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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Geografia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clima_e_vegetaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima_e_vegetaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Clima e vegetaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima_e_vegetaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_e_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_e_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Flora e fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_e_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Populaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Populaziun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Populaziun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Populaziun umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Populaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religiuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religiuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religiuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religiuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Linguas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Istorgia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorgia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Istorgia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istorgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avant_l’arrivada_dals_colonisaturs_europeics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avant_l’arrivada_dals_colonisaturs_europeics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Avant l’arrivada dals colonisaturs europeics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avant_l’arrivada_dals_colonisaturs_europeics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temp_colonial_ollandais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temp_colonial_ollandais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Temp colonial ollandais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temp_colonial_ollandais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19avel_tschientaner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19avel_tschientaner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>19avel tschientaner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19avel_tschientaner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20avel_tschientaner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20avel_tschientaner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>20avel tschientaner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20avel_tschientaner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fin_il_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fin_il_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Fin il 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fin_il_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suenter_il_1945,_apartheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suenter_il_1945,_apartheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Suenter il 1945, apartheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suenter_il_1945,_apartheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fin_da_l’apartheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fin_da_l’apartheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>Fin da l’apartheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fin_da_l’apartheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21avel_tschientaner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21avel_tschientaner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>21avel tschientaner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21avel_tschientaner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Politica umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constituziun_e_dretgs_da_burgais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constituziun_e_dretgs_da_burgais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Constituziun e dretgs da burgais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constituziun_e_dretgs_da_burgais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislativa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislativa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Legislativa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislativa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Executiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica_exteriura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica_exteriura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Politica exteriura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politica_exteriura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Survista_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survista_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Survista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survista_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dretg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dretg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dretg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dretg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Militar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administraziun_e_sutdivisiun_administrativa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administraziun_e_sutdivisiun_administrativa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Administraziun e sutdivisiun administrativa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administraziun_e_sutdivisiun_administrativa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Administraziun e sutdivisiun administrativa umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administraziun_e_sutdivisiun_administrativa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-En_general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>En general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinzas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinzas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Provinzas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinzas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citads_e_vischnancas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citads_e_vischnancas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Citads e vischnancas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citads_e_vischnancas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Economia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Istorgia_economica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia_economica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Istorgia economica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorgia_economica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structura_economica_e_martgà_da_lavur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structura_economica_e_martgà_da_lavur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Structura economica e martgà da lavur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structura_economica_e_martgà_da_lavur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Industria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minieras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minieras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3.1</span> <span>Minieras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minieras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ulteriuras_branschas_industrialas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulteriuras_branschas_industrialas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3.2</span> <span>Ulteriuras branschas industrialas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulteriuras_branschas_industrialas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provediment_d’energia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provediment_d’energia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3.3</span> <span>Provediment d’energia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provediment_d’energia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Agricultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turissem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turissem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Turissem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turissem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commerzi_cun_l’exteriur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerzi_cun_l’exteriur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Commerzi cun l’exteriur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerzi_cun_l’exteriur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget_statal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget_statal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Budget statal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget_statal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructura_da_traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructura_da_traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructura da traffic</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructura_da_traffic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Infrastructura da traffic umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructura_da_traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traffic_aviatic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_aviatic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Traffic aviatic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_aviatic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viafier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viafier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Viafier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viafier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_da_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_da_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Traffic da bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_da_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rait_da_vias_e_traffic_d’autos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rait_da_vias_e_traffic_d’autos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Rait da vias e traffic d’autos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rait_da_vias_e_traffic_d’autos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_da_velos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_da_velos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Traffic da velos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_da_velos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems_dal_pajais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems_dal_pajais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Problems dal pajais</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Problems_dal_pajais-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Problems dal pajais umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Problems_dal_pajais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anteriurs_homelands_e_townships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anteriurs_homelands_e_townships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Anteriurs homelands e townships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anteriurs_homelands_e_townships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Populaziun_rurala_e_persunas_senza_funs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populaziun_rurala_e_persunas_senza_funs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Populaziun rurala e persunas senza funs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Populaziun_rurala_e_persunas_senza_funs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanadad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanadad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Sanadad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanadad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminalitad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminalitad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Criminalitad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminalitad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sura_e_sut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sura_e_sut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Sura e sut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sura_e_sut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furmaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furmaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Furmaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furmaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Medias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Cultura umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Musica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_figurativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_figurativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Art figurativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_figurativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuschina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuschina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Cuschina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuschina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.5</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dis_da_festa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dis_da_festa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.6</span> <span>Dis da festa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dis_da_festa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Annotaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colliaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colliaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Colliaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colliaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Africa dal Sid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 287 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-287" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">287 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аладатәи Африка – abchasian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аладатәи Африка" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchasian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Tunong" title="Afrika Tunong – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Afrika Tunong" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8D_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Къыблэ Африкэ Республикэ – adygai" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Къыблэ Африкэ Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suid-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCdafrika" title="Südafrika – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Südafrika" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A1%E1%89%A5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB" title="ደቡብ አፍሪካ – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ደቡብ አፍሪካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_africa" title="South africa – Amisisch" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="South africa" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sudafrica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AB%C3%B0affrica" title="Sūðaffrica – englais vegl" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sūðaffrica" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="englais vegl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afirika_Osiki" title="Afirika Osiki – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Afirika Osiki" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण अफ्रीका – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="दक्षिण अफ्रीका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جنوب إفريقيا – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنوب إفريقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جنوب إفريقيا – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جنوب إفريقيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جنوب افريقيا – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جنوب افريقيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C3%A1frica" title="Sudáfrica – asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sudáfrica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geeafrika" title="Geeafrika – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Geeafrika" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99nubi_Afrika_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Cənubi Afrika Respublikası – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cənubi Afrika Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="جنوبی آفریقا – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جنوبی آفریقا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Көньяҡ Африка Республикаһы – baschkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көньяҡ Африка Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Kelod" title="Afrika Kelod – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Afrika Kelod" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidafrika" title="Sidafrika – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sidafrika" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%97it%C5%AB_Afr%C4%97kas_Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Pėitū Afrėkas Respoblėka – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pėitū Afrėkas Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habagatan_na_Aprika" title="Habagatan na Aprika – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Habagatan na Aprika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Паўднёва-Афрыканская Рэспубліка – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўднёва-Афрыканская Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Паўднёва-Афрыканская Рэспубліка – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паўднёва-Афрыканская Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprika_Kidul" title="Aprika Kidul – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Aprika Kidul" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република Южна Африка – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Република Южна Африка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्खिन अफिरका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दक्खिन अफिरका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saot_Afrika" title="Saot Afrika – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Saot Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprika_Salatan" title="Aprika Salatan – Banjaresisch" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Aprika Salatan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjaresisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worodugu_Afrika" title="Worodugu Afrika – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Worodugu Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকা – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྷོ་ཨ་ཧྥེ་རི་ཁ། – tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྷོ་ཨ་ཧྥེ་རི་ཁ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="খা আফ্রিকা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="খা আফ্রিকা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suafrika" title="Suafrika – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Suafrika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEnoafri%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Južnoafrička Republika – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Južnoafrička Republika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Урда Африка (улас) – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Урда Африка (улас)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-%C3%A0frica" title="Sud-àfrica – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sud-àfrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Sudafrica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0ng-h%C4%AD" title="Nàng-hĭ – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nàng-hĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Къилба-Африкин Республика – tschetschen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къилба-Африкин Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tschetschen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habagatang_Aprika" title="Habagatang Aprika – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Habagatang Aprika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%83%E1%8F%AE%E1%8E%AC%E1%8E%BF%E1%8E%A8%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%9B" title="ᎤᎦᏃᏮᎬᎿᎨᏍᏛ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᎦᏃᏮᎬᎿᎨᏍᏛ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27hetaneho%27e_h%C3%A1n%C3%AAs%C3%B3v%C3%B3ne" title="Mo'hetaneho'e hánêsóvóne – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mo'hetaneho'e hánêsóvóne" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ئەفریقای باشوور – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەفریقای باشوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica – cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Sudafrica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cen%C3%BCbiy_Afrika" title="Cenübiy Afrika – tirc crimean" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Cenübiy Afrika" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tirc crimean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihoafrick%C3%A1_republika" title="Jihoafrická republika – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jihoafrická republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4%C5%82niow%C3%B4_Afrika" title="Pôłniowô Afrika – kaschubic" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pôłniowô Afrika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kaschubic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Кăнтăр Африка Республики – tschuvasch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăнтăр Африка Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tschuvasch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Affrica" title="De Affrica – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="De Affrica" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sydafrika" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCdafrika" title="Südafrika – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Südafrika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paank%C9%94c_Pagu%C3%B6t_Apir%C3%AFka" title="Paankɔc Paguöt Apirïka – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Paankɔc Paguöt Apirïka" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikay_Veroci" title="Afrikay Veroci – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Afrikay Veroci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3dpo%C5%82dnjowa_Afrika" title="Pódpołdnjowa Afrika – bass sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pódpołdnjowa Afrika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bass sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%AC%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%AA_%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A7" title="ދެކުނު އެފްރިކާ – maledivic" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދެކުނު އެފްރިކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maledivic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%90%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%95%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B" title="སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyiehe_Afrika" title="Anyiehe Afrika – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Anyiehe Afrika" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Νότια Αφρική – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νότια Αφρική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCd_Africa" title="Süd Africa – Emilianisch" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Süd Africa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-Afriko" title="Sud-Afriko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sud-Afriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C3%A1frica" title="Sudáfrica – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sudáfrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5una-Aafrika_Vabariik" title="Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariik – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegoafrika" title="Hegoafrika – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hegoafrika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C3%A1frica" title="Sudáfrica – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sudáfrica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="آفریقای جنوبی – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آفریقای جنوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawdafirika" title="Sawdafirika – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Sawdafirika" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4-Afrikka" title="Etelä-Afrikka – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etelä-Afrikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5un%C3%B5-Afriga_Vabariik" title="Lõunõ-Afriga Vabariik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lõunõ-Afriga Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceva_kei_Aferika" title="Ceva kei Aferika – fidschian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ceva kei Aferika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidschian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0urafrika" title="Suðurafrika – feroais" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Suðurafrika" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud" title="Afrique du Sud – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Afrique du Sud" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_du_Mi%C3%A9-jorn" title="Africa du Mié-jorn – Frankoprovenzalisch" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Africa du Mié-jorn" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Frankoprovenzalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCdafrikoo" title="Süüdafrikoo – fris dal nord" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Süüdafrikoo" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fris dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAd-Afrika" title="Súd-Afrika – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Súd-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Afraic_Theas" title="An Afraic Theas – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Afraic Theas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%BClen_Afrika_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Üülen Afrika Respublikası – Gagausisch" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Üülen Afrika Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagausisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="南非" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafrik_di_Sid" title="Lafrik di Sid – Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lafrik di Sid" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afraga_a_Deas" title="Afraga a Deas – gaelic scot" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Afraga a Deas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C3%A1frica" title="Suráfrica – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Suráfrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvy%C3%A1frika" title="Yvyáfrika – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyáfrika" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokxin_Afrika" title="Dokxin Afrika – Goa-Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Dokxin Afrika" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa-Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰 – gotic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – Ghanaisches Pidgin-Englisch" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaisches Pidgin-Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A3_%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="દક્ષિણ આફ્રિકા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="દક્ષિણ આફ્રિકા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – Farefare" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Farefare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Affrick_Yiass" title="Yn Affrick Yiass – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Affrick Yiass" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afirka_ta_Kudu" title="Afirka ta Kudu – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Afirka ta Kudu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0m-f%C3%AE" title="Nàm-fî – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nàm-fî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBApelika_Hema" title="ʻApelika Hema – hawaian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻApelika Hema" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="דרום אפריקה – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרום אפריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण अफ़्रीका – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दक्षिण अफ़्रीका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Afrika" title="Južna Afrika – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Južna Afrika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Afrika" title="Južna Afrika – aut sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Južna Afrika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="aut sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrik_disid_(peyi)" title="Afrik disid (peyi) – creol haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Afrik disid (peyi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creol haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9l-afrikai_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Dél-afrikai Köztársaság – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dél-afrikai Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%86%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հարավաֆրիկյան Հանրապետություն – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարավաֆրիկյան Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%A1%D6%83%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հարաւափրիկեան Հանրապետութիւն – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հարաւափրիկեան Հանրապետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_del_Sud" title="Africa del Sud – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Africa del Sud" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-Africa" title="Sud-Africa – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Sud-Africa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiluli%C3%B1iq_Aprika" title="Kiluliñiq Aprika – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kiluliñiq Aprika" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abagatan_nga_Aprika" title="Abagatan nga Aprika – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Abagatan nga Aprika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B5-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="ЗӀилбухе-Африкера Республика – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЗӀилбухе-Африкера Республика" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrika" title="Sudafrika – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sudafrika" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-Afr%C3%ADka" title="Suður-Afríka – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Suður-Afríka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sudafrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="南アフリカ共和国 – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南アフリカ共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sout_Afrika" title="Sout Afrika – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sout Afrika" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanfi%27ogu%27e" title="nanfi'ogu'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nanfi'ogu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Kidul" title="Afrika Kidul – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Afrika Kidul" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="სამხრეთ აფრიკის რესპუბლიკა – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამხრეთ აფრიკის რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubla_Afrika_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Qubla Afrika Respublikası – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qubla Afrika Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafrikt_n_Wen%E1%BA%93ul" title="Tafrikt n Wenẓul – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafrikt n Wenẓul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%8D_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Ипшэ Африкэ Республикэ – kabardic" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ипшэ Африкэ Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Had%C9%9B_Ki%C5%8B" title="Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afi%CC%B1rika_A%CC%B1tak" title="Afi̱rika A̱tak – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Afi̱rika A̱tak" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubilika_ya_Afelika_ya_Sudi" title="Repubilika ya Afelika ya Sudi – kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Repubilika ya Afelika ya Sudi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%A9rika_ya_Kuthini" title="Abĩrika ya Kuthini – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Abĩrika ya Kuthini" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Оңтүстік Африка Республикасы – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оңтүстік Африка Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84" title="អាហ្វ្រិកខាងត្បូង – cambodschan" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាហ្វ្រិកខាងត្បូង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambodschan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="남아프리카 공화국 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남아프리카 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Къыбыла-Африкан Республика – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къыбыла-Африкан Республика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D9%86%D9%88%D9%97%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%82%DB%81" title="جۆنوٗبی اَفریٖقہ – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جۆنوٗبی اَفریٖقہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCdafrika" title="Südafrika – colognais" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Südafrika" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="colognais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afr%C3%AEkaya_Ba%C5%9F%C3%BBr" title="Afrîkaya Başûr – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Afrîkaya Başûr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лунвыв Африкаса Республика – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Лунвыв Африкаса Республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Dyghow" title="Afrika Dyghow – cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Afrika Dyghow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Түштүк-Африка Республикасы – kirghis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түштүк-Африка Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Australis" title="Africa Australis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Africa Australis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-Afrika" title="Sud-Afrika – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sud-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCdafrika" title="Südafrika – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Südafrika" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кьибле-Африкадин Республика – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кьибле-Африкадин Республика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sudafrica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zuid-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sudafrica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Sudafrica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCdafrica" title="Südafrica – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Südafrica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidafr%C3%ADka" title="Sidafríka – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sidafríka" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89" title="ປະເທດອາຟຣິກາໃຕ້ – laot" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອາຟຣິກາໃຕ້" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet%C5%B3_Afrikos_Respublika" title="Pietų Afrikos Respublika – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pietų Afrikos Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%ABnavydu_Afrikys_Republika" title="Dīnavydu Afrikys Republika – Lettgallisch" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Dīnavydu Afrikys Republika" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Lettgallisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienvid%C4%81frika" title="Dienvidāfrika – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dienvidāfrika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Kidul" title="Afrika Kidul – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Afrika Kidul" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Лямбеширень Африконь Республикась – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лямбеширень Африконь Республикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Atsimo" title="Afrika Atsimo – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Afrika Atsimo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кечывалвел Африка Республик – Ostmari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кечывалвел Африка Республик" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Ostmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80wherika-ki-te-tonga" title="Āwherika-ki-te-tonga – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Āwherika-ki-te-tonga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јужноафриканска Република – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јужноафриканска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="സൗത്ത് ആഫ്രിക്ക – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൗത്ത് ആഫ്രിക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Өмнөд Африк – mongolic" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Өмнөд Африк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯈꯥ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈꯥ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण आफ्रिका – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दक्षिण आफ्रिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_t%27Isfel" title="Afrika t'Isfel – maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Afrika t'Isfel" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_de_l_Sul" title="África de l Sul – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="África de l Sul" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တောင်အာဖရိကနိုင်ငံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တောင်အာဖရိကနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Лембеёнксонь-Африкань Республикась – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лембеёнксонь-Африкань Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="جنوبی آفریقا – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جنوبی آفریقا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCdafrika" title="Süüdafrika – bass tudestg" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Süüdafrika" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bass tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuud-Afrika" title="Zuud-Afrika – Niedersächsisch" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zuud-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Niedersächsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका – nepalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दक्षिण अफ्रिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuid-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sør-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sør-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud_Afrika" title="Sud Afrika – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Sud Afrika" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8A%DF%9D%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9E%DF%8C%DF%AC_%DF%A5%DF%99%DF%8F%DF%AC%DF%98%DF%8E%DF%AE" title="ߊߝߙߌߞߌ߬ ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߊߝߙߌߞߌ߬ ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isewula_Afrika" title="Isewula Afrika – ndebele dal sid" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Isewula Afrika" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="ndebele dal sid" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud" title="Afrique du Sud – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Afrique du Sud" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Borwa" title="Afrika Borwa – sotho dal nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Afrika Borwa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9yah_Naakaii_%C5%81izhinii_Bik%C3%A9yah_Sh%C3%A1di%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1hj%C3%AD_Si%CA%BC%C3%A1n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Kéyah Naakaii Łizhinii Bikéyah Shádiʼááhjí Siʼánígíí – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéyah Naakaii Łizhinii Bikéyah Shádiʼááhjí Siʼánígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afilika_ya_Kumwera" title="Afilika ya Kumwera – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Afilika ya Kumwera" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-Africa" title="Sud-Africa – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sud-Africa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvi_Afriekku" title="Suvi Afriekku – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Suvi Afriekku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaa_Kibbaa" title="Afrikaa Kibbaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afrikaa Kibbaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A3_%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE" title="ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଆଫ୍ରିକା – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଆଫ୍ରିକା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Хуссар Африкæйы Республикæ – ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуссар Африкæйы Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauling_Aprika" title="Mauling Aprika – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mauling Aprika" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Afrika" title="Sur Afrika – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sur Afrika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrike_dech_Sud" title="Afrike dech Sud – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Afrike dech Sud" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saut_Afrika" title="Saut Afrika – pidgin nigerian" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Saut Afrika" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="pidgin nigerian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudd-Afrikaa" title="Sudd-Afrikaa – Pennsylvaniadeutsch" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Sudd-Afrikaa" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniadeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण-अफ्रीका – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="दक्षिण-अफ्रीका" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowth_Afreka" title="Sowth Afreka – Pitcairn-Englisch" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Sowth Afreka" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%82udniowa_Afryka" title="Południowa Afryka – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Południowa Afryka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C3%A0frica" title="Sudàfrica – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sudàfrica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="جنوبی افریقا – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جنوبی افریقا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7" title="سوېلي افريقا – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوېلي افريقا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_do_Sul" title="África do Sul – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="África do Sul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urin_Aprika" title="Urin Aprika – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urin Aprika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_de_Sud" title="Africa de Sud – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Africa de Sud" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud_Afriche" title="Sud Afriche – Tarandíne" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Sud Afriche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarandíne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Южно-Африканская Республика – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Южно-Африканская Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Южноафрицька републіка – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Южноафрицька републіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afurika_y%E2%80%99Epfo" title="Afurika y’Epfo – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Afurika y’Epfo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण-आफ्रिका – sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="दक्षिण-आफ्रिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%95%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Соҕуруу Африка Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ – jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Соҕуруу Африка Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C3%A0frica" title="Sudàfrica – sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sudàfrica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80frica_d%C3%BB_Sud" title="Àfrica dû Sud – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Àfrica dû Sud" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooth_Africae" title="Sooth Africae – scot" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sooth Africae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8F%DA%A9%DA%BB_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7" title="ڏکڻ آفريڪا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڏکڻ آفريڪا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulli-Afrihk%C3%A1" title="Lulli-Afrihká – sami dal nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Lulli-Afrihká" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afr%C3%AEka-Mbongo" title="Afrîka-Mbongo – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Afrîka-Mbongo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEnoafri%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Južnoafrička Republika – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Južnoafrička Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%89%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢႃႇၾရိၵႃႉၸၢၼ်း – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢႃႇၾရိၵႃႉၸၢၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව – singalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEn%C3%A1_Afrika_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)" title="Južná Afrika (štát) – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Južná Afrika (štát)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Afrika" title="Južna Afrika – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Južna Afrika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aferika_i_Saute" title="Aferika i Saute – samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Aferika i Saute" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maad%C3%A2-Afrik" title="Maadâ-Afrik – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Maadâ-Afrik" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afurika_Chamhembe" title="Afurika Chamhembe – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Afurika Chamhembe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koonfur_Afrika" title="Koonfur Afrika – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Koonfur Afrika" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_e_Jugut" title="Afrika e Jugut – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Afrika e Jugut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јужноафричка Република – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јужноафричка Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningizimu_Afrika" title="Ningizimu