The value of speed | Articles

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to filter" role="searchbox"> <span class="filter-clear-button hidden" data-title="Clear filter" aria-label="Clear filter" role="button" tabindex="0"></span> </div> <nav class="devsite-book-nav devsite-nav nocontent" aria-label="Side menu"> <div class="devsite-mobile-header"> <button type="button" id="devsite-close-nav" class="devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Close navigation" aria-label="Close navigation"> </button> <div class="devsite-product-name-wrapper"> <a href="/" class="devsite-site-logo-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Site logo" track-type="globalNav" track-name="webDev" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-eventDetail="nav"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/web/images/lockup-dark-theme.svg" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" class="devsite-dark-theme" alt="web.dev"> <img src="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/web/images/lockup.svg" class="devsite-site-logo" alt="web.dev"> </picture> </a> <span class="devsite-product-name"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" > <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> </li> </ul> </span> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-book-nav-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-top"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: About" track-name="about" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: About" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > About </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/html" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: HTML" track-name="html" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: HTML" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > HTML </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/css" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: CSS" track-name="css" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: CSS" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > CSS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/javascript" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: JavaScript" track-name="javascript" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: JavaScript" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > JavaScript </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/blog" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Blog" track-name="blog" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Blog" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Blog </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/learn" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Learn" track-name="learn" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Learn" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Learn </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Explore" track-name="explore" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Explore" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Explore </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/learn-core-web-vitals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Core Web Vitals" track-name="core web vitals" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Core Web Vitals" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core Web Vitals </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Metrics" track-name="metrics" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Metrics" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Metrics </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/fast" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Fast load times" track-name="fast load times" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Fast load times" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="_book"> Fast load times </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="_book"> </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: AI" track-name="ai" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AI" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > AI </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/how-to-optimize-inp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Optimize Interaction to Next Paint (INP)" track-name="optimize interaction to next paint (inp)" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Optimize Interaction to Next Paint (INP)" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Optimize Interaction to Next Paint (INP) </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/progressive-web-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Progressive Web Apps" track-name="progressive web apps" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Progressive Web Apps" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Progressive Web Apps </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/accessibility" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Accessible to all" track-name="accessible to all" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Accessible to all" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Accessible to all </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/reliable" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Network reliability" track-name="network reliability" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Network reliability" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Network reliability </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/secure" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Safe and secure" track-name="safe and secure" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Safe and secure" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Safe and secure </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/discoverable" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Easily discoverable" track-name="easily discoverable" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Easily discoverable" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Easily discoverable </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/payments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Web Payments" track-name="web payments" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Web Payments" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Web Payments </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/media" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Media" track-name="media" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Media" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Media </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/devices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Devices" track-name="devices" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Devices" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Devices </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/animations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Animations" track-name="animations" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Animations" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Animations </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/identity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Identity" track-name="identity" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Identity" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Identity </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/webassembly" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: WebAssembly" track-name="webassembly" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: WebAssembly" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > WebAssembly </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/test-automation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Test automation" track-name="test automation" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Test automation" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Test automation </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/react" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: React" track-name="react" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: React" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > React </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/angular" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Angular" track-name="angular" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Angular" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Angular </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/explore/mini-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Mini apps" track-name="mini apps" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Mini apps" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Mini apps </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/patterns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Patterns" track-name="patterns" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Patterns" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Patterns </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/case-studies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Case studies" track-name="case studies" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Case studies" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Case studies </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/why-speed-matters" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/why-speed-matters" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/why-speed-matters" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Why does speed matter?</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/what-is-speed" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/what-is-speed" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/what-is-speed" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What is speed?</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/how-to-measure-speed" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/how-to-measure-speed" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/how-to-measure-speed" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How to measure speed?</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/how-to-stay-fast" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/how-to-stay-fast" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/how-to-stay-fast" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How to stay fast?</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Core Web Vitals</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/vitals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/vitals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/vitals" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web Vitals</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/user-centric-performance-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/user-centric-performance-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/user-centric-performance-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>User-centric performance metrics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/defining-core-web-vitals-thresholds" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/defining-core-web-vitals-thresholds" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/defining-core-web-vitals-thresholds" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Defining the Core Web Vitals metrics thresholds</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/lcp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/lcp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/lcp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/cls" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/cls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/cls" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/inp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/inp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/inp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Interaction to Next Paint (INP)</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-lcp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-lcp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-lcp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Largest Contentful Paint</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-cls" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-cls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-cls" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Cumulative Layout Shift</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-inp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-inp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-inp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Interaction to Next Paint</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/top-cwv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/top-cwv" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/top-cwv" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>The most effective ways to improve Core Web Vitals</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/vitals-tools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/vitals-tools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/vitals-tools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Core Web Vitals workflows with Google tools</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-cwv-business" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-cwv-business" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-cwv-business" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimizing Core Web Vitals for business decision makers</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure performance in the field</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/chrome-ux-report" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/chrome-ux-report" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/chrome-ux-report" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Using the Chrome UX Report to look at performance in the field</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/lab-and-field-data-differences" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/lab-and-field-data-differences" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/lab-and-field-data-differences" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Why lab and field data can be different (and what to do about it)</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/crux-and-rum-differences" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/crux-and-rum-differences" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/crux-and-rum-differences" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Why is CrUX data different from my RUM data?</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize your resource delivery</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-ttfb" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-ttfb" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-ttfb" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Time to First Byte</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/content-delivery-networks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/content-delivery-networks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/content-delivery-networks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Content delivery networks (CDNs)</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/prioritize-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/prioritize-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/prioritize-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prioritize resources</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/preload-critical-assets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/preload-critical-assets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/preload-critical-assets" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Preload critical assets to improve loading speed</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/preconnect-and-dns-prefetch" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/preconnect-and-dns-prefetch" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/preconnect-and-dns-prefetch" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Establish network connections early to improve perceived page speed</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/link-prefetch" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/link-prefetch" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/link-prefetch" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prefetch resources to speed up future navigations</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/fast-playback-with-preload" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/fast-playback-with-preload" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/fast-playback-with-preload" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fast playback with audio and video preload</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/adaptive-serving-based-on-network-quality" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/adaptive-serving-based-on-network-quality" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/adaptive-serving-based-on-network-quality" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Adaptive serving based on network quality</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize your images</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/choose-the-right-image-format" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/choose-the-right-image-format" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/choose-the-right-image-format" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose the right image format</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/compress-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/compress-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/compress-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose the correct level of compression</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/use-imagemin-to-compress-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/use-imagemin-to-compress-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/use-imagemin-to-compress-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Imagemin to compress images</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/replace-gifs-with-videos" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/replace-gifs-with-videos" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/replace-gifs-with-videos" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Replace animated GIFs with video for faster page