonates were randomly allocated to either Caffeine or Aminophylline as per the trial protocol. Outcomes and Measures – We assessed surfactant requirement, duration of Invasive and Non-Invasive Ventilation, Total Methylxanthine cost and additional cost for respiratory support bared by the payers per day during hospital stay. For the purpose of this study Newborns were stratified as Category A – < 1000g, Category B – 1001 to 1500g and Category C – 1501 to 2500g. Results: Total 146 (Caffeine -72 and Aminophylline – 74) babies with Mean ± SD gestation age of 29.63 ± 1.89 weeks were assessed. 32.19% constitute of Category A, 55.48% were B and 12.33% were C. The difference in median duration of additional NIV and IMV support was statistically insignificant. However 60% of neonates who received Caffeine required additional surfactant therapy (p=0.02). The total median (IQR) cost of Caffeine was significantly high with Rs.10535 (Q3-6317.50, Q1-15992.50) where against Aminophylline cost was Rs.352 (Q3-236, Q1-709) (p < 0.001). The additional costs spent on respiratory support per day in neonates on either Methylxanthines were found to be statistically insignificant in the entire weight based category of our study. Whereas in Category B, the median O2 charges per day were found to have more in Caffeine treated newborns (p=0.05) with border line significance. In category A, providing one day NIV or IMV support significantly increases the unit log cost of Caffeine by 13.6% (CI – 95% ranging from 4 to 24; p=0.005) over log cost of Aminophylline. Conclusion: Cost of Caffeine is expensive than Aminophylline. It was found to be equally efficacious in reducing the number duration of NIV or IMV support. However adjusted with the NIV and IMV days of support, neonates fall in category A and category B who were on Caffeine pays excess amount of respiratory charges per day over aminophylline. In perspective of resource poor settings Aminophylline is cost saving and economically approachable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylxanthines%20include%20caffeine%20and%20aminophylline" title="methylxanthines include caffeine and aminophylline">methylxanthines include caffeine and aminophylline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AOP%20%28apnea%20of%20prematurity%29" title=" AOP (apnea of prematurity)"> AOP (apnea of prematurity)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMV%20%28invasive%20mechanical%20ventilation%29" title=" IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation)"> IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIV%20%28non%20invasive%20ventilation%29" title=" NIV (non invasive ventilation)"> NIV (non invasive ventilation)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=category%20a%20%E2%80%93%20%3C1000g" title=" category a – <1000g"> category a – <1000g</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=category%20b%20%E2%80%93%201001%20to%201500g%20and%20category%20c%20%E2%80%93%201501%20to%202500g" title=" category b – 1001 to 1500g and category c – 1501 to 2500g"> category b – 1001 to 1500g and category c – 1501 to 2500g</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35733/comparative-economic-evaluation-of-additional-respiratory-resources-utilized-after-methylxanthine-initiation-for-the-treatment-of-apnea-of-prematurity-in-a-south-asian-country" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">987</span> Numerical Simulation of a Combined Impact of Cooling and Ventilation on the Indoor Environmental Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matjaz%20Prek">Matjaz Prek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Impact of three different combinations of cooling and ventilation systems on the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has been studied. Comparison of chilled ceiling cooling in combination with displacement ventilation, cooling with fan coil unit and cooling with flat wall displacement outlets was performed. All three combinations were evaluated from the standpoint of whole-body and local thermal comfort criteria as well as from the standpoint of ventilation effectiveness. The comparison was made on the basis of numerical simulation with DesignBuilder and Fluent. Numerical simulations were carried out in two steps. Firstly the DesignBuilder software environment was used to model the buildings thermal performance and evaluation of the interaction between the environment and the building. Heat gains of the building and of the individual space, as well as the heat loss on the boundary surfaces in the room, were calculated. In the second step Fluent software environment was used to simulate the response of the indoor environment, evaluating the interaction between building and human, using the simulation results obtained in the first step. Among the systems presented, the ceiling cooling system in combination with displacement ventilation was found to be the most suitable as it offers a high level of thermal comfort with adequate ventilation efficiency. Fan coil cooling has proved inadequate from the standpoint of thermal comfort whereas flat wall displacement outlets were inadequate from the standpoint of ventilation effectiveness. The study showed the need in evaluating indoor environment not solely from the energy use point of view, but from the point of view of indoor environmental quality as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title="cooling">cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation%20effectiveness" title=" ventilation effectiveness"> ventilation effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environmental%20quality" title=" indoor environmental quality"> indoor environmental quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEQ" title=" IEQ"> IEQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97567/numerical-simulation-of-a-combined-impact-of-cooling-and-ventilation-on-the-indoor-environmental-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">986</span> User-Centered Design in the Development of Patient Decision Aids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariane%20Plaisance">Ariane Plaisance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holly%20O.