Afrika – swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ningizimu Afrika" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Borwa" title="Afrika Borwa – sotho dal sid" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Afrika Borwa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotho dal sid" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suud-Afrikoa" title="Suud-Afrikoa – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Suud-Afrikoa" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Kidul" title="Afrika Kidul – sundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Afrika Kidul" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sydafrika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Kusini" title="Afrika Kusini – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Afrika Kusini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Po%C5%82ed%C5%84owyj_Afriki" title="Republika Połedńowyj Afriki – Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Republika Połedńowyj Afriki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_africa" title="South africa – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="South africa" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="దక్షిణాఫ్రికా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దక్షిణాఫ్రికా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Ҷумҳурии Африқои Ҷанубӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Африқои Ҷанубӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ประเทศแอฟริกาใต้ – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศแอฟริกาใต้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A1%E1%89%A5_%E1%8A%A3%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%89%83" title="ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ – tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ደቡብ ኣፍሪቃ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnorta_Afrika_Respublikasy" title="Günorta Afrika Respublikasy – turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Günorta Afrika Respublikasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timog_Aprika" title="Timog Aprika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Timog Aprika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyso_Afrik%C9%99_Respublik%C9%99" title="Nyso Afrikə Respublikə – Talisch" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Nyso Afrikə Respublikə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aforika_Borwa" title="Aforika Borwa – tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Aforika Borwa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAfilika_Tonga" title="ʻAfilika Tonga – tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAfilika Tonga" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saut_Aprika" title="Saut Aprika – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Saut Aprika" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika-Dzonga" title="Afrika-Dzonga – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Afrika-Dzonga" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Көньяк Африка Республикасы – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көньяк Африка Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="South Africa" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99Afirita_i_%E2%80%99Apato%E2%80%99a" title="’Afirita i ’Apato’a – tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="’Afirita i ’Apato’a" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лымшор Африкаысь Республика – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лымшор Африкаысь Республика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%86%DB%87%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%82%D8%A7" title="جەنۇبىي ئافرىقا – uiguric" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جەنۇبىي ئافرىقا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Південно-Африканська Республіка – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південно-Африканська Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="جنوبی افریقا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنوبی افریقا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janubiy_Afrika_Respublikasi" title="Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi – usbec" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afurika_Tshipembe" title="Afurika Tshipembe – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Afurika Tshipembe" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%C3%A0frica" title="Sudàfrica – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sudàfrica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suviafrikan_Tazovaldkund" title="Suviafrikan Tazovaldkund – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Suviafrikan Tazovaldkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Nam_Phi" title="Cộng hòa Nam Phi – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Nam Phi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuud-Afrika" title="Zuud-Afrika – Westflämisch" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zuud-Afrika" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Westflämisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul%C3%BCdafrik%C3%A4n" title="Sulüdafrikän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sulüdafrikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonne-Afrike" title="Nonne-Afrike – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Nonne-Afrike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salatan_nga_Aprik%C3%A1" title="Salatan nga Apriká – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salatan nga Apriká" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrig_gu_B%C3%ABj-saalum" title="Afrig gu Bëj-saalum – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Afrig gu Bëj-saalum" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南非" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMzantsi_Afrika" title="UMzantsi Afrika – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="UMzantsi Afrika" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ობჟათე აფრიკაშ რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ობჟათე აფრიკაშ რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="דרום אפריקע – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דרום אפריקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BA%C3%BAs%C3%B9_%C3%81fr%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Gúúsù Áfríkà – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gúúsù Áfríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzfeih" title="Nanzfeih – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nanzfeih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuud-Afrika" title="Zuud-Afrika – Seeländisch" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Zuud-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Seeländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%87%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D" title="ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵏⵥⵓⵍ – marocan tamazight standardisà" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵏⵥⵓⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marocan tamazight standardisà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非 – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南非" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="南非" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-hui-kok" title="Lâm-hui-kok – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâm-hui-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南非" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRiphabhuliki_yaseNingizimu_Afrika" title="IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q258#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifitgar las colliaziuns tar autras 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ord Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Die Druckversion wird nicht mehr unterstützt und kann Darstellungsfehler aufweisen. Bitte aktualisiere deine Browser-Lesezeichen und verwende stattdessen die Standard-Druckfunktion des Browsers.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"><div style="right:30px; display:none;" class="topicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artitgels_che_mintga_Vichipedia_duai_aver" title="Artitgel dals 1000"><img alt="Artitgel dals 1000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/1000HA.png/28px-1000HA.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/1000HA.png 1.5x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></div> <table class="prettytable float-right" align="right" width="330"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD;"><font size="+1"><b>Republica da l’Africa dal Sid</b></font><br /> <p><b>Republiek van Suid-Afrika</b> <font size="-1">(afrikaans)</font><br /> <b>Republic of South Africa</b> <font size="-1">(englais)</font><br /> <b>Riphabliki yeSewula Afrika</b> <font size="-1">(isiNd.)</font><br /> <b>IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika</b> <font size="-1">(isiXh.)</font><br /> <b>IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika</b> <font size="-1">(isiZu.)</font><br /> <b>Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa</b> <font size="-1">(Sotho sett.)</font><br /> <b>Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa</b> <font size="-1">(Sotho mer.)</font><br /> <b>Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa</b> <font size="-1">(Setswana)</font><br /> <b>IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika</b> <font size="-1">(Sis.)</font><br /> <b>Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe</b> <font size="-1">(Tsh.)</font><br /> <b>Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga</b> <font size="-1">(Xitsonga)</font><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%" class="nogrid"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" width="50%" style="background-color:transparent; border:none"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/150px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/225px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/300px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="background-color:transparent; border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(heraldic).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%28heraldic%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%28heraldic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%28heraldic%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%28heraldic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%28heraldic%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%28heraldic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="letter-spacing:0.5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#f2f2f4;"><b>Parola</b>: <i>ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke</i> <br /><small>(ǀXam per: <i>Unitad en diversitad</i>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Lingua uffiziala</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">englais, afrikaans, isizulu, siswati, ndebele meridiunal, sesotho, sotho settentriunal, xitsonga, setswana, tshivenda ed isixhosa </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Chapitala</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> (executiva) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citad_dal_Cap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citad dal Cap (n'exista betg)">Citad dal Cap</a> (legislativa) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloemfontein (n'exista betg)">Bloemfontein</a> (giudicativa) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Sedia da la regenza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Furma da stadi</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">republica federala cun elements federals </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Schef da stadi e schef da la regenza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyril_Ramaphosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyril Ramaphosa (n'exista betg)">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Surfatscha</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">1 221 037 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Abitants</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">59 622 350 (2020) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Spessezza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">48,8 abitants per km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Munaida</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">rand </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Independenza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">31 da matg 1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Imni naziunal</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>National Anthem of South Africa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Zona d'urari</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">UTC +2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Numer da l'auto</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">ZA </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>TLD d'internet</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">.za </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Preselecziun</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">+27 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#f2f2f4;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:LocationSouthAfrica.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/LocationSouthAfrica.svg/330px-LocationSouthAfrica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/LocationSouthAfrica.svg/495px-LocationSouthAfrica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/LocationSouthAfrica.svg/660px-LocationSouthAfrica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; vertical-align:top; background-color:#f2f2f4;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Map_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_South_Africa.svg/330px-Map_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_South_Africa.svg/495px-Map_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Map_of_South_Africa.svg/660px-Map_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>La <b>Republica da l’Africa dal Sid</b> (Republic of South Africa, RSA) è in stadi situà en la part meridiunala da l’<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. El furma il spazi economic il pli sviluppà dal continent african. En il sid e sidost cunfinescha l’Africa dal Sid cun l’<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Indic" title="Ocean Indic">Ocean Indic</a>, en il vest cun l’<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Atlantic" title="Ocean Atlantic">Ocean Atlantic</a>. En il nord sa chattan ils stadis vischins <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbabwe (n'exista betg)">Simbabwe</a>, en il nordost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosambic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosambic (n'exista betg)">Mosambic</a> ed en l’ost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaziland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swaziland (n'exista betg)">Swaziland</a>. Il Reginavel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesotho (n'exista betg)">Lesotho</a> è, sco enclava, enserrà dal tuttafatg da l’Africa dal Sid. </p><p>La Republica da l’Africa dal Sid ha trais chapitalas<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: la regenza ha sia sedia a <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, il parlament a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citad_dal_Cap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citad dal Cap (n'exista betg)">Citad dal Cap</a> ed il tribunal d’appellaziun superiur a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloemfontein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloemfontein (n'exista betg)">Bloemfontein</a>. Las pli grondas metropolas dal pajais tenor abitants (incl. aglomeraziun) èn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannesburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannesburg (n'exista betg)">Johannesburg</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citad_dal_Cap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citad dal Cap (n'exista betg)">Citad dal Cap</a>. L’englais è la lingua franca dal pajais, daspera èn l’afrikaans e nov linguas bantu uffizialas. </p><p>L’Africa dal Sid appartegna sco sulet stadi african a las pussanzas economicas dals G20 e fa ultra da quai part dals stadis BRICS. La sedia dal parlament da l’Uniun africana sa chatta a Johannesburg-Midrand. L’Africa dal Sid è stada in dals stadis da fundaziun da las <a href="/wiki/Naziuns_unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Naziuns unidas">Naziuns unidas</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Survista">Survista</h2></div> <p>La Republica da l’Africa dal Sid è in pajais culturalmain fitg divers, en il qual vivan umans da pliras etnias ed il qual vegn savens designà pervi da sia diversitad sco naziun d’artg s. Martin. Damai che las differentas gruppas da la populaziun n’han betg adina vivì senza conflicts ina sper l’autra, hai adina puspè dà problems e disturbis en la relaziun tranter la populaziun maioritara betg europeica ed ils immigrants europeics resp. lur descendents naschids al lieu; quai ha gì influenzas gravantas sin l’istorgia e la politica dal pajais. La populaziun Khoisan che viva per part anc sco chatschaders e rimnaders è vegnida marginalisada fermamain. </p><p>La Nasionale Party, la partida dals alvs che discurran afrikaans – per il pli da derivanza ollandaisa, per part però er d’origin tudestg u franzos – ha, suenter sia victoria electorala l’onn 1948, transfurmà tut ils secturs da la societad sidafricana tenor il princip programmatic dal «svilup separà» (il qual è pli tard vegnì proscrit en tut il mund sut la noziun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apartheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apartheid (n'exista betg)">apartheid</a>). Quest svilup aveva però prendì si’entschatta gia pli baud, sut las regenzas statalas tant d’orientaziun britannica sco er bura ed è stada la politica statala uffiziala fin curt suenter l’elecziun dal president moderà <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk (n'exista betg)">Frederik Willem de Klerk</a> ch’è sa mussà pront da sa perencleger. La vieuta en la politica ha cumenzà l’onn 1990; quella è stada la consequenza d’in cumbat da blers onns da la maioritad da la populaziun dischavantagiada sut manaders politics sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelson Mandela (n'exista betg)">Nelson Mandela</a> ed è per gronda part sa splegada a moda paschaivla. Las elecziuns dal parlament da l’onn 1994 èn vegnidas realisadas l’emprima giada tenor il princip dal dretg d’eleger egual per tut ils burgais ed han midà a moda fundamentala la vita politica en il pajais. </p><p>Elecziuns libras e secretas, però be tranter la populaziun alva privilegiada, avevan gia gì lieu dapi il 19avel tschientaner. L’economia dal pajais è la pli sviluppada da l’entir continent african. L’Africa dal Sid è er in dals pauc pajais en l’Africa, en ils quals vegn accordà in grond spazi d’agir a linguas uffizialas betg europeicas. Ultra da quai è il pajais il sulet da l’entira Africa, en il qual n’ha anc mai gì lieu in culp da stadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:South_Africa_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Topography.png/210px-South_Africa_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Topography.png/315px-South_Africa_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Topography.png/420px-South_Africa_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="1457" /></a><figcaption>La topografia dal pajais</figcaption></figure> <p>Il pajais sa chatta a l’ur meridiunal dal continent african tranter il 22avel ed il 35avel grad da latituda sco er tranter il 17avel e 33avel grad da longhituda (senza resguardar las Inslas da Prinzi Eduard). La lingia da costa dal pajais s’extenda sur 2500 km e cunfinescha cun dus oceans (l’Ocean Atlantic e l’Ocean Indic). L’Africa dal Sid cumpiglia ina surfatscha da 1 219 912 km²; igl è quai radund 3,4 giadas la surfatscha da la Germania. La planira auta centrala, er numnada Highveld, sa chatta en in’autezza tranter 900 e 2000 meters sur mar. La regiun da tschinta che croda vers la costa d’ina ladezza tranter 20 e 250 km, vegn numnada Great Escarpment (Groot Randkant, Grond ur). Areguard la geomorfologia e petrografia èn vastas parts dal pajais segnadas dals sediments dal batschigl principal dal Karoo. En il nord cumpara surtut en il cumplex da Bushveld crap magmatic e sper Barberton metamorfits fitg vegls. </p><p>Ils Drakensberge percurran il pajais dal nordost fin en l’enclava Lesotho en il sidost, nua che quels cuntanschan cun il Thabana Ntlenyana lur pli aut punct (3482 m). Il pli aut piz da l’Africa dal Sid è cun 2450 m il Mafadi. En il nordvest da Bloemfontein s’extenda il desert dal Kalahari tras Botswana fin en la Namibia. Al Cap Agulhas, il punct il pli meridiunal dal pajais, sa scuntran l’Atlantic e l’Ocean Indic; en il vest da quel sa chatta il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cap_da_la_Buna_Speranza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cap da la Buna Speranza (n'exista betg)">Cap da la Buna Speranza</a> (Cape of Good Hope u Kaap van die Goeie Hoop). </p><p>La gronda part dals flums da l’Africa dal Sid naschan en ils Drakensberge e curran vers ost en direcziun da l’Ocean Indic. Il pli lung flum, l’Oranje cun 1860 km, nascha medemamain en ils Drakensberge, curra però vers vest e sbucca en l’Ocean Atlantic. Las Cascadas d’Augrabies a l’Oranje en vischinanza da Upington han ina ladezza da radund 150 m ed in’autezza da radund 56 m. Ulteriurs impurtants flums èn il Limpopo, che curra sco flum da cunfin dals pajais <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbabwe (n'exista betg)">Simbabwe</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosambic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosambic (n'exista betg)">Mosambic</a> en direcziun nordost e sbucca suenter radund 1600 km en l’Ocean Indic, ed il Vaal (1251 km), in flum lateral da l’Oranje. Il livel da l’aua da quests flums variescha fitg ferm. </p><p>Tar l’Africa dal Sid tutgan er las Inslas da Prinzi Edward situadas en la part meridiunala da l’Ocean Indic. Sin sias pretensiuns territorialas en l’Antarctica ed en il Golf da Balenas a Namibia ha l’Africa dal Sid però desistì l’onn 1994. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima_e_vegetaziun">Clima e vegetaziun</h3></div> <p>L’Africa dal Sid è segnada d’ina gronda differenziaziun areguard las regiuns grondas climatic-orograficas e las zonas da vegetaziun. Quellas tanschan da deserts extrems en il Kalahari al cunfin vers la Namibia fin a guauds subtropics en il sidost ed al cunfin vers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosambic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosambic (n'exista betg)">Mosambic</a>. A la zona da costa occidentala regia in clima arid fin fermamain maritim. A la costa dal sid è il clima semiarid fin semiumid, quai ch’è d’attribuir al fatg ch’il current da Benguela fraid ed il current dad Agulha chaud sa scuntran al Cap da la Buna Speranza. Il clima a l’intern dal pajais è arid fin semiarid, cun caracteristicas marcantas sco zonas da steppa, entant che la costa da l’ost è segnada d’in clima semiumid e marcantamain maritim. En la regiun enturn la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citad_dal_Cap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citad dal Cap (n'exista betg)">Citad dal Cap</a> regia in clima mediterran. L’enviern croda la naiv be en l’auta muntogna.<sup id="cite_ref-Klimm_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klimm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tras sia grondezza e plirs auters facturs (currents da la mar, autezza sur mar), variescha il clima tranter las differentas parts dal pajais. Tar ils facturs decisivs areguard la repartiziun dal clima tutgan ils suandants: La costa da l’ost è segnada dal current dad Agulhas che deriva da l’Ocean Indic e lascha muntar aria chauda ed umida. Ils nivels sa furman tras currents da convecziun cumplexs tranter zonas da pressiun auta e zonas da pressiun bassa; la plievgia croda en la regiun da la costa da l’ost da l’Africa dal Sid. Vers l’intern dal pajais sa diminueschan las quantitads da precipitaziuns però svelt. La costa dal vest è segnada dal current da Benguel fraid che vegn spisgentà dad auas antarcticas. Ensemen cun las relaziuns da la pressiun d’aria variablas maina quel a la costa dal vest a la furmaziun da deserts, damai che vegn retratga da las regiuns da costa l’umiditad.