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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Particularités"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Particularités</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Particularités-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilités" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilités"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Utilités</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilités-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Types</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stations_monolithiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations_monolithiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Stations monolithiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stations_monolithiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stations_modulaires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations_modulaires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Stations modulaires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stations_modulaires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiabilité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiabilité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fiabilité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiabilité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stations_passées,_présentes_et_futures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations_passées,_présentes_et_futures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Stations passées, présentes et futures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stations_passées,_présentes_et_futures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Stations passées, présentes et futures</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stations_passées,_présentes_et_futures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statistiques_des_stations_spatiales_habitées" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistiques_des_stations_spatiales_habitées"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Statistiques des stations spatiales habitées</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistiques_des_stations_spatiales_habitées-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stations_spatiales_non-habitées_ou_ayant_échoué" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations_spatiales_non-habitées_ou_ayant_échoué"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Stations spatiales non-habitées ou ayant échoué</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stations_spatiales_non-habitées_ou_ayant_échoué-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autres_stations_spatiales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autres_stations_spatiales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Autres stations spatiales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autres_stations_spatiales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Station spatiale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 84 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtestasie" title="Ruimtestasie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruimtestasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_espacial" title="Estación espacial – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estación espacial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="محطة فضاء – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محطة فضاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_espacial" title="Estación espacial – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estación espacial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmik_stansiya" title="Kosmik stansiya – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmik stansiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Арбітальная станцыя – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арбітальная станцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космическа станция – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Космическа станция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="মহাকাশ স্টেশন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাকাশ স্টেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirska_stanica" title="Svemirska stanica – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svemirska stanica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3_espacial" title="Estació espacial – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estació espacial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="وێستگەی بۆشایی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێستگەی بۆشایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesm%C3%ADrn%C3%A1_stanice" title="Vesmírná stanice – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vesmírná stanice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumstation" title="Rumstation – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rumstation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raumstation" title="Raumstation – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raumstation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Διαστημικός σταθμός – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαστημικός σταθμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Space station" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmostacio" title="Kosmostacio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmostacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_espacial" title="Estación espacial – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estación espacial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitaaljaam" title="Orbitaaljaam – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orbitaaljaam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espazio-estazio" title="Espazio-estazio – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espazio-estazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ایستگاه فضایی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایستگاه فضایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaruusasema" title="Avaruusasema – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avaruusasema" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCmstasjoon" title="Rümstasjoon – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rümstasjoon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romtestasjon" title="Romtestasjon – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Romtestasjon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1isi%C3%BAn_sp%C3%A1is" title="Stáisiún spáis – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stáisiún spáis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99" title="太空站 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="太空站" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasyon_spasyal" title="Stasyon spasyal – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Stasyon spasyal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_espacial" title="Estación espacial – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estación espacial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="תחנת חלל – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחנת חלל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="अंतरिक्ष स्टेशन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरिक्ष स्टेशन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirska_postaja" title="Svemirska postaja – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svemirska postaja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B0r%C3%A1llom%C3%A1s" title="Űrállomás – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Űrállomás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AE%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ուղեծրակայան – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուղեծրակայան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasiun_luar_angkasa" title="Stasiun luar angkasa – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stasiun luar angkasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimst%C3%B6%C3%B0" title="Geimstöð – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geimstöð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazione_spaziale" title="Stazione spaziale – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stazione spaziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="宇宙ステーション – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙ステーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spies_Stieshan" title="Spies Stieshan – créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Spies Stieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ორბიტული სადგური – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორბიტული სადგური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орбиталық станция – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орбиталық станция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3" title="ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%95%EA%B1%B0%EC%9E%A5" title="우주정거장 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주정거장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орбиталык станция – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орбиталык станция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statio_spatialis" title="Statio spatialis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Statio spatialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raumstatioun" title="Raumstatioun – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Raumstatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmin%C4%97_stotis" title="Kosminė stotis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosminė stotis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit%C4%81l%C4%81_stacija" title="Orbitālā stacija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Orbitālā stacija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Вселенска станица – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вселенска станица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബഹിരാകാശനിലയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹിരാകാശനിലയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stesen_angkasa" title="Stesen angkasa – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Stesen angkasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C3%A7on_spacial" title="Staçon spacial – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Staçon spacial" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%81%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အာကာသစခန်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာကာသစခန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtestation" title="Ruimtestation – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruimtestation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romstasjon" title="Romstasjon – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romstasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romstasjon" title="Romstasjon – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romstasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estacion_espaciala" title="Estacion espaciala – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estacion espaciala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacja_kosmiczna" title="Stacja kosmiczna – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stacja kosmiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espacial" title="Estação espacial – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estação espacial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C8%9Bie_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83" title="Stație spațială – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stație spațială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орбитальная станция – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орбитальная станция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirska_stanica" title="Svemirska stanica – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svemirska stanica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1" title="අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථාන – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථාන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Space station" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmick%C3%A1_stanica" title="Kozmická stanica – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kozmická stanica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesoljska_postaja" title="Vesoljska postaja – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vesoljska postaja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Свемирска станица – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свемирска станица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruumstation" title="Ruumstation – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruumstation" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rymdstation" title="Rymdstation – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rymdstation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituo_cha_angani" title="Kituo cha angani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kituo cha angani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="விண்வெளி நிலையம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விண்வெளி நிலையம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Истгоҳи фазоӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Истгоҳи фазоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="สถานีอวกาศ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีอวกาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estasyong_pangkalawakan" title="Estasyong pangkalawakan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estasyong pangkalawakan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzay_istasyonu" title="Uzay istasyonu – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uzay istasyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%27_stantsi%C3%A4" title="Orbital' stantsiä – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Orbital' stantsiä" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Орбітальна станція – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орбітальна станція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2" title="خلائی مرکز – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلائی مرکز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_stansiya" title="Orbital stansiya – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orbital stansiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5" title="Trạm vũ trụ – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trạm vũ trụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="空间站 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="空间站" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:ISS_ULF3_STS-129.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ISS_ULF3_STS-129.jpg/220px-ISS_ULF3_STS-129.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ISS_ULF3_STS-129.jpg/330px-ISS_ULF3_STS-129.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ISS_ULF3_STS-129.jpg/440px-ISS_ULF3_STS-129.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3282" data-file-height="2343" /></a><figcaption>Extérieur de la <a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> en novembre 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>Une <b>station spatiale</b> ou <b>station orbitale</b><sup id="cite_ref-L_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FT_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est une installation en <a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">orbite</a> habitée par un <a href="/wiki/Vol_spatial_habit%C3%A9" title="Vol spatial habité">équipage humain</a> pendant une période prolongée, ne disposant pas de moyens de propulsion autonomes ou ne disposant que de moyens de propulsion réduits. Jusqu'à présent, seules des stations spatiales destinées à être en <a href="/wiki/Orbite_terrestre_basse" title="Orbite terrestre basse">orbite terrestre basse</a> ont été construites. </p><p>Les stations spatiales sont conçues pour rester en <a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">orbite</a> de quelques semaines à plusieurs années. Les seules stations actuellement en activité sont la <a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_chinoise" title="Station spatiale chinoise">Station spatiale chinoise</a> en voie d'achèvement. Les stations précédentes étaient celles des programmes soviétiques <a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saliout" title="Saliout">Saliout</a> et <a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a>, la station spatiale américaine <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> ainsi que les stations chinoises <a href="/wiki/Tiangong_1" title="Tiangong 1">Tiangong 1</a> et <a href="/wiki/Tiangong_2" title="Tiangong 2">Tiangong 2</a>. À l'avenir, plusieurs stations devraient voir le jour telle la <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway">Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway</a> américaine ou encore une hypothétique station spatiale indienne. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologie">Terminologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Terminologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Terminologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Une station orbitale est un engin spatial envoyé en <a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">orbite</a> dans le but d'héberger dans la durée des équipages accomplissant des missions variées<sup id="cite_ref-L_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FT_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Si le terme « station spatiale » a été utilisé par le passé pour désigner non seulement les installations en orbite mais aussi celles à la surface d'un astre<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, son sens s'est depuis restreint pour devenir synonyme de « station orbitale » seulement<sup id="cite_ref-L_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FT_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les installations spatiales à la surface d'un astre sont maintenant désignée par le terme « base spatiale »<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Particularités"><span id="Particularit.C3.A9s"></span>Particularités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Particularités" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Particularités"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les stations spatiales se distinguent des autres engins spatiaux, comme la <a href="/wiki/Navette_spatiale" title="Navette spatiale">navette spatiale</a>, par le fait qu'elles peuvent rester en <a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">orbite</a> de nombreuses années. Elles sont également incapables de retourner sur <a href="/wiki/Terre" title="Terre">Terre</a> et ont une capacité de changement de trajectoire qui se limite à éviter des <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9bris_spatial" title="Débris spatial">débris spatiaux</a>. </p><p>Alors que les <a href="/wiki/Satellite_artificiel" title="Satellite artificiel">satellites artificiels</a> sont mis sur orbite en une seule fois, les stations spatiales, en raison de leur taille importante, sont généralement divisées en modules. Ces derniers sont mis sur orbite un par un et assemblés dans l'espace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilités"><span id="Utilit.C3.A9s"></span>Utilités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Utilités" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilités"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les premières stations spatiales (<a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbital_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Manned Orbital Laboratory">MOL</a>, américaine, qui restera à l'état de maquette et <a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a>) ont été étudiées pour des missions d'espionnage<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La dernière station à usage militaire était <a href="/wiki/Saliout_5" title="Saliout 5">Saliout 5</a> du programme <a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (1976-1977). </p><p>Les stations spatiales sont actuellement principalement utilisées pour effectuer des expériences en <a href="/wiki/Impesanteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Impesanteur">impesanteur</a>, comme : </p> <ul><li>l'étude des effets de l'impesanteur sur les êtres vivants</li> <li>la validation de certains équipements destinés à effectuer des voyages spatiaux</li> <li>la mise en place d'expériences de physique fondamentale</li> <li>la fabrication de matériaux composites</li></ul> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Soyouz_11" title="Soyouz 11">Soyouz 11</a> à <a href="/wiki/Saliout_1" title="Saliout 1">Saliout 1</a>, tous les records de durée en impesanteur ont été réalisés à bord de stations spatiales. Le record de durée en continu pour une même mission est de 437,7 jours détenu par <a href="/wiki/Valeri_Poliakov" title="Valeri Poliakov">Valeri Poliakov</a> à bord de la station <i><a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a></i> de 1994 à 1995. Jusqu'en 2009, trois astronautes avaient bouclé des missions de plus d'une année, tous à bord de <i>Mir</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Concept de station spatiale Von Braun 1952" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg/220px-Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg/330px-Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg/440px-Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2091" /></a><figcaption>Concept de station spatiale Von Braun 1952</figcaption></figure> <p>Les stations spatiales ont été envisagées au moins depuis <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a> lorsqu'<a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett_Hale" title="Edward Everett Hale">Everett Hale</a> écrivit un article à propos de « navires lunaires » dans le mensuel <i>Atlantic</i><sup id="cite_ref-boys_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boys-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Plus tard, <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Tsiolkovski" title="Constantin Tsiolkovski">Constantin Tsiolkovski</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Oberth" title="Hermann Oberth">Hermann Oberth</a> envisagèrent eux aussi des stations spatiales<sup id="cite_ref-boys_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boys-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Poto%C4%8Dnik" title="Herman Potočnik">Hermann Noordung</a> publie <i>The Problem of Space Travel</i>. Ce texte resta populaire pendant près de 30 ans. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>, dans le <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Collier's Weekly">Collier's Weekly</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a> publie ses croquis d'une <a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_en_forme_de_roue_tournant_sur_elle-m%C3%AAme" title="Station spatiale en forme de roue tournant sur elle-même">station spatiale en forme de roue</a><sup id="cite_ref-boys_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boys-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Types" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Types"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il existe deux types de station spatiale : les stations monolithiques et les stations modulaires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stations_monolithiques">Stations monolithiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Stations monolithiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Stations monolithiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Noordung_space_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Noordung_space_station.jpg/220px-Noordung_space_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Noordung_space_station.jpg/330px-Noordung_space_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Noordung_space_station.jpg/440px-Noordung_space_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1939" data-file-height="2686" /></a><figcaption>Description d'une station spatiale dans <i>The Problem of Space Travel</i> (1929) d'<a href="/wiki/Herman_Poto%C4%8Dnik" title="Herman Potočnik">Hermann Noordung</a>.<br /> (Légende: <i>Aufzugschacht</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ascenseur" title="Ascenseur">Ascenseur</a> arbre. <i>K</i>: câble électrique à un observatoire extérieur. <i>Kondensatorrohre</i>: tubes du condenseur. <i>S</i>: <a href="/wiki/Sas_(passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sas (passage)">sas</a>. <i>Treppenschacht</i>: <a href="/wiki/Escalier" title="Escalier">escalier</a>. <i>Verdampfungsrohr</i>: tuyaux de la chaudière).