%20Witteman"> Holly O. Witteman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Michel%20Archambault"> Patrick Michel Archambault</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upon admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), all patients should discuss their wishes concerning life-sustaining interventions (e.g., cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)). Without such discussions, interventions that prolong life at the cost of decreasing its quality may be used without appropriate guidance from patients. We employed user-centered design to adapt an existing decision aid (DA) about CPR to create a novel wiki-based DA adapted to the context of a single ICU and tailored to individual patient’s risk factors. During Phase 1, we conducted three weeks of ethnography of the decision-making context in our ICU to identify clinician and patient needs for a decision aid. During this time, we observed five dyads of intensivists and patients discussing their wishes concerning life-sustaining interventions. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with the attending intensivists in this ICU. During Phase 2, we conducted three rounds of rapid prototyping involving 15 patients and 11 other allied health professionals. We recorded discussions between intensivists and patients and used a standardized observation grid to collect patients’ comments and sociodemographic data. We applied content analysis to field notes, verbatim transcripts and the completed observation grids. Each round of observations and rapid prototyping iteratively informed the design of the next prototype. We also used the programming architecture of a wiki platform to embed the GO-FAR prediction rule programming code that we linked to a risk graphics software to better illustrate outcome risks calculated. During Phase I, we identified the need to add a section in our DA concerning invasive mechanical ventilation in addition to CPR because both life-sustaining interventions were often discussed together by physicians. During Phase II, we produced a context-adapted decision aid about CPR and mechanical ventilation that includes a values clarification section, questions about the patient’s functional autonomy prior to admission to the ICU and the functional decline that they would judge acceptable upon hospital discharge, risks and benefits of CPR and invasive mechanical ventilation, population-level statistics about CPR, a synthesis section to help patients come to a final decision and an online calculator based on the GO-FAR prediction rule. Even though the three rounds of rapid prototyping led to simplifying the information in our DA, 60% (n= 3/5) of the patients involved in the last cycle still did not understand the purpose of the DA. We also identified gaps in the discussion and documentation of patients’ preferences concerning life-sustaining interventions (e.g.,. CPR, invasive mechanical ventilation). The final version of our DA and our online wiki-based GO-FAR risk calculator using the IconArray.com risk graphics software are available online at www.wikidecision.org and are ready to be adapted to other contexts. Our results inform producers of decision aids on the use of wikis and user-centered design to develop DAs that are better adapted to users’ needs. Further work is needed on the creation of a video version of our DA. Physicians will also need the training to use our DA and to develop shared decision-making skills about goals of care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnography" title="ethnography">ethnography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care%20units" title=" intensive care units"> intensive care units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-sustaining%20therapies" title=" life-sustaining therapies"> life-sustaining therapies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user-centered%20design" title=" user-centered design"> user-centered design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59782/user-centered-design-in-the-development-of-patient-decision-aids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">985</span> Using Manipulating Urban Layouts to Enhance Ventilation and Thermal Comfort in Street Canyons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Ying-Ming">Su Ying-Ming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High density of high rise buildings in urban areas lead to a deteriorative Urban Heat Island Effect, gradually. This study focuses on discussing the relationship between urban layout and ventilation comfort in street canyons. This study takes Songjiang Nanjing Rd. area of Taipei, Taiwan as an example to evaluate the wind environment comfort index by field measurement and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to improve both the quality and quantity of the environment. In this study, different factors including street blocks size, the width of buildings, street width ratio and the direction of the wind were used to discuss the potential of ventilation. The environmental wind field was measured by the environmental testing equipment, Testo 480. Evaluation of blocks sizes, the width of buildings, street width ratio and the direction of the wind was made under the condition of constant floor area with the help of Stimulation CFD to adjust research methods for optimizing regional wind environment. The results of this study showed the width of buildings influences the efficiency of outdoor ventilation; improvement of the efficiency of ventilation with large street