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La posiziun da l’Africa dal Sid en l’emisfera dal sid ha per consequenza che las stagiuns sa splegan gist il cuntrari da quellas en l’emisfera dal nord. L’enviern, tranter il zercladur e l’avust, poi avair en ils Drakensberge, sin il Highveld ed a Johannesburg (1753 m) e conturn naiv; la notg crodan las temperaturas fermamain. Durant il di muntan quellas sin ca. 23 °C, la stad sin 30 °C. A Boland, la regiun da la Citad dal Cap (15 m) regia l’enviern in clima frestg segnà da pluschignim. Dal november fin il mars èsi là chaud fin fitg chaud e sitg. En las regiuns da costa dal KwaZulu-Natal, tranter auter a Durban (5 m) e per lung da la costa da l’ost, è l’umiditad da l’aria auta, per il pli va in vent frestg nà da la mar. Las temperaturas giaschan qua l’entir onn tranter ca. 25 e 35 °C. </p><p>La planira auta en l’ost dal pajais è segnada da temperaturas chaudas, ma be darar fitg chaudas. En il semidesert dal Karoo ed en il Namaqualand regian percunter temperaturas extrem autas. Qua giascha la quantitad da precipitaziuns annualas sut 200 mm. Las paucas plievgias d’enviern cumparan a moda fitg irregulara.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al Cap Occidental buffa permanentamain ina brisa frestga. Las stads èn chaudas e schizunt ils envierns èn miaivels. La costa dal sid è caracterisada d’in clima miaivel. I prevala ina vegetaziun sitga cun regiuns da savanna extendidas che sa transfurman en il vest en il desert dal Kalahari ed en il Namaqualand resp. en il sidvest en il Karoo. Guauds serrads datti be en l’ost e sidost nua ch’i plova savens. Igl èn avant maun be guauds serrads pli pitschens che s’extendan per lung dal Great Escarpment, per exempel en las Muntognas d’Amathole ed en ils Drakensberge dal Natal sco er en la regiun da costa dal Cap Oriental en la regiun da Knysna. Las plievgias da stad pon crudar en quantitads catastrofalas e manar a ferma erosiun dal terren.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La part meridiunala da l’Africa sa chatta en ina zona prevalentamain semiarida u arida, la quala reagescha uschia fitg sensibel sin midaments dal clima. Consequenzas da la midada dal clima èn in augment da las undas da chalur, pli lungas periodas da sitgira e damain precipitaziuns. A l’intern da l’Africa dal Sid è la temperatura creschida entaifer tschient onns per radund dus grads celsius.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_e_fauna">Flora e fauna</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Elephant_Kruger_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Elephant_Kruger_2003.jpg/220px-Elephant_Kruger_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Elephant_Kruger_2003.jpg/330px-Elephant_Kruger_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Elephant_Kruger_2003.jpg/440px-Elephant_Kruger_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Elefant african</figcaption></figure> <p>L’Africa dal Sid tutga tar ils pajais dal mund segnads da megadiversitad, en ils quals vivan sper ina fitg gronda varietad da las spezias e biodiversitad spezialmain bleras spezias, geners e famiglias da plantas e d’animals endemics e nua ch’èn ultra da quai avant maun ecosistems multifars. Uschia cumparan là dapli che 20 000 differentas plantas. En la regiun da fynbos (bostgaglia fina), ina cuntrada en la provinza Cap Occidental, han ins dumbrà dapli che 9000 spezias, quai che fa da questa regiun in dals lieus cun la pli gronda diversitad ecologica en tut il mund. Per quest motiv vegn questa regiun considerada da botanichers sut il num Capensis sco in da sis reginavels da la flora dal mund. Igl è quai per lunschor il pli pitschen da quests reginavels. Perquai ch’ella è periclitada fermamain, è la flora dal Cap in hotspot da la biodiversitad dal mund. </p><p>Tar la gronda part da las plantas en l’Africa dal Sid sa tracti da plantas semperverdas cun feglia fina, en furma da guglias. Ulteriuras plantas tipicas appartegnan al gener Protea che tutga tar las plantas cun flur (uschenumnadas rosas dal cap) e da las qualas existan en il pajais radund 130 differentas spezias. </p><p>Entant che l’Africa dal Sid è segnada d’in grond dumber da fanerogamas, èn guauds be da chattar darar, e quai surtut a la costa orientala umida (cf. survart). Ils guauds oriunds han ils colonisaturs europeics quasi runcà dal tuttafatg; a medem temp han ins plantà enturn Johannesburg in grond dumber da spezias da plantas importadas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ina part da quellas è sa mussada sco problematica, damai ch’ellas pon avair in’influenza negativa sin l’equiliber d’aua e manar ad erosiun dal terren. Er perquai ch’ellas stgatschan spezias indigenas, vegnan tschertas spezias importadas allontanadas intenziunadamain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A l’entschatta dal 21avel tschientaner ha la regenza mess sut protecziun da la natira tschertas spezias da lain dir sidafricanas. Tras quai duai vegnir segirada l’existenza dal papagagl dal Cap. Questa spezia vala sco papagagl grond african il pli stgars e viva be pli en ils guauds da taischs da l’Africa dal Sid ch’èn fragmentads fermamain.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En il Namaqualand fitg chaud e sitg en vischinanza da la costa dal vest existan diversas spezias da succulentas ch’arcunan aua sco aloe ed euforbia. La vegetaziun che prevala a l’intern dal pajais èn pastgiras, sco ch’ins las chatta surtut sin il Highveld. Qua domineschan divers fains, chaglias bassas ed acazias. La vegetaziun daventa pli e pli magra vers nordvest, quai ch’è d’attribuir a la quantitad da precipitaziuns che sa sbassa. La savanna da pastg e savanna da spinas en l’ost dal desert dal Kalahari sa transfurma vers nordost en ina savanna umida cun plantaziun pli spessa. En la regiun enturn la fin settentriunala dal Parc naziunal Kruger creschan spezialmain blers baobabs. </p><p>La fauna ch’è fitg ritga da spezias po vegnir observada en tschients asils da selvaschina ed en ils parcs naziunals, dals quals il Parc naziunal Kruger è il pli grond. En l’Africa dal Sid vivan bundant 300 spezias da mammals, dapli che 500 spezias d’utschels, passa 100 spezias da reptils ed in grond dumber da spezias d’insects. Il pajais è la patria da fitg bleras spezias d’animals gronds, tranter auter dals ‹Big Five› africans, las spezias da selvaschinas grondas las pli temidas dal temp da <a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safari</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liun" title="Liun">liun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biffel_african" title="Biffel african">biffel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elefant_african" title="Elefant african">elefant</a> e rinoceros. Da quests ultims èn represchentads tant il rinoceros alv sco er il <a href="/wiki/Rinoceros_nair" title="Rinoceros nair">rinoceros nair</a>. Surtut en las savannas dal nord vivan numerusas spezias d’antilopas sco impala, kudu, yyala, gnu strivlà u cob. Ultra da quai cumparan qua numerusas autras spezias d’animals gronds sco giraffas, ippopotams, spezias da portgs e da portgs variclads, zebras da la steppa, gepards, hienas e chauns selvadis. Sper il Parc naziunal Kruger tutgan il Parc da Hluhluwe-iMfolozi ed il Parc naziunal dals elefants d’Addo tar ils pli enconuschents parcs. En las regiuns da steppa dal sid, l’uschenumnà karoo, vivan intginas spezias che mancan en las savannas dal nord. Latiers tutgan gnus cun cua alva, tschertas spezias da bucs e zebras da muntogna. Pli baud cumparevan qua er il quagga, ina furma da zebra, ed il bluebuck, spezias ch’èn mortas or en il fratemp. La tipica fauna dal Cap ch’è sa mantegnida sa lascha observar oz per exempel en il Parc naziunal dals zebras da muntogna. Las regiuns semidesertas dal Kalahari che tanscha en il nordost fin en l’Africa dal Sid, èn caracterisadas da bucs a lantscha e l’uschenumnà springbok. Ensemen cun autras spezias, sco liuns e gepards, vegnan quels protegids per exempel en il Parc naziunal dals bucs a lantscha dal Kalahari. Tranter ils utschels da l’Africa dal Sid èn da numnar struts, flamingos e numerus utschels da preda. Ultra da quai vivan radund 170 000 pinguins dal Cap a las costas e sin las inslas e stattan sut protecziun da la natira severa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Populaziun">Populaziun</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:South_Africa_-_population_migrations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/South_Africa_-_population_migrations.svg/210px-South_Africa_-_population_migrations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/South_Africa_-_population_migrations.svg/315px-South_Africa_-_population_migrations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/South_Africa_-_population_migrations.svg/420px-South_Africa_-_population_migrations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Moviments da migraziun istorics</figcaption></figure> <p>La populaziun è creschida dapi il 1996 da 40,6 milliuns sin 51,7 milliuns (2011) e la finala sin 57,7 milliuns (2018).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L’Africa dal Sid è in pajais multicultural, en il qual ins frunta anc adina sin las consequenzas da l’apartheid e nua che las gruppas da la populaziun vivan savens en regiuns d’abitar separadas. </p><p>Fin l’onn 1991 ha la constituziun sidafricana partì la populaziun en quatter grondas gruppas demograficas: nairs, alvs, coloureds ed Asiats. Cumbain che questa sutdivisiun n’exista betg pli tenor la lescha, considereschan blers Sidafricans sasezs anc adina sco appartegnents ad ina da questas gruppas ed er statisticas statalas uffizialas sa servan anc da questas categorias. Ils Africans resp. nairs furman radund 89,2 % da l’entira populaziun e sa dividan da lur vart en differentas gruppas sco Zulu, Xhosa, Basotho, Venda, Tswana, Tsonga, Swazi e Ndebele. Ultra da quai vivan intgins milliuns fugitivs, surtut da Simbabwe, a moda illegala en l’Africa dal Sid. </p><p>La cumpart da la populaziun alva, d’origin europeic, a l’entira populaziun munta a 8,9 %; i sa tracta per gronda part da descendents d’immigrants ollandais, tudestgs, franzos e britannics ch’èn immigrads qua surtut a partir da la mesadad dal 17avel tschientaner. Il pajais dumbra uschia la pli gronda cumpart da populaziun d’origin europeic da l’entir continent. Il dumber effectiv e relativ dals alvs sa diminuescha cuntinuadamain dapi ils onns 1990 entras midaments demografics entaifer la creschientscha da la populaziun e bunamain in milliun han er bandunà il pajais. Er l’intensitad da l’immigraziun è sa diminuida en la segunda decada dal 21avel tschientaner: l’onn 2011 eran immigrads tenor indicaziuns da Statistics South Africa radund 2,189 milliuns persunas en l’Africa dal Sid, il 2016 eran quai anc 1,578 milliuns persunas. </p><p>Tar ils uschenumnads coloureds sa tracti d’abitants da derivanza etnica maschadada, per il pli da descendents dals emprims emigrants europeics, dals sclavs da quels e da las etnias originaras da la regiun dal Cap, per ina pli pitschna part d’Asiats emigrads. La noziun ‹coloured› mussa la muntada che vegniva attribuida dal temp dal colonialissem e pli tard da l’apartheid a la colur da la pel. Er suenter la fin da la segregaziun da las razzas vegn la noziun duvrada vinavant ed ha oz il caracter d’ina autodenominaziun neutrala. Radund 8,9 % da la populaziun designeschan sasezs sco coloured. </p><p>Tar la gronda part dals Asiats che vivan en l’Africa dal Sid sa tracti da descendents d’immigrants da l’India ch’ins ha clamà en il pajais vers la mesadad dal 19avel tschientaner sco lavurers da contract per lavurar sin ils champs da channa da zutger da Natal, e ch’han alura vivì adina dapli sco commerziants en las citads. Oz munta la cumpart dals Asiats a l’entira populaziun radund 2,5 %; els vivan surtut en la provinza KwaZulu-Natal, en la Citad dal Cap ed a Johannesburg. Ultra da quai exista ina gruppa da la populaziun chinaisa cun radund 300 000 commembers (situaziun dal 2008). </p><p>L’onn 2017 eran 7,1 % da la populaziun naschids a l’exteriur. Las pli grondas gruppas derivavan da Mosambic (680 000), Simbabwe (360 000) e Lesotho (310 000). Ins stima ch’i vivan ultra da quai en il pajais milliuns immigrants illegals oriunds per gronda part da Simbabwe. </p><p>L’onn 2016 vivevan ca. 65 % dals Sidafricans en citads. 28,3 % dals abitants èn sut 15 onns vegls, 66,1 % tranter 15 e 64 e 5,6 % sur 65 onns. L’augment da la populaziun ha cumpiglià il 2016 radund 1,0 %; la quota da naschientschas ha muntà il medem onn a 20,5 per 1000 abitants, la mortalitad dals uffants a 32 per 1000 naschientschas vivas. L’aspectativa da vita sa chattava il 2016 tar 64,6 onns tar las dunnas e 61,6 onns tar ils umens; questas valurs eran stadas ils onns precedents bundant pli bassas ed han pudì vegnir augmentadas surtut grazia a la meglra prevenziun cunter HIV/AIDS ed al meglier provediment da persunas infectadas cun medicaments antiretrovirals. Ina dunna sidafrica ha en media 2,3 uffants (stimaziun dal 2016). 94,3 % dals Sidafricans da 15 onns ensi san leger e scriver (stimaziun dal 2015). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religiuns">Religiuns</h3></div> <p>Areguard l’appartegnientscha a cuminanzas religiusas sa preschentava il 2008 en l’Africa dal Sid il suandant maletg: baselgias africanas independentas (25,7 %), baselgia refurmada (8,9 %), baselgia catolic-romana (8,6 %), baselgia metodistic-evangelica (7,1 %), baselgia anglicana (4,0 %), baselgia luteran-evangelica (2,6 %), baselgia neoapostolica (0,9 %), autras baselgias cristianas (17,6 %), ‹religiuns africanas› (2,0 %), hinduissem (1,4 %), islam (1,4 %), giudaissem (0,2 %), testimonis da Jehova (0,17 %), ulteriuras religiuns (12,5 %), senza confessiun (7,0 %). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguas">Linguas</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:South_Africa_2011_dominant_language_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/South_Africa_2011_dominant_language_map.svg/210px-South_Africa_2011_dominant_language_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/South_Africa_2011_dominant_language_map.svg/315px-South_Africa_2011_dominant_language_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/South_Africa_2011_dominant_language_map.svg/420px-South_Africa_2011_dominant_language_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Las linguas dominantas cun afrikaans en il vest (verd) e diversas linguas tradiziunalas en la part orientala dal pajais</figcaption></figure> <p>Dapi la fin da l’apartheid dispona l’Africa dal Sid dad indesch linguas uffizialas: englais, afrikaans, isizulu, siswati, ndebele dal sid, sesotho, sepedi, xitsonga, setswana, tshivenda ed isixhosa. Suenter la Bolivia e l’India è l’Africa dal Sid uschia il pajais cun il pli grond dumber da linguas uffizialas en tut il mund. Radund 0,7 % dals nairs e 59,1 % dals alvs discurran afrikaans sco lingua materna; la lingua materna dals coloureds è surtut afrikaans. L’englais vegn discurrì a chasa da 39,3 % dals alvs e da 0,5 % dals nairs. Las linguas restantas vegnan discurridas da la populaziun naira dals Bantu (ca. 22,3 % isixhosa, 30,1 % isizulu, 11,9 % sepedi, 10,3 % setswana, 10,0 % sesotho, 3,4 % siswati, 2,9 % tshivenda, 5,6 % xitsonga e 2,0 % ndebele dal sid). Be radund 0,3 % da la populaziun naira e 1,1 % dals alvs na discurran betg ina da las indesch linguas uffizialas sco lingua materna. </p><p>Sper tut questas linguas uffizialas existan – sper linguas europeicas ed asiaticas d’immigrants – ulteriuras linguas autoctonas sco fanakalo, lobedu, ndebele dal nord, phuthi, khoe, nama e san. Quellas vegnan be duvradas en singulas regiuns ed èn per part er derasadas en ils stadis vischins Namibia e Botswana, surtut las linguas dals chatschaders e rimnaders tradiziunals (ils San) resp. dals pasturs nomads (ils Khoikhoi). Il dumber da las persunas che discurran questas linguas è però sa diminuì rapidamain ils ultims tschientaners e bleras èn oz smanatschadas da svanir. </p><p>Cumbain che tut las indesch linguas uffizialas èn renconuschidas tenor lescha a moda eguala, è l’englais sa sviluppà a la lingua franca dominanta; quella vegn numnadamain chapida da la gronda part da la populaziun en las differentas gruppas etnicas e n’è betg colliada directamain cun l’anteriur reschim d’apartheid. L’influenza da l’afrikaans, ch’aveva furmà dal temp da l’apartheid l’emprima lingua dal pajais, è percunter sa diminuida fermamain vers la fin dal 20avel tschientaner; per blers Sidafricans nairs è quella numnadamain colliada fitg ferm cun il reschim da l’apartheid (ed aveva er furmà da lez temp in rom da scola obligatoric per tuts). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorgia">Istorgia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avant_l’arrivada_dals_colonisaturs_europeics"><span id="Avant_l.E2.80.99arrivada_dals_colonisaturs_europeics"></span>Avant l’arrivada dals colonisaturs europeics</h3></div> <p>En l’Africa dals Sid han ins exchavà intgins dals pli vegls fossils paleoantropologics dal mund. Restanzas da l’Australopithecus africanus èn vegnidas a la glisch sper Taung (‹uffant da Taung›) ed en las taunas da Sterkfontein (‹little foot›), Kromdraai e Makapansgat; las pli veglias da quellas vegnan datadas sin ca. 3,5 milliuns onns. Sper quests preumans vivevan qua diversas spezias dal gener Homo sco Homo habilis, Homo naledi, Homo erectus e la finala l’uman modern, Homo sapiens. Durant il temp da migraziun da las stirpas da Bantu han ils Bantu traversà il Limpopo ed èn sa chasads vers 500 a.C. sco purs e pasturs en l’Africa dal Sid odierna. Sin lur migraziuns èn els arrivads fin al Fish River che sa chatta oz en la provinza Cap Oriental. Ils pievels da chatschaders e rimnaders dals San e Khoikhoi che vivevan dapi ca. 20 000 onns en ils territoris da l’Africa dal Sid odierna èn vegnids chatschads enavos adina dapli dals Bantu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temp_colonial_ollandais">Temp colonial ollandais</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Charles_Bell_-_Jan_van_Riebeeck_se_aankoms_aan_die_Kaap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Charles_Bell_-_Jan_van_Riebeeck_se_aankoms_aan_die_Kaap.jpg/220px-Charles_Bell_-_Jan_van_Riebeeck_se_aankoms_aan_die_Kaap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Charles_Bell_-_Jan_van_Riebeeck_se_aankoms_aan_die_Kaap.jpg/330px-Charles_Bell_-_Jan_van_Riebeeck_se_aankoms_aan_die_Kaap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Charles_Bell_-_Jan_van_Riebeeck_se_aankoms_aan_die_Kaap.jpg/440px-Charles_Bell_-_Jan_van_Riebeeck_se_aankoms_aan_die_Kaap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Arrivada da Jan van Riebeeck en la regiun da la Citad dal Cap odierna</figcaption></figure> <p>L’istoriografia moderna en l’Africa dal Sid cumenza ils 6 d’avrigl 1652, cur che l’Ollandais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_van_Riebeeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan van Riebeeck (n'exista betg)">Jan van Riebeeck</a> ha installà per incumbensa da la Cumpagnia da l’India Orientala ollandaisa al Cap da la Buna Speranza ina staziun da provediment. Quella dueva furmar pervi da sia buna posiziun strategica ina staziun da paus per navs commerzialas ch’eran en viadi tranter l’<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asia_dal_Sidost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asia dal Sidost (n'exista betg)">Asia dal Sidost</a>. Durant il 17avel e 18avel tschientaner è la colonia, ch’è creschida be plaun, ma cuntinuadamain, stada en possess ollandais. Ils colonisaturs èn l’emprim sa derasads en la part occidentala da la regiun dal Cap, la quala furmava da quel temp il lieu da retratga dals Khoisan. L’onn 1688 èn arrivads en il pajais intgins tschient ughenots franzos, ils quals vegnivan persequitads en <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a> dapi il 1686. Ils ughenots duevan er manar cun sai la cultura da vin en l’Africa dal Sid. En il Kapland dal vest han bains da viticultura e farmas da pumicultura per part mantegnì fin oz lur nums da lingua franzosa.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enturn l’onn 1770 han ils Europeans cuntanschì vers ost il cunfin da colonisaziun dals Bantu. Sinaquai hai dà ina retscha da guerras – las Guerras da cunfin – cunter il pievel dals Xhosa. Ils Ollandais dal Cap han manà numerus sclavs da l’Indonesia, da Madagascar e da l’India en il pajais. L’entschatta da l’onn 1743 era il dumber dals sclavs en la provinza cleramain pli aut che quel dals colonisaturs europeics. Ils descendents da quests sclavs, ils quals han savens maridà colonisaturs europeics, han ins pli tard attribuì ensemen cun ils San a la classa da la populaziun dals ‹coloured› (‹umens/dunnas da colur›). Cun radund 50 % furman quels oz la maioritad da la populaziun en la provinza Cap Occidental. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19avel_tschientaner">19avel tschientaner</h3></div> <p>Cur che la Cumpagnia da l’India Orientala ollandaisa sa chattava la finala datiers dal bancrut e l’influenza dals commerziants ollandais è sa sminuida, han truppas dal <a href="/wiki/Reginavel_Un%C3%AC" title="Reginavel Unì">Reginavel Unì</a> occupà l’onn 1797 la regiun enturn il Cap da la Buna Speranza. Ils Pajais Bass sezs èn vegnids occupads en il decurs da las Guerras da coaliziun da las truppas da <a href="/wiki/Napoleun_Bonaparte" title="Napoleun Bonaparte">Napoleun Bonaparte</a>, e la Republica batava, fundada il 1795, n’era betg pli alliada cun ils Brits. La regiun dal Cap han ils Brits pia occupà per evitar che quest lieu d’impurtanza strategica per il commerzi crodia en ils mauns dals Franzos. Suenter la Pasch d’Amiens l’onn 1802 ha la Gronda Britannia stuì returnar il territori als <a href="/wiki/Pajais_Bass" title="Pajais Bass">Pajais Bass</a>, ha però danovamain conquistà la regiun dal Cap l’onn 1806 ed endrizzà là ina colonia britannica permanenta, la colonia dal Cap. Las guerras da cunfin cun ils Xhosa han cuntinuà, uschia ch’il pajais è s’engrondì successivamain fin a la riva orientala dal Great Fish River. Svelt han ils Brits fortifitgà ils cunfins da la nova colonia ed il territori da quella è vegnì occupà dalunga dad alvs. Cur ch’il parlament britannic ha abolì l’onn 1833 la sclavaria en sia zona d’influenza en tut il mund, ha quai privà blers Burs da lur basa d’existenza. Per mitschar da la sfera d’influenza britannica e pudair cuntinuar a sfruttar la populaziun betg alva, èn els guntgids en la retroterra. En rom dal Grond trec dal 1835 fin il 1841 èn radund 12 000 Burs, ils uschenumnads Voortrekker, emigrads en ils territoris situads en il nord dal flum Oranje. Là han els fundà numerusas republicas da Burs, tranter quellas la republica sidafricana, er numnada Transvaal, ed il Stadi liber d’Oranje.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cur ch’ins ha chattà diamants l’onn 1867 ed aur l’onn 1886 ha quai manà ad ina gronda creschientscha economica ed a l’immigraziun da blers Europeans, quai ch’ha be anc accelerà la discriminaziun e sfrutaziun da la populaziun autoctona. En rom da l’uschenumnada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emprima_Guerra_dals_Burs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emprima Guerra dals Burs (n'exista betg)">Emprima Guerra dals Burs</a> (1880–1881) èn ils Burs sa dustads cunter las tentativas d’expansiun britannicas. Cumbain ch’ils Burs eran numericamain inferiurs, èn els sa dustads cun success, damai ch’els s’adattavan strategicamain meglier a las relaziuns dal lieu. Uschia purtavan ils schuldads dals Burs per exempel unifurmas verd melnas, entant ch’ils Brits eran anc adina vestgids en lur tschops cotschens tradiziunals, furmond uschia ina leva noda per ils franctiradurs burs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20avel_tschientaner">20avel tschientaner</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fin_il_1945">Fin il 1945</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928-1982).