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function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-K46T604G22'); </script> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=1176949257541686127&zx=e321c6c4-8ce5-4fde-a207-3c861aeeaacf' media='none' onload='if(media!='all')media='all'' rel='stylesheet'/><noscript><link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=1176949257541686127&zx=e321c6c4-8ce5-4fde-a207-3c861aeeaacf' rel='stylesheet'/></noscript> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-account' content='ca-host-pub-1556223355139109'/> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-domain' content='blogspot.com'/> </head> <body> <script type='text/javascript'> //<![CDATA[ var axel = Math.random() + ""; var a = axel * 10000000000000; document.write('<iframe src="https://2542116.fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=ord=' + a + '?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0" style="display:none"></iframe>'); //]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://security.googleblog.com/'> <img height='50' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png'/> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Security Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> The latest news and insights from Google on security and safety on the Internet </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='621768744207087744' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/a-secure-web-is-here-to-stay.html' itemprop='url' title='A secure web is here to stay'> A secure web is here to stay </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> February 8, 2018 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <span class="byline-author">Posted by Emily Schechter, Chrome Security Product Manager</span><br /> For the past several years, we’ve moved toward a more secure web by strongly advocating that sites adopt HTTPS encryption. And within the last year, we’ve also helped users understand that HTTP sites are not secure by <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2016/09/moving-towards-more-secure-web.html">gradually</a> <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2017/04/next-steps-toward-more-connection.html">marking</a> a larger subset of HTTP pages as “not secure”. Beginning in July 2018 with the release of Chrome 68, Chrome will mark all HTTP sites as “not secure”.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLihPsuCvrQwQDGNPC26OxSK49GhH9ZXSLf3ems-gK1tdKZ5xKzMj2lFTctpoYb3jF8JYZYjnYqwpa7Hn-W9hbnNlbWSMKQjXFrkjJLHj1O2vB342yIQ_KAm6IH51J-xbQBX99VJp0mMaO/s1600/Treatment+of+HTTP+Pages%25401x.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="660" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLihPsuCvrQwQDGNPC26OxSK49GhH9ZXSLf3ems-gK1tdKZ5xKzMj2lFTctpoYb3jF8JYZYjnYqwpa7Hn-W9hbnNlbWSMKQjXFrkjJLHj1O2vB342yIQ_KAm6IH51J-xbQBX99VJp0mMaO/s640/Treatment+of+HTTP+Pages%25401x.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: small; font-style: italic;">In Chrome 68, the omnibox will display “Not secure” for all HTTP pages.</span></div> <br /> <br /> Developers have been transitioning their sites to HTTPS and making the web safer for everyone. <a href="https://www.blog.google/topics/safety-security/say-yes-https-chrome-secures-web-one-site-time/">Progress last year</a> was incredible, and it’s continued since then:<br /> <br /> <ul> <li>Over 68% of Chrome traffic on both Android and Windows is now protected</li> <li>Over 78% of Chrome traffic on both Chrome OS and Mac is now protected</li> <li>81 of the top 100 sites on the web use HTTPS by default</li> </ul> Chrome is dedicated to making it as easy as possible to set up HTTPS. Mixed content audits are <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/audits/mixed-content">now available</a> to help developers migrate their sites to HTTPS in the <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/lighthouse">latest Node CLI </a>version of <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/">Lighthouse</a>, an automated tool for improving web pages. The new audit in Lighthouse helps developers find which resources a site loads using HTTP, and which of those are ready to be upgraded to HTTPS simply by changing the subresource reference to the HTTPS version.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjpq1VH4kX58XHMS2WtFr64eBwTYHVxvRd7Eu9SJxOQwLQUyckM4ITCjn0oKO0Q32sv6NRHCgUGt0__3N2l1nl4dc_HkC3YDcX9pmtAmchN9xoFSf6V-vfNvi-SeP_R9Cnn6eX-p1IFUa/s1600/pasted+image+0+%25281%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 0 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="901" data-original-width="1600" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjpq1VH4kX58XHMS2WtFr64eBwTYHVxvRd7Eu9SJxOQwLQUyckM4ITCjn0oKO0Q32sv6NRHCgUGt0__3N2l1nl4dc_HkC3YDcX9pmtAmchN9xoFSf6V-vfNvi-SeP_R9Cnn6eX-p1IFUa/s320/pasted+image+0+%25281%2529.png" style="margin: 0;" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: small; font-style: italic;">Lighthouse is an automated developer tool for improving web pages.</span></div> <br /> Chrome’s new interface will help users understand that all HTTP sites are not secure, and continue to move the web towards a secure HTTPS web by default. HTTPS is <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6DUrH56g14">easier and cheaper</a> than ever before, and it unlocks both performance improvements and powerful new features that are too sensitive for HTTP. Developers, check out our <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https?hl=en">set-up guides</a> to get started.