width was also shown. The study found that Block width and H/D value and PR value has a close relationship. Furthermore, this study showed a significant relationship between the alteration of street block geometry and outdoor comfortableness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20ventilation%20path" title="urban ventilation path">urban ventilation path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation%20efficiency%20indices" title=" ventilation efficiency indices"> ventilation efficiency indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20layout" title=" building layout"> building layout</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67206/using-manipulating-urban-layouts-to-enhance-ventilation-and-thermal-comfort-in-street-canyons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">984</span> Effect of Porous Multi-Layer Envelope System on Effective Wind Pressure of Building Ventilation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Chang%20Yu">Ying-Chang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Lung%20Lo"> Yuan-Lung Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building ventilation performance is an important indicator of indoor comfort. However, in addition to the geometry of the building or the proportion of the opening, the ventilation performance is also very much related to the actual wind pressure of the building. There are more and more contemporary building designs built with multi-layer exterior envelope. Due to ventilation and view observatory requirement, the porous outer layer of the building is commonly adopted and has a significant wind damping effect, causing the phenomenon of actual wind pressure loss. However, the relationship between the wind damping effect and the actual wind pressure is not linear. This effect can make the indoor ventilation of the building rationalized to reasonable range under the condition of high wind pressure, and also maintain a good amount of ventilation performance under the condition of low wind pressure. In this study, wind tunnel experiments were carried out to simulate the different wind pressures flow through the porous outer layer, and observe the actual wind pressure strength engage with the window layer to find the decreasing relationship between the damping effect of the porous shell and the wind pressure. Experiment specimen scale was designed to be 1:50 for testing real-world building conditions; the study found that the porous enclosure has protective shielding without affecting low-pressure ventilation. Current study observed the porous skin may damp more wind energy to ease the wind pressure under high-speed wind. Differential wind speed may drop the pressure into similar pressure level by using porous skin. The actual mechanism and value of this phenomenon will need further study in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20facade" title="multi-layer facade">multi-layer facade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20damping" title=" wind damping"> wind damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20test" title=" wind tunnel test"> wind tunnel test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20ventilation" title=" building ventilation "> building ventilation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111397/effect-of-porous-multi-layer-envelope-system-on-effective-wind-pressure-of-building-ventilation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">983</span> Windphil Poetic in Architecture: Energy Efficient Strategies in Modern Buildings of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepideh%20Samadzadehyazdi">Sepideh Samadzadehyazdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Khalili"> Mohammad Javad Khalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarvenaz%20Samadzadehyazdi"> Sarvenaz Samadzadehyazdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Mahdavinejad"> Mohammad Javad Mahdavinejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term ‘Windphil Architecture’ refers to the building that facilitates natural ventilation by architectural elements. Natural ventilation uses the natural forces of wind pressure and stacks effect to direct the movement of air through buildings. Natural ventilation is increasingly being used in contemporary buildings to minimize the consumption of non-renewable energy and it is an effective way to improve indoor air quality. The main objective of this paper is to identify the strategies of using natural ventilation in Iranian modern buildings. In this regard, the research method is ‘descriptive-analytical’ that is based on comparative techniques. To simulate wind flow in the interior spaces of case studies, FLUENT software has been used. Research achievements show that it is possible to use natural ventilation to create a thermally comfortable indoor environment. The natural ventilation strategies could be classified into two groups of environmental characteristics such as public space structure, and architectural characteristics including building form and orientation, openings, central courtyards, wind catchers, roof, wall wings, semi-open spaces and the heat capacity of materials. Having investigated modern buildings of Iran, innovative elements like wind catchers and wall wings are less used than the traditional architecture. Instead, passive ventilation strategies have been more considered in the building design as for the roof structure and openings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation%20strategies" title="natural ventilation strategies">natural ventilation strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20catchers" title=" wind catchers"> wind catchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20flow" title=" wind flow"> wind flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20modern%20buildings" title=" Iranian modern buildings"> Iranian modern buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80724/windphil-poetic-in-architecture-energy-efficient-strategies-in-modern-buildings-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">982</span> Assessing P0.1 and Occlusion Pressures in Brain-Injured Patients on Pressure Support Ventilation: A Study Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20R.