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/400px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bandiera da l’Africa dal Sid dal 1928 fin il 1994</figcaption></figure> <p>Ils onns 1899–1902 èn ils Brits returnads en anc pli grond dumber ed han cumbattì cunter ils Burs en la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segunda_Guerra_dals_Burs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segunda Guerra dals Burs (n'exista betg)">Segunda Guerra dals Burs</a>. Ina finamira da guerra da la Gronda Britannia era tranter auter da pudair controllar ils ritgs giaschaments dad aur al Witwatersrand. L’emprova dals Burs da s’alliar cun l’Imperi tudestg e la colonia Africa dal Sidvest tudestga ha furmà per ils Brits in motiv supplementar da surpigliar uss la controlla cumpletta da las republicas dals Burs. Questa giada èn ils Burs s’opponids adumbatten, pertge ch’ils Brits eran en gronda maioritad numerica e vegnivan er provedids meglier cun refurniments. En rom da la Pasch da Vereeniging èn las duas republicas da purs vegnidas integradas en il British Empire; uschiglio han ins però concedì als Burs cundiziuns da pasch generusas, sco per exempel la renconuschientscha da l’ollandais sco lingua uffiziala. Per stabilir supplementarmain la pasch, han ils Brits percunter er concedì en il contract regulaziuns discriminantas ch’han limità ils dretgs da burgais da la populaziun betg alva en il Transvaal ed en il stadi liber d’Oranje. Suenter lungas contractivas han ins la finala fundà l’onn 1910 da las quatter colonias Natal, Transvaal, Colonia dal flum Oranje e Colonia dal Cap l’Uniun sidafricana, precis otg onns suenter la fin da la segunda Guerra dals Burs. </p><p>L’onn 1930 è vegnì concedì a las dunnas il dretg d’eleger.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il 1934 èn la South African Party britannica e la Nasionale Party dals Burs s’unidas a l’United Party cun l’intenziun da conciliar Brits e Burs. Questa partida unitara è però puspè dada dapart il 1939 en vista a la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_mundiala" title="Segunda Guerra mundiala">Segunda Guerra mundiala</a>. Durant ils onns da guerra han bundant 330 000 Sidafricans cumbattì sco voluntaris en l’Africa da l’Ost, Africa dal Nord, en l’<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> e sco commembers da l’aviatica militara e marina britannica. La Nasionale Party percunter, d’orientaziun dretga, simpatisava cun la Germania da <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> ed aveva en mira ina separaziun da las razzas radicala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suenter_il_1945,_apartheid"><span id="Suenter_il_1945.2C_apartheid"></span>Suenter il 1945, apartheid</h4></div> <p>Suenter la fin da la Segunda Guerra mundiala ha la minoritad da la populaziun alva sut l’egida politica da la National Party pudì consolidar sia pussanza ed extender las structuras d’apartheid a moda autoritara, numnadamain cun laschar deliberar tras il parlament in dumber creschent da leschas ch’han spartì il pajais e la vita quotidiana a moda consequenta e sistematica en duas classas socialas, restrenschend uschia per ils nairs blers dretgs da burgais. </p><p>La consequenza concreta da questa politica è stada ina separaziun spaziala adina pli ferma tranter ils lieus d’abitar da la populaziun d’origin europeic e quels da las autras gruppas da la populaziun; a medem temp èn quests ultims vegnids sfruttads economicamain adina dapli e privads da lur dretgs politics. La finamira era da domiciliar la populaziun da colur naira en territoris ch’ins aveva gia designà dapi daditg sco Native Reserves (ils uschenumnads Bantustans da pli tard). L’independenza statala formala da quels han ins preparà pass per pass ed er realisà en quatter cas. </p><p>L’Africa dal Sid ha enconuschì ils onns 1960 in svilup economic rasant ed è vegnì attribuì sco sulet pajais dal continent african a l’Emprim Mund. Igl èn vegnids blers meds d’investiziun en il pajais ed interpresas da l’exteriur han fundà pervi da las bleras forzas da lavur bunmartgadas atgnas represchentanzas resp. interpresas affiliadas. Da la bainstanza ch’è vegnida realisada da quel temp ha però surtut profità la minoritad da la populaziun alva, quai ch’è er sa reflectà sur plirs decennis en la politica da furmaziun e da salarisaziun dal pajais. Suenter in referendum (1960) è l’Uniun sidafricana da fin qua vegnida renumnada dal temp da la sortida dal Commonwealth en Republica da l’Africa dal Sid. Il prim da schaner 1970 ha il pajais introducì il sistem metric. </p><p>La segregaziun da las razzas en l’Africa dal Sid, ch’è vegnida enconuschenta sut la noziun apartheid, è stà in impurtant champ da conflict durant la segunda mesadad dal 20avel tschientaner. Sut squitsch dals stadis commembers africans ed asiatics ha l’Africa dal Sid stuì bandunar il Commonwealth of Nations (1961) ed è pir puspè vegnida recepida il 1994. La malcuntentientscha creschenta da las gruppas da la populaziun supprimidas ha cuntanschì ina culminaziun l’onn 1976, cur che forzas da segirezza èn intervegnidas durant la Sullevaziun da Soweto cunter ina demonstraziun da scolars, quai ch’ha chaschunà la mort da 176 scolars e students da colur naira. </p><p>L’emprova dal reschim da stgaffir bunaveglia cun extender il 1984 il dretg d’eleger sin persunas da colur (ma betg nairas) han ins quittà da tuttas varts cun grondas resalvas. Ils onns 1980 è l’Africa dal Sid vegnida adina dapli sut pressiun internaziunala, quai ch’è sa manifestà en sancziuns politicas ed economicas. Effect han surtut gì las sancziuns da las Naziuns unidas ed ina champagna da dischinvestiziun internaziunala ch’ha manà a partir da la mesadad dals onns 1980 ad ina fugia da chapital.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fin_da_l’apartheid"><span id="Fin_da_l.E2.80.99apartheid"></span>Fin da l’apartheid</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Nelson_Mandela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nelson_Mandela.jpg/170px-Nelson_Mandela.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nelson_Mandela.jpg/255px-Nelson_Mandela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Nelson_Mandela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>Nelson Mandela</figcaption></figure> <p>L’onn 1990, suenter in lung temp da resistenza segnà da chaumas, marschs da protesta, activitads internaziunalas, sabotaschas ed er attatgas terroristicas da divers moviments d’anti-apartheid – la pli enconuschenta tranter ellas l’African National Congress (ANC) – ha la regenza da la National Party, ch’era en il fratemp isolada a nivel internaziunal, fatg in emprim pass vers la privaziun da l’atgna pussanza cun abolir il scumond da l’ANC e d’autras organisaziuns politicas e relaschar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelson Mandela (n'exista betg)">Nelson Mandela</a> – in dals pli enconuschents cumbattants da la resistenza – suenter 27 onns or da praschun. Las structuras d’apartheid èn svanidas pass per pass or da la legislaziun ed uschia èn daventadas pussaivlas ils 27 d’avrigl 1994 las emprimas elecziuns libras per tut ils abitants. L’ANC ha cuntanschì ina fitg clera victoria electorala e furma dapi lura la partida guvernamentala. Nelson Mandela è vegnì elegì sco emprim president nair da l’Africa dal Sid. Ensemen cun l’ultim president dal stadi da la National Party, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk (n'exista betg)">Frederik Willem de Klerk</a>, ha el retschet il Premi Nobel da la pasch per avair gidà a terminar la segregaziun da las razzas en l’Africa dal Sid. Tranter il 1996 ed il 1998 è l’uschenumnada Cumissiun da vardad e reconciliaziun (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) sut il presidi dal purtader dal Premi Nobel da la pasch uvestg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desmond_Tutu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desmond Tutu (n'exista betg)">Desmond Tutu</a> sa stentada d’intercurir ed elavurar crims cun motivs politics ch’èn vegnids commess dal temp da l’apartheid. </p><p>Successur da Mandela è daventà l’onn 1999 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thabo_Mbeki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thabo Mbeki (n'exista betg)">Thabo Mbeki</a>. Malgrà il concept politic ch’era oriundamain d’orientaziun sanestra, han las regenzas da l’ANC adina er persequità aspects d’ina politica economica liberala, quai ch’ha contribuì decididamain ad ina creschientscha economica pli ferma, ma ch’ha er manà a novas disparitads en las structuras socialas dal pajais. En consequenza da quai è sa furmada ina pitschna classa mesauna naira bainstanta. Tuttina è la situaziun economica da milliuns Sidafricans betg alvs savens sa meglierada mo pauc en cumparegliaziun cun la perioda precedenta da l’apartheid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21avel_tschientaner">21avel tschientaner</h3></div> <p>L’onn 2004 ha la Federaziun internaziunala da ballape (FIFA) elegì l’Africa dal Sid sco lieu d’occurrenza dal campiunadi da ballape dal 2010. Il turnier ch’ha gì lieu dals 11 da zercladur fin ils 11 da fanadur è stà l’emprim en l’Africa insumma. </p><p>Politicamain èn ils emprims decennis dal 21avel tschientaner stads sut l’ensaina da l’ANC ch’ha mintgamai retschet tar las elecziuns dal parlament radund dus terzs da las vuschs; en il fratemp han però er partidas concurrentas cuntanschì resultats respectabels (t.a. Democratic Alliance ed Economic Freedom Fighters). </p><p>Il 2008 e 2015 han Sidafricans nairs attatgà a moda violenta fugitivs e migrants da lavur d’auters stadis africans (Simbabwe, Somalia e.a.). Per part è vegnì crititgà en quest connex ch’ils politichers sidafricans s’engaschian memia pauc cunter la xenofobia en il pajais. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politica">Politica</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constituziun_e_dretgs_da_burgais">Constituziun e dretgs da burgais</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-entrance-20070622.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-entrance-20070622.jpg/210px-ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-entrance-20070622.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-entrance-20070622.jpg/315px-ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-entrance-20070622.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-entrance-20070622.jpg/420px-ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-entrance-20070622.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Tribunal constituziunal a Johannesburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Suenter las elecziuns dal 1994 è entrada en vigur en l’Africa dal Sid ina constituziun transitorica. Ins ha convocà in’assamblea constituenta, la quala ha formulà e deliberà fin ils 9 da matg 1996 ina constituziun permanenta. Quella è vegnida renconuschida dal Tribunal constituziunal e suttascritta dal president Nelson Mandela il december 1996 ed è entrada en vigur ils 3 da favrer 1997. Dapi lura furma quella la basa legala suprema dal pajais e garantescha als burgais dretgs (umans) cumplessivs sco l’egualitad davant dretgira e la protecziun cunter la discriminaziun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislativa">Legislativa</h4></div> <p>La legislativa dal pajais consista d’in parlament da duas chombras ch’ha sia sedia en la Citad dal Cap. L’emprima chombra, l’Assamblea naziunala (National Assembly), vegn elegida tenor il sistem electoral da proporz; mintgamai la mesadad dals 400 commembers vegnan elegids en furma da glistas naziunalas e da glistas da provinza. La segunda chombra è il Cussegl da las provinzas (National Council of Provinces). En quel deleghescha mintgina da las nov provinzas independentamain da la grondezza e dal dumber d’abitants diesch commembers, dals quals sis èn delegads stabels (represchentants elegids or da las assambleas da las provinzas/Provincial Legislature) e quatter delegads spezials (il primminister da la provinza respectiva e delegads da la Provincial Legislature che roteschan tenor criteris tematics). Il primminister respectiv è mintgamai il parsura da la delegaziun da la provinza. Ina perioda d’uffizi dura en omaduas chasas tschintg onns. La regenza vegn elegida e furmada da l’Assamblea naziunala.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executiva">Executiva</h4></div> <p>Tenor la constituziun è il president da la Republica da l’Africa dal Sid tant schef da stadi sco er schef da la regenza. Il president vegn per ordinari elegì mintga tschintg onns tras l’Assamblea naziunala e represchentà tras in vicepresident, il qual figurescha er sco Leader of Government Business (manader da las fatschentas da la regenza). Ils ministers vegnan sco commembers dal cabinet nominads e relaschads dal president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politica_exteriura">Politica exteriura</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Survista_2">Survista</h4></div> <p>L’Africa dal Sid è stada in commember da fundaziun da la Societad da las naziuns ed ha cumenzà l’onn 1927 ad installar represchentanzas diplomaticas en ils impurtants stadis da l’Europa dal Vest ed en ils <a href="/wiki/Stadis_Unids" title="Stadis Unids">Stadis Unids</a>. L’anteriura colonia tudestga en l’Africa dal Sidvest (oz Namibia) è daventada suenter l’Emprima Guerra mundiala in territori sut mandat da la Societad da las naziuns ed è vegnida sut administraziun da l’Africa dal Sid. Durant las duas guerras mundialas han las forzas armadas sidafricanas battì sin la vart dals Alliads. </p><p>Suenter la fin da la Segunda Guerra mundiala è l’Africa dal Sid danovamain stada in commember fundatur da las Naziuns unidas ed il primminister da lezza giada, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Christiaan_Smuts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Christiaan Smuts (n'exista betg)">Jan Christiaan Smuts</a>, è stà in dals cumpiladers principals da la Charta da las Naziuns unidas. Ils onns 1950 fin 1953 è l’armada sidafricana sa participada sco part da las truppas da las Naziuns unidas a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guerra_da_Corea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guerra da Corea (n'exista betg)">Guerra da Corea</a>. En consequenza da la politica d’apartheid adina pli rigida, ha la communitad internaziunala da stadis isolà sur decennis l’Africa dal Sid. A la sortida dal Commonwealth of Nations l’onn 1961, suenter ina votaziun dal pievel il 1960, èn suandads a partir da l’onn 1977 l’embargo d’armas sco er pliras ulteriuras resoluziuns e sancziuns da las Naziuns unidas. L’economia è pegiurada visiblamain, investiders èn sa retratgs dal pajais, han refusà investiziuns u interrut il commerzi cun interpresas sidafricanas. Sportists e squadras han ins exclus d’occurrenzas da sport internaziunalas ed er il turissem è vegnì boicottà. Ultra da quai è la politica naziunala vegnida en il decurs dals onns 1970 en la crisa, uschia ch’il primminister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Willem_Botha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter Willem Botha (n'exista betg)">Pieter Willem Botha</a> ha discurrì d’in «total onslaught» («attatga totala») ed ha opponì a quella a partir dal 1978 ses program da regenza numnà Bothanomics. </p><p>Las forzas armadas sidafricanas èn stadas engaschadas durant il temp da l’apartheid en divers lieus en l’Africa. Uschia han ins per exempel tramess truppas en la guerra civila ad Angola ch’era parzialmain ina guerra da substituziun tranter ils Stadis Unids e l’<a href="/wiki/Uniun_sovietica" title="Uniun sovietica">Uniun sovietica</a>. Quai è succedì malgrà l’isolaziun diplomatica da vart americana. Fin il 1991 è l’Africa dal Sid er stada ina pussanza atomara ed era en possess da sis armas nuclearas d’atgna producziun e da rachetas intercontinentalas dal tip RSA-3. Avant che segnar il Contract da bloccada da la furniziun atomara ha il stadi destruì d’atgna iniziativa las chargias explosivas atomaras. </p><p>Sco part d’ina nova politica ch’ha cumenzà cun l’entrada en uffizi da president <a href="/w/index.php?title=F.W._de_Klerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F.W. de Klerk (n'exista betg)">F.W. de Klerk</a> l’onn 1989 e ch’ha muntà la fin da l’apartheid, ha la Namibia pudì declerar il 1989 l’independenza. Suenter las emprimas elecziuns ch’èn er stadas accessiblas a persunas betg alvas, l’avrigl 1994, e l’elecziun da l’emprim president nair <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelson Mandela (n'exista betg)">Nelson Mandela</a>, han ins abolì la gronda part da las sancziuns che la communitad internaziunala da stadis aveva imponì al pajais. Il prim da zercladur 1994 è la Republica da l’Africa dal Sid puspè entrada en il Commonwealth ed ils 23 da zercladur dal medem onn è il stadi danovamain vegnì recepì en l’Assamblea generala da las Naziuns unidas. Medemamain è l’Africa daventada commembra da l’Organisaziun per unitad africana (Organisation of African Unity), la quala sa numna dapi il 2002 Uniun africana. </p><p>Suenter avair surmuntà cun la fin da l’apartheid l’isolaziun internaziunala, è il pajais puspè daventà in partenari renconuschì tant en la politica sco er en l’economia. Impurtantas finamiras areguard la politica exteriura èn oz il mantegniment e l’extensiun da bunas relaziuns diplomaticas, surtut cun ils stadis vischins ed ils commembers da l’Uniun africana. </p><p>L’Africa dal Sid è il sulet represchentant da l’Africa en la gruppa dals G-20 ed entaifer ils stadis BRICS. Gia l’onn 2007 è il pajais vegnì envidà sper la <a href="/w/index.php?title=China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China (n'exista betg)">China</a>, l’<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Brasilia" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> a las contractivas dals G-8. Il pajais vala sco portavusch dal continent african e dals pajais en svilup e novs pajais industrials sco er d’in nov urden economic mundial. Da l’autra vart datti però er vuschs che fan a l’Africa dal Sid la reproscha da vulair stabilir en l’Africa ina posiziun da pussanza egemoniala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dretg">Dretg</h2></div> <p>Il Tribunal constituziunal cun sedia a Johannesburg è la pli auta instanza en dumondas da constituziun, entant ch’il Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa a Bloemfontein è la pli auta dretgira ordinaria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Militar">Militar</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Roodewal_Weapons_Range_-_(8724689015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Roodewal_Weapons_Range_-_%288724689015%29.jpg/220px-Roodewal_Weapons_Range_-_%288724689015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Roodewal_Weapons_Range_-_%288724689015%29.jpg/330px-Roodewal_Weapons_Range_-_%288724689015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Roodewal_Weapons_Range_-_%288724689015%29.jpg/440px-Roodewal_Weapons_Range_-_%288724689015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Schuldads da la South African National Defence Force</figcaption></figure> <p>L’armada sidafricana consista da radund 55 000 schuldads da professiun (situaziun dal 2005) e sa cumpona da las forzas terrestras (South African Army), da l’aviatica militara (South African Air Force), da la marina (South African Navy) e dal servetsch medicinal (South African Military Health Service).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L’obligaziun al servetsch militar è vegnida abolida l’onn 1994. L’Africa dal Sid impunda stgars 1 procent da sia prestaziun economica ubain 3,6 milliardas dollars per sias forzas armadas (situaziun dal 2017). </p><p>Dapi la fin da l’apartheid è l’armada sidafricana stada engaschada surtut en missiuns per segirar la pasch (p.ex. a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesotho (n'exista betg)">Lesotho</a>). Ultra da quai metta l’Africa dal Sid a disposiziun in dumber considerabel da chapellinas blauas per missiuns da pasch da las Naziuns unidas (t.a. en la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Democratica_dal_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica Democratica dal Congo (n'exista betg)">Republica Democratica dal Congo</a> ed en il <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administraziun_e_sutdivisiun_administrativa">Administraziun e sutdivisiun administrativa</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="En_general">En general</h3></div> <p>La Republica da l’Africa dal Sid è sutdividida a basa da sia constituziun dal 1996 en trais stgalims administrativs. Sisum sa chatta l’administraziun statala cun il president, la regenza che vegn manada da quel ed ils organs administrativs suttamess a quella. </p><p>Il stgalim che suonda sutvart la regenza furman las nov provinzas cun mintgamai in primminister, il qual maina il cabinet (Executive Council). La controlla publica vegn exequida tras in gremi da deputads (Provincial Legislature) che vegn elegì en tscherna libra. La represchentanza da las provinzas a nivel naziunal furma il Cussegl naziunal da las provinzas, il qual represchenta ensemen cun l’Assamblea naziunala il sistem a duas chombras da l’Africa dal Sid. </p><p>Las provinzas sidafricanas consistan en tut or dad otg vischnancas metropolitanas e 44 districts (district municipalities); ensemen cun la sutdivisiun da quests ultims, las bundant 200 vischnancas (local municipalities), furman questas unitads il nivel da l’administraziun locala. La controlla publica sur questas administraziuns vegn exequida tras cussegls municipals che consistan da commembers elegids en tscherna libra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provinzas">Provinzas</h3></div> <p>A la fin da l’apartheid l’onn 1994 han ils anteriurs homelands dependents e quasi dependents stuì vegnir reintegrads en las structuras politicas da l’Africa dal Sid. Quai ha manà a la dissoluziun da las quatter provinzas d’enfin qua (Provinza dal Cap, Natal, Stadi liber d’Oranje e Transvaal), las qualas èn vegnidas remplazzadas tras nov novas provinzas e las qualas cumpiglian uss l’entir territori statal da l’Africa dal Sid. Las provinzas da l’Africa dal Sid èn: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:South_Africa_Districts_April_2006.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Provinzas e districts"><img alt="Provinzas e districts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/South_Africa_Districts_April_2006.png/240px-South_Africa_Districts_April_2006.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/South_Africa_Districts_April_2006.png/360px-South_Africa_Districts_April_2006.