<br /> <br /> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <span class="byline-author">Posted by Emily Schechter, Chrome Security Product Manager</span><br /> For the past several years, we’ve moved toward a more secure web by strongly advocating that sites adopt HTTPS encryption. And within the last year, we’ve also helped users understand that HTTP sites are not secure by <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2016/09/moving-towards-more-secure-web.html">gradually</a> <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2017/04/next-steps-toward-more-connection.html">marking</a> a larger subset of HTTP pages as “not secure”. Beginning in July 2018 with the release of Chrome 68, Chrome will mark all HTTP sites as “not secure”.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLihPsuCvrQwQDGNPC26OxSK49GhH9ZXSLf3ems-gK1tdKZ5xKzMj2lFTctpoYb3jF8JYZYjnYqwpa7Hn-W9hbnNlbWSMKQjXFrkjJLHj1O2vB342yIQ_KAm6IH51J-xbQBX99VJp0mMaO/s1600/Treatment+of+HTTP+Pages%25401x.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="660" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLihPsuCvrQwQDGNPC26OxSK49GhH9ZXSLf3ems-gK1tdKZ5xKzMj2lFTctpoYb3jF8JYZYjnYqwpa7Hn-W9hbnNlbWSMKQjXFrkjJLHj1O2vB342yIQ_KAm6IH51J-xbQBX99VJp0mMaO/s640/Treatment+of+HTTP+Pages%25401x.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: small; font-style: italic;">In Chrome 68, the omnibox will display “Not secure” for all HTTP pages.</span></div> <br /> <br /> Developers have been transitioning their sites to HTTPS and making the web safer for everyone. <a href="https://www.blog.google/topics/safety-security/say-yes-https-chrome-secures-web-one-site-time/">Progress last year</a> was incredible, and it’s continued since then:<br /> <br /> <ul> <li>Over 68% of Chrome traffic on both Android and Windows is now protected</li> <li>Over 78% of Chrome traffic on both Chrome OS and Mac is now protected</li> <li>81 of the top 100 sites on the web use HTTPS by default</li> </ul> Chrome is dedicated to making it as easy as possible to set up HTTPS. Mixed content audits are <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/audits/mixed-content">now available</a> to help developers migrate their sites to HTTPS in the <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/lighthouse">latest Node CLI </a>version of <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse/">Lighthouse</a>, an automated tool for improving web pages. The new audit in Lighthouse helps developers find which resources a site loads using HTTP, and which of those are ready to be upgraded to HTTPS simply by changing the subresource reference to the HTTPS version.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjpq1VH4kX58XHMS2WtFr64eBwTYHVxvRd7Eu9SJxOQwLQUyckM4ITCjn0oKO0Q32sv6NRHCgUGt0__3N2l1nl4dc_HkC3YDcX9pmtAmchN9xoFSf6V-vfNvi-SeP_R9Cnn6eX-p1IFUa/s1600/pasted+image+0+%25281%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 0 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="901" data-original-width="1600" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjpq1VH4kX58XHMS2WtFr64eBwTYHVxvRd7Eu9SJxOQwLQUyckM4ITCjn0oKO0Q32sv6NRHCgUGt0__3N2l1nl4dc_HkC3YDcX9pmtAmchN9xoFSf6V-vfNvi-SeP_R9Cnn6eX-p1IFUa/s320/pasted+image+0+%25281%2529.png" style="margin: 0;" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: small; font-style: italic;">Lighthouse is an automated developer tool for improving web pages.</span></div> <br /> Chrome’s new interface will help users understand that all HTTP sites are not secure, and continue to move the web towards a secure HTTPS web by default. HTTPS is <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6DUrH56g14">easier and cheaper</a> than ever before, and it unlocks both performance improvements and powerful new features that are too sensitive for HTTP. Developers, check out our <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https?hl=en">set-up guides</a> to get started.<br /> <br /> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Online Security Blog:A secure web is here to stay&url=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/a-secure-web-is-here-to-stay.html&via=google'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/a-secure-web-is-here-to-stay.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='comment-container'> <i class='comment-img material-icons'>  </i> <span class='cmt_count_iframe_holder' data-count='0' data-onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;' data-post-url='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/a-secure-web-is-here-to-stay.html' data-url='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/a-secure-web-is-here-to-stay.html' style='color: #4184F3;'></span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/a-secure-web-is-here-to-stay.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='6792468899846738502' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/vulnerability-reward-program-2017-year.html' itemprop='url' title='Vulnerability Reward Program: 2017 Year in Review'> Vulnerability Reward Program: 2017 Year in Review </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> February 7, 2018 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <span class="byline-author">Posted by Jan Keller, Google VRP Technical Pwning Master</span><br /> As we kick-off a new year, we wanted to take a moment to look back at the Vulnerability Reward Program in 2017. It joins our past retrospectives for <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2015/01/security-reward-programs-year-in-review.html">2014</a>, <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2016/01/google-security-rewards-2015-year-in.html">2015</a>, and <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2017/01/vulnerability-rewards-program-2016-year.html">2016</a>, and shows the course our VRPs have taken.