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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Historical figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s_storyline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s_storyline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1990s storyline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s_storyline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Both_storylines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Both_storylines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Both storylines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Both_storylines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Technical content</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_content-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical content subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cryptography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryptography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cryptography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryptography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pontifex_Cipher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pontifex_Cipher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Pontifex Cipher</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pontifex_Cipher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-One-time_pad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One-time_pad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>One-time pad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One-time_pad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Finux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Other technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allusions_and_references_from_other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allusions_and_references_from_other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Allusions and references from other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allusions_and_references_from_other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_significance_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_significance_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literary significance and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_significance_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cyphernomicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyphernomicon">Cyphernomicon</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Cryptonomicon <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cryptonomicon&rft.author=%5B%5BNeal+Stephenson%5D%5D&rft.date=1999&rft.pub=%5B%5BAvon+%28publishers%29%7CAvon%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=918+%28first+edition+hardcover%29&rft_id=info:oclcnum/40631785"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cryptonomicon(1stEd).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Cryptonomicon%281stEd%29.jpg/200px-Cryptonomicon%281stEd%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/93/Cryptonomicon%281stEd%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="378" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of first edition (hardcover)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avon_(publishers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avon (publishers)">Avon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Hardcover (first edition)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">918 (first edition hardcover)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40631785">40631785</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">813/.54 21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">PS3569.T3868 C79 1999</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Cryptonomicon</b></i> is a 1999 novel by American author <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a>, set in two different time periods. One group of characters are World War II–era <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> <a href="/wiki/Cryptographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptographer">codebreakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Controlling_Section" title="London Controlling Section">tactical-deception</a> operatives affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Government_Code_and_Cypher_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Code and Cypher School">Government Code and Cypher School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a> (UK), and disillusioned <a href="/wiki/Axis_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis power">Axis</a> military and intelligence figures. The second narrative is set in the late 1990s, with characters that are (in part) descendants of those of the earlier time period, who employ cryptologic, telecom, and computer technology to build an underground <a href="/wiki/Data_haven" title="Data haven">data haven</a> in the fictional Sultanate of Kinakuta. Their goal is to facilitate anonymous Internet banking using <a href="/wiki/Electronic_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic money">electronic money</a> and (later) <a href="/wiki/Digital_gold_currency" title="Digital gold currency">digital gold currency</a>, with a long-term objective to distribute Holocaust Education and Avoidance Pod (HEAP) media for instructing <a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history#1951_to_2000" title="Genocides in history">genocide-target populations</a> on defensive warfare. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genre_and_subject_matter">Genre and subject matter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genre and subject matter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Cryptonomicon</i> is closer to the <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a> of <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical fiction</a> and contemporary <a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">techno-thriller</a> than to the science fiction of Stephenson's two previous novels, <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a></i>. It features fictionalized characterizations of such historical figures as <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, as well as some highly technical and detailed descriptions of modern cryptography and information security, with discussions of <a href="/wiki/Prime_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime numbers">prime numbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modular_arithmetic" title="Modular arithmetic">modular arithmetic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Van_Eck_phreaking" title="Van Eck phreaking">Van Eck phreaking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Title">Title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Stephenson, the title is a play on <i><a href="/wiki/Necronomicon" title="Necronomicon">Necronomicon</a></i>, the title of a book mentioned in the stories of horror writer <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I wanted to give it a title a 17th-century book by a scholar would be likely to have. And that's how I came up with <i>Cryptonomicon</i>. I've heard the word <i>Necronomicon</i> bounced around. I haven't actually read the Lovecraft books, but clearly it's formed by analogy to that.