</figcaption></figure> <p>Les stations des programmes <a href="/wiki/Saliout" title="Saliout">Saliout</a> (1971-1991) et <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> (1973-1979) ont été « monolithiques », c'est-à-dire destinées à être construites et lancées en une seule pièce, leur équipage les rejoignant plus tard. Ces stations contiennent généralement tous leurs approvisionnements et équipements expérimentaux lors de leur lancement. Lorsque les expériences et l'approvisionnement arrivaient à leur terme, elles étaient considérées comme ayant rempli leur mission et étaient abandonnées. </p><p>À partir de <a href="/wiki/Saliout_6" title="Saliout 6">Saliout 6</a> et <a href="/wiki/Saliout_7" title="Saliout 7">Saliout 7</a>, on ajouta deux terminaux d'amarrage afin de permettre la visite d'un second équipage amenant avec lui un nouveau véhicule spatial (pour des raisons techniques, les <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_spatial" title="Véhicule spatial">véhicules spatiaux</a> <a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(v%C3%A9hicule_spatial)" title="Soyouz (véhicule spatial)">Soyouz</a> ne pouvaient rester plus de quelques mois en orbite en sécurité, même en étant mis hors tension<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le Avril 2010) ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup>). L'ajout des terminaux permit à un équipage d'utiliser la station en permanence. Skylab fut également équipé de deux terminaux d'arrimage, comme toutes les stations de deuxième génération, mais l'un d'eux ne fut jamais utilisé. La présence d'un second terminal sur les nouvelles stations permit au véhicule spatial de ravitaillement <a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> de s'arrimer à la station pour apporter du ravitaillement nécessaire aux missions de longue durée. Avec <a href="/wiki/TKS_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="TKS (vaisseau spatial)">TKS</a>, ce concept fut étendu brièvement à <a href="/wiki/Saliout_7" title="Saliout 7">Saliout 7</a> avant d'être abandonné. Le test servit à prouver la faisabilité des stations modulaires. Les stations Saliout suivantes furent une transition entre les stations monolithiques et les stations modulaires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stations_modulaires">Stations modulaires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Stations modulaires" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Stations modulaires"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le second type, <a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a> (1986-2001), la <a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> (1998-) et la <a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_chinoise" title="Station spatiale chinoise">Station spatiale chinoise</a> (2021-) sont les stations modulaires : une unité centrale est d'abord lancée et des modules additionnels, généralement avec un rôle spécifique, lui sont ajoutés plus tard (sur Mir, ils étaient généralement lancés indépendamment alors que pour l'ISS, ils étaient, en majorité, apportés par la <a href="/wiki/Navette_spatiale_am%C3%A9ricaine" title="Navette spatiale américaine">navette spatiale</a>). Cette méthode permet une plus grande flexibilité en opérations, ainsi que de se passer d'un lanceur à usage unique très puissant. Ces stations sont également conçues dès le départ pour un approvisionnement extérieur fourni par la logistique, ce qui permet d'allonger leur durée de vie au prix d'un lancement de ravitaillement régulier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiabilité"><span id="Fiabilit.C3.A9"></span>Fiabilité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Fiabilité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fiabilité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ces stations ont quelques problèmes qui limitent leur fiabilité à long terme, tels que le <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite des précisions supplémentaires." style="cursor:help;">taux de recyclage</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Pr%C3%A9ciser_un_fait" title="Aide:Préciser un fait">[Quoi ?]</a></sup> très bas, un niveau élevé de radiations.... Certains de ces problèmes peuvent causer inconfort et problèmes de santé à long terme. </p><p>Les futurs <a href="/wiki/Habitat_spatial" title="Habitat spatial">habitats spatiaux</a> devront résoudre ces problèmes pour pouvoir être occupés à long terme. Certains projets peuvent même accueillir un très grand nombre de personnes, essentiellement des « villes spatiales », où les gens pourront construire leur propre maison. Aucun de ces projets n'a encore vu le jour, car actuellement le coût de fabrication et de mise en service d'une station même petite n'est finançable que par les États, lesquels n'ont à ce jour aucun intérêt géostratégique à créer de telles stations résidentielles. </p><p>Un moyen de diminuer ce coût, serait de construire un grand nombre de fusées (économie d'échelle), d'employer des fusées réutilisables, d'utiliser les ressources in-situ ou encore, d'utiliser un <a href="/wiki/Ascenseur_spatial" title="Ascenseur spatial">ascenseur spatial</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Structure" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Structure"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/220px-seek%3D25-First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="110" data-durationhint="190" data-mwtitle="First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fichier:First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="428" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="640" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="960" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="8192" data-height="4096" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="128" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="214" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm/First_8K_Video_from_Space_-_Ultra_HD_VP9.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="320" /></video></span><figcaption>Habitat végétal avancé sur la Station spatiale internationale</figcaption></figure> <p>Une station spatiale est un système complexe avec beaucoup de sous-systèmes interdépendants : </p> <ol><li>Structure</li> <li>Générateur électrique</li> <li>Contrôle thermique</li> <li>Détermination et contrôle de l'attitude</li> <li>Propulsion et navigation orbitales</li> <li>Automation et robotique</li> <li>Ordinateurs et communications</li> <li>Supports environnementaux et de survie</li> <li>Installations pour l'équipage</li> <li>Transports des équipages et du fret</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stations_passées,_présentes_et_futures"><span id="Stations_pass.C3.A9es.2C_pr.C3.A9sentes_et_futures"></span>Stations passées, présentes et futures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Stations passées, présentes et futures" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Stations passées, présentes et futures"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>(les dates se réfèrent aux périodes pendant lesquelles elles étaient habitées)</i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Space_station_size_comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Space_station_size_comparison.svg/220px-Space_station_size_comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Space_station_size_comparison.svg/330px-Space_station_size_comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Space_station_size_comparison.svg/440px-Space_station_size_comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Comparaison des tailles des stations spatiales.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Stations spatiales <b><a href="/wiki/Saliout" title="Saliout">Saliout</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a>, 1971-1986) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saliout_1" title="Saliout 1">Saliout 1</a></b> (1971, 1 équipage et un amarrage raté)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/DOS-2" title="DOS-2">DOS-2</a></b> (1972, échec du lancement)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saliout_2" title="Saliout 2">Saliout 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a></b> (1973, panne 2 jours après le lancement)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_557" title="Cosmos 557">Cosmos 557</a></b> (1973, brûle lors de sa ré-entrée 11 jours après le lancement)</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saliout_3" title="Saliout 3">Saliout 3</a>/Almaz</b> (1974, 1 équipage et un amarrage raté)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saliout_4" title="Saliout 4">Saliout 4</a></b> (1975, 2 équipages et un autre planifié n'acheva pas sa mise en orbite)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saliout_5" title="Saliout 5">Saliout 5</a>/Almaz</b> (1976–1977, 2 équipages et un amarrage raté)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saliout_6" title="Saliout 6">Saliout 6</a></b> (1977–1981, 16 équipages (5 de longue durée, 11 de courte durée) et un amarrage raté)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saliout_7" title="Saliout 7">Saliout 7</a></b> (1982–1986, 10 équipages (6 de longue durée, 4 de courte durée) et un amarrage raté)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></b> (États-Unis, 1973–1974, 3 équipages)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a></b></i> (URSS/Russie, 1986–2000, <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_exp%C3%A9ditions_vers_Mir" title="Liste des expéditions vers Mir">28 équipages de longue durée</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:ISS_STREAM_CAM_A1_HD_21080321_002_TIMELAPSE_13S_GIF_TXT_TYPE.