<br /> <br /> At the heart of this blog post is a big thank you to the security research community. You continue to help make Google’s users and our products more secure. We looking forward to continuing our collaboration with the community in 2018 and beyond!<br /> <br /> <b>2017, By the Numbers</b><br /> <br /> Here’s an overview of how we rewarded researchers for their reports to us in 2017:<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUHSFHMihAmSrecLbY79QlMVjPvLn0lt8yr78UIfZRZYH7qAqtEgOl9W9m4T09e7kh3jPFEsmN1a-LRVmws4CeaqchmzhhFXzcy5BRGvyOF7VpbJdglmIV03TPjMllKucSMUU66iu8cjS/s1600/VRP_YearInReview17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUHSFHMihAmSrecLbY79QlMVjPvLn0lt8yr78UIfZRZYH7qAqtEgOl9W9m4T09e7kh3jPFEsmN1a-LRVmws4CeaqchmzhhFXzcy5BRGvyOF7VpbJdglmIV03TPjMllKucSMUU66iu8cjS/s640/VRP_YearInReview17.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> We awarded researchers more than 1 million dollars for vulnerabilities they found and reported in Google products, and a similar amount for Android as well. Combined with our Chrome awards, we awarded nearly 3 million dollars to researchers for their reports last year, overall.<br /> <br /> Drilling-down a bit further, we awarded $125,000 to more than 50 security researchers from all around the world through our <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/research-grants/">Vulnerability Research Grants Program</a>, and $50,000 to the hard-working folks who improve the security of open-source software as part of our <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/patch-rewards/">Patch Rewards Program</a>.<br /> <br /> <b>A few bug highlights</b><br /> <b><br /></b> Every year, a few bug reports stand out: the research may have been especially clever, the vulnerability may have been especially serious, or the report may have been especially fun and quirky!<br /> <br /> Here are a few of our favorites from 2017:<br /> <br /> <ul> <li>In August, researcher Guang Gong <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/android-security-ecosystem-investments.html">outlined</a> an exploit chain on Pixel phones which combined a remote code execution bug in the sandboxed Chrome render process with a subsequent sandbox escape through Android’s libgralloc. As part of the <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/android-rewards/">Android Security Rewards Program</a> he received the largest reward of the year: $112,500. The Pixel was the only device that wasn’t exploited during last year’s annual Mobile pwn2own competition, and Guang’s report helped strengthen its protections even further.</li> <li>Researcher "gzobqq" received the $100,000 <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2015/02/pwnium-v-never-ending-pwnium.html">pwnium</a> award for a <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=766253">chain of bugs</a> across five components that achieved remote code execution in Chrome OS guest mode.</li> <li>Alex Birsan discovered that anyone could have gained access to internal <a href="https://developers.google.com/issue-tracker/">Google Issue Tracker</a> data. He detailed his research <a href="https://medium.freecodecamp.org/messing-with-the-google-buganizer-system-for-15-600-in-bounties-58f86cc9f9a5">here</a>, and we awarded him $15,600 for his efforts.</li> </ul> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> <b>Making Android and Play even safer</b></div> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> Over the course of the year, we continued to develop our Android and Play Security Reward programs.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> No one had claimed the top reward for an Android exploit chain in more than two years, so we <a href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/06/2017-android-security-rewards.html">announced</a> that the greatest reward for a remote exploit chain--or exploit leading to TrustZone or Verified Boot compromise--would increase from $50,000 to $200,000. We also increased the top-end reward for a remote kernel exploit from $30,000 to $150,000.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> In October, we introduced the by-invitation-only <a href="http://hackerone.com/googleplay">Google Play Security Reward Program</a> to encourage security research into popular Android apps available on Google Play.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Today, we’re expanding the range of rewards for remote code executions from $1,000 to $5,000. We’re also introducing a new category that includes vulnerabilities that could result in the theft of users’ private data, information being transferred unencrypted, or bugs that result in access to protected app components. We’ll award $1,000 for these bugs. For more information visit the Google Play Security Reward Program <a href="http://hackerone.com/googleplay">site</a>.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> And finally, we want to give a shout out to the researchers who’ve submitted fuzzers to the <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/chrome-rewards/index.html#fuzzerprogram">Chrome Fuzzer Program</a>: they get rewards for every eligible bug their fuzzers find without having to do any more work, or even filing a bug.