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The novel's Cryptonomicon, described as a "cryptographer's bible", is a <a href="/wiki/Fictional_book" title="Fictional book">fictional book</a> summarizing America's knowledge of cryptography and <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalysis" title="Cryptanalysis">cryptanalysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Begun by <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkins" title="John Wilkins">John Wilkins</a> (the Cryptonomicon is mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Quicksilver_(novel)" title="Quicksilver (novel)">Quicksilver</a></i>) and amended over time by <a href="/wiki/William_Friedman" class="mw-redirect" title="William Friedman">William Friedman</a>, Lawrence Waterhouse, and others, the Cryptonomicon is described by Katherine Hayles as "a kind of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kabala" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:kabala">Kabala</a> created by a Brotherhood of Code that stretches across centuries. To know its contents is to qualify as a <a href="/wiki/Morlock" title="Morlock">Morlock</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Eloi" title="Eloi">Eloi</a>, and the elite among the elite are those gifted enough actually to contribute to it."<sup id="cite_ref-Hayles2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayles2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The action takes place in two periods—<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the late 1990s, during the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Internet boom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a>. </p><p>In 1942, Lawrence Pritchard Waterhouse, a young <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> code breaker and mathematical <a href="/wiki/Savant" class="mw-redirect" title="Savant">savant</a>, is assigned to the newly formed joint British and American Detachment 2702. This ultra-secret unit's role is to hide the fact that Allied intelligence has cracked the German <a href="/wiki/Enigma_machine" title="Enigma machine">Enigma</a> code. The detachment stages events, often behind enemy lines, that provide alternative explanations for the Allied intelligence successes. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marine">United States Marine</a> sergeant Bobby Shaftoe, a veteran of <a href="/wiki/China_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="China Marine">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalcanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>, serves in unit 2702, carrying out Waterhouse's plans. At the same time, Japanese soldiers, including mining engineer Goto Dengo, a "friendly enemy" of Shaftoe's, are assigned to build a mysterious bunker in the mountains in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> as part of what turns out to be a literal suicide mission. </p><p>Circa 1997, Randy Waterhouse (Lawrence's grandson) joins his old <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing game</a> companion Avi Halaby in a new <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup</a>, providing <a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a>-grams (inexpensive, non-real-time video messages) to migrant <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipinos</a> via new fiber-optic cables. The <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">Epiphyte</a> Corporation uses this income stream to fund the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Data_haven" title="Data haven">data haven</a> in the nearby fictional Sultanate of Kinakuta. <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> veteran Doug Shaftoe, the son of Bobby Shaftoe, and his daughter Amy do the undersea surveying for the cables and engineering work on the haven, which is overseen by Goto Furudenendu, heir-apparent to Goto Engineering. Complications arise as figures from the past reappear seeking gold or revenge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_storyline">World War II storyline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II storyline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fictional_characters">Fictional characters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fictional characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sgt. Robert "Bobby" Shaftoe, a <a href="/wiki/Gung-ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gung-ho">gung-ho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a>-writing <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">Raider</a>.</li> <li>Lawrence Pritchard Waterhouse, an American cryptographer/mathematician serving as an officer in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, although he is known to wear an Army uniform if the situation calls for it.</li> <li>Günter Bischoff, a <a href="/wiki/Kapit%C3%A4nleutnant" title="Kapitänleutnant">Kapitänleutnant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a>, who commands a <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> for much of the story, and later takes command of a new, advanced submarine <a href="/wiki/Air-independent_propulsion" title="Air-independent propulsion">fueled with hydrogen peroxide</a>.</li> <li>Rudolf "Rudy" von Hacklheber, a non-Nazi German mathematician and cryptographer, who spent time attending <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, where he had a romantic relationship with Alan Turing and befriended Waterhouse. He seems to know more about the mysterious <a href="/wiki/Societas_Eruditorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Societas Eruditorum">Societas Eruditorum</a> than any non-member.</li> <li>Earl Comstock, a former <a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM#1925–1949:_IBM's_early_growth" title="History of IBM">Electrical Till Corp.</a> executive and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army</a> officer, who eventually founds the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> and becomes a key policy maker for <a href="/wiki/McNamara_Taylor_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="McNamara Taylor mission">US involvement</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Indochina_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Indochina War">Second Indochina War</a>.</li> <li>Julieta Kivistik, a Finnish woman who assists some of the World War II characters when they find themselves stranded in Sweden, and who later gives birth to a baby boy (Günter Enoch Bobby Kivistik) whose paternity is uncertain.</li> <li>“Uncle” Otto Kivistik, Julieta's uncle, who runs a successful smuggling ring between neutral Sweden, Finland, and the USSR during World War II.</li> <li>Mary cCmndhd (pronounced "Skuhmithid" and anglicized as "Smith"), a member of a Qwghlmian immigrant community living in Australia, who catches the attention of Lawrence Waterhouse while he is stationed in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>.