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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Europe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Australasia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Australasia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Australasia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Australasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Model village</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentref_model" title="Pentref model – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pentref model" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E6%9D%91" title="モデル村 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モデル村" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6nstersamh%C3%A4lle" title="Mönstersamhälle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mönstersamhälle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6888356#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Model_village"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Model_village" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" 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this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ideal_city" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6888356" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of mostly self-contained community</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Model_village" title="Talk:Model village">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about full size villages, typically built for factory workers. For miniature model villages, see <a href="/wiki/Miniature_park" title="Miniature park">miniature park</a>. For the place in Ireland, see <a href="/wiki/Model_Village,_County_Cork_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Model Village, County Cork (disambiguation)">Model Village, County Cork</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saltaire_Almshouses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saltaire_Almshouses.jpg/290px-Saltaire_Almshouses.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saltaire_Almshouses.jpg/435px-Saltaire_Almshouses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saltaire_Almshouses.jpg/580px-Saltaire_Almshouses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouses</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saltaire" title="Saltaire">Saltaire</a>, Yorkshire, typical of the <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> of the whole village</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>model village</b> is a mostly self-contained <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a>, built from the late 18th century onwards by landowners and <a href="/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">business magnates</a> to house their workers. "<a href="/wiki/Model" title="Model">Model</a>" implies an ideal to which other developments could aspire. Although the villages are located close to the workplace, they are generally physically separated from them and often consist of relatively high-quality <a href="/wiki/Housing" title="Housing">housing</a>, with integrated community amenities and attractive physical environments. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Great_Britain_and_Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Great Britain and Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houses_on_Greendale_Avenue,_Port_Sunlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Houses_on_Greendale_Avenue%2C_Port_Sunlight.jpg/220px-Houses_on_Greendale_Avenue%2C_Port_Sunlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Houses_on_Greendale_Avenue%2C_Port_Sunlight.jpg/330px-Houses_on_Greendale_Avenue%2C_Port_Sunlight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Houses_on_Greendale_Avenue%2C_Port_Sunlight.jpg/440px-Houses_on_Greendale_Avenue%2C_Port_Sunlight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>An example of houses at <a href="/wiki/Port_Sunlight" title="Port Sunlight">Port Sunlight</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg/200px-BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg/300px-BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg/400px-BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Typical local shopping parade in <a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a> village</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Jeremy Burchardt, the term model village was first used by the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorians</a> to describe the new settlements created on the rural estates of the <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landed gentry</a> in the eighteenth century. As landowners sought to improve their estates for aesthetic reasons, new landscapes were created and the cottages of the poor were demolished and rebuilt out of sight of their <a href="/wiki/Country_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Country house">country house</a> vistas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200258_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200258-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2024), the first use of the term model village is post-Victorian, dating to 1906. </p><p>Starting in the 18th century, new villages were created at <a href="/wiki/Nuneham_Courtenay" title="Nuneham Courtenay">Nuneham Courtenay</a> when the village was rebuilt as plain brick dwellings either side of the main road, at <a href="/wiki/Milton_Abbas" title="Milton Abbas">Milton Abbas</a> the village was moved and rebuilt in a rustic style and <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Hamlet" title="Blaise Hamlet">Blaise Hamlet</a> in Bristol had individually designed buildings, some with thatched roofs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200259_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200259-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Swing_Riots" title="Swing Riots">Swing Riots</a> of 1830 highlighted poor housing in the countryside, ill health and immorality and landowners had a responsibility to provide cottages with basic sanitation. The best landlords provided accommodation but many adopted a paternalistic attitude when they built model dwellings and imposed their own standards on the tenants charging low rents but paying low wages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200260_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200260-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> took hold, industrialists who built factories in rural locations provided housing for workers clustered around the workplace. An early example of an industrial model village was <a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a> built by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200261_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200261-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philanthropic coal owners provided decent accommodation for miners from the early nineteenth century. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">Earl Fitzwilliam</a>, a paternalistic colliery owner provided houses near his coal pits in <a href="/wiki/Elsecar" title="Elsecar">Elsecar</a> near Barnsley that were "...of a class superior in size and arrangement, and in conveniences attached, to those of working classes."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornes199478_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornes199478-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had four rooms and a pantry, and outside a small garden and pig sty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornes199479_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornes199479-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others were established by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Akroyd" title="Edward Akroyd">Edward Akroyd</a> at <a href="/wiki/Copley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Copley, West Yorkshire">Copley</a> between 1849 and 1853 and <a href="/wiki/Akroydon" title="Akroydon">Akroydon</a> 1861-63. Akroyd employed <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a>. <a href="/wiki/Titus_Salt" title="Titus Salt">Titus Salt</a> built a model village at <a href="/wiki/Saltaire" title="Saltaire">Saltaire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200262_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200262-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Ripley,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Henry Ripley, 1st Baronet">Henry Ripley</a>, owner of Bowling Dyeworks, began construction of <a href="/wiki/Ripley_Ville" title="Ripley Ville">Ripley Ville</a> in Bradford in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industrial communities were established at <a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Price's Village">Price's Village</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Candles" title="Price's Candles">Price's Patent Candle Company</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Aintree" title="Aintree">Aintree</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hartley%27s" title="Hartley's">Hartley's</a>, who made jam, in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Lever" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lever">William Lever</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Port_Sunlight" title="Port Sunlight">Port Sunlight</a> had a village green and its houses espoused an idealised rural vernacular style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200262_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200262-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> industrialists, <a href="/wiki/George_Cadbury" title="George Cadbury">George Cadbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rowntrees" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowntrees">Rowntrees</a> built model villages by their factories. Cadbury built <a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a> between 1898 and 1905 and a second phase from 1914 and <a href="/wiki/New_Earswick" title="New Earswick">New Earswick</a> was built in 1902 for Rowntrees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200263_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200263-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As coal mining expanded villages were built to house coal miners. In Yorkshire, <a href="/wiki/Grimethorpe" title="Grimethorpe">Grimethorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldthorpe" title="Goldthorpe">Goldthorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_South_Yorkshire" title="Woodlands, South Yorkshire">Woodlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam,_West_Yorkshire" title="Fitzwilliam, West Yorkshire">Fitzwilliam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bottom_Boat" title="Bottom Boat">Bottom Boat</a> were built to house workers at the collieries. The architect who designed Woodlands and <a href="/wiki/Creswell_Model_Village" title="Creswell Model Village">Creswell Model Villages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bond_Houfton" class="mw-redirect" title="Percy Bond Houfton">Percy B. Houfton</a> was influential in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">garden city movement</a>. </p><p>In the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Silver_End" title="Silver End">Silver End</a> model village in Essex was built for <a href="/wiki/Francis_Henry_Crittall" title="Francis Henry Crittall">Francis Henry Crittall</a>. Its houses were designed in an <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">art deco-style</a> with flat roofs and <a href="/wiki/Crittall_Windows" title="Crittall Windows">Crittall windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowling_Dye_Works_Almshouses_-_New_Cross_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_638072.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bowling_Dye_Works_Almshouses_-_New_Cross_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_638072.jpg/220px-Bowling_Dye_Works_Almshouses_-_New_Cross_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_638072.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bowling_Dye_Works_Almshouses_-_New_Cross_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_638072.jpg/330px-Bowling_Dye_Works_Almshouses_-_New_Cross_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_638072.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bowling_Dye_Works_Almshouses_-_New_Cross_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_638072.jpg/440px-Bowling_Dye_Works_Almshouses_-_New_Cross_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_638072.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouses</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ripley_Ville" title="Ripley Ville">Ripley Ville</a>, Yorkshire. Built 1881 and now the only remaining example of the <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> of the village</figcaption></figure> <p>(Chronological order) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trowse" title="Trowse">Trowse</a>, Norfolk (1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Hamlet,_Bristol" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaise Hamlet, Bristol">Blaise Hamlet</a>, Gloucestershire (1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selworthy" title="Selworthy">Selworthy</a>, Somerset (1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Bridge,_Bolton" title="Barrow Bridge, Bolton">Barrow Bridge, Bolton</a> (1830s)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulcan Village (page does not exist)">Vulcan Village</a>, Merseyside (1833)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snelston" title="Snelston">Snelston</a>, Derbyshire (1840s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Railway_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Swindon Railway Village">Swindon Railway Village</a>, Wiltshire (1840s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withnell_Fold" title="Withnell Fold">Withnell