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/South_Africa_Districts_April_2006.png/480px-South_Africa_Districts_April_2006.png 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Provinzas e districts</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nr. </th> <th>Provinza </th> <th>Anteriurs homelands e provinzas </th> <th>Chapitala </th> <th>Surfatscha (km²) </th> <th>Populaziun (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#e0e080;">1</td> <td>Cap Occidental<br />(Western Cape)</td> <td>Provinza dal Cap</td> <td>Citad dal Cap</td> <td>129.462</td> <td>5.822.734 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#e0a0c0;">2</td> <td>Cap Nord<br />(Northern Cape)</td> <td>Provinza dal Cap</td> <td>Kimberley</td> <td>372.889</td> <td>1.145.861 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#e0e040;">3</td> <td>Cap Oriental<br />(Eastern Cape)</td> <td>Provinza dal Cap, Transkei, Ciskei</td> <td>Bhisho</td> <td>168.966</td> <td>6.562.053 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#e04080;">4</td> <td>KwaZulu-Natal</td> <td>Natal, KwaZulu, Transkei</td> <td>Pietermaritzburg</td> <td>94.361</td> <td>10.267.300 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#80c080;">5</td> <td>Stadi Liber<br />(Free State)</td> <td>Stadi liber d’Oranje, Bophuthatswana, QwaQwa</td> <td>Bloemfontein</td> <td>129.825</td> <td>2.745.590 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#40c0c0;">6</td> <td>Nordwest<br />(North West)</td> <td>Transvaal, Provinza dal Cap, Bophuthatswana</td> <td>Mahikeng</td> <td>104.882</td> <td>3.509.953 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#a080c0;">7</td> <td>Gauteng</td> <td>Transvaal</td> <td>Johannesburg</td> <td>18.178</td> <td>12.272.263 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#808040;">8</td> <td>Mpumalanga</td> <td>Transvaal, KwaNdebele, KaNgwane, Bophuthatswana, Lebowa</td> <td>Mbombela</td> <td>76.495</td> <td>4.039.939 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#608040;">9</td> <td>Limpopo</td> <td>Transvaal, Venda, Lebowa, Gazankulu</td> <td>Polokwane</td> <td>125.754</td> <td>5.404.868 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citads_e_vischnancas">Citads e vischnancas</h3></div> <p>En rom da la gronda refurma da vischnancas da l’onn 2000 han ins unì bleras citads sidafricanas cun las vischnancas e townships circumdantas. Intginas da questas novas vischnancas metropolitanas han ins renumnà faschond diever da novs nums che derivan da linguas bantu ed accentuond uschia la nova schientscha da l’Africa dal Sid. Qua ina survista da las metropolitan municipalities: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable zebra"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rang </th> <th>Vischnanca </th> <th>Pli gronda citad </th> <th>Surfatscha (km²) </th> <th>Abitants (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Provinza </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>City of Johannesburg</td> <td>Johannesburg</td> <td>1644</td> <td>4.434.827</td> <td>Gauteng </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>City of Cape Town</td> <td>Citad dal Cap</td> <td>2499</td> <td>3.740.026</td> <td>Cap Occidental </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>eThekwini</td> <td>Durban</td> <td>2292</td> <td>3.442.361</td> <td>KwaZulu-Natal </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>City of Ekurhuleni</td> <td>Germiston</td> <td>1924</td> <td>3.178.470</td> <td>Gauteng </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>City of Tshwane</td> <td>Pretoria</td> <td>2198</td> <td>2.921.488</td> <td>Gauteng </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Nelson Mandela Bay</td> <td>Port Elizabeth</td> <td>1952</td> <td>1.152.115</td> <td>Cap Oriental </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Buffalo City</td> <td>East London</td> <td>2528</td> <td>755.200</td> <td>Cap Oriental </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Mangaung</td> <td>Bloemfontein</td> <td>6284</td> <td>747.431</td> <td>Stadi Liber </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Istorgia_economica">Istorgia economica</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Joburg_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Joburg_top.jpg/210px-Joburg_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Joburg_top.jpg/315px-Joburg_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Joburg_top.jpg/420px-Joburg_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Il center da Johannesburg</figcaption></figure> <p>En l’Africa dal Sid odierna ha dominà sur lung temp l’economia da subsistenza. Ils emprims colonisatura alvs han endrizzà a partir dal 1652 al lieu da la Citad dal Cap odierna ina staziun da provediment per equipas da navs, per la quala han stuì vegnir cultivadas mangiativas. L’agricultura ha dominà fin ch’ins ha scuvert l’onn 1867 a la riva da l’Oranje ils emprims diamants. Surtut a Kimberley èn sinaquai vegnids explotads diamants. Emprims chats d’aur en la part orientala dal Transvaal han carmalà blers chava-aur. L’onn 1886 han ins scuvert l’emprima giada aur en il Witwatersrand, quai ch’ha fatg prorumper vers il 1900 ina fevra d’aur ch’ha manà a la fundaziun da citads grondas sco Johannesburg. Sinaquai è prorutta la Segunda Guerra dals Burs, en rom da la quala ils Brits han cuntanschì la supremazia sur quest territori. Ils proxims onns e decennis èn adina puspè vegnidas a la glisch novas resursas mineralas. Dals gronds gudogns ch’èn resultads da quai ha surtut profità durant l’apartheid la gruppa da la populaziun alva. Miniers nairs stuevan per il pli far las lavurs ristgantas, pajadas mal. Savens eran quai lavurers migrants – uschia lavuravan il 1977 dapli che 128 000 miniers da Lesotho en las minas sidafricanas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ils onns suenter il 1980 èn surtut idas a perder en las minieras bleras plazzas da lavur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structura_economica_e_martgà_da_lavur"><span id="Structura_economica_e_martg.C3.A0_da_lavur"></span>Structura economica e martgà da lavur</h3></div> <p>Cun in product interiur brut da bundant 294 milliardas dollars l’onn 2016 è l’Africa dal Sid la terz gronda economia publica da l’Africa e tutga tar ils G8+5.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tschertas parts dals territoris rurals en ils anteriurs homelands sumeglian però in pajais en svilup. Il product interiur brut per chau munta a 5261 dollars; quai è il 94avel plaz en tut il mund ed il 6avel en l’Africa (situaziun dal 2016). En il Global Competitiveness Index, che mesira la capacitad da concurrer d’in pajais, ha l’Africa dal Sid occupà il 61 rang da 137 pajais (situaziun dal 2017–18). En l’Index per libertad economica sa chattava l’Africa dal Sid l’onn 2017 sin plaz 81 da 180 pajais. </p><p>L’Africa dal Sid dominescha l’economia da la part meridiunala da l’Africa e furma gia dapi l’onn 1910 ensemen cun Swasiland, Namibia, Lesotho e Botswana l’Uniun da duana da l’Africa dal Sid (SACU). Ultra da quai è l’Africa dal Sid commembra da la Cuminanza da svilup da l’Africa meridiunala (SADC) sco er dal program da svilup Nov partenadi per il svilup da l’Africa (NEPAD) da l’Uniun africana. </p><p>La cumpart dals divers secturs economics al product interiur brut munta a 66 % tar il sectur da servetschs e 31 % tar l’industria. L’Africa dal Sid ha in sistem da finanzas e da dretg bain sviluppà; il medem vala en general er per l’infrastructura (secturs da communicaziun, energia e transport). </p><p>Percunter tutga en l’Africa dal Sid il coeffizient da Gini, sco indicatur per il dischequiliber tranter entradas e consum, tar ils pli auts en tut il mund. La quota da dischoccupads muntava il 2017 uffizialmain 27 %, quella da giuvenils schizunt bunamain 50 %. Ultra da quai van be 13,6 milliuns Sidafricans a lavurar, radund 13 milliuns retiran agid social. </p><p>Er suenter la fin da l’apartheid n’èsi betg reussì da dismetter da fund ensi ils dischavantatgs economics da la populaziun betg alva. Tranter il 1994 ed il 2004 è la dischoccupaziun dals nairs creschida da 36 % sin 47 %. Lur entradas medias èn schizunt sa sbassadas realmain per 19 %, entant che quellas dals alvs èn creschidas per 15 %. La quota da povradad è medemamain sa pegiurada. La cumpart da managers nairs en interpresas quotadas a la bursa è percunter s’augmentada da 0 % sin 20 %. Per far frunt als dischavantatgs economics da la populaziun naira, sa stenta la regenza d’occupar dapli plazzas en l’administraziun ed en gronds concerns industrials cun candidats da colur naira. Represchentants da la populaziun alva crititgeschan vi da questa varianta sidafricana da l’affirmative action (vul dir da la concessiun d’avantatgs intenziunada per la gruppa da la populaziun discriminada) che la prestaziun na stettia betg pli en il center. Bleras persunas qualifitgadas, surtut medis ed inschigners, reageschan sin quai cun emigraziun, per il pli en l’Australia, il Canada ed ils Stadis Unids. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industria">Industria</h3></div> <p>Products industrials, tant en il sectur primar sco er secundar, contribueschan ina gronda part a las entradas d’export da l’Africa dal Sid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minieras">Minieras</h4></div> <p>Il pajais dispona da fitg vastas resursas mineralas, l’explotaziun da las qualas cumporta 40 fin 50 % dals gudogns d’export da l’Africa dal Sid. Il pajais dispona da las pli grondas quantitads explotadas da crom (44 % da l’explotaziun mundiala), platin (47 %), mangan e vanadium (57 %). Daspera posseda l’Africa dal Sid gronds giaschaments dad aur (21 %), diamants (9 %), charvun (6 %), minerals da fier, nichel, titan, antimon e palladium. </p><p>L’industria da minieras vegn dominada da paucs concerns che tutgan tar ils pli gronds en tut il mund, tranter auter Anglo American, Glencore, ARMgold, Anglogold Ashanti ed Implats. Il concern Lonmin, che dominescha l’explotaziun da platin, ed il producent da diamants De Beers tutgan parzialmain u dal tuttafatg tar Anglo American.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Thabazimbi_-_Iron_ore_mining_-_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Thabazimbi_-_Iron_ore_mining_-_002.JPG/210px-Thabazimbi_-_Iron_ore_mining_-_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Thabazimbi_-_Iron_ore_mining_-_002.JPG/315px-Thabazimbi_-_Iron_ore_mining_-_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Thabazimbi_-_Iron_ore_mining_-_002.JPG/420px-Thabazimbi_-_Iron_ore_mining_-_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Miniera da fier sper Thabazimbi (provinza Limpopo)</figcaption></figure> <p>La cumpetitivitad da las minas sidafricanas vegn flaivlentada tras chaumas ch’èn vaira frequentas e che sa drizzan cunter las pajas bassas e las cundiziuns da lavur manglusas. La lavur en las minieras è colliada cun gronds ristgs. Tranter il 1984 ed il 2005 èn morts en l’Africa dal Sid 11 100 miniers. Il dumber d’occupads en l’explotaziun dad aur e da charvun da crap è sa diminuì tranter il 1987 ed il 1996 per radund 200 000. L’onn 1997 eran occupads en l’industria da minieras 560 000 persunas. </p><p>En connex cun l’export da materias primas mineralas e da products metallurgics èn ils ports da Saldanha, Richards Bay e Ngqura da gronda muntada per l’economia publica. Quels vegnan administrads e gestiunads dal concern da transport statal Transnet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ulteriuras_branschas_industrialas">Ulteriuras branschas industrialas</h4></div> <p>Da muntada èn er la fabricaziun d’autos e l’industria da furniziun respectiva sco er l’industria da textilias e l’industria da telecommunicaziun. L’industria d’armament avev’ins extendì vastamain dal temp da l’apartheid, perquai ch’ils embargos impedivan d’importar tals bains; sin quest sectur èn vinavant activas las interpresas Denel ed ARMSCOR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provediment_d’energia"><span id="Provediment_d.E2.80.99energia"></span>Provediment d’energia</h4></div> <p>La gronda part dal provediment d’energia deriva dal concern Eskom che furma areguard la producziun il settavel grond producent da forza electrica en tut il mund. Radund 91 % da l’energia derivavan il 2009 da combustibels fossils, per gronda part d’implants d’energia a charvun. Damai che l’Africa dal Sid na dispona strusch d’ieli mineral, han ins erigì dal temp da l’apartheid a Sasolburg e Secunda gronds implants da liquefacziun da charvun, en ils quals ins gudogna carburants e products da basa per l’industria chemica. Davant la costa sper Mossel Bay vegn er gudagnà gas natiral. Daspera exista ina pitschna cumpart d’energia nucleara. Da preschent vegnan acceleradas las investiziuns en energias regenerablas sco la forza idraulica, l’energia solara u implants eroelectrics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultura">Agricultura</h3></div> <p>Cumbain che be 2,4 % dal product interiur brut da l’Africa dal Sid derivan da l’agricultura, è il pajais il terz grond exportader da products agrars en tut il mund. Producì vegn surtut granezza (oravant tut tirc e furment), channa da zutger, fritgs e legums, charn e vin. Regiuns cun agricultura intensiva sa chattan en ils areals dal pajais che porschan bunas relaziuns climaticas ubain èn vegnids endrizzads en il decurs dal 20avel tschientaner a basa da vasts sistems da sauaziun, sco per exempel Vaalharts Water. </p><p>La viticultura en l’Africa dal Sid ha ina fitg buna reputaziun e tutga tar las pli enconuschentas en tut il mund. 425 bains produceschan bunamain 4000 differents vins. Las enconuschentas regiuns da viticultura enturn Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl e Somerset West furman l’accent principal entaifer l’agricultura en la provinza Cap Occidental. Dapli che 300 bains da vignas èn da chattar sulettamain en quest territori. Dapi il 1994 è l’export da vin da l’Africa dal Sid creschì da 51 milliuns sin 420 milliuns liters l’onn 2018. La gronda part da la producziun totala da 960,2 milliuns liters (situaziun dal 2018) vegn consumada en il pajais sez; radund 163,9 milliuns liters èn vegnids exportads il medem onn en furma embuttigliada. </p><p>L’agricultura sidafricana producescha ina vasta paletta da products da plantas en furma da fritgs, legums e tes. Surtut ils fritgs na servan betg be a proveder il martgà intern, mabain furman bains d’export cun buna rendita. Tranter quels tutgan fritgs da citrus sco oranschas, clementinas, mandarinas, pampelmusas, satsumas e citronas. Er auters fritgs fan part dal volum d’export da l’economia agrara, il qual cumpiglia en pli las furniziuns da las plantaschas dad Eswatini (fin il 2018 Swasiland). Ils pli impurtants products èn ananas, apricosas, avocados, bananas, frajas, ivas, kakis, kiwis, litschis, mails, mangos, melonas, nectarinas, pairs, palogas, persics e tschareschas. Impurtants pajais d’export èn la China, l’Uniun europeica, il Giapun, la Corea dal Sid ed ils Stadis Unids. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turissem">Turissem</h3></div> <p>Il turissem è sa sviluppà dapi la fin dal 20avel tschientaner ad in impurtant factur economic. Enconuschentas attracziuns èn tranter auter: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Cape_Town_30_Jan_2012_029.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cape_Town_30_Jan_2012_029.JPG/220px-Cape_Town_30_Jan_2012_029.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cape_Town_30_Jan_2012_029.JPG/330px-Cape_Town_30_Jan_2012_029.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cape_Town_30_Jan_2012_029.JPG/440px-Cape_Town_30_Jan_2012_029.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Citad dal Cap cun il Tafelberg</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>las muntognas d’Amathole</li> <li>la tgina da l’umanitad cun ils lieus d’exchavaziun Sterkfontein e Kromdraai, dapi il 1999 Patrimoni cultural mundial da l’UNESCO</li> <li>ils Drakensberge</li> <li>Durban cun las rivas da sablun vischinantas</li> <li>Garden Route</li> <li>la Citad dal Cap cun il Tafelberg e la Peninsla dal Cap</li> <li>la regiun da vin enturn Stellenbosch, Franschhoek und Paarl</li> <li>il Parc naziunal Kruger ed ulteriurs parcs naziunals</li> <li>Namaqualand</li> <li>Sun City (surtut turissem da l’intern)</li> <li>Wild Coast</li> <li>Witwatersrand cun Johannesburg</li></ul> <p>L’onn 2002 han dapli che sis milliuns turists visità il pajais; il 2005 ha la cumpart dal turissem al product interiur brut muntà tenor stimaziuns bundant 7 %. Radund 3 % dals Sidafricans cun activitad da gudogn lavuran en la branscha da turissem, per la quala vegnan prognostitgadas ulteriuras ratas da creschientscha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commerzi_cun_l’exteriur"><span id="Commerzi_cun_l.E2.80.99exteriur"></span>Commerzi cun l’exteriur</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" width="60%"> <caption>Ils pli gronds partenaris da commerzi da l’Africa dal Sid il 2016 (GTAI)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" width="280">Export (en procent) </th> <th colspan="2" align="center" width="280">Import (en procent) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="240">Republica Populara da la China </td> <td align="right">9,2 </td> <td width="240">Republica Populara da la China </td> <td align="right">18,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stadis Unids </td> <td align="right">7,4 </td> <td>Germania </td> <td align="right">11,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germania </td> <td align="right">7,1 </td> <td>Stadis Unids </td> <td align="right">6,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Botswana </td> <td align="right">5,0 </td> <td>India </td> <td align="right">4,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Namibia </td> <td align="right">4,8 </td> <td>Arabia Saudita </td> <td align="right">3,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giapun </td> <td align="right">4,7 </td> <td>Giapun </td> <td align="right">3,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gronda Britannia </td> <td align="right">4,3 </td> <td>Frantscha </td> <td align="right">3,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ulteriurs pajais </td> <td align="right">57,5 </td> <td>ulteriurs pajais </td> <td align="right">49,0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budget_statal">Budget statal</h3></div> <p>Il budget statal ha cumpiglià il 2016 expensas en l’autezza da 86,5 milliardas dollars ed entradas da 76,6 milliardas dollars. Da quai resulta in deficit dal budget en l’autezza da 3,5 % dal product interiur brut. Ils debits dal stadi han muntà il 2016 129,7 milliardas dollars u 43,4 % dal product interiur brut. </p><p>Da las expensas statalas dal 2006 èn vegnids impundids (en % dal product interiur brut): 8,0 % en la sanadad, 5,4 % en la furmaziun e 1,7 % en il militar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructura_da_traffic">Infrastructura da traffic</h2></div> <p>En il Logistics Performance Index, il qual vegn eruì da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banca_mundiala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banca mundiala (n'exista betg)">Banca mundiala</a> e mesira la qualitad da l’infrastructura, è l’Africa dal Sid stada il 2018 sin il 33avel plaz tranter 160 pajais. Il pajais dispona uschia da la meglra infrastructura dal continent african. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_aviatic">Traffic aviatic</h3></div> <p>Las duas pli grondas e pli impurtantas plazzas aviaticas dal pajais sa chattan a Johannesburg ed en la Citad dal Cap. La societad aviatica sidafricana South African Airways (SAA) e bleras grondas societads aviaticas internaziunalas porschan colliaziuns internaziunals da e tar questas duas plazzas aviaticas. Plazzas aviaticas bundant pli pitschnas sa chattan a Durban, Port Elizabeth, East London, George, Lanseria, Bloemfontein, Kimberley ed Upington. Sgols a l’intern dal pajais u en ils stadis vischins africans porschan sper la SAA er societads aviaticas sco Comair, Nationwide, Kulula, 1time ed Air Namibia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viafier">Viafier</h3></div> <p>La rait da viafier sidafricana vegn surtut gestiunada da Transnet Freight Rail. La rait ha ina lunghezza da radund 24 000 kilometers e serva oravant tut al transport da vitgira. Dal traffic da persunas s’occupa surtut là Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). </p><p>Colliaziuns da trens regularas existan tranter las citads pli grondas, ma per part er sin lingias secundaras. Enconuschents trens da luxus èn il Blue Train ed il Pride of Africa. Las aglomeraziuns da Johannesburg/Pretoria, Durban, Citad dal Cap e Port Elizabeth/East London disponan er da viafiers urbanas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_da_bus">Traffic da bus</h3></div> <p>Colliaziuns da bus internaziunalas furman las lingias Intercape Mainliner da Windhoek en la Citad dal Cap e Translux da Harare sur Bulawayo a Johannesburg. Translux cursescha sco las Greyhound Coach Lines, il Baz Bus ed Intercape er a l’intern dal pajais. Las fermadas èn savens flexiblas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rait_da_vias_e_traffic_d’autos"><span id="Rait_da_vias_e_traffic_d.E2.80.99autos"></span>Rait da vias e traffic d’autos</h3></div> <p>L’Africa dal Sid enconuscha il traffic a sanestra. Il pajais dispona d’ina rait da vias bain sviluppada, cun autostradas en e per part tranter las citads grondas. La pli lunga autostrada collia Johannesburg cun Durban. L’entira rait da vias ha ina lunghezza da bundant 747 000 km, dals quals radund 159 000 èn asfaltads (situaziun dal 2014). </p><p>Damai ch’il sistem da traffic public è en bleras regiuns vaira mudest, èn ils pendularis dependents là da taxis collectivs, da bus u dal traffic individual. Quai augmenta considerablamain il traffic e maina durant tscherts temps en las aglomeraziuns ad autostradas surchargiadas e colonnas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_da_velos">Traffic da velos</h3></div> <p>Per bleras persunas, surtut en regiuns ruralas ed entaifer las classas socialas pli povras, è il velo il med da traffic usità. Pervi da las grondas distanzas, la topografia e las relaziuns climaticas servan quels però be al traffic local. En las citads datti plitost paucas vias da velos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problems_dal_pajais">Problems dal pajais</h2></div> <p>Malgrà il svilup positiv dapi las elecziuns dal 1994 existan en l’Africa dal Sid vinavant fitg grondas disparitads socialas. Uschia vegnan nairs er suenter la fin da l’apartheid per ordinari anc adina pajads bundant mender che alvs. Grondas parts da la populaziun vivan en townships a l’ur da bleras citads. Tar quels sa tracti da quartiers d’abitar, en ils quals il standard da viver è er oz, malgrà svilups positivs, vinavant fitg bass. Entant ch’ils abitants bainstants dal pajais – per gronda part anc adina alvs, ma en il fratemp er adina dapli nairs – vivan en zonas d’abitar serradas ch’èn per part circumdadas cun saivs e munidas cun persunal da segirezza, viva la gronda part dals povers, per gronda part nairs e coloureds, en las townships ed en simpels abitadis rurals. Qua ha la populaziun savens difficultads da chattar l’access a las pussaivladads da furmaziun dal stadi sidafrican. Ina consequenza directa da questas relaziuns furma l’enorm auta rata da criminalitad en diversas regiuns sutsviluppadas (cf. sutvart). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anteriurs_homelands_e_townships">Anteriurs homelands e townships</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg/210px-Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg/315px-Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg/420px-Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption>Charta d’anteriurs homelands</figcaption></figure> <p>Las townships han servì avant e durant l’apartheid sco zonas d’abitar en vischinanza da citads grondas u d’implants industrials per la populaziun naira, ils coloureds ed ils Inds. Questas zonas pon avair la dimensiun d’ina citad da grondezza mesauna. Enconuschents exempels èn Soweto (South Western Townships), oz ina part da la citad da Johannesburg, u Cato Manor a l’ur da la citad gronda Durban. </p><p>Sco homelands han ins designà durant l’apartheid las zonas d’abitar ch’eran vegnidas attribuidas a la populaziun naira. Quellas sa basavan per gronda part sin ils reservats d’antruras ed avevan gia retschet il 1913 tras il Natives Land Act (Act No. 27) ina basa legislativa. En la politica da homelands ha la separaziun da las razzas chattà sia basa demografica e territoriala. Ina gronda part da la populaziun minoritara naira han ins desintegrà en questa moda en l’Africa dal Sid, betg il davos per evitar ch’i sa furmia in stadi unitar dominà dals nairs. Ils homelands èn vegnids designads en rom d’in process ch’ha durà onns sco stadis formalmain independents. Als abitants da quels dueva uschia vegnir concedì in’independenza apparenta; ma facticamain n’èn las persunas pertutgadas gnanc vegnidas involvidas en quest svilup. Per blers da quests territoris ha la regenza sidafricana decretà ils pass correspundents. Facticamain sa tractavi sulettamain da territoris ch’eran spartids da l’ulteriur territori statal tras dretg d’autonomia, ma che dependevan da quel cumplettamain en dumondas economicas, finanzialas e militaras. Il Transkei è vegnì declerà il 1976 sco emprima regiun independenta; in onn pli tard è suandà Bophuthatswana, Venda 1979 e Ciskei 1981. En rom da la politica industriala sidafricana han ils homelands giugà ina rolla centrala sco reservuars da forzas da lavur a pajas bassas e per il pli senza emprendissadi. L’emprim cun agid da la banca da svilup statala Industrial Development Corporation ed investiders da l’intern dal pajais, pli tard er da l’exteriur, ha la regenza concentrà a moda intenziunada implants industrials als cunfins dals homelands. </p><p>Ils onns 1980 ed a l’entschatta dals onns 1990 han ins er cumenzà qua cun mesiras da qualificaziun professiunala per pudair mantegnair l’effizienza dals manaschis. Cun l’isolaziun internaziunala creschenta dal pajais pervi da la politica da repressiun dal pajais cunter la populaziun betg europeica n’èn ils effects da questa politica industriala però betg sa mussads en tala dimensiun sco che la regenza aveva sperà. E suenter la fin dal reschim d’apartheid han ins integrà ils Homelands en las novas provinzas da la Republica da l’Africa dal Sid. </p><p>Anc adina ha l’Africa dal Sid da batter cun ils effects socio-economics ed infrastructurals da quest svilup separà. Ils territoris dals anteriurs homelands èn sviluppads il pli pauc, han parzialmain ina fitg auta spessezza da la populaziun e las pli bassas entradas per chau. Uschia furma per exempel la provinza Cap Oriental, en la quala èn vegnids integrads ils dus homelands cun la pli gronda populaziun, Transkei e Ciskei, la provinza la pli povra e la pli pauc sviluppada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Populaziun_rurala_e_persunas_senza_funs">Populaziun rurala e persunas senza funs</h3></div> <p>Radund 40 % da la populaziun da l’Africa dal Sid vivan ordaifer las citads e las aglomeraziuns industrialas. Las cundiziuns d’existenza da questa populaziun rurala èn per gronda part povras fin precaras. En las regiuns che na tutgan betg tar las zonas cun in’economia agrara bain sviluppada vivan radund 12 milliuns umans. Er entaifer la politica da funs da la regenza sidafricana suenter l’apartheid n’han ins betg purschì a questas regiuns perspectivas a lunga vista, mabain las ha plitost considerà sco relicts da la planisaziun regiunala dal temp da l’apartheid. Per ina gronda part da la populaziun pertutgada èn pajaments da transfer dal stadi social la suletta furma d’entradas regularas. Essend che la gronda part da las finamiras strategicas da la regenza s’occupan cun il meglierament da las cundiziuns da viver e l’infrastructura en il territori urban, èn ils problems specifics ch’èn colliads cun las relaziuns da viver ruralas cleramain sutrepreschentads en il process politic. Sin ina refurma funsila substanziala speran blers gia dapi il 1994, ma per gronda part è la politica sa cuntentada fin uss cun decleraziuns d’intenziun. A quai n’ha er betg pudì midar bler il Landless People’s Movement (LPM) ch’è sa furmà suenter il 2001 ed al qual igl era reussì l’emprim da mobilisar politicamain numerusas persunas senza funs. Suenter che la regenza n’ha mussà nagina veglia da midar sia politica, è quest moviment per gronda part puspè dà dapart. Percunter ha l’Assamblea naziunala decidì il 2018 d’eleger ina cumissiun che duai preparar ina midada da la constituziun che lubiss tar ils gronds proprietaris l’expropriaziun da terren senza indemnisaziun.