</li> <li>Glory Altamira, a nursing student and Bobby Shaftoe's Filipina lover. She becomes a member of the Philippine resistance movement during the Japanese occupation. Mother of Douglas MacArthur Shaftoe.</li> <li>Karl Beck, Bischoff's executive officer. He temporarily relieves his captain of command for an alleged mental breakdown (during which time he captures Shaftoe and Root) but later relinquishes command back to Bischoff after their entire crew is deemed expendable by their superiors.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_figures">Historical figures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historical figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fictionalized versions of several historical figures appear in the World War II storyline: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, the cryptographer and computer scientist, is a colleague and friend of Lawrence Waterhouse and sometime lover of Rudy von Hacklheber.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, the famed U.S. Army general, who takes a central role toward the end of the World War II timeline.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Admiral">Großadmiral</a> of the Kriegsmarine, is never actually seen as a character but issues orders to his U-boats, including the one captained by Bischoff. Bischoff threatens to reveal information about <a href="/wiki/Nazi_gold" title="Nazi gold">hidden war gold</a> unless Dönitz rescinds an order to sink his submarine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>, who appears extensively in the recollections of Rudy von Hacklheber as Rudy recounts how Göring tried recruiting him as a cryptographer for the Nazis: Rudy delivers an intentionally weakened system, reserving the full system for the use of the conspiracy among the characters to locate hidden gold.</li> <li>Future United States President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan#Military_service" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> is depicted during his wartime service as an officer in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">U.S. Army Air Corps</a> Public Relations branch's 1st Motion Picture Unit. He attempts to film an interview with the recuperating and morphine-addled Bobby Shaftoe, who spoils the production with his account of a giant lizard attack and his harsh criticism of General MacArthur.</li> <li>Admiral <a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a>'s 1943 death at the hands of U.S. Army fighter aircraft during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vengeance" title="Operation Vengeance">Operation Vengeance</a> over Bougainville Island fills an entire chapter. During his fateful flight, the Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Japanese Imperial Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Combined_Fleet" title="Combined Fleet">Combined Fleet</a> reflects upon the failures and hubris of his <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Army</a> counterparts, who persistently underestimate the cunning and ferocity of their Allied opponents in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theatre of Operations</a>. As his damaged transport plane completes its terminal descent, Yamamoto realizes that all of the Japanese military codes have been broken, which explains why he is "on fire and hurtling through the jungle at a hundred miles per hour in a chair, closely pursued by tons of flaming junk."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> brushes off a young Lawrence Waterhouse's request for advice. During his year of undergraduate study at Princeton, Waterhouse periodically wanders the halls of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, randomly asking mathematicians (whose names he never remembers) for advice on how to make intricate calculations for his "sprocket question," which is how he eventually meets Turing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_7950_Harvest" title="IBM 7950 Harvest">Harvest</a>, an early <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputer</a> built by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> (known as "ETC" or "Electrical Till Corp." in the novel) for the National Security Agency for cryptanalysis. The fictionalized Harvest became operational in the early 1950s, under the supervision of Earl Comstock, while the actual system was installed in 1962.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s_storyline">1990s storyline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1990s storyline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The precise date of this storyline is not established, but the ages of characters, the technologies described, and certain date-specific references suggest that it is set in the late 1990s, at the time of the internet boom and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a>. </p> <ul><li>Randall "Randy" Lawrence Waterhouse, eldest grandson of Lawrence and Mary Waterhouse (née cCmndhd) and an expert <a href="/wiki/System_administrator" title="System administrator">systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_administrator" title="Network administrator">network administrator</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">Epiphyte</a>(2) corporation. He is mentioned in Stephenson's 2019 novel <i>Fall,</i> in which he has amassed a fortune that led to the creation of a charitable Foundation bearing his name.</li> <li>Avi "Avid" Halaby, Randy's business partner in Epiphyte(2), of which he is the CEO. He is descended on his mother's side from <a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew#New_Mexico.27s_Crypto-Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Who is a Jew">New Mexican Crypto-Jews</a>, which detail, while seemingly included as a pun, is explored further in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baroque_Cycle" title="The Baroque Cycle">The Baroque Cycle</a></i>. Avi is obsessed with using technology to prevent future genocides, namely by creating a handbook of basic technology and defense practices. His nickname Avid comes from his love of role playing games.</li> <li>America "Amy" Shaftoe, Doug Shaftoe's daughter (and Bobby Shaftoe's granddaughter) who has moved from the U.S. to live with Doug in the Philippines, and who becomes Randy's love interest.</li> <li>Dr. Hubert Kepler, a.k.a. "The Dentist," predatory billionaire investment fund manager, Randy and Avi's business rival.</li> <li>Eberhard Föhr, a member of Epiphyte(2) and an expert in <a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">biometrics</a>.</li> <li>John Cantrell, a member of Epiphyte(2), a <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> who is an expert in cryptography and who wrote the fictional cryptography program Ordo.</li> <li>Tom Howard, a member of Epiphyte(2), a libertarian and <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a> enthusiast who is an expert in large computer installations.</li> <li>Beryl Hagen, <a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">chief financial officer</a> of Epiphyte(2) and veteran of a dozen startups.