%20Slagmulder">S. B. R. Slagmulder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monitoring inspiratory effort and dynamic lung stress in patients on pressure support ventilation in the ICU is important for protecting against self inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) and diaphragm dysfunction. Strategies to address the detrimental effects of respiratory drive and effort can lead to improved patient outcomes. Two non-invasive estimation methods, occlusion pressure (Pocc) and P0.1, have been proposed for achieving lung and diaphragm protective ventilation. However, their relationship and interpretation in neuro ICU patients is not well understood. P0.1 is the airway pressure measured during a 100-millisecond occlusion of the inspiratory port. It reflects the neural drive from the respiratory centers to the diaphragm and respiratory muscles, indicating the patient's respiratory drive during the initiation of each breath. Occlusion pressure, measured during a brief inspiratory pause against a closed airway, provides information about the inspiratory muscles' strength and the system's total resistance and compliance. Research Objective: Understanding the relationship between Pocc and P0.1 in brain-injured patients can provide insights into the interpretation of these values in pressure support ventilation. This knowledge can contribute to determining extubation readiness and optimizing ventilation strategies to improve patient outcomes. The central goal is to asses a study protocol for determining the relationship between Pocc and P0.1 in brain-injured patients on pressure support ventilation and their ability to predict successful extubation. Additionally, comparing these values between brain-damaged and non-brain-damaged patients may provide valuable insights. Key Areas of Inquiry: 1. How do Pocc and P0.1 values correlate within brain injury patients undergoing pressure support ventilation? 2. To what extent can Pocc and P0.1 values serve as predictive indicators for successful extubation in patients with brain injuries? 3. What differentiates the Pocc and P0.1 values between patients with brain injuries and those without? Methodology: P0.1 and occlusion pressures are standard measurements for pressure support ventilation patients, taken by attending doctors as per protocol. We utilize electronic patient records for existing data. Unpaired T-test will be conducted to compare P0.1 and Pocc values between both study groups. Associations between P0.1 and Pocc and other study variables, such as extubation, will be explored with simple regression and correlation analysis. Depending on how the data evolve, subgroup analysis will be performed for patients with and without extubation failure. Results: While it is anticipated that neuro patients may exhibit high respiratory drive, the linkage between such elevation, quantified by P0.1, and successful extubation remains unknown The analysis will focus on determining the ability of these values to predict successful extubation and their potential impact on ventilation strategies. Conclusion: Further research is pending to fully understand the potential of these indices and their impact on mechanical ventilation in different patient populations and clinical scenarios. Understanding these relationships can aid in determining extubation readiness and tailoring ventilation strategies to improve patient outcomes in this specific patient population. Additionally, it is vital to account for the influence of sedatives, neurological scores, and BMI on respiratory drive and occlusion pressures to ensure a comprehensive analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20damage" title="brain damage">brain damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaphragm%20dysfunction" title=" diaphragm dysfunction"> diaphragm dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occlusion%20pressure" title=" occlusion pressure"> occlusion pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p0.1" title=" p0.1"> p0.1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20drive" title=" respiratory drive"> respiratory drive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171722/assessing-p01-and-occlusion-pressures-in-brain-injured-patients-on-pressure-support-ventilation-a-study-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">981</span> CFD Analysis of a Two-Sided Windcatcher Inlet/Outlet Ducts’ Height in Ventilation Flow through a Three Dimensional Room</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Niktash">Amirreza Niktash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20P.