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ISS_STREAM_CAM_A1_HD_21080321_002_TIMELAPSE_13S_GIF_TXT_TYPE.gif/220px-ISS_STREAM_CAM_A1_HD_21080321_002_TIMELAPSE_13S_GIF_TXT_TYPE.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ISS_STREAM_CAM_A1_HD_21080321_002_TIMELAPSE_13S_GIF_TXT_TYPE.gif/330px-ISS_STREAM_CAM_A1_HD_21080321_002_TIMELAPSE_13S_GIF_TXT_TYPE.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ISS_STREAM_CAM_A1_HD_21080321_002_TIMELAPSE_13S_GIF_TXT_TYPE.gif/440px-ISS_STREAM_CAM_A1_HD_21080321_002_TIMELAPSE_13S_GIF_TXT_TYPE.gif 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>ISS : <a href="/wiki/Station_Spatiale_Internationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Station Spatiale Internationale">Station Spatiale Internationale</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> (ISS)</b> (<a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_spatiale_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Agence spatiale européenne">Agence spatiale européenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_d%27exploration_a%C3%A9rospatiale_japonaise" title="Agence d'exploration aérospatiale japonaise">JAXA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> et <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a>, 2000-présent, 67 équipages de longue durée à cette date (<time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-05" data-sort-value="2020-05">Mai 2020</time>))</li> <li><b>Genesis</b>, (<a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a>, 2006-) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Genesis_I" title="Genesis I">Genesis 1</a></b> (Privé, 2006-, expérimental, jamais occupé)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Genesis_II" title="Genesis II">Genesis II</a></b> (Privé, 2007-, expérimental, jamais occupé)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Programme_Tiangong" title="Programme Tiangong">Tiangong</a></b> (Chine, 2011-) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_1" title="Tiangong 1">Tiangong 1</a></b> (2011-2016, 2 équipages)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_2" title="Tiangong 2">Tiangong 2</a></b> (2016-2019, 1 équipage)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_3" title="Tiangong 3">Tiangong 3</a></b> (annulé)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_chinoise" title="Station spatiale chinoise">Station spatiale chinoise</a></b> (SSC) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_(station_spatiale_chinoise)" title="Tianhe (station spatiale chinoise)">Tianhe</a></b> (premier module, lancé le 29 avril 2021)</li> <li><b><span class="ExistingLink"><a href="/wiki/Wentian" class="mw-redirect" title="Wentian">Wentian</a></span></b> (second module, lancé le 24 juillet 2022)</li> <li><b><span class="ExistingLink"><a href="/wiki/Mengtian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengtian">Mengtian</a></span></b> (troisième module, lancé le 31 octobre 2022)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway">Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway</a></b>, (en développement; <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_spatiale_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Agence spatiale européenne">Agence spatiale européenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_d%27exploration_a%C3%A9rospatiale_japonaise" title="Agence d'exploration aérospatiale japonaise">JAXA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> et <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a> : Projet de station en orbite <a href="/wiki/Espace_cislunaire" title="Espace cislunaire">cislunaire</a> en vue d'une <a href="/wiki/Exploration_de_la_Lune" title="Exploration de la Lune">exploration de la Lune</a>. Cette station devrait être assemblée en 2026, et serait habitée partiellement.)</li></ul> <p>Après le désorbitage de Mir en 2001, l'ISS était la seule de ces stations encore en orbite. Elle est continuellement occupée depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2000-10-30" data-sort-value="2000-10-30">30 octobre 2000</time>. <a href="/wiki/Tiangong_1" title="Tiangong 1">Tiangong 1</a> et <a href="/wiki/Tiangong_2" title="Tiangong 2">Tiangong 2</a> l'ont rejointe le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-09-29" data-sort-value="2011-09-29">29 septembre 2011</time> et le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-09-15" data-sort-value="2016-09-15">15 septembre 2016</time>, respectivement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistiques_des_stations_spatiales_habitées"><span id="Statistiques_des_stations_spatiales_habit.C3.A9es"></span>Statistiques des stations spatiales habitées</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Statistiques des stations spatiales habitées" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Statistiques des stations spatiales habitées"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color: #efefef"> <th rowspan="2">Station spatiale </th> <th rowspan="2">Image </th> <th rowspan="2">Lancement </th> <th rowspan="2">Ré-entrée </th> <th colspan="2">Jours de fonctionnement </th> <th rowspan="2">Total équipage<br />et visiteurs </th> <th colspan="2">Visites </th> <th rowspan="2">Masse<br />(kg) </th></tr> <tr style="background: #eee; text-align: center; font-size: small"> <th>En orbite </th> <th>Occupée </th> <th>Habitée </th> <th>Non habitée </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saliout_1" title="Saliout 1">Saliout 1</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:RP1357_p64_Salyut_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/RP1357_p64_Salyut_1.svg/80px-RP1357_p64_Salyut_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/RP1357_p64_Salyut_1.svg/120px-RP1357_p64_Salyut_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/RP1357_p64_Salyut_1.svg/160px-RP1357_p64_Salyut_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="317" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1971-04-19" data-sort-value="1971-04-19">19 avril 1971</time><br />01:40:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1971-10-11" data-sort-value="1971-10-11">11 octobre 1971</time> </td> <td>175 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>18 425 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Skylab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Skylab.jpg/80px-Skylab.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Skylab.jpg/120px-Skylab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Skylab.jpg/160px-Skylab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1921" data-file-height="2773" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-05-14" data-sort-value="1973-05-14">14 mai 1973</time><br />17:30:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1979-07-11" data-sort-value="1979-07-11">11 juillet 1979</time><br />16:37:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td>2 249 </td> <td>171 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>77 088 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saliout_3" title="Saliout 3">Saliout 3</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Almaz_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/80px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/120px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/160px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1974-06-25" data-sort-value="1974-06-25">25 juin 1974</time><br />22:38:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1975-01-24" data-sort-value="1975-01-24">24 janvier 1975</time> </td> <td>213 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>18 000-19 000<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saliout_4" title="Saliout 4">Saliout 4</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Salyut_4_and_Soyuz_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Salyut_4_and_Soyuz_drawing.png/80px-Salyut_4_and_Soyuz_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Salyut_4_and_Soyuz_drawing.png/120px-Salyut_4_and_Soyuz_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Salyut_4_and_Soyuz_drawing.png/160px-Salyut_4_and_Soyuz_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="1403" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1974-12-26" data-sort-value="1974-12-26">26 