</li> <li>Charlene, a liberal arts academic and Randy's girlfriend at the beginning of the novel, who later moves to New Haven, Connecticut, to live and work with Dr. G.E.B. (Günter Enoch Bobby) Kivistik.</li> <li>Andrew Loeb, a former friend and now Randy's enemy, a <a href="/wiki/Survivalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Survivalist">survivalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Luddite" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Luddite">neo-Luddite</a> whose lawsuits destroyed Randy and Avi's first start-up, and who at the time of the novel works as a lawyer for Hubert Kepler. He is referred to by Randy as "<a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a>," comparing him to that character in the novels of <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Both_storylines">Both storylines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Both storylines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Goto Dengo, a lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> and a mining engineer involved in an Axis project to <a href="/wiki/Yamashita%27s_gold" title="Yamashita's gold">bury looted gold</a> in the Philippines. In the present-day storyline, he is a semi-retired chief executive of a large Japanese construction company, Goto Engineering.</li> <li>Enoch Root, a mysterious, seemingly ageless former Catholic priest and physician, serving as a coast-watcher with the <a href="/wiki/ANZAC" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZAC">ANZACs</a> during World War II, later a chaplain in the top-secret British-American "Unit 2702," and an important figure in the equally mysterious <i><a href="/wiki/Societas_Eruditorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Societas Eruditorum">Societas Eruditorum</a></i>. He first appears on a <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> beach to save a badly injured Bobby Shaftoe. Hints about his longevity emerge when Root is critically injured in Norrsbruk, Sweden, and is wed to Julieta Kivistik on his "death bed" so that she and her unborn child can obtain British citizenship. Root is officially pronounced dead, but is slipped away, rapidly recovering after a mysterious therapeutic agent is obtained from his antique cigar box. He turns up in Manila later in 1944 and goes on to spend part of the 1950s with the National Security Agency and, by the 1990s, has been based mostly in the Philippines as a Catholic lay-worker while "gadding about trying to bring Internet stuff to China." Root also appears in Stephenson's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baroque_Cycle" title="The Baroque Cycle">The Baroque Cycle</a></i>, which is set between 1655 and 1714, and in his 2019 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Fall;_or,_Dodge_in_Hell" title="Fall; or, Dodge in Hell">Fall; or, Dodge in Hell</a>,</i> including a chapter set in late 21st-century Seattle.</li> <li>Mr. Wing, a wartime northern Chinese slave of the Japanese in the Philippines, who went on to become a general in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">Chinese army</a> and later a senior official in the <a href="/wiki/State_Grid_Corporation_of_China" title="State Grid Corporation of China">State Grid Corporation of China</a>. Described by Enoch Root as a "wily survivor of many <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army#People.27s_Liberation_Army_in_the_Cultural_Revolution" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">purges</a>," Wing is one of only two other survivors (along with Goto Dengo and a Filipino worker named Bong) of the Japanese gold burial project, and he competes with Goto and Epiphyte(2) to recover the buried treasure. Although Root and Wing do not meet during the action of the novel, Randy reflects that "it is hard not to get the idea that Enoch Root and General Wing may have other reasons to be pissed off at each other."</li> <li>Douglas (Doug) MacArthur Shaftoe, son of Bobby Shaftoe and Glory Altamira, is introduced near the end of the World War II storyline as a toddler during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Liberation of Manila</a>, when he first meets his father, who tries to explain Shaftoe family heritage, including their enthusiasm for "displaying adaptability." In the modern-day story line, Doug is a retired U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/SEAL" class="mw-redirect" title="SEAL">SEAL</a> officer and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Naval_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Naval Academy">Annapolis</a> graduate, who lives in the Philippines and operates Semper Marine Services, an underwater survey business with his daughter, Amy, conducting treasure hunts as a sideline.</li> <li>Dr. Günter Enoch Bobby "G.E.B." Kivistik is introduced in the modern storyline as a smug, Oxford-educated liberal-arts professor from Yale who recruits, and later seduces, Randy Waterhouse's girlfriend, Charlene. In the World War II storyline he is the unborn son of Julieta Kivistik and one of three possible fathers (hence his unusual name) including Günter Bischoff, Enoch Root and Bobby Shaftoe. He is a minor character in <i>Cryptonomicon</i>, but both his [impending] birth and his participation in Charlene's "War as Text" conference catalyze major plot developments.</li> <li>Mary cCmndhd Waterhouse, Randy's Australian-born, Qwghlmian grandmother and Lawrence's wife.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_content">Technical content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Technical content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portions of <i>Cryptonomicon</i> contain large amounts of exposition. Several pages are spent explaining in detail some of the concepts behind cryptography and data storage security, including a description of <a href="/wiki/Van_Eck_phreaking" title="Van Eck phreaking">Van Eck phreaking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryptography">Cryptography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cryptography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pontifex_Cipher">Pontifex Cipher</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pontifex Cipher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the book, a playing-card based cipher called Pontifex is used. At Stephenson's request, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Schneier" title="Bruce Schneier">Bruce Schneier</a> developed such a cipher, calling it <a href="/wiki/Solitaire_(cipher)" title="Solitaire (cipher)">Solitaire</a>, and a precise description of Solitaire is included as an appendix. Solitaire was cryptanalyzed in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="One-time_pad">One-time pad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: One-time pad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several of the characters in the book communicate with each other through the use of <a href="/wiki/One-time_pad" title="One-time pad">one-time pads</a>. A one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that requires a single-use pre-shared key of at least the