%20Huynh"> B. P. Huynh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A windcatcher is a structure fitted on the roof of a building for providing natural ventilation by using wind power; it exhausts the inside stale air to the outside and supplies the outside fresh air into the interior space of the building working by pressure difference between outside and inside of the building and using ventilation principles of passive stacks and wind tower, respectively. In this paper, the effect of different heights of inlet/outlets’ ducts of a two-sided windcatcher on the flow rate, flow velocity and flow pattern through a three-dimensional room fitted with the windcatcher are investigated and analysed by using RANS CFD technique and applying standard K-ε turbulence model via a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package. The achieved results show that the inlet/outlet ducts height strongly affects flow rate, flow velocity and flow pattern especially in the living area of the room when the wind velocity is not too low. The results are confirmed by the experimental test for constructed scaled model in the laboratory and it develops the two-sided windcatcher’s performance in ventilation applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RANS" title=" RANS"> RANS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=windcatcher" title=" windcatcher"> windcatcher</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18751/cfd-analysis-of-a-two-sided-windcatcher-inletoutlet-ducts-height-in-ventilation-flow-through-a-three-dimensional-room" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">980</span> Characterisation of Wind-Driven Ventilation in Complex Terrain Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Micallef">Daniel Micallef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damien%20Bounaudet"> Damien Bounaudet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20N.%20Farrugia"> Robert N. Farrugia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20P.%20Borg"> Simon P. Borg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Buhagiar"> Vincent Buhagiar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tonio%20Sant"> Tonio Sant</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physical effects of upstream flow obstructions such as vegetation on cross-ventilation phenomena of a building are important for issues such as indoor thermal comfort. Modelling such effects in Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations may also be challenging. The aim of this work is to establish the cross-ventilation jet behaviour in such complex terrain conditions as well as to provide guidelines on the implementation of CFD numerical simulations in order to model complex terrain features such as vegetation in an efficient manner. The methodology consists of onsite measurements on a test cell coupled with numerical simulations. It was found that the cross-ventilation flow is highly turbulent despite the very low velocities encountered internally within the test cells. While no direct measurement of the jet direction was made, the measurements indicate that flow tends to be reversed from the leeward to the windward side. Modelling such a phenomenon proves challenging and is strongly influenced by how vegetation is modelled. A solid vegetation tends to predict better the direction and magnitude of the flow than a porous vegetation approach. A simplified terrain model was also shown to provide good comparisons with observation. The findings have important implications on the study of cross-ventilation in complex terrain conditions since the flow direction does not remain trivial, as with the traditional isolated building case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20terrain" title="complex terrain">complex terrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-ventilation" title=" cross-ventilation"> cross-ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20driven%20ventilation" title=" wind driven ventilation"> wind driven ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20resource" title=" wind resource"> wind resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91489/characterisation-of-wind-driven-ventilation-in-complex-terrain-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">979</span> Electrical and Thermal Characteristics of a Photovoltaic Solar Wall with Passive and Active Ventilation through a Room</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himanshu%20Dehra">Himanshu Dehra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experimental study was conducted for ascertaining electrical and thermal characteristics of a pair of photovoltaic (PV) modules integrated with solar wall of an outdoor room. A pre-fabricated outdoor room was setup for conducting outdoor experiments on a PV solar wall with passive and active ventilation through the outdoor room. The selective operating conditions for glass coated PV modules were utilized for establishing their electrical and thermal characteristics. The PV solar wall was made up of glass coated PV modules, a ventilated air column, and an insulating layer of polystyrene filled plywood board. The measurements collected were currents, voltages, electric power, air velocities, temperatures, solar intensities, and thermal time constant. The results have demonstrated that: i) a PV solar wall installed on a wooden frame was of more heat generating capacity in comparison to a window glass or a standalone PV module; ii) generation of electric power was affected with operation of vertical PV solar wall; iii) electrical and thermal characteristics were not significantly affected by heat and thermal storage losses; and iv) combined heat and electricity generation were function of volume of thermal and electrical resistances developed across PV solar wall. Finally, a comparison of temperature plots of passive and active ventilation envisaged that fan pressure was necessary to avoid overheating of the PV solar wall. The active ventilation was necessary to avoid over-heating of the PV solar wall and to maintain adequate ventilation of room under mild climate conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20solar%20wall" title="photovoltaic solar wall">photovoltaic solar wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20ventilation" title=" passive ventilation"> passive ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20ventilation" title=" active ventilation"> active ventilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68746/electrical-and-thermal-characteristics-of-a-photovoltaic-solar-wall-with-passive-and-active-ventilation-through-a-room" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">978</span> Limited Ventilation Efficacy of Prehospital