décembre 1974</time><br />04:15:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1977-02-03" data-sort-value="1977-02-03">3 février 1977</time> </td> <td>770 </td> <td>92 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>18 500<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saliout_5" title="Saliout 5">Saliout 5</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Almaz_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/80px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/120px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/160px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1976-06-22" data-sort-value="1976-06-22">22 juin 1976</time><br />18:04:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1977-08-08" data-sort-value="1977-08-08">8 août 1977</time> </td> <td>412 </td> <td>67 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>18 000-19 000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saliout_6" title="Saliout 6">Saliout 6</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Salyut_6_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Salyut_6_drawing.svg/80px-Salyut_6_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Salyut_6_drawing.svg/120px-Salyut_6_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Salyut_6_drawing.svg/160px-Salyut_6_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="265" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1977-09-29" data-sort-value="1977-09-29">29 septembre 1977</time><br />06:50:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1982-07-29" data-sort-value="1982-07-29">29 juillet 1982</time> </td> <td>1 764 </td> <td>683 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>19 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saliout_7" title="Saliout 7">Saliout 7</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Salyut_7_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Salyut_7_diagram.png/80px-Salyut_7_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Salyut_7_diagram.png/120px-Salyut_7_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Salyut_7_diagram.png/160px-Salyut_7_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="410" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1982-04-19" data-sort-value="1982-04-19">19 avril 1982</time><br />19:45:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1991-02-07" data-sort-value="1991-02-07">7 février 1991</time> </td> <td>3 216 </td> <td>816 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>19 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i><a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg/80px-Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg/120px-Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg/160px-Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2010" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1986-02-19" data-sort-value="1986-02-19">19 février 1986</time><br />21:28:23 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="2001-03-23" data-sort-value="2001-03-23">23 mars 2001</time><br />05:50:00 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td>5 511 </td> <td>4 594 </td> <td>137 </td> <td>39 </td> <td>68 </td> <td>124 340 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">ISS</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:STS-129_ISS_Separation_November_2009_e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/STS-129_ISS_Separation_November_2009_e.jpg/80px-STS-129_ISS_Separation_November_2009_e.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/STS-129_ISS_Separation_November_2009_e.jpg/120px-STS-129_ISS_Separation_November_2009_e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/STS-129_ISS_Separation_November_2009_e.jpg/160px-STS-129_ISS_Separation_November_2009_e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1998-11-20" data-sort-value="1998-11-20">20 novembre 1998</time> </td> <td align="center">en orbite </td> <td><span data-sort-value="&0000000000009513" class="datasortkey">9 513</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="&0000000000008802" class="datasortkey">8 802</span> </td> <td>295 </td> <td>57 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>344 378 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_1" title="Tiangong 1">Tiangong 1</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tiangong_1_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tiangong_1_drawing.png/80px-Tiangong_1_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tiangong_1_drawing.png/120px-Tiangong_1_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tiangong_1_drawing.png/160px-Tiangong_1_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-09-29" data-sort-value="2011-09-29">29 septembre 2011</time><br />13:16:03 <a href="/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-02" data-sort-value="2018-04-02">2 avril 2018</time> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="&0000000000002377" class="datasortkey">2 377</span> </td> <td>27 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>8 506 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_2" title="Tiangong 2">Tiangong 2</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tiangong_1_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tiangong_1_drawing.png/80px-Tiangong_1_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tiangong_1_drawing.png/120px-Tiangong_1_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tiangong_1_drawing.png/160px-Tiangong_1_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-09-15" data-sort-value="2016-09-15">15 septembre 2016</time> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-07-19" data-sort-value="2019-07-19">19 juillet 2019</time> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="&0000000000003004" class="datasortkey">3 004</span> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>8 500 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Statistiques ISS : état au <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-07-21" data-sort-value="2010-07-21">21 juillet 2010</time></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stations_spatiales_non-habitées_ou_ayant_échoué"><span id="Stations_spatiales_non-habit.C3.A9es_ou_ayant_.C3.A9chou.C3.A9"></span>Stations spatiales non-habitées ou ayant échoué</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Stations spatiales non-habitées ou ayant échoué" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Stations spatiales non-habitées ou ayant échoué"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color: #efefef"> <th>Station spatiale </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Lancement </th> <th>Ré-entrée </th> <th>Jours en orbite </th> <th>Masse<br />(kg) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/DOS-2" title="DOS-2">DOS-2</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1972-07-29" data-sort-value="1972-07-29">29 juillet 1972</time><br />Échec de l'insertion en orbite terrestre </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1972-07-29" data-sort-value="1972-07-29">29 juillet 1972</time> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>18 425 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saliout_2" title="Saliout 2">Saliout 2</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Almaz_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/80px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/120px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Almaz_drawing.svg/160px-Almaz_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-04-04" data-sort-value="1973-04-04">4 avril 1973</time> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-05-28" data-sort-value="1973-05-28">28 mai 1973</time> </td> <td>54 </td> <td>18 500<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_557" title="Cosmos 557">Cosmos 557</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Salyut_1_and_Soyuz_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Salyut_1_and_Soyuz_drawing.png/80px-Salyut_1_and_Soyuz_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Salyut_1_and_Soyuz_drawing.png/120px-Salyut_1_and_Soyuz_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Salyut_1_and_Soyuz_drawing.png/160px-Salyut_1_and_Soyuz_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1466" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-05-11" data-sort-value="1973-05-11">11 