same length as the encrypted message. </p><p>The story posits a variation of the OTP technique wherein there is no pre-shared key - the key is instead generated algorithmically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finux">Finux</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Finux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He also describes computers using a fictional operating system, Finux. The name is a thinly veiled reference to <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, a kernel originally written by the Finnish native <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a>. Stephenson changed the name so as not to be creatively constrained by the technical details of Linux-based operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_technology">Other technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_lamp#Carbon_arc_lamp" title="Arc lamp">Carbon arc lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_battery#Dun_cell" title="History of the battery">The Dun improved galvanic element</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delay-line_memory#Mercury_delay_lines" title="Delay-line memory">Mercury acoustic delay-line computer memory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allusions_and_references_from_other_works">Allusions and references from other works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Allusions and references from other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An excerpt from <i>Cryptonomicon</i> was originally published in the short story collection <i><a href="/wiki/Disco_2000_(anthology)" title="Disco 2000 (anthology)">Disco 2000</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Champion_(journalist)" title="Sarah Champion (journalist)">Sarah Champion</a> and published in 1998. Stephenson's subsequent work, a trio of novels dubbed <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baroque_Cycle" title="The Baroque Cycle">The Baroque Cycle</a></i>, provides part of the deep backstory to the characters and events featured in <i>Cryptonomicon</i>. Set in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the novels feature ancestors of several characters in <i>Cryptonomicon</i>, as well as events and objects which affect the action of the later-set book. The subtext implies the existence of secret societies or conspiracies, and familial tendencies and groupings found within those darker worlds. </p><p>The short story "<a href="/wiki/Jipi_and_the_Paranoid_Chip" title="Jipi and the Paranoid Chip">Jipi and the Paranoid Chip</a>" takes place some time after the events of <i>Cryptonomicon</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the story, the construction of the Crypt has triggered economic growth in Manila and Kinakuta, in which Goto Engineering, and Homa/Homer Goto, a Goto family heir, are involved. The IDTRO ("Black Chamber") is also mentioned. </p><p>Stephenson's 2019 novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Fall;_or,_Dodge_in_Hell" title="Fall; or, Dodge in Hell">Fall; or, Dodge in Hell</a></i>, a sequel to <i><a href="/wiki/Reamde" title="Reamde">Reamde</a></i> (2011), reveals that <i>Fall</i>, <i>Reamde</i>, <i>Cryptonomicon</i> and <i>The Baroque Cycle</i> are all set in the same <a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">fictional universe</a>, with references to the Waterhouse, Shaftoe and Hacklheber families, as well as Societas Eruditorum and Epiphyte Corporation. Two "Wise" entities from <i>The Baroque Cycle</i> also appear in <i>Fall,</i> including Enoch Root. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a> states in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Zero_to_One" title="Zero to One">Zero to One</a></i> that <i>Cryptonomicon</i> was required reading during the early days of <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_significance_and_criticism">Literary significance and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Literary significance and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cryptonomicon" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Cryptonomicon">Cryptonomicon</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <p>According to critic <a href="/wiki/Jay_Clayton_(critic)" title="Jay Clayton (critic)">Jay Clayton</a>, the book is written for a technical or <a href="/wiki/Geek" title="Geek">geek</a> audience.<sup id="cite_ref-Clayton2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clayton2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the technical detail, the book drew praise from both Stephenson's science fiction fan base and literary critics and buyers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Clayton's book <i>Charles Dickens in Cyberspace: The Afterlife of the Nineteenth Century in Postmodern Culture</i> (2003), he calls Stephenson's book the "ultimate geek novel" and draws attention to the "literary-scientific-engineering-military-industrial-intelligence alliance" that produced discoveries in two eras separated by fifty years, World War II and the Internet age.<sup id="cite_ref-Clayton2006_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clayton2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a> included the book on its list of "10 Science Fiction Novels You Pretend to Have Read".<sup id="cite_ref-io9ten_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-io9ten-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Hugo Award for Best Novel</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Nominated<sup id="cite_ref-WWE-2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWE-2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Arthur C. Clarke Award</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Nominated<sup id="cite_ref-WWE-2000_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWE-2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Won<sup id="cite_ref-WWE-2000_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWE-2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mir_Fantastiki" title="Mir Fantastiki">Mir Fantastiki</a></i> Award for Best Foreign Sci-Fi Novel </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>Won<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Hall_of_Fame_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Prometheus Hall of Fame Award">Prometheus Hall of Fame Award</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Won<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-97346-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-97346-4">0-380-97346-4</a> : Hardcover (1999)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-78862-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-78862-4">0-380-78862-4</a> : Paperback (2000)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57453-470-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-57453-470-X">1-57453-470-X</a> : Audio Cassette (abridged) (2001)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-051280-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-051280-6">0-06-051280-6</a> : Mass Market Paperback (2002)</li> <li>E-book editions for Adobe Reader, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a>, Barnes and Noble Nook, <a href="/wiki/Kobo_eReader" title="Kobo eReader">Kobo eReader</a>, and Microsoft Reader</li> <li>Unabridged audio download from <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Audible.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Audible.com">Audible.com</a></li> <li>Translations into other languages: Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Russian, Spanish. The Danish, French, and Spanish translations divide the book into three volumes. The Japanese translation divides the book into four volumes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-413" title="German submarine U-413"><i>U-413</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-553" title="German submarine U-553"><i>U-553</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-691" title="German submarine U-691"><i>U-691</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Drum_(El_Fraile_Island)#El_Fraile_in_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Drum (El Fraile Island)">Fort Drum (Manila Bay)</a>, the "concrete battleship"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptocurrencies">Cryptocurrencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mincemeat" title="Operation Mincemeat">Operation Mincemeat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptonomicon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/1999/Issues/08/Stephenson.html">"Neal Stephenson: Cryptomancer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a></i>, August 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungquist2012" class="citation journal cs1">Youngquist, Paul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/483327">"Cyberpunk, War, and Money: Neal Stephenson's Cryptonomicon"</a>. <i>Contemporary Literature</i>. <b>53</b> (2): 319–347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcli.2012.0011">10.1353/cli.2012.0011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1548-9949">1548-9949</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163021465">163021465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Literature&rft.atitle=Cyberpunk%2C+War%2C+and+Money%3A+Neal+Stephenson%27s+Cryptonomicon&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=319-347&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163021465%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1548-9949&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcli.2012.0011&rft.aulast=Youngquist&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F483327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayles2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hayles2005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._Katherine_Hayles2005" class="citation book cs1">N. Katherine Hayles (1 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lwaRyOZfBzgC&pg=PA141"><i>My mother was a computer: digital subjects and literary texts</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 140–141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-32148-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-32148-6"><bdi>978-0-226-32148-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+mother+was+a+computer%3A+digital+subjects+and+literary+texts&rft.pages=140-141&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-226-32148-6&rft.au=N.+Katherine+Hayles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlwaRyOZfBzgC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_TilborgJajodia2011" class="citation book cs1">van Tilborg, Henk C. A.; Jajodia, Sushil, eds. (2011). <i>Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security</i>. Springer reference (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-5906-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-5906-5"><bdi>978-1-4419-5906-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Cryptography+and+Security&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Springer+reference&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4419-5906-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephenson1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Stephenson, Neal</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321041328/http://corporation9592.com/Old_site.html">"Old site"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corporation9592.com/Old_site.html">the original</a> on 2015-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+site&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporation9592.com%2FOld_site.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Patent_Office1886" class="citation book cs1">United States. Patent Office (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FIFRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT80"><i>Specifications and Drawings of Patents Relating to Electricity Issued by the U. S.</i></a> pp. 80–81. <q>In the new element there can be used advantageously as exciting-liquid in the first case such solutions as have in a concentrated condition great depolarizing-power, which effect the whole depolarization chemically without necessitating the mechanical expedient of increased carbon surface. It is preferred to use iron as the positive electrode, and as exciting-liquid nitro muriatic acid, (<i>aqua regis</i>,) the mixture consisting of muriatic and nitric acids. The nitro-muriatic acid, as explained above, serves for filling both cells. For the carbon-cells it is used strong or very slightly diluted, but for the other cells very diluted, (about one-twentieth, or at the most one-tenth.) The element containing in one cell carbon and concentrated nitro-muriatic acid and in the other cell iron and dilute nitro-muriatic acid remains constant for at least twenty hours when employed for electric incandescent lighting.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Specifications+and+Drawings+of+Patents+Relating+to+Electricity+Issued+by+the+U.+S.&rft.pages=80-81&rft.date=1886&rft.au=United+States.+Patent+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFIFRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPT80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2014" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Mick (September 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/11098971/Peter-Thiel-the-billionaire-tech-entrepreneur-on-a-mission-to-cheat-death.html">"Peter Thiel: the billionaire tech entrepreneur on a mission to cheat death"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Peter+Thiel%3A+the+billionaire+tech+entrepreneur+on+a+mission+to+cheat+death&rft.date=2014-09-19&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2F11098971%2FPeter-Thiel-the-billionaire-tech-entrepreneur-on-a-mission-to-cheat-death.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clayton2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clayton2006_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clayton2006_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJay_Clayton2006" class="citation book cs1">Jay Clayton (14 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pITpzHJOqboC&pg=PA204"><i>Charles Dickens in Cyberspace: The Afterlife of the Nineteenth Century in Postmodern Culture</i></a>. Oxford University Press US. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531326-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531326-0"><bdi>978-0-19-531326-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Dickens+in+Cyberspace%3A+The+Afterlife+of+the+Nineteenth+Century+in+Postmodern+Culture&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.isbn=978-0-19-531326-0&rft.au=Jay+Clayton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpITpzHJOqboC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry1999" class="citation news cs1">Berry, Michael (1999-05-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/05/09/RV32987.DTL&hw=Cryptonomicon&sn=001&sc=1000">"900 Pages + Lots of Math = Weird Fun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=900+Pages+%2B+Lots+of+Math+%3D+Weird+Fun&rft.date=1999-05-09&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F1999%2F05%2F09%2FRV32987.DTL%26hw%3DCryptonomicon%26sn%3D001%26sc%3D1000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruinooge1999" class="citation web cs1">Bruinooge, Nathan (1999-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slashdot.org/books/99/06/23/139229.shtml">"Review:Cryptonomicon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slashdot" title="Slashdot">Slashdot</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review%3ACryptonomicon&rft.pub=Slashdot&rft.date=1999-06-23&rft.aulast=Bruinooge&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslashdot.org%2Fbooks%2F99%2F06%2F23%2F139229.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-io9ten-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-io9ten_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnders2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Jane_Anders" title="Charlie Jane Anders">Anders, Charlie Jane</a> (July 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://io9.com/5924625/10-science-fiction-novels-you-pretend-to-have-read-and-why-you-should-actually-read-them">"10 Science Fiction Novels You Pretend to Have Read (And Why You Should Actually Read Them)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=10+Science+Fiction+Novels+You+Pretend+to+Have+Read+%28And+Why+You+Should+Actually+Read+Them%29&rft.date=2012-07-10&rft.aulast=Anders&rft.aufirst=Charlie+Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.com%2F5924625%2F10-science-fiction-novels-you-pretend-to-have-read-and-why-you-should-actually-read-them&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWE-2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWE-2000_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWE-2000_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWE-2000_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=2000">"2000 Award Winners & Nominees"</a>. <i>Worlds Without End</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worlds+Without+End&rft.atitle=2000+Award+Winners+%26+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldswithoutend.com%2Fbooks_year_index.asp%3Fyear%3D2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140519090601/http://www.bibliographic.info/Le-Code-Enigma--Cryptonomicon--1-">"Le Code Enigma (Cryptonomicon #1)"</a>. Bibliographic.Info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliographic.info/Le-Code-Enigma--Cryptonomicon--1-">the original</a> on May 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Code+Enigma+%28Cryptonomicon+%231%29&rft.pub=Bibliographic.Info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibliographic.info%2FLe-Code-Enigma--Cryptonomicon--1-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACryptonomicon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lfs.org/awards.shtml">"Prometheus Awards"</a>. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neal_Stephenson" title="Template:Neal Stephenson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neal_Stephenson" title="Template talk:Neal Stephenson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neal_Stephenson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neal Stephenson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Neal_Stephenson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_U" title="The Big U">The Big U</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zodiac_(novel)" title="Zodiac (novel)">Zodiac</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cryptonomicon</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anathem" title="Anathem">Anathem</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mongoliad" title="The Mongoliad">The Mongoliad</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reamde" title="Reamde">Reamde</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seveneves" title="Seveneves">Seveneves</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_D.O.D.O." title="The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O.">The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O.</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fall;_or,_Dodge_in_Hell" title="Fall; or, Dodge in Hell">Fall; or, Dodge in Hell</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Termination_Shock_(novel)" title="Termination Shock (novel)">Termination Shock</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">as Stephen Bury</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interface_(novel)" title="Interface (novel)">Interface</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cobweb_(novel)" title="The Cobweb (novel)">The Cobweb</a></i> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baroque_Cycle" title="The Baroque Cycle">The Baroque Cycle</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quicksilver_(novel)" title="Quicksilver (novel)">Quicksilver</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confusion" title="The Confusion">The Confusion</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_System_of_the_World_(novel)" title="The System of the World (novel)">The System of the World</a></i> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomb_Light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bomb Light (page does not exist)">Bomb Light</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Polostan" title="Polostan">Polostan</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Spew_(short_story)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spew (short story)">Spew</a>" (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Great_Simoleon_Caper" title="The Great Simoleon Caper">The Great Simoleon Caper</a>" (1995)</li> <li>"Excerpt from the Third and Last Volume of <i>Tribes of the Pacific Northwest</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jipi_and_the_Paranoid_Chip" title="Jipi and the Paranoid Chip">Jipi and the Paranoid Chip</a>" (1997)</li> <li>"Atmosphæra Incognita" (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"In the Kingdom of Mao Bell" (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mother_Earth_Mother_Board" title="Mother Earth Mother Board">Mother Earth Mother Board</a>" (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Global_Neighborhood_Watch" title="Global Neighborhood Watch">Global Neighborhood Watch</a>" (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Beginning..._Was_the_Command_Line" title="In