I-Gel Insertion in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunhye%20Cho">Eunhye Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk-Hoon%20Kim"> Hyuk-Hoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sieun%20Lee"> Sieun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjung%20Kathy%20Chae"> Minjung Kathy Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: I-gel is a commonly used supraglottic advanced airway device in prehospital out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) allowing for minimal interruption of continuous chest compression. However, previous studies have shown that prehospital supraglottic airway had inferior neurologic outcomes and survival compared to no advanced prehospital airway with conventional bag mask ventilation. We hypothesize that continuous compression with i-gel as an advanced airway may cause insufficient ventilation compared to 30:2 chest compression with conventional BVM. Therefore, we investigated the ventilation efficacy of i-gel with the initial arterial blood gas analysis in OHCA patients visiting our ER. Material and Method: Demographics, arrest parameters including i-gel insertion, initial arterial blood gas analysis was retrospectively analysed for 119 transported OHCA patients that visited our ER. Linear regression was done to investigate the association with i-gel insertion and initial pCO2 as a surrogate of prehospital ventilation. Result: A total of 52 patients were analysed for the study. Of the patients who visited the ER during OHCA, 24 patients had i-gel insertion and 28 patients had BVM as airway management in the prehospital phase. Prehospital i-gel insertion was associated with the initial pCO2 level (B coefficient 29.9, SE 10.1, p<0.01) after adjusting for bystander CPR, cardiogenic cause of arrest, EMS call to arrival. Conclusion: Despite many limitations to the study, prehospital insertion of i-gel was associated with high initial pCO2 values in OHCA patients visiting our ER, possibly indicating insufficient ventilation with prehospital i-gel as an advanced airway and continuous chest compressions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrest" title="arrest">arrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-gel" title=" I-gel"> I-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prehospital" title=" prehospital"> prehospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59465/limited-ventilation-efficacy-of-prehospital-i-gel-insertion-in-out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">977</span> Measuring the Effect of Ventilation on Cooking in Indoor Air Quality by Low-Cost Air Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Gonzalez">Andres Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Boies"> Adam Boies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20Swanson"> Jacob Swanson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Kittelson"> David Kittelson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concern of the indoor air quality (IAQ) has been increasing due to its risk to human health. The smoking, sweeping, and stove and stovetop use are the activities that have a major contribution to the indoor air pollution. Outdoor air pollution also affects IAQ. The most important factors over IAQ from cooking activities are the materials, fuels, foods, and ventilation. The low-cost, mobile air quality monitoring (LCMAQM) sensors, is reachable technology to assess the IAQ. This is because of the lower cost of LCMAQM compared to conventional instruments. The IAQ was assessed, using LCMAQM, during cooking activities in a University of Minnesota graduate-housing evaluating different ventilation systems. The gases measured are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). The particles measured are particle matter (PM) <sub>2.5</sub> micrometer (µm) and lung deposited surface area (LDSA). The measurements are being conducted during April 2019 in Como Student Community Cooperative (CSCC) that is a graduate housing at the University of Minnesota. The measurements are conducted using an electric stove for cooking. The amount and type of food and oil using for cooking are the same for each measurement. There are six measurements: two experiments measure air quality without any ventilation, two using an extractor as mechanical ventilation, and two using the extractor and windows open as mechanical and natural ventilation.<strong> 3</strong>The results of experiments show that natural ventilation is most efficient system to control particles and CO<sub>2</sub>. The natural ventilation reduces the concentration in 79% for LDSA and 55% for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, compared to the no ventilation. In the same way, CO<sub>2</sub> reduces its concentration in 35%. A well-mixed vessel model was implemented to assess particle the formation and decay rates. Removal rates by the extractor were significantly higher for LDSA, which is dominated by smaller particles, than for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, but in both cases much lower compared to the natural ventilation. There was significant day to day variation in particle concentrations under nominally identical conditions. This may be related to the fat content of the food. Further research is needed to assess the impact of the fat in food on particle generations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooking" title="cooking">cooking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title=" indoor air quality"> indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost%20sensor" title=" low-cost sensor"> low-cost sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108035/measuring-the-effect-of-ventilation-on-cooking-in-indoor-air-quality-by-low-cost-air-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads 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