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Given how well things have been going these past years, we look forward to our Vulnerability Rewards Programs resulting in even more user protection in 2018 thanks to the hard work of the security research community.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <i>* Andrew Whalley (<a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/chrome-rewards/">Chrome VRP</a>), Mayank Jain (<a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/android-rewards/">Android Security Rewards</a>), and Renu Chaudhary (<a href="https://hackerone.com/googleplay">Google Play VRP</a>) contributed mightily to help lead these Google-wide efforts.</i></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <span class="byline-author">Posted by Jan Keller, Google VRP Technical Pwning Master</span><br /> As we kick-off a new year, we wanted to take a moment to look back at the Vulnerability Reward Program in 2017. It joins our past retrospectives for <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2015/01/security-reward-programs-year-in-review.html">2014</a>, <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2016/01/google-security-rewards-2015-year-in.html">2015</a>, and <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2017/01/vulnerability-rewards-program-2016-year.html">2016</a>, and shows the course our VRPs have taken.<br /> <br /> At the heart of this blog post is a big thank you to the security research community. You continue to help make Google’s users and our products more secure. We looking forward to continuing our collaboration with the community in 2018 and beyond!<br /> <br /> <b>2017, By the Numbers</b><br /> <br /> Here’s an overview of how we rewarded researchers for their reports to us in 2017:<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUHSFHMihAmSrecLbY79QlMVjPvLn0lt8yr78UIfZRZYH7qAqtEgOl9W9m4T09e7kh3jPFEsmN1a-LRVmws4CeaqchmzhhFXzcy5BRGvyOF7VpbJdglmIV03TPjMllKucSMUU66iu8cjS/s1600/VRP_YearInReview17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUHSFHMihAmSrecLbY79QlMVjPvLn0lt8yr78UIfZRZYH7qAqtEgOl9W9m4T09e7kh3jPFEsmN1a-LRVmws4CeaqchmzhhFXzcy5BRGvyOF7VpbJdglmIV03TPjMllKucSMUU66iu8cjS/s640/VRP_YearInReview17.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> We awarded researchers more than 1 million dollars for vulnerabilities they found and reported in Google products, and a similar amount for Android as well. Combined with our Chrome awards, we awarded nearly 3 million dollars to researchers for their reports last year, overall.<br /> <br /> Drilling-down a bit further, we awarded $125,000 to more than 50 security researchers from all around the world through our <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/research-grants/">Vulnerability Research Grants Program</a>, and $50,000 to the hard-working folks who improve the security of open-source software as part of our <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/patch-rewards/">Patch Rewards Program</a>.<br /> <br /> <b>A few bug highlights</b><br /> <b><br /></b> Every year, a few bug reports stand out: the research may have been especially clever, the vulnerability may have been especially serious, or the report may have been especially fun and quirky!<br /> <br /> Here are a few of our favorites from 2017:<br /> <br /> <ul> <li>In August, researcher Guang Gong <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/android-security-ecosystem-investments.html">outlined</a> an exploit chain on Pixel phones which combined a remote code execution bug in the sandboxed Chrome render process with a subsequent sandbox escape through Android’s libgralloc. As part of the <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/android-rewards/">Android Security Rewards Program</a> he received the largest reward of the year: $112,500. The Pixel was the only device that wasn’t exploited during last year’s annual Mobile pwn2own competition, and Guang’s report helped strengthen its protections even further.</li> <li>Researcher "gzobqq" received the $100,000 <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2015/02/pwnium-v-never-ending-pwnium.html">pwnium</a> award for a <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=766253">chain of bugs</a> across five components that achieved remote code execution in Chrome OS guest mode.</li> <li>Alex Birsan discovered that anyone could have gained access to internal <a href="https://developers.google.com/issue-tracker/">Google Issue Tracker</a> data. He detailed his research <a href="https://medium.freecodecamp.org/messing-with-the-google-buganizer-system-for-15-600-in-bounties-58f86cc9f9a5">here</a>, and we awarded him $15,600 for his efforts.</li> </ul> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> <b>Making Android and Play even safer</b></div> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> Over the course of the year, we continued to develop our Android and Play Security Reward programs.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> No one had claimed the top reward for an Android exploit chain in more than two years, so we <a href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/06/2017-android-security-rewards.html">announced</a> that the greatest reward for a remote exploit chain--or exploit leading to TrustZone or Verified Boot compromise--would increase from $50,000 to $200,000. We also increased the top-end reward for a remote kernel exploit from $30,000 to $150,000.