the Beginning... Was the Command Line">In the Beginning... Was the Command Line</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Some_Remarks:_Essays_and_Other_Writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Some Remarks: Essays and Other Writing">Some Remarks: Essays and Other Writing</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Locus_Award_Best_SF_Novel" title="Template:Locus Award Best SF Novel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Locus_Award_Best_SF_Novel" title="Template talk:Locus Award Best SF Novel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Locus_Award_Best_SF_Novel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Locus Award Best SF Novel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Best Science Fiction Novel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Varley_novel)" title="Titan (Varley novel)">Titan</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen_(Vinge_novel)" title="The Snow Queen (Vinge novel)">The Snow Queen</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joan_D._Vinge" title="Joan D. Vinge">Joan D. Vinge</a> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Many-Colored_Land" title="The Many-Colored Land">The Many-Colored Land</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Julian_May" title="Julian May">Julian May</a> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Startide_Rising" title="Startide Rising">Startide Rising</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Integral_Trees" title="The Integral Trees">The Integral Trees</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Postman" title="The Postman">The Postman</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speaker_for_the_Dead" title="Speaker for the Dead">Speaker for the Dead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Uplift_War" title="The Uplift War">The Uplift War </a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyteen" title="Cyteen">Cyteen</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Simmons_novel)" title="Hyperion (Simmons novel)">Hyperion</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Hyperion_(novel)" title="The Fall of Hyperion (novel)">The Fall of Hyperion</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barrayar" title="Barrayar">Barrayar</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Book_(novel)" title="Doomsday Book (novel)">Doomsday Book</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Green Mars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirror_Dance" title="Mirror Dance">Mirror Dance</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Blue Mars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_Endymion" title="The Rise of Endymion">The Rise of Endymion</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Say_Nothing_of_the_Dog" title="To Say Nothing of the Dog">To Say Nothing of the Dog</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cryptonomicon</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telling" title="The Telling">The Telling</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passage_(Willis_novel)" title="Passage (Willis novel)">Passage</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Rice_and_Salt" title="The Years of Rice and Salt">The Years of Rice and Salt</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilium_(novel)" title="Ilium (novel)">Ilium</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baroque_Cycle" title="The Baroque Cycle">The Baroque Cycle</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Accelerando" title="Accelerando">Accelerando</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stross" title="Charles Stross">Charles Stross</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rainbows_End_(Vinge_novel)" title="Rainbows End (Vinge novel)">Rainbows End</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yiddish_Policemen%27s_Union" title="The Yiddish Policemen's Union">The Yiddish Policemen's Union</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anathem" title="Anathem">Anathem</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(novel)" title="Boneshaker (novel)">Boneshaker</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Priest" title="Cherie Priest">Cherie Priest</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackout/All_Clear" title="Blackout/All Clear">Blackout/All Clear</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Embassytown" title="Embassytown">Embassytown</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/China_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="China Miéville">China Miéville</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Redshirts_(novel)" title="Redshirts (novel)">Redshirts</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abaddon%27s_Gate" title="Abaddon's Gate">Abaddon's Gate</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_S._A._Corey" title="James S. A. Corey">James S. A. Corey</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Sword" title="Ancillary Sword">Ancillary Sword</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Mercy" title="Ancillary Mercy">Ancillary Mercy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death%27s_End" title="Death's End">Death's End</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Liu_Cixin" title="Liu Cixin">Liu Cixin</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collapsing_Empire" title="The Collapsing Empire">The Collapsing Empire</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Calculating_Stars" title="The Calculating Stars">The Calculating Stars</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_in_the_Middle_of_the_Night" title="The City in the Middle of the Night">The City in the Middle of the Night</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Jane_Anders" title="Charlie Jane Anders">Charlie Jane Anders </a> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Network_Effect_(novel)" title="Network Effect (novel)">Network Effect</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Desolation_Called_Peace" title="A Desolation Called Peace">A Desolation Called Peace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Martine" title="Arkady Martine">Arkady Martine</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kaiju_Preservation_Society" title="The Kaiju Preservation Society">The Kaiju Preservation Society</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Murderbot_Diaries" title="The Murderbot Diaries">System Collapse</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a> (1971–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Best SF Novel</a> (1980–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel">Best Fantasy Novel</a> (1978–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_First_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best First Novel">Best First Novel</a> (1981–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Horror_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Horror Novel">Best Horror Novel</a> (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)</li> <li><a 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