Fold</a>, Lancashire (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltham" title="Meltham">Meltham</a>, Yorkshire (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromborough_Pool" title="Bromborough Pool">Bromborough Pool</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Price's Village">Price's Village</a>") (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltaire" title="Saltaire">Saltaire</a>, Yorkshire (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akroydon" title="Akroydon">Akroydon</a>, Yorkshire (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenthead" title="Nenthead">Nenthead</a>, Cumberland (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharlston" title="Sharlston">New Sharlston Colliery Village</a>, Yorkshire (1864)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripley_Ville" title="Ripley Ville">Ripley Ville</a>, Yorkshire (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copley,_West_Yorkshire" title="Copley, West Yorkshire">Copley</a>, Yorkshire (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howe_Bridge" title="Howe Bridge">Howe Bridge</a>, Lancashire (1873–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a>, Worcestershire (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barwick,_Hertfordshire" title="Barwick, Hertfordshire">Barwick</a>, Hertfordshire (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Sunlight" title="Port Sunlight">Port Sunlight</a>, Cheshire (1888)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswell_Model_Village" title="Creswell Model Village">Creswell Model Village</a>, Derbyshire (1895)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bolsover_model_village" title="New Bolsover model village">New Bolsover model village</a>, Derbyshire (1896)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickerstown" title="Vickerstown">Vickerstown</a>, Lancashire (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earswick" title="New Earswick">New Earswick</a>, Yorkshire (1904)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_South_Yorkshire" title="Woodlands, South Yorkshire">Woodlands</a>, Yorkshire (1905)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteley_Village" title="Whiteley Village">Whiteley Village</a>, Surrey (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_Village,_Kingston_upon_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="The Garden Village, Kingston upon Hull">The Garden Village, Kingston upon Hull</a>, Yorkshire (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_End" title="Silver End">Silver End</a>, Essex (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewartby" title="Stewartby">Stewartby</a>, Bedfordshire (1926)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Model_village" title="Special:EditPage/Model village">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_County_Armagh" title="Milford, County Armagh">Milford, County Armagh</a>, Northern Ireland (1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portlaw" title="Portlaw">Portlaw</a>, County Waterford, Republic of Ireland (1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion_Mills" title="Sion Mills">Sion Mills</a>, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessbrook" title="Bessbrook">Bessbrook</a>, County Armagh, Northern Ireland (1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurelvale" title="Laurelvale">Laurelvale</a>, County Armagh, Northern Ireland (1850s)</li> <li>Model Village, County Cork (1910s; usually called <a href="/wiki/Tower,_County_Cork" title="Tower, County Cork">Tower</a>, the name of the pre-existing hamlet)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a>, Lanarkshire (1786)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales">Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tremadog" title="Tremadog">Tremadog</a>, Caernarfonshire (1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elan_Village" title="Elan Village">Elan Village</a>, Powys (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portmeirion" title="Portmeirion">Portmeirion</a>, Merioneth (1925)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn" title="Zlín">Zlín</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>, was organized and built by <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Ba%C5%A5a" title="Tomáš Baťa">Tomáš Baťa</a> to house and efficiently organize the workers of <a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bata Shoes">Bata Shoes</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Stadt des KdF-Wagens</a> was built for the Volkswagen factory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crespi_d%27Adda" title="Crespi d'Adda">Crespi d'Adda</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> region, is a well-preserved model workers' village, and <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 1995. It was built from scratch, starting in 1878, to provide housing and social services for the workers in a cotton textile factory on the banks of the river <a href="/wiki/Adda_River,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adda River, Italy">Adda</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crespi_d%E2%80%99Adda_(Ian_Spackman_2007-007-32).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Crespi_d%E2%80%99Adda_%28Ian_Spackman_2007-007-32%29.jpg/220px-Crespi_d%E2%80%99Adda_%28Ian_Spackman_2007-007-32%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Crespi_d%E2%80%99Adda_%28Ian_Spackman_2007-007-32%29.jpg/330px-Crespi_d%E2%80%99Adda_%28Ian_Spackman_2007-007-32%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Crespi_d%E2%80%99Adda_%28Ian_Spackman_2007-007-32%29.jpg/440px-Crespi_d%E2%80%99Adda_%28Ian_Spackman_2007-007-32%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crespi_d%27Adda" title="Crespi d'Adda">Crespi d'Adda</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Bazt%C3%A1n" title="Nuevo Baztán">Nuevo Baztán</a> outside Madrid dates from the <a href="/wiki/Mercantilist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercantilist">mercantilist</a> and entrepreneurial ambitions of an industrialist from the early-eighteenth century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australasia">Australasia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Australasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Newsprint_Mills" title="Australian Newsprint Mills">Australian Newsprint Mills</a> established a worker's village at <a href="/wiki/Boyer,_Tasmania" title="Boyer, Tasmania">Boyer, Tasmania</a> to accommodate workers of the <a href="/wiki/Boyer_Mill" title="Boyer Mill">Boyer Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadbury" title="Cadbury">Cadbury</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Cadbury%27s_Chocolate_Factory,_Tasmania#Cadbury's_Estate" title="Cadbury's Chocolate Factory, Tasmania">Cadbury's Estate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Claremont,_Tasmania" title="Claremont, Tasmania">Claremont, Tasmania</a> in 1921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EZ_Industries" title="EZ Industries">EZ Industries</a> constructed homes at <a href="/wiki/Lutana,_Tasmania" title="Lutana, Tasmania">Lutana, Tasmania</a> for workers of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Risdon_Zinc_Works" title="Risdon Zinc Works">Risdon Zinc Works</a>, commencing in 1916<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrhill,_New_Zealand" title="Barrhill, New Zealand">Barrhill</a> was laid out by its Scottish owner for the workers on his large sheep farm<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ox_Horn_Campus" title="Huawei Ox Horn Campus">Huawei Ox Horn Campus</a>, research and development buildings of technology company <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Company_town" title="Company town">Company town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="New Towns in the United Kingdom">New Towns in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">Garden city movement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200258-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200258_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurchardt2002">Burchardt 2002</a>, p. 58"Model villages, as their name implies, were rural in origin, and can be traced back to the eighteenth century (although the phrase itself was a Victorian coinage, reflecting the mid-nineteenth-century emphasis on the model village as an example set to other builders, architects and landlords."). Initially the main impetus to model village building came from the desire of landowners to improve and embellish their estates. The fundamental aim was aesthetic; social considerations were marginal or even absent.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200259-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200259_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurchardt2002">Burchardt 2002</a>, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200260-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200260_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurchardt2002">Burchardt 2002</a>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200261-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200261_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurchardt2002">Burchardt 2002</a>, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornes199478-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornes199478_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThornes1994">Thornes 1994</a>, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornes199479-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornes199479_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThornes1994">Thornes 1994</a>, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200262-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200262_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200262_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurchardt2002">Burchardt 2002</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker, R L (2008) When was Ripleyville Built? SEQUALS, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B9532139%2B2%2B7" title="Special:BookSources/0+9532139+2+7">0 9532139 2 7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1560975" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1560975&resourceID=19191">"Prices Village (1560975)"</a>, <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Prices+Village+%281560975%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D1560975%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-16215485">Hartley's jam village made a conservation area</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 16 December 2011 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200263-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurchardt200263_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurchardt2002">Burchardt 2002</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/essex/content/articles/2009/01/27/silver_end_feature.shtml"><i>Silver End - a window on the past</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 22 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silver+End+-+a+window+on+the+past&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fessex%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2009%2F01%2F27%2Fsilver_end_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825161953/http://www.bolton.gov.uk/sites/DocumentCentre/Documents/BarrowBridgeCAx.pdf"><i>Barrow Bridge Conservation Area</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, bolton.gov.uk, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bolton.gov.uk/sites/documentcentre/Documents/BarrowBridgeCAx.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barrow+Bridge+Conservation+Area&rft.pub=bolton.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bolton.gov.uk%2Fsites%2Fdocumentcentre%2FDocuments%2FBarrowBridgeCAx.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sthelens.gov.uk/media/3084/vulcan-village-conservation-area-appraisal/pdf/vulcan-village-conservation-area-appraisal.pdf"><i>Vulcan Village Conservation Area appraisal</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, St Helens Council<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vulcan+Village+Conservation+Area+appraisal&rft.pub=St+Helens+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sthelens.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F3084%2Fvulcan-village-conservation-area-appraisal%2Fpdf%2Fvulcan-village-conservation-area-appraisal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=7071&resourceID=105"><i>Sharlston Colliery Model Village</i></a>, Heritage Gateway<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharlston+Colliery+Model+Village&rft.pub=Heritage+Gateway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D7071%26resourceID%3D105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1362582" class="citation web cs2">Historic England, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1362582&resourceID=19191">"Port Sunlight (1362582)"</a>, <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Port+Sunlight+%281362582%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D1362582%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England929805" class="citation web cs2">Historic England, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=929805&resourceID=19191">"The Model Village (929805)"</a>, <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=The+Model+Village+%28929805%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D929805%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England613327" class="citation web cs2">Historic England, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=613327&resourceID=19191">"New Bolsover Model Village (613327)"</a>, <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=New+Bolsover+Model+Village+%28613327%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D613327%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214057/http://www.jrht.org.uk/sites/files/jrht/uploads/10/10/NewEarswickleaflet.pdf"><i>The garden village of New