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> In October, we introduced the by-invitation-only <a href="http://hackerone.com/googleplay">Google Play Security Reward Program</a> to encourage security research into popular Android apps available on Google Play.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Today, we’re expanding the range of rewards for remote code executions from $1,000 to $5,000. We’re also introducing a new category that includes vulnerabilities that could result in the theft of users’ private data, information being transferred unencrypted, or bugs that result in access to protected app components. We’ll award $1,000 for these bugs. For more information visit the Google Play Security Reward Program <a href="http://hackerone.com/googleplay">site</a>.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> And finally, we want to give a shout out to the researchers who’ve submitted fuzzers to the <a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/chrome-rewards/index.html#fuzzerprogram">Chrome Fuzzer Program</a>: they get rewards for every eligible bug their fuzzers find without having to do any more work, or even filing a bug.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Given how well things have been going these past years, we look forward to our Vulnerability Rewards Programs resulting in even more user protection in 2018 thanks to the hard work of the security research community.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <i>* Andrew Whalley (<a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/chrome-rewards/">Chrome VRP</a>), Mayank Jain (<a href="https://www.google.com/about/appsecurity/android-rewards/">Android Security Rewards</a>), and Renu Chaudhary (<a href="https://hackerone.com/googleplay">Google Play VRP</a>) contributed mightily to help lead these Google-wide efforts.</i></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Online Security Blog:Vulnerability Reward Program: 2017 Year in Review&url=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/vulnerability-reward-program-2017-year.html&via=google'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/vulnerability-reward-program-2017-year.html'> <img alt='Share on 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href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2022/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2021/'> 2021 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2021/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2021/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> 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href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/'> 2020 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2020/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/'> 2019 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2019/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/'> 2018 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/'> 2017 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2017/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/'> 2016 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2016/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2015/'> 2015 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2015/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul 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<div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2015/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2014/'> 2014 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2014/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2014/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2014/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2014/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2014/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2014/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a 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href='https://security.googleblog.com/2012/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2012/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2012/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2012/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2012/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a 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<div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2011/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2011/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/'> 2010 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2010/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2009/'> 2009 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul 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href='https://security.googleblog.com/2008/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2008/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2008/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2008/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2008/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2008/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2007/'> 2007 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2007/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://security.googleblog.com/2007/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul 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