loads</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/serve-responsive-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/serve-responsive-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/serve-responsive-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Serve responsive images</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/serve-images-with-correct-dimensions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/serve-images-with-correct-dimensions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/serve-images-with-correct-dimensions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Serve images with correct dimensions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/serve-images-webp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/serve-images-webp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/serve-images-webp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use WebP images</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/image-cdns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/image-cdns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/image-cdns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use image CDNs to optimize images</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Lazy-load images and video</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/browser-level-image-lazy-loading" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/browser-level-image-lazy-loading" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/browser-level-image-lazy-loading" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Browser-level image lazy loading for the web</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize web fonts</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/font-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/font-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/font-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for fonts</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/avoid-invisible-text" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/avoid-invisible-text" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/avoid-invisible-text" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Avoid invisible text during font loading</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-webfont-loading" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-webfont-loading" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-webfont-loading" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize web font loading and rendering</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/reduce-webfont-size" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/reduce-webfont-size" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/reduce-webfont-size" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce web font size</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize your CSS</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/defer-non-critical-css" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/defer-non-critical-css" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/defer-non-critical-css" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Defer non-critical CSS</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/minify-css" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/minify-css" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/minify-css" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Minify CSS</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/extract-critical-css" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/extract-critical-css" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/extract-critical-css" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extract critical CSS</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-css-background-images-with-media-queries" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-css-background-images-with-media-queries" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-css-background-images-with-media-queries" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize CSS background images with media queries</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize your third-party resources</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/third-party-javascript" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/third-party-javascript" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/third-party-javascript" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Third-party JavaScript performance</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/identify-slow-third-party-javascript" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/identify-slow-third-party-javascript" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/identify-slow-third-party-javascript" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Identify slow third-party JavaScript</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/efficiently-load-third-party-javascript" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/efficiently-load-third-party-javascript" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/efficiently-load-third-party-javascript" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Efficiently load third-party JavaScript</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/tag-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/tag-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/tag-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for tags and tag managers</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize your JavaScript</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-long-tasks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-long-tasks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-long-tasks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize long tasks</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/optimize-inp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/optimize-inp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/optimize-inp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Interaction to Next Paint</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/apply-instant-loading-with-prpl" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/apply-instant-loading-with-prpl" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/apply-instant-loading-with-prpl" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply instant loading with the PRPL pattern</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/reduce-javascript-payloads-with-code-splitting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/reduce-javascript-payloads-with-code-splitting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/reduce-javascript-payloads-with-code-splitting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce JavaScript payloads with code splitting</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/remove-unused-code" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/remove-unused-code" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/remove-unused-code" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remove unused code</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/reduce-network-payloads-using-text-compression" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/reduce-network-payloads-using-text-compression" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/reduce-network-payloads-using-text-compression" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Minify and compress network payloads</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/serve-modern-code-to-modern-browsers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/serve-modern-code-to-modern-browsers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/serve-modern-code-to-modern-browsers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Serve modern code to modern browsers for faster page loads</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/publish-modern-javascript" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/publish-modern-javascript" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/publish-modern-javascript" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Publish, ship, and install modern JavaScript for faster applications</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/commonjs-larger-bundles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/commonjs-larger-bundles" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/commonjs-larger-bundles" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How CommonJS is making your bundles larger</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build a performance culture</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/value-of-speed" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/value-of-speed" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/value-of-speed" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>The value of speed</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/how-can-performance-improve-conversion" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/how-can-performance-improve-conversion" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/how-can-performance-improve-conversion" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How can performance improve conversion?