Earswick</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust, p. 2, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrht.org.uk/sites/files/jrht/uploads/10/10/NewEarswickleaflet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+garden+village+of+New+Earswick&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Joseph+Rowntree+Housing+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrht.org.uk%2Fsites%2Ffiles%2Fjrht%2Fuploads%2F10%2F10%2FNewEarswickleaflet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidentsmedals.com/Entry-8090"><i>A study of Woodlands Model Colliery Village 1907-1909</i></a>, Royal Institute of British Architects<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+study+of+Woodlands+Model+Colliery+Village+1907-1909&rft.pub=Royal+Institute+of+British+Architects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidentsmedals.com%2FEntry-8090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Tasmanian Industrial Village Successful Co-operative Building (1 November 1923)", <i>The Australian Home Builder</i> (November 1923), Herald and Weekly Times: 50, 1923-11-01, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0819-7008">0819-7008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Home+Builder&rft.atitle=Tasmanian+Industrial+Village+Successful+Co-operative+Building+%281+November+1923%29&rft.issue=November+1923&rft.pages=50&rft.date=1923-11-01&rft.issn=0819-7008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPawson" class="citation web cs1">Pawson, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2W10">"Wason, John Cathcart"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=Wason%2C+John+Cathcart&rft.aulast=Pawson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F2W10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurchardt2002" class="citation cs2">Burchardt, Jeremy (2002), <i>Paradise Lost: Rural Idyll and Social Change Since 1800</i>, I. B. Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860645143" title="Special:BookSources/1860645143"><bdi>1860645143</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+Lost%3A+Rural+Idyll+and+Social+Change+Since+1800&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1860645143&rft.aulast=Burchardt&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornes1994" class="citation cs2">Thornes, Robin (1994), <i>Images of Industry: Coal</i>, Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873592-23-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-873592-23-X"><bdi>1-873592-23-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+of+Industry%3A+Coal&rft.pub=Royal+Commission+on+the+Historical+Monuments+of+England&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-873592-23-X&rft.aulast=Thornes&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModel+village" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gillian Darley's 'Villages of Vision: A Study of Strange Utopias' first published 1975 (Architectural Press, pb 1978 Paladin) and republished with fully revised gazetteer 2007 (Five Leaves Publications)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_village&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" 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title="Category:Planned industrial developments">Industrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_cluster" title="Business cluster">Business cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">Industrial district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">Industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_technology_centers" title="List of technology centers">Technology centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_residential_developments" title="Category:Planned residential developments">Residential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrihood" title="Agrihood">Agrihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">Boarding house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow_court" title="Bungalow court">Bungalow court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">City block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_community" title="Closed community">Closed community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_town" title="Company town">Company town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation community">Conservation community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_home" title="Executive home">Executive home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_course_community" title="Golf course community">Golf course community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community">Gated community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">Housing estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_apartment" title="Luxury apartment">Luxury apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMansion" title="McMansion">McMansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_dwellings_company" title="Model dwellings company">Model dwellings for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifamily_residential" title="Multifamily residential">Multifamily residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">Penthouse apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_community" title="Private community">Private community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airpark" title="Airpark">Residential airpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">Residential area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_community" title="Retirement community">Retirement community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_house" title="Revenue house">Revenue house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooming_house" title="Rooming house">Rooming house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tract_housing" title="Tract housing">Tract housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science/education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_parks" title="List of research parks">Research park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">Satellite campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_park" title="Science park">Science park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_municipal_developments" title="Category:Planned municipal developments">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_center" title="Civic center">Civic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">Garden city movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Model village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planned_cities" title="List of planned cities">Planned cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">Planned community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Urban green space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">types</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">Tower block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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