mai 1973</time> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-05-22" data-sort-value="1973-05-22">22 mai 1973</time> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>19 400<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_I" title="Genesis I">Genesis I</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-07-12" data-sort-value="2006-07-12">12 juillet 2006</time> </td> <td align="center">en orbite </td> <td><span data-sort-value="&0000000000006722" class="datasortkey">6 722</span> </td> <td>1 360 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_II" title="Genesis II">Genesis II</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-06-28" data-sort-value="2007-06-28">28 juin 2007</time> </td> <td align="center">en orbite </td> <td><span data-sort-value="&0000000000006371" class="datasortkey">6 371</span> </td> <td>1 360 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autres_stations_spatiales">Autres stations spatiales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Autres stations spatiales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Autres stations spatiales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir-2" title="Mir-2">Mir-2</a>, projet annulé</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_station?oldid=373031737">Space station</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_station?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-L-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-L_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-L_1-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-L_1-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/station%20orbitale/93709"><cite style="font-style:normal;">station orbitale</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Grande_Encyclop%C3%A9die_Larousse" title="Grande Encyclopédie Larousse">Grande Encyclopédie Larousse</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-12-30" data-sort-value="2023-12-30">30 décembre 2023</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FT-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FT_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FT_2-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-FT_2-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Commission_d’enrichissement_de_la_langue_française"><a href="/wiki/Commission_d%27enrichissement_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française">Commission d’enrichissement de la langue française</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.fr/franceterme/terme/SPAT1761"><cite style="font-style:normal;">station spatiale</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/FranceTerme" title="FranceTerme">FranceTerme</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture_(France)" title="Ministère de la Culture (France)">ministère de la Culture</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-12-30" data-sort-value="2023-12-30">30 décembre 2023</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="legifrance" style="font-size:100%"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000187248?isAdvancedResult=&page=2&pageSize=10&query=%22station+spatiale%22&searchField=ALL&searchProximity=&searchType=ALL&tab_selection=all&typePagination=DEFAULT">Arrêté du 20 février 1995 relatif à la terminologie des sciences et techniques spatiales</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Commission_d’enrichissement_de_la_langue_française"><a href="/wiki/Commission_d%27enrichissement_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française">Commission d’enrichissement de la langue française</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.fr/franceterme/terme/SPAT1762?domaine=0&q=base%20spatiale"><cite style="font-style:normal;">base spatiale</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/FranceTerme" title="FranceTerme">FranceTerme</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture_(France)" title="Ministère de la Culture (France)">ministère de la Culture</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-12-30" data-sort-value="2023-12-30">30 décembre 2023</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">M.O.L., Almaz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arte.tv/fr/Comprendre-le-monde/histoire/Les-mercredis-de-l-histoire/Les-mercredis-de-l-histoire-/2236628,CmC=2237048.html"><i>Des espions dans l'espace</i></a> - documentaire diffusé sur <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a> le 2 septembre 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/en:NASA_FACTS/Russian_Space_Stations" class="extiw" title="s:en:NASA FACTS/Russian Space Stations">Russian Space Stations</a>, document de la NASA de 1997, en ligne sur <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boys-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-boys_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boys_7-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-boys_7-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z2YEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA20&dq=hermann%20oberth&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=1&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q=hermann%20oberth&f=false">Boy's Life September 1989 The First Space Station</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1974-046A">Description générale de Saliout 3</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Science_Data_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Space Science Data Center">NSSDC</a>, sur le site de la NASA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-104A">Description générale de Saliout 4</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Science_Data_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Space Science Data Center">NSSDC</a>, sur le site de la NASA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-057A">Description générale de Saliout 5</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Science_Data_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Space Science Data Center">NSSDC</a>, sur le site de la NASA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-017A">Description générale de Saliout 2</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Science_Data_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Space Science Data Center">NSSDC</a>, sur le site de la NASA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> |<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-026A">Description générale de Cosmos 557</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Science_Data_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Space Science Data Center">NSSDC</a>, sur le site de la NASA.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_stations?uselang=fr">Station spatiale</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Station_spatiale&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>URSS</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saliout" title="Saliout">Saliout</a> (premières stations spatiales, 1971-1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> (stations Saliout à objectifs militaires, 1973-1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKS_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="TKS (vaisseau spatial)">TKS</a> (vaisseau de ravitaillement pour les stations Almaz, 1976-1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a> (station qui succédera aux Saliout, 1986-2001)</li></ul> <p><b>États-Unis</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbital_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Manned Orbital Laboratory">Manned Orbital Laboratory</a> (programme spatial militaire américain, 1963-1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> (station spatiale américaine, 1973-1974)</li></ul> <p><b>International</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> (à partir de 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway">Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway</a> (prévu pour 2024)</li></ul> <p><b>Chine</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Tiangong" title="Programme Tiangong">Tiangong</a> (2011-2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_chinoise" title="Station spatiale chinoise">Station spatiale chinoise</a> (à partir de 2021)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Stations_spatiales" title="Modèle:Palette Stations spatiales"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Stations_spatiales&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stations