</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/what-should-you-measure-to-improve-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/what-should-you-measure-to-improve-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/what-should-you-measure-to-improve-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What should you measure to improve performance?</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/fixing-website-speed-cross-functionally" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/fixing-website-speed-cross-functionally" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/fixing-website-speed-cross-functionally" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fixing website speed cross-functionally</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/site-speed-and-business-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/site-speed-and-business-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/site-speed-and-business-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Relating site speed and business metrics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set performance budgets</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/performance-budgets-101" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/performance-budgets-101" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/performance-budgets-101" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance budgets 101</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/your-first-performance-budget" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/your-first-performance-budget" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/your-first-performance-budget" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Your first performance budget</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/incorporate-performance-budgets-into-your-build-tools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/incorporate-performance-budgets-into-your-build-tools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/incorporate-performance-budgets-into-your-build-tools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Incorporate performance budgets into your build process</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/use-lighthouse-for-performance-budgets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/use-lighthouse-for-performance-budgets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/use-lighthouse-for-performance-budgets" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Lighthouse for performance budgets</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/using-bundlesize-with-travis-ci" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/using-bundlesize-with-travis-ci" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/using-bundlesize-with-travis-ci" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Using bundlesize with Travis CI</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/using-lighthouse-bot-to-set-a-performance-budget" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/using-lighthouse-bot-to-set-a-performance-budget" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/using-lighthouse-bot-to-set-a-performance-budget" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Using Lighthouse Bot to set a performance budget</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/articles/lighthouse-ci" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /articles/lighthouse-ci" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/articles/lighthouse-ci" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance monitoring with Lighthouse CI</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-sidebar > <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars ></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://web.dev/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Home </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.dev/articles" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Articles" > Articles </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.dev/explore" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Explore </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/fast" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="4" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="4" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Fast load times </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> The value of speed </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>Show stakeholders how site speed improvements can increase revenue.</p> <p> <div class="wd-authors" translate="no"> <div class="wd-author"> <img class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon" alt="Lina Hansson" src="https://web.dev/images/authors/linahansson.jpg" decoding="async" height="64" loading="lazy" width="64"> <div> <span> Lina Hansson </span> <div class="wd-author__links"> <a href="https://twitter.com/LinaCHansson" aria-label="Lina Hansson on X" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 300 271"> <title>X</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="m236 0h46l-101 115 118 156h-92.6l-72.5-94.8-83 94.8h-46l107-123-113-148h94.9l65.5 86.6zm-16.1 244h25.5l-165-218h-27.4z"></path> </svg></a> <a href="https://digies.se" aria-label="Lina Hansson's homepage" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 30 30"> <title>Homepage</title> <circle cx="14.5" cy="14.5" r="13.5" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" /> <ellipse cx="14.5" cy="14.5" rx="6.1" ry="13.5" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" /> <path d="M1.6 9.6h25.8M1.6 19.4h25.8" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" /> </svg></a> </div> </div> </div> </div></p> <p>After a lot of hard work, you've done it. You've made your company's site noticeably faster. Now it's time for the fun part: showing stakeholders how much extra revenue your work has generated!</p> <p>In this post we'll walk through how to do that by calculating the <em>relative mobile conversion</em> rate. This metric is useful because it quantifies the effects of site improvements while excluding external factors like marketing campaigns, which can obscure your findings. Let's get started!</p> <h2 id="relative_mobile_conversion_rate_rel_mcvr" data-text="Relative Mobile Conversion Rate (Rel mCvR)" tabindex="-1">Relative Mobile Conversion Rate (Rel mCvR)</h2> <p>A site's conversion rate can be influenced by site characteristics— like speed and usability—and by external factors—like marketing campaigns, seasonal events, and the mix of marketing channels.</p> <aside class="note"><b>Note: </b> A <em>conversion</em> happens when a site visitor becomes a customer. What counts as a conversion will vary depending on the nature of the site. Buying a product, subscribing to a service, registering as a user, or even just viewing a particular page could be considered a conversion. Check with your marketing team if you're not sure how conversions are counted in your company. </aside> <p>Since you're interested in how site speed affects conversions, the mobile site is most relevant— that's where you're most likely to see the benefits of speed improvements. Rather than looking at the mobile conversion rate alone, though, you'll be analyzing the <em>relative</em> mobile conversion rate (Rel mCvR), which is calculated by dividing the mobile conversion rate by the desktop conversion rate. This approach reduces the noise from external factors, which tend to affect both desktop and mobile, and makes it easier to see whether any increases in the mobile site's effectiveness were actually caused by the speed improvements.</p> <p><img src="/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f.jpg" alt="Table showing comparison of mobile/desktop conversion rate and relative mobile conversion rate" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_36.jpg 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_48.jpg 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_72.jpg 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_96.jpg 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_480.jpg 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_720.jpg 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_856.jpg 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_960.jpg 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_1440.jpg 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_1920.jpg 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/table-showing-comparison-e28c8c15e0b5f_2880.jpg 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"></p> <aside class="caution"><b>Caution: </b> Caution: Rel mCvR is influenced not only by speed, but also by other site characteristics like usability. If other big changes were made to the site during the period you want to analyze, you won't be able to measure the effects of speed improvements on their own, but you can show the benefits of all the improvements as a group. </aside> <h2 id="doing_the_analysis" data-text="Doing the analysis" tabindex="-1">Doing the analysis</h2> <p>Make sure you have access to your site's Google Analytics, or collaborate with the analytics team. If you don't have a Google Analytics account, you can learn how to set one up at <a href="https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1008015">Get started with Analytics</a>.</p> <p><strong>Step 1:</strong> Go to Google Analytics and click <strong>Admin</strong>. Under <strong>View</strong>, choose <strong>View Settings</strong>. There, copy the View ID.