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanadad">Sanadad</h3></div> <p>Tar ils pli gronds problems da sanadad da l’Africa dal Sid tutga AIDS: Tenor stimaziuns dad UNAIDS da l’onn 2014 èn 6,5 fin 7,6 milliuns abitants HIV-positiv; en la gruppa da la populaziun tranter 15 e 49 onns duain esser pertutgads radund 19 % da tut las persunas. Quest svilup ha gì in tschert temp per il pajais consequenzas demograficas dramaticas: l’aspectativa da vita è sa sbassada dal 1990 fin il 2005 da stgars 65 onns sin 52 onns, è però puspè creschida fin il 2014 sin 61 onns. Sco in dals motivs vegn inditgada la mancanza resp. la derasaziun insuffizienta da campagnas da scleriment preventivas. </p><p>In’ulteriura malsogna ch’è per part colliada cun la problematica da HIV è la tuberculosa (TBC). L’onn 2013 han ins dumbrà radund 450 000 cas da TBC, da quels eran 270 000 persunas HIV-positiv. Ils ultims onns è la regenza sa stentada cun differentas mesiras da dar dumogn a questa malsogna. </p><p>Il provediment d’aua dal pajais è percunter quasi sin il nivel dals stadis industrials: D’access ad aua da baiver schubra – in dretg uman pretendì da l’UNO dapi il 2020 – disponan tenor l’Organisaziun mundiala da la sanadad ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNICEF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNICEF (n'exista betg)">UNICEF</a> radund 90 % dals Sidafricans. En il pajais vischin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosambic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosambic (n'exista betg)">Mosambic</a> han damain che 50 % dals umans access ad aua da baiver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criminalitad">Criminalitad</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:People%27s_March_Anti_Xenophobia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/People%27s_March_Anti_Xenophobia.jpg/230px-People%27s_March_Anti_Xenophobia.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/People%27s_March_Anti_Xenophobia.jpg/345px-People%27s_March_Anti_Xenophobia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/People%27s_March_Anti_Xenophobia.jpg/460px-People%27s_March_Anti_Xenophobia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Demonstraziun cunter xenofobia a Johannesburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Tranter ils pajais, per ils quals existan statisticas da polizia fidablas, tutga l’Africa dal Sid tar quels cun las pli autas ratas da criminalitad. Anc adina furman surtut las autas cifras da mazzaments e da violaziuns ina gronda smanatscha per la populaziun. Quai ha tranter auter per consequenza che blers Sidafricans bainstants da tuttas gruppas da la populaziun van a star en quartiers d’abitar circumdads cun autas saivs e munids cun atgna infrastructura sco negozis e scolas. </p><p>Ils motivs per la criminalitad fitg auta èn multifars. Dapi tschientaners exista en l’Africa dal Sid ina societad che n’accepta betg be violenza, mabain che l’approvescha e sustegna. Vitiers vegn l’experientscha cun il sistem politic da la segregaziun da las razzas, dal qual las consequenzas tardivas sa fan valair lunsch sur l’onn 1994 or, tranter auter en furma da famiglias sgurdinadas u da violenza en chasa ch’è vegnida dada vinavant sin ils uffants. </p><p>Betg main impurtants èn motivs economics. Anc adina è la gronda part da la populaziun fitg povra e la quota da dischoccupads, surtut tranter giuvenils da colur naira, auta. Er l’ineffizienza e corrupziun da vart da la polizia e giustia èn en tschertas regiuns in problem. Tenor l’Index da percepziun da la corrupziun da Transparency International sa chattava l’Africa dal Sid l’onn 2016 ensemen cun la Bulgaria e Vanuatu sin plaz 71 da 180 pajais (cun 43 da maximal 100 puncts). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sura_e_sut">Sura e sut</h3></div> <p>La finamira ideala da crear schanzas da svilup individualas egualas per tut ils burgais e da meglierar il standard da viver per la gronda gruppa da populaziun fitg povra ha sa laschà realisar fin qua be a moda fragmentara e nunsuffizienta. Malgrà success respectabels sin divers champs (provediment d’aua e d’electricitad, infrastructura da traffic, sectur da sanadad e.a.) èn ils musters macroeconomics sa midads be pauc. Perquai ha be in dumber da persunas relativamain pitschen pudì profitar da las midadas (surtut emploiads dal servetsch public e d’interpresas). Facticamain è il pajais anc adina segnà d’ina fitg gronda discrepanza tranter ritg e pover; il coeffizient da Gini è schizunt s’augmentà suenter il 1995. En l’Africa dal Sid s’etablescha ina tenuta stereotipa, tenor la quala la populaziun povra possia lavurar vinavant per pajas fitg bassas; la gruppa regenta percunter (che na sa cumpona betg pli be dad alvs, mabain da represchentants da tuttas gruppas) s’allontanescha adina pli fitg da la classa sociala inferiura. Sco in dals motivs per quest svilup pauc empermettend fa il sociolog sidafrican <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schlemmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Schlemmer (n'exista betg)">Lawrence Schlemmer</a> tranter auter valair il fatg che l’apartheid vegnia anc adina duvrada a moda pauschalisanta sco motiv e sco stgisa per tuts svilups sbagliads actuals.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Furmaziun">Furmaziun</h2></div> <p>La gronda part da la populaziun frequenta scolas publicas; daspera existan er scolas privatas. A partir dal 7avel onn da vita èn obligatorics set onns Primary School; silsuenter vegn frequentada ina High School (scola secundara). Sin tut ils stgalims da scola vegnan purtadas en l’Africa dal Sid unifurmas. Il temp da scola obligatoric finescha suenter la 9avla classa. Tgi che cuntinuescha la scola fin la 12avla classa fa a la fin in examen final (matric). Quel han dumagnà il 2010 76 % dals scolars; da quai han 28 % cuntanschì il nivel necessari per pudair studegiar ad in’universitad. Las universitads èn da differenta qualitad; las meglras tutgan tar las scolas autas africanas cun il meglier renum (p.ex. l’universitad da la Citad dal Cap) e l’universitad tecnica Tshwane a Pretoria è ina da las pli grondas universitads dal continent. </p><p>Er suenter la fin da l’apartheid existan inegualitads areguard las schanzas da furmaziun, quai ch’è ina gronda sfida sociopolitica. Malgrà las grondas investiziuns finanzialas (var 20 % da tut las expensas statalas) n’èsi fin uss betg reussì da schliar quest problem. Las scolas publicas dumbran en media anc adina var 30 scolars per magister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medias">Medias</h2></div> <p>Suenter la fin da la politica da minoritad alva han ins abolì la censura e mess en vigur ina nova constituziun liberala, betg discriminanta. Quella cumpiglia er ils dretgs burgais da la libertad d’opiniun e da medias. L’onn 2016 sa chattava il pajais sin l’index da la libertad da pressa, che vegn edì da Reporters senza cunfins, sin plaz 39 da 180 stadis. </p><p>Dapi la fin da l’apartheid è la cuntrada mediala oramai fitg vasta, libra ed activa. Las diversas gasettas e programs da radio e televisiun che publitgeschan ed emettan en las numerusas linguas uffizialas rendan visibla la multifariadad culturala dals abitants dal pajais. Sco lingua la pli derasada en las medias è però s’etablì ils ultims onns l’englais, suandà da l’afrikaans. </p><p>Malgrà ils success dals ultims onns datti tuttina da menziunar intgins puncts critics areguard la libertad da pressa. Uschia vegnan quasi tut las grondas gasettas dal di edidas da be quatter grondas interpresas da medias, quai che pudess manar en l’avegnir ad in’infurmaziun unilaterala. Ultra da quai vegn crititgà che la South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), l’emettur statal da radio e televisiun, infurmeschia a moda memia bainvulenta envers la regenza resp. l’ANC, damai che la maioritad dals emploiads èn commembers da l’ANC u vegnan influenzads da quel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Annie_of_the_Royal_Bafokeng.Jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annie_of_the_Royal_Bafokeng.Jpeg/190px-Annie_of_the_Royal_Bafokeng.Jpeg" decoding="async" width="190" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annie_of_the_Royal_Bafokeng.Jpeg/285px-Annie_of_the_Royal_Bafokeng.Jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annie_of_the_Royal_Bafokeng.Jpeg/380px-Annie_of_the_Royal_Bafokeng.Jpeg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>Maletg da Maggie Laubser (1945)</figcaption></figure> <p>L’Africa dal Sid n’ha pervi da ses svilup istoric e sia multifariadad etnica nagina cultura unitara, las tradiziuns ed ils usits sa differenzieschan fitg ferm tenor regiun e structura da la populaziun. Perquai vegn il pajais savens designà oz sco naziun-artg, damai che be paucs pajais dal mund enserran ina tala diversitad culturala da tut ils continents. </p><p>Da la populaziun maioritara da colur naira viva anc adina ina part considerabla en relaziuns povras en territoris rurals, economicamain flaivels. Surtut da quella vegnan oz anc tgirads e mantegnids en vita ils rituals tradiziunals cun saut e musica; uschiglio han l’urbarisaziun e l’europeisaziun cuntinuanta dal pajais e da sia populaziun originara fatg regredir ils usits e la cultura tradiziunala. Ils Sidafricans nairs che vivan en las citads discurran quasi tuts sper lur lingua materna er englais u afrikaans. </p><p>La moda da viver da la minoritad da colur alva è en blers reguards sumeglianta a quella en l’Europa dal Vest, en l’America dal Nord u en l’Oceania. En il fratemp han las ostilitads istoricas tranter ils Africans ed ils alvs per gronda part pudì vegnir surmuntadas, uschia che las duas gruppas etnicas vivan ensemen a moda paschaivla. </p><p>Malgrà la discriminaziun durant il temp da l’apartheid sa sentan ils coloureds colliads pli ferm cun la cultura alva che cun la cultura sidafricana naira. Quai sa mussa surtut tar quels che discurran afrikaans sco lingua materna e ch’han las medemas u sumegliantas religiuns sco ils alvs. Be ina pitschna minoritad dals coloureds, ils uschenumnads Malais dal Cap, èn muslims. </p><p>Ils Asiats, oravant tut quels d’origin indic, tgiran lur atgna ierta culturala, lingua e religiun. Ils Inds èn vegnids colonisads en il 18avel tschientaner en l’Africa dal Sid per lavurar sin las plantaschas da channa da zutger da Natal (oz provinza KwaZulu-Natal). Tar la gronda part dad els sa tracti da hindus u da muslims sunnitics; en il fratemp discurran tuts englais sco lingua materna, entant ch’ins frunta en l’Africa dal Sid adina pli darar sin linguas sco tamil u gujarati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musica">Musica</h3></div> <p>La musica sidafricana è segnada d’ina gronda varietad. Populara è surtut la musica da rock e da pop ed il jazz; quests stils vegnan tgirads en divers subgeners ch’èn colliads cun stils da musica tipics per il pajais u cun gruppas socialas specificas. </p><p>Stils da musica regiunals èn gia sa sviluppads fitg baud entaifer las differentas etnias. Fin oz tgiran tranter auter Zulu, Xhosa e Basotho quests stils, integrond adina puspè er influenzas modernas. Ina musica caracteristica dals Zulu è isicathamiya che vegn chantà da chors virils. In stil modern entaifer la musica dals Zulu è maskandi (u maskanda). Popular tar ils Basotho è il stil famo ch’è per part collià cun sauts excitants. </p><p>En il 19avel tschientaner è sa sviluppà sut influenza europeica la boeremusiek, ina musica da saut instrumentala ch’è restada populara fin oz tranter ils Burs. L’instrument principal da quest stil è la concertina. In dals pli enconuschents musicists è l’accordeonist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Carstens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nico Carstens (n'exista betg)">Nico Carstens</a> (1926–2016). Daspera datti er musica chantada en afrikaans che cumpiglia savens elements da country. </p><p>A l’entschatta dal 20avel tschientaner è sa sviluppada da la maschaida da musica da baselgia europeica, dal gospel nordamerican e da tradiziuns indigenas ina furma speziala da la musica da baselgia; quella è d’ina vart populara en furma da numerus chors, da l’autra vart en furma da solists sco la chantadura da gospel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_Malope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebecca Malope (n'exista betg)">Rebecca Malope</a>. Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soweto_Gospel_Choir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soweto Gospel Choir (n'exista betg)">Soweto Gospel Choir</a> sa deditgescha medemamain a la musica da gospel. Il cumponist da musica sacrala <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enoch_Mankayi_Sontonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enoch Mankayi Sontonga (n'exista betg)">Enoch Mankayi Sontonga</a> ha scrit enturn il 1900 la chanzun ‹Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika›, la quala fa part dapi il 1996 da l’imni naziunal da l’Africa dal Sid. Durant il temp da l’apartheid è questa chanzun savens vegnida chantada sco simbol da la resistenza. </p><p>Il pli vegl chor anc existent è il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellenbosch_University_Choir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellenbosch University Choir (n'exista betg)">Stellenbosch University Choir</a> ch’è vegnì fundà il 1936 e ch’è enconuschent per musica chantada a capella. L’emprim hit dal qual èn vegnidas vendidas en l’Africa dal Sid dapli che 100 000 plattas è stada la chanzun ‹Mbube›, scritta da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Linda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Linda (n'exista betg)">Solomon Linda</a> (1939). </p><p>A basa da rock’n’roll e swing è sa sviluppà ils onns 1950 il kwela ch’è segnà dal diever da flautas da sturs. Il quartier da la citad da Johannesburg Sophiatown valeva da quel temp sco center dal jazz sidafrican. Bain la pli famusa represchentanta da la musica sidafricana è <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miriam_Makeba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miriam Makeba (n'exista betg)">Miriam Makeba</a> (1932–2008), er enconuschenta sco ‹Mama Afrika›. Ella ha medemamain gì ses emprims success a Sophiatown e cuntanschì ils onns 1960 in success mundial cun sia chanzun ‹Pata Pata›, chantada en la lingua isixhosa. </p><p>Mbaqanga è in ulteriur stil popular ch’è sa furmà ils onns 1960 e ch’è segnà da ritmus ch’animeschan da sautar e d’influenzas tradiziunalas. Ina furma speziala, la musica da mgqashiyo, è vegnida enconuschenta tras las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahotella_Queens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahotella Queens (n'exista betg)">Mahotella Queens</a>. Tar ils musicists da mbaqanga ch’èn daventads ils pli populars tutga la chantadura <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yvonne_Chaka_Chaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yvonne Chaka Chaka (n'exista betg)">Yvonne Chaka Chaka</a>. Ses hit dal 1985 ‹I’m in Love with a DJ› vala sco emprim success da la musica da bubblegum, ina varianta da mbaqanga ch’integrescha synthesizers e keyboards electrics. </p><p>Ils onns 1970 ha existì en la Citad dal Cap ina scena da rock fitg activa ch’ha er cumpiglià elements da disco, punc, gothic rock (<a href="/w/index.php?title=No_Friends_of_Harry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No Friends of Harry (n'exista betg)">No Friends of Harry</a>) ed alternative metal. La chantadura <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nianell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nianell (n'exista betg)">Nianell</a> chanta en englais u afrikaans musica da pop cun influenzas dal folk. Er chantauturs sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zahara (n'exista betg)">Zahara</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Ferguson (n'exista betg)">Jennifer Ferguson</a> enritgeschan la scena da musica sidafricana. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_in_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_in_2018.jpg/230px-Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_in_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_in_2018.jpg/345px-Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_in_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_in_2018.jpg/460px-Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_in_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3376" /></a><figcaption>Ladysmith Black Mambazo</figcaption></figure> <p>La gruppa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladysmith Black Mambazo (n'exista betg)">Ladysmith Black Mambazo</a> chanta musica a capella; sper autras gruppas sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stimela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stimela (n'exista betg)">Stimela</a> è quella vegnida enconuschenta l’onn 1986 en tut il mund tras la collavuraziun cun il musicist american <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Simon (n'exista betg)">Paul Simon</a>. Medemamain success internaziunals han cuntanschì il musicist da reggae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucky_Dube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucky Dube (n'exista betg)">Lucky Dube</a> ubain il chantadur cun ragischs scottas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Clegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnny Clegg (n'exista betg)">Johnny Clegg</a> ch’era popular ils onns 1980 cun sias bands che sa cumponivan dad alvs e da Zulu. </p><p>Ils onns 1990 è sa sviluppà il stil kwaito, ina maschaida da musica da pop africana, rap e house. Enconuschents represchentants èn la chantadura <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Fassie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Fassie (n'exista betg)">Brenda Fassie</a>, ch’era avant stada populara en il stil da musica mbaqanga, ed il chantadur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandoza (n'exista betg)">Mandoza</a>. Bands sidafricanas che vegnan recepidas ozendi a nivel internaziunal èn tranter auter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Antwoord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Antwoord (n'exista betg)">Die Antwoord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seether (n'exista betg)">Seether</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Parlotones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Parlotones (n'exista betg)">The Parlotones</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongos (n'exista betg)">Kongos</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Watershed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watershed (n'exista betg)">Watershed</a>. </p><p>Tranter ils musicists da jazz sidafricans ils pli enconuschents tutgan il saxofonist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kippie_Moeketsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kippie Moeketsi (n'exista betg)">Kippie Moeketsi</a>, il trumbettist e chantadur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Masekela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Masekela (n'exista betg)">Hugh Masekela</a> ed il pianist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Ibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Ibrahim (n'exista betg)">Abdullah Ibrahim</a>, dal qual il stil vegn numnà cape-jazz. Sco precursur dal cape-jazz vala la musica da marabi ch’è sa sviluppada sco musica da saut en las townships e che dueva er influenzar auters stils da musica sidafricans. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mimi_Coertse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mimi Coertse (n'exista betg)">Mimi Coertse</a> è daventada ina famusa chantadura d’operas ch’è stada engaschada sur lung temp a Vienna. Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soweto_String_Quartet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soweto String Quartet (n'exista betg)">Soweto String Quartet</a> suna musica classica da tempra europeica, integrond però elements africans. A Capstadt sa chatta en pli la suletta opera dal continent african cun program durant l’entir onn, la Cape Town Opera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_figurativ">Art figurativ</h3></div> <p>En il 19avel tschientaner vegnivan la gronda part dals maletgs importads da l’Engalterra u dals Pajais Bass. Quests maletgs istorics furman anc oz ina part da l’inventari dals museums. Tar ils paucs artists sidafricans che disponiva gia a la fin dal 19avel tschientaner d’ina furmaziun academica tutga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_Oerder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans Oerder (n'exista betg)">Frans Oerder</a> (1867–1944), oriund da Rotterdam. Cun ses maletg ‹Magnolias› ha el stgaffì ina da las ovras da la Galaria naziunala sidafricana ch’è vegnida reproducida il pli savens e che penda oz sco reproducziun en bleras stivas. A la generaziun dals artists romantics ha anc appartegnì <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Naud%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Naudé (n'exista betg)">Hugo Naudé</a> (1868–1938), il qual aveva studegià avant l’Emprima Guerra mundiala t.a. a Minca. En ina gronda varietad stilistica sa preschentan ils maletgs da la cuntrada da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobus_Hendrik_Pierneef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef (n'exista betg)">Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef</a> (1886–1957); per part èn quels da tempra expressiunistica, per part segnads d’in realissem exprimì. </p><p>Blers artists dals onns 1920 e 1930 eran da derivanza tudestga u polonais-gidieua, uschia per exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irma_Stern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irma Stern (n'exista betg)">Irma Stern</a> che vala ensemen cun la purtretista da derivanza ollandaisa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maggie_Laubser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maggie Laubser (n'exista betg)">Maggie Laubser</a> (1886–1973) e cun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolf_Kibel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolf Kibel (n'exista betg)">Wolf Kibel</a>, oriunda da la Pologna russa, sco fundatura da l’expressiunissem en l’Africa dal Sid. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pranas_Dom%C5%A1aitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pranas Domšaitis (n'exista betg)">Pranas Domšaitis</a> (atgnamain Franz Carl Wilhelm Domscheit) ha studegià tar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lovis_Corinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lovis Corinth (n'exista betg)">Lovis Corinth</a> a Berlin e vala medemamain sco in dals impurtants expressiunists da l’Africa dal Sid. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Welz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Welz (n'exista betg)">Jean Welz</a>, ch’è naschì en l’Austria, ha stgaffì natiras mortas, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Kay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Kay (n'exista betg)">Dorothy Kay</a> purtrets subtils. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Preller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Preller (n'exista betg)">Alexis Preller</a> ha studegià a Paris ed è s’orientà a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Gauguin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Gauguin (n'exista betg)">Paul Gauguin</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_van_Gogh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent van Gogh (n'exista betg)">Vincent van Gogh</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freida_Lock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freida Lock (n'exista betg)">Freida Lock</a>, ch’era oriunda da l’Engalterra ed aveva studegià là, è daventada il 1938 cunfundatura da la New Group, ina gruppa d’artists ch’ha realisà numerusas exposiziuns. </p><p>Blers artists sidafricans betg alvs che vivevan en l’exil èn medemamain s’orientads a l’expressiunissem ubain han represchentà il realissem social sco per exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_Sekoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard Sekoto (n'exista betg)">Gerard Sekoto</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Jantjes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gavin Jantjes (n'exista betg)">Gavin Jantjes</a> ch’ha studegià en Germania. <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Koloane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Koloane (n'exista betg)">David Koloane</a> ha stgaffì l’emprima galaria d’art naira a Johannesburg. Il liricher, autur ed adversari da l’apartheid alv <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breyten_Breytenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breyten Breytenbach (n'exista betg)">Breyten Breytenbach</a> ha creà en l’exil maletgs surreals. </p><p>Suenter la fin da l’apartheid èn artists sidafricans svelt vegnids enconuschents en ils Stadis Unids ed en la Gronda Britannia. Lur art è savens politic e sociocritic, uschia las ovras da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tracey_Rose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tracey Rose (n'exista betg)">Tracey Rose</a> che cumpiglian er performance ed art da video. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dumas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marlene Dumas (n'exista betg)">Marlene Dumas</a> experimentescha cun la statura umana e tracta en quest connex il conflict tranter alv e nair. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG/170px-Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG/255px-Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG/340px-Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Nadine Gordimer</figcaption></figure> <p>Blers dals auturs nairs han emprendì da leger e scriver da missiunars europeics, uschia che la gronda part dals emprims cudeschs sidafricans èn cumparids en lingua englaisa u en afrikaans. In dals emprims romans ch’è vegnì scrit d’in autur nair en ina lingua africana è stà ‹Mhudi› da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_Plaatje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol Plaatje (n'exista betg)">Sol Plaatje</a> (1930). </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Paton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Paton (n'exista betg)">Alan Paton</a> ha publitgà l’onn 1948 ses famus roman ‹Cry, the Beloved Country›, dal qual è er vegnida realisada pli tard ina versiun cinematografica. Il cudesch raquinta l’istorgia d’in plevon nair ch’arriva a Johannesburg en tschertga da ses figl. Ils onns 1950 ha la titulara dal Premi Nobel da pli tard <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadine_Gordimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadine Gordimer (n'exista betg)">Nadine Gordimer</a> cumenzà a publitgar sias ovras. Ses pli enconuschent roman ‹July’s People› è cumparì l’onn 1981 e tracta da la fin dal domini minoritar dals alvs. Medemamain da menziunar è <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athol_Fugard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athol Fugard (n'exista betg)">Athol Fugard</a>, ils dramas dal qual vegnan represchentads regularmain als teaters da l’Africa dal Sid, da Londra e New York. </p><p>Er scripturs che scrivan en afrikaans publitgeschan ovras cuntraversas. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breyten_Breytenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breyten Breytenbach (n'exista betg)">Breyten Breytenbach</a> è vegnì mess a ferm pervi da sia participaziun al moviment da guerilla cunter il reschim d’apartheid. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Brink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Brink (n'exista betg)">André Brink</a> è stà l’emprim Afrikaan dal qual ils cudeschs èn vegnids mess sin l’index, quai suenter avair publitgà ses roman ‹A Dry White Season› che tracta d’in alv che vegn a savair la vardad davart la mort d’in ami nair en arrest. </p><p>Intgins impurtants scripturs nairs han cuntanschì ils onns 1970 renum internaziunal, sco per exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongane_Wally_Serote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongane Wally Serote (n'exista betg)">Mongane Wally Serote</a>, dal qual l’ovra ‹No Baby Must Weep› dat invista en la vita da mintgadi d’in Sidafrican da colur naira durant l’apartheid. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakes_Mda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakes Mda (n'exista betg)">Zakes Mda</a>, in ulteriur enconuschent scriptur nair, ha gudagnà cun ses roman ‹The Heart of Redness› l’onn 2001 il Commonwealth Writers’ Prize. Si’ovra fa en il fratemp part dal canon litterar a las scolas superiuras sidafricanas. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J.M._Coetzee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.M. Coetzee (n'exista betg)">J.M. Coetzee</a>, ch’ha cumenzà si’activitad sco scriptur ils onns 1970, è vegnì enconuschent a nivel internaziunal pir duas decadas pli tard. Per ses roman dal 1999 ‹Disgrace› è el vegnì onurà cun il famus Man Booker Prize ed il 2003 cun il Premi Nobel da litteratura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuschina">Cuschina</h3></div> <p>La cuschina sidafricana metta l’accent sin tratgas cun charn da tut gener. Da quai è sa sviluppà in passatemp popular da blers Sidafricans: il grillar (afrikaans braai). Tipicas tratgas u cumponentas dal braai tar la populaziun bainstanta èn boerewors (ina liongia picanta), steaks, cotlettas d’agnè e da portg sco er pesch. In’ulteriura spezialitad è biltong, ina sort charn setgentada da bov u selvaschina che vegn savens mangiada en l’Africa dal sid sco snack. Fitg derasadas èn er spaisas da curry inspiradas da la cuschina indica. La cuschina da la populaziun povra, per ordinari naira, è percunter bundant pli simpla; la pli enconuschenta tratga furma qua mealie-pap, ina sort buglia da tirc. </p><p>Ultra da quai è l’Africa dal Sid sa sviluppada ad in grond ed impurtant producent da vin. Intgins dals megliers bains da viticultura dal mund sa chattan sper Stellenbosch, Franschhoek e Paarl en il Cap Occidental. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <p>Sco quasi tut ils auters secturs da la vita publica è er il sport segnà en l’Africa dal Sid da la separaziun en gruppas etnicas. Il sport per lunschor il pli popular tranter la populaziun naira è il ballape. Damai che er Sidafricans alvs cuntanschan en quest sport in aut nivel, era il ballape pertutgà dal temp da l’apartheid main ferm da la separaziun etnica che per exempel il rugby. Suenter la fin da l’apartheid è la squadra da ballape naziunala, che vegn numnada dals fans Bafana Bafana (dad isiZulu: ‹noss giuvens›), puspè vegnida renconuschida da la FIFA ed ha gia pudì sa qualifitgar dapi lura per divers campiunadis mundials. Ultra da quai ha il campiunadi mundial dal 2010 gì lieu en l’Africa dal Sid. </p><p>Il pli impurtant sport dals alvs è rugby uniun, suandà da cricket. Dal temp da l’apartheid eran quests dus sports reservads quasi dal tuttafatg a la minoritad alva. Rugby è spezialmain popular tar ils Afrikaans, entant ch’il cricket vegn er oz giugà surtut dad alvs d’origin englais. </p><p>L’onn 2004 ha la staffetta da stil liber gudagnà surprendentamain l’emprima medaglia d’aur sidafricana a gieus olimpics, e quai cun nov record mundial sur 4×100 m. Quai ha manà en l’Africa dal Sid ad in veritabel boom en il sport da nudar. </p><p>A Kyalami ha gì lieu fin il 1993 il Grond Premi da l’Africa dal Sid en la furmla 1. L’onn 1971 è il pilot da cursa sidafrican <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jody_Scheckter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jody Scheckter (n'exista betg)">Jody Scheckter</a> daventà campiun mundial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dis_da_festa">Dis da festa</h3></div> <p>Sper Nadal, Bumaun, il di da la lavur e Pasca vegnan festegiads en l’Africa dal Sid il di dals dretgs umans (21 da mars), il di da la libertad (27 d’avrigl), il di da la giuventetgna (16 da zercladur), il di da las dunnas (9 d’avust), il di da l’ierta (24 da settember) ed il di da la reconciliaziun (16 da december). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance">South African Government: <i>South Africa at a glance</i></a>, consultà ils 13 da fanadur 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klimm-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Klimm_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernst Klimm, Karl-Günther Schneider, Bernd Wiese: <i>Das südliche Afrika</i>. (<i>Wissenschaftliche Länderkunden</i>, tom 17), Darmstadt 1980, p. 36–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klimm, p. 40–41, 285–289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klimm, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klimm, p. 39, 95–96, 98, 284–287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">UNDP: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623235633/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa/south-africa"><i> Climate Change Adaptation Portal: South Africa</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexis Schäffler, Mark Swilling: <i>Valuing green infrastructure in an urban environment under pressure – The Johannesburg case.</i> En: <i>Ecological Economics</i>, nr. 86, favrer 2013, p. 246–257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Balmford: <i>Wild hope – On the Front Lines of Conservation Success.</i> The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2012, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780226035970" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-226-03597-0</a>, pos. 1241–1608.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dieter Hoppe, Peter Welcke: <i>Langflügelpapageien.</i> Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3800147866" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8001-4786-6</a>, p. 138–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Las indicaziuns en quest chapitel tenor ils resultats da las <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050606003116/http://www.info.gov.za/">dumbraziuns uffizialas</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernst Klimm, Karl-Günther Schneider, Bernd Wiese: <i>Das südliche Afrika. Republik Südafrika, Swasiland, Lesotho</i>. En: <i>Wissenschaftliche Länderkunden</i>, tom 17, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1980, p. 58, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3534041321" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-534-04132-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christoph Marx Christoph Marx: <i>Im Zeichen des Ochsenwagens: der radikale Afrikaaner-Nationalismus in Südafrika und die Geschichte der Ossewabrandwag.</i> LIT, Münster 1998, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3825839079" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8258-3907-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jad Adams: <i>Women and the Vote. A World History.</i> Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780198706847" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-870684-7</a>, p. 437.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davart l’apartheid cf. t.a. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nelsonmandela.org/"><i>Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Infurmaziuns tenor la pagina uffiziala dal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.za/">parlament sidafrican</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davart il svilup istoric cf. Christoph Marx: <i>Südafrika. Geschichte und Gegenwart</i>. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2012, p. 270; Christine Lienemann-Perrin, Wolfgang Lienemann (ed.): <i>Politische Legitimität in Südafrika</i>. En: <i>Forschungsstätte der Evangelischen Studiengemeinschaft</i>, Heidelberg 1988, p. 43–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627020447/http://www.dod.mil.za/leaders/leaders.htm"><i>Department of Defence</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225082845/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%20">Dumbraziun dal pievel 2011</a> (PDF; 2,8 MB), consultà ils 6 da matg 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Municipal_fact_sheet.pdf">Dumbraziun dal pievel dal 2011</a> (PDF; 349 kB), consultà ils 27 da november 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott Rosenberg, Richard W. Weisfelder, Michelle Frisbie-Fulton: <i>Historical Dictionary of Lesotho.</i> Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland/Oxford 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780810848719" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8108-4871-9</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Las infurmaziuns en quest chapitel tenor <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621164208/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html"><i>World Factbook</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernd Wiese: <i>Südafrika mit Lesotho und Swasiland.</i> Klett-Perthes, Gotha/Stuttgart 1999, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3623006947" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-623-00694-7</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Trade and Invest GmbH: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Navigation/DE/Trade/Maerkte/Wirtschaftsklima/wirtschaftsdaten-kompakt,t=wirtschaftsdaten-kompakt--suedafrika,did=1584674.html"><i>Wirtschaftsdaten kompakt</i></a>, consultà ils 26 da fanadur 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Greenberg: <i>Land und Unfreiheit. Die Landlosenbewegung und das Scheitern der Landreform in Südafrika</i>. En: Jens Erik Ambacher, Romin Khan (ed.): <i>Südafrika. Die Grenzen der Befreiung.</i> Berlin, Hamburg 2010, p. 59–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neville Alexander: <i>Klasse, ‹Rasse› und nationale Einheit im neuen Südafrika</i>. En: Jens Erik Ambacher, Romin Khan: <i>Südafrika. Die Grenzen der Befreiung.</i> Berlin, Hamburg 2010, p. 177–179, 183–184.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura_2">Litteratura</h2></div> <ul><li>Johannes Dieterich: <i>Südafrika. Ein Länderporträt.</i> Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2017, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783861539452" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-86153-945-2</a>.</li> <li>Jörg Fisch: <i>Geschichte Südafrikas.</i> Dtv, Minca 1990, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3423045507" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-423-04550-7</a>.</li> <li>Dana de la Fontaine, Franziska Müller, Claudia Hofmann, Bernhard Leubolt (ed.): <i>Das politische System Südafrikas.</i> VS Springer Verlag, Wiesbaden 2017, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783531190679" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-531-19067-9</a>.</li> <li>Albrecht Hagemann: <i>Kleine Geschichte Südafrikas.</i> 2. ed. repassada, Verlag C.H. Beck, Minca 2003, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3406459498" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-45949-8</a>.</li> <li>Christoph Kucklick (ed.), Lars Abromeit: <i>Südafrika. Auf neuen Pfaden. Unterwegs durch ein Land im Aufbruch</i> (= <i>GEO Spezial</i>, nr. 6/2014). Gruner + Jahr, Hamburg 2014, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783652003964" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-652-00396-4</a>.</li> <li>Martin Pabst: <i>Südafrika.</i> 2. ed. amplifitgada, Verlag C.H. Beck, Minca 2008, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783406573699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-57369-9</a>.</li> <li>Klemens H. Schrenk: <i>Föderalismus in Südafrika. Historische Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Strukturen und Funktionsweise</i> VDM Verlag, Saarbrücken 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783836423069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8364-2306-9</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpb.de/files/PUM6U7.pdf"><i>Südafrika</i></a> (PDF; 3,1 MB). En: <i>Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte,</i> nr. 1/2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Africa_dal_Sid?uselang=rm">Commons: Africa dal Sid</a></span></b> – Collecziun da maletgs, videos e datotecas d'audio</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.za/">www.gov.za</a> – regenza sidafricana <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/yearbook"><i>South Africa Yearbook</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024224/https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/CityHealth/Documents/Legislation/Act%20-%20Constitution%20of%20the%20RSA%20Act%20-%20108%20of%201996.pdf">Constituziun da l’Africa dal Sid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113203528/http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03014/P030142011.pdf">Resumaziun da la dumbraziun dal pievel dal 2011</a> (PDF; 1,72 MB)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/"><i>SAHO. South African History Online</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116184017/https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/LaenderRegionen/Internationales/Land/Afrika/Suedafrika.html">Profil dal pajais</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302120201/http://norient.com/tag/dossier-south-africa/">Dossier davart la musica tradiziunala e moderna sidafricana</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint"><br clear="all" /> <div class="toccolours" style="text-align:center"> <div style="background:#ccccff"> <p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glista_dals_Stadis_da_l%27Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glista dals Stadis da l'Africa (n'exista betg)">Stadis</a></b> da l'<b><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></b> </p> </div> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Africa dal Sid</a> | <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> | <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> | <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> | <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> | <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Camerun" title="Camerun">Camerun</a> | <a href="/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd">Cap Verd</a> | <a href="/wiki/Comoras" title="Comoras">Comoras</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo_(Brazzaville)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congo (Brazzaville) (n'exista betg)">Congo (Brazzaville)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Costa_d%27Ivur" title="Costa d'Ivur">Costa d'Ivur</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dschibuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dschibuti (n'exista betg)">Dschibuti</a> | <a href="/wiki/Egipta" title="Egipta">Egipta</a> | <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> | <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun">Gabun</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinea (n'exista betg)">Guinea</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea_Equatoriala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinea Equatoriala (n'exista betg)">Guinea Equatoriala</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinea-Bissau (n'exista betg)">Guinea-Bissau</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenia (n'exista betg)">Kenia</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesotho (n'exista betg)">Lesotho</a> | <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libia (n'exista betg)">Libia</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madagascar (n'exista betg)">Madagascar</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malawi (n'exista betg)">Malawi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mali (n'exista betg)">Mali</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maroc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maroc (n'exista betg)">Maroc</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauretania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauretania (n'exista betg)">Mauretania</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauritius (n'exista betg)">Mauritius</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosambic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosambic (n'exista betg)">Mosambic</a> | <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niger (n'exista betg)">Niger</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigeria (n'exista betg)">Nigeria</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Centralafricana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica Centralafricana (n'exista betg)">Republica Centralafricana</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Democratica_dal_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica Democratica dal Congo (n'exista betg)">Republica Democratica dal Congo</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruanda (n'exista betg)">Ruanda</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambia (n'exista betg)">Sambia</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_e_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="São Tomé e Príncipe (n'exista betg)">São Tomé e Príncipe</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senegal (n'exista betg)">Senegal</a> | <a href="/wiki/Seychellas" title="Seychellas">Seychellas</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Leone (n'exista betg)">Sierra Leone</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbabwe (n'exista betg)">Simbabwe</a> | <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sudan_dal_Sid" title="Sudan dal Sid">Sudan dal Sid</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaziland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swaziland (n'exista betg)">Swaziland</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tansania" title="Tansania">Tansania</a> | <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad">Tschad</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tunesia" title="Tunesia">Tunesia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Da "<a dir="ltr" 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