spatiales</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Opérationnelles</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_chinoise" title="Station spatiale chinoise">Station spatiale chinoise</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Retirées du service</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a> et <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saliout" title="Saliout">Saliout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_1" title="Saliout 1">Saliout 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS-2" title="DOS-2">DOS-2</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_2" title="Saliout 2">Saliout 2</a><sup>1, 3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_557" title="Cosmos 557">Cosmos 557 (DOS-3)</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_3" title="Saliout 3">Saliout 3</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_4" title="Saliout 4">Saliout 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_5" title="Saliout 5">Saliout 5</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_6" title="Saliout 6">Saliout 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_7" title="Saliout 7">Saliout 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_1" title="Tiangong 1">Tiangong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_2" title="Tiangong 2">Tiangong 2</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Planifiées</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> (États-Unis, Europe, Japon et Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segment_orbital_Axiom" title="Segment orbital Axiom">Segment orbital Axiom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Orbital_Service_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Orbital Service Station (page inexistante)">Russian Orbital Service Station</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Service_Station" class="extiw" title="en:Russian Orbital Service Station"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Russian Orbital Service Station »">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Annulées</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;">Projets individuels</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_Almaz" title="Excalibur Almaz">Almaz commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(station_spatiale)" title="Aurora (station spatiale)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_Space_Habitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep Space Habitat (page inexistante)">Deep Space Habitat</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_Habitat" class="extiw" title="en:Deep Space Habitat"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Deep Space Habitat »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exploration_Gateway_Platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exploration Gateway Platform (page inexistante)">Exploration Gateway Platform</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_Gateway_Platform" class="extiw" title="en:Exploration Gateway Platform"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Exploration Gateway Platform »">(en)</span></a></li> <li>Stations de <a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_(module)" title="Galaxy (module)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundancer" title="Sundancer">Sundancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B330" title="B330">B330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Commercial_Space_Station" title="Bigelow Commercial Space Station">Bigelow Commercial Space Station</a></li> <li>prototypes lancés : <a href="/wiki/Genesis_I" title="Genesis I">Genesis I</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_II" title="Genesis II">Genesis II</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Suite" title="Galactic Suite">Galactic Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Industries" title="Space Industries">Industrial Space Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Manned Orbiting Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nautilus-X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nautilus-X (page inexistante)">Nautilus-X</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus-X" class="extiw" title="en:Nautilus-X"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Nautilus-X »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_B" title="Skylab B">Skylab B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_3" title="Tiangong 3">Tiangong 3</a></li> <li>Projets russes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Piloted_Assembly_and_Experiment_Complex" title="Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex">OPSEK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_Technologies_Commercial_Space_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station (page inexistante)">Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_Technologies_Commercial_Space_Station" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Orbital_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunar Orbital Station (page inexistante)">Lunar Orbital Station</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" class="extiw" title="en:Lunar Orbital Station"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Lunar Orbital Station »">(en)</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;">Fusionnées dans l'<a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">ISS</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_Freedom" title="Station spatiale Freedom">Station spatiale Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segment_orbital_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Segment orbital américain">USOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(Station_spatiale_internationale)" title="Columbus (Station spatiale internationale)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir-2" title="Mir-2">Mir-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segment_orbital_russe" title="Segment orbital russe">ROS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Études</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segment_orbital_Axiom" title="Segment orbital Axiom">Segment orbital Axiom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Antariksha_Station" title="Bharatiya Antariksha Station">Bharatiya Antariksha Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haven-1" title="Haven-1">Haven-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui) (page inexistante)">Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)" class="extiw" title="en:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui) »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_Reef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital Reef (page inexistante)">Orbital Reef</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_Reef" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital Reef"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Orbital Reef »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skylab_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skylab II (page inexistante)">Skylab II</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_II" class="extiw" title="en:Skylab II"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Skylab II »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlab_Space_Station" title="Starlab Space Station">Starlab Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_Voyager" title="Station Voyager">Station Voyager</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Concepts</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_spatial" title="Habitat spatial">Habitat spatial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atelier_humide" title="Atelier humide">Atelier humide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_en_forme_de_roue_tournant_sur_elle-m%C3%AAme" title="Station spatiale en forme de roue tournant sur elle-même">Station spatiale en forme de roue tournant sur elle-même</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sph%C3%A8re_de_Bernal" title="Sphère de Bernal">Sphère de Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tore_de_Stanford" title="Tore de Stanford">Tore de Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylindre_O%27Neill" title="Cylindre O'Neill">Cylindre O'Neill</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><sup>1</sup> : Jamais occupée, <sup>2</sup> : Échec au lancement, <sup>3</sup> : Partie du programme militaire <a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail de 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