</p> <p><strong>Step 2:</strong> Go to <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/13BnREVWPhIiDYdEvOSYP3ovlMggPbnRQPMTSir6y__I/edit#gid=1619071522">this spreadsheet</a> and click <strong>File</strong>, and Make a copy.</p> <p><strong>Step 3:</strong> Insert the View ID from Google Analytics into field <strong>B3</strong>, <strong>C3</strong> and <strong>D3</strong> in <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/13BnREVWPhIiDYdEvOSYP3ovlMggPbnRQPMTSir6y__I/edit#gid=1619071522">the spreadsheet</a>. If your Google Analytics has goals instead of Ecommerce Conversion Rate, change field <strong>B6</strong> and <strong>C6</strong> so that you remove <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ga:transactionsPerSession</code> and instead type in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ga:goalConversionRateAll</code> in the two fields.</p> <p><strong>Step 4:</strong> In the spreadsheet, click <strong>Add-ons</strong>, <strong>Google Analytics</strong>, and choose <strong>Run reports</strong>. Then go to the spreadsheet page Rel mCvR and see the results.</p> <p>You should now have a chart that looks something like this:</p> <p><img src="/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c.jpg" alt="Chart showing mobile load time vs relative mobile conversion rate." width="800" height="495" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_36.jpg 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_48.jpg 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_72.jpg 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_96.jpg 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_480.jpg 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_720.jpg 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_856.jpg 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_960.jpg 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_1440.jpg 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_1920.jpg 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/chart-showing-mobile-load-22fc32d49344c_2880.jpg 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"></p> <p><strong>Step 6:</strong> Using the chart, identify a period before the speed optimization (when load times were high) and a period after the speed optimization (when load times should be lower) that you want to analyze. In this example, you would compare eight weeks in Jan–Feb to eight weeks in Aug–Sept.</p> <p><strong>Step 7:</strong> In a new sheet, calculate the average load time and rel mCvR for the two periods. Then add the revenue coming from mobile visitors during the period after the speed optimization (Aug–Sept in the example). You can find revenue data in Google Analytics under the section Audience > Mobile > Overview.</p> <p><img src="/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072.jpg" alt="Screenshot: Image of table in showing revenue data" width="800" height="122" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_36.jpg 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_48.jpg 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_72.jpg 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_96.jpg 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_480.jpg 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_720.jpg 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_856.jpg 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_960.jpg 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_1440.jpg 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_1920.jpg 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-image-table-dc8e493431072_2880.jpg 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"></p> <p><strong>Step 8:</strong> Now calculate what the revenue would have been if Rel mCvR had not improved. Do this by dividing the revenue (€1,835,962) by the current Rel mCvR (51%) and multiplying by the Rel mCvR for the period before the speed optimization (42%).</p> <p><img src="/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e.jpg" alt="Screenshot: spreadsheet cells showing formula for revenue without Rel mCvR improvements" width="800" height="202" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_36.jpg 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_48.jpg 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_72.jpg 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_96.jpg 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_480.jpg 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_720.jpg 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_856.jpg 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_960.jpg 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_1440.jpg 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_1920.jpg 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-a9adbdc663c7e_2880.jpg 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"></p> <p><strong>Step 9:</strong> Subtract the revenue that the company earned from what it would have earned if Rel mCvR had not improved.</p> <p><img src="/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336.jpg" alt="Screenshot: spreadsheet cells showing extra revenue formula" width="800" height="242" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_36.jpg 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_48.jpg 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_72.jpg 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_96.jpg 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_480.jpg 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_720.jpg 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_856.jpg 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_960.jpg 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_1440.jpg 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_1920.jpg 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-ef9039002336_2880.jpg 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"></p> <p>In this example, the company earned an additional €323,993 in eight weeks thanks to Rel mCvR improving —that is, thanks to the mobile site becoming faster.</p> <p><img src="/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386.jpg" alt="Screenshot: spreadsheet cells showing extra revenue due to Rel mCvR improvements" width="800" height="242" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_36.jpg 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_48.jpg 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_72.jpg 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_96.jpg 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_480.jpg 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_720.jpg 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_856.jpg 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_960.jpg 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_1440.jpg 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_1920.jpg 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/value-of-speed/image/screenshot-spreadsheet-c-8c64849fe0386_2880.jpg 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"></p> <h2 id="things_to_consider_when_analyzing_rel_mcvr" data-text="Things to consider when analyzing Rel mCvR" tabindex="-1">Things to consider when analyzing Rel mCvR</h2> <p>As noted above, other changes to the site, such as UX improvements, can influence Rel mCvR.</p> <ul> <li>Check that speed was the only big change to the site during the period you want to study. If there were other changes, Rel mCvR can tell you the effect of the changes as a group, but not of an individual change.</li> <li>Watch out for any changes or events that affected the desktop site but not the mobile site —they can skew your results. If you discover any desktop-only changes, omit the affected period from your analysis.</li> <li>You might wonder whether an increase in Rel mCvR is caused by a shift in conversions from desktop to mobile rather than an increase in conversions overall. While there is likely to be some change in the mix of desktop and mobile conversions due to speed improvements, keep in mind that Rel mCvR calculates the mobile conversion rate relative to the desktop conversion rate. So, you only see an increase in Rel mCvR when mCvR goes up more than dCvR. In other words, when doing this calculation you're already counting low, which means you have a safety margin that can compensate for any shifts in the channel mix.</li> </ul> <h2 id="summing_up" data-text="Summing up" tabindex="-1">Summing up</h2> <p>While it has some limitations, Rel mCvR is a great low-cost way to estimate how much a speed optimization increased revenue without, for example, having to run server-side or slow-down tests. And quantifying the relationship between performance and revenue can help you demonstrate the value of development projects whose benefits might not be immediately clear to non-technical stakeholders.</p> <h2 id="next_steps" data-text="Next steps" tabindex="-1">Next steps</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/articles/discover-performance-opportunities-with-lighthouse">Discover performance opportunities with Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/articles/performance-budgets-101">Performance budgets 101</a></li> </ul> <p><em>Aircraft instrument panel image by <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/MHIw0nSxCR4">Arie Wubben</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/">Unsplash</a></em></p> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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