CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>File System Definition - What is a computer file system?</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://techterms.com/definition/file_system"> <meta name="description" content="Learn what a computer file system is and how file systems organize files and folders on disks."> <meta name="keywords" content="File System, definition, hard disk, files, organize, format, directory structure, NTFS, FAT32, HFS"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=923672016"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://techterms.com/css/tt.css?v=1" media="screen, print"> <link rel="icon" href="/svg/favicon.svg"> <script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}gtag('consent','default',{'ad_storage':'granted','ad_user_data':'granted','ad_personalization':'granted','analytics_storage':'granted'});gtag('consent','default',{'ad_storage':'denied','ad_user_data':'denied','ad_personalization':'denied','region':["NO","DE","FI","BE","PT","BG","DK","LT","LU","LV","HR","FR","HU","SE","SI","MC","SK","MF","SM","YT","IE","GF","EE","MQ","MT","GP","IS","GR","IT","ES","AT","RE","CY","CZ","AX","PL","RO","LI","NL"]})</script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-domain-script="018decfc-da98-7112-b546-affa65c740cd"></script> <script>let adsLoaded=!1;let cmpReady=!1;let adsReady=!1;function OptanonWrapper(){cmpReady=!0;loadAds()}function loadAds(){if(!adsLoaded&&cmpReady&&adsReady){if((typeof __tcfapi!=="undefined")||(OnetrustActiveGroups.indexOf('C0004')!=-1)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().refresh()});!function(e,t,a,n,o,s){o=e.createElement(t),s=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],o.async=1,o.src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js",o.setAttribute("data-ad-client","ca-pub-0087137714961591"),s.parentNode.insertBefore(o,s)}(document,"script")}else{googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({nonPersonalizedAds:!0}),googletag.pubads().refresh()});!function(e,t,a,n,o,s){o=e.createElement(t),s=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],o.async=1,o.src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js",o.setAttribute("data-ad-client","ca-pub-0087137714961591"),o.setAttribute("data-privacy-treatments","disablePersonalization"),s.parentNode.insertBefore(o,s)}(document,"script")} adsLoaded=!0}}</script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5K7VMN5PX3"></script> <script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','G-5K7VMN5PX3')</script> <script>for(var ca=document.cookie.split("; "),i=0;i<ca.length;i++){var c=ca[i];if(-1!=c.indexOf("tt_theme=")){var theme=c.substring(9,c.length),html=document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0];html.classList.add("theme-"+theme),USERTHEME=theme;}else-1!=c.indexOf("tt_size=")&&(USERSIZE=c.substring(8,c.length))}</script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script>var sizes_tlb = [[970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]];var sizes_ss = [[300, 600], [160, 600], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]];var sizes_ra = [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]];var sizes_lb = [[728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"];window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() {function defineAdSlot(e,d,g,i){e="/1009901/"+e,g="div-gpt-ad-"+g+"-0",slot0=googletag.defineSlot(e,d,g).defineSizeMapping(i).addService(googletag.pubads())}var mapping_tlb = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1000, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]]).addSize([758, 0], [[728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]]).addSize([488, 0], [[468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]]).addSize([0, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]).build();var mapping_ss = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([981, 0], [[300, 600], [160, 600]]).build();var mapping_ra = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([971, 0], [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]]).addSize([551, 0], [[300, 250]]).build();var mapping_lb = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1178, 0], [[728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).addSize([966, 0], [[468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).addSize([820, 0], [[728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).addSize([520, 0], [[468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).addSize([0, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).build();var mapping_qlb = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([758, 0], [[728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).addSize([488, 0], [[468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).addSize([0, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50], "fluid"]).build();if (window.innerWidth >= 0) defineAdSlot('tt_tlb_2020', sizes_tlb, '1589388248615', mapping_tlb);if (window.innerWidth >= 551) defineAdSlot('tt_dra_2020', sizes_ra, '1589302365809', mapping_ra);if (window.innerWidth >= 0) defineAdSlot('tt_dlb_2020', sizes_lb, '1589236206757', mapping_lb);if (window.innerWidth >= 980) defineAdSlot('tt_dss_2020', sizes_ss, '1589233879778', mapping_ss);});googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(),googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page_url","/definition/file_system"),googletag.enableServices()});adsReady=true;loadAds();if (window.innerWidth >= 0) googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1589388248615-0")});if (window.innerWidth >= 551) googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1589302365809-0")});if (window.innerWidth >= 0) googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1589236206757-0")});if (window.innerWidth >= 980) googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1589233879778-0")});</script> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","dateCreated":"2006","datePublished":"2006","dateModified":"2023-02-23","copyrightYear":"2006","copyrightHolder":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Sharpened Productions"},"name":"File System","description":"A technical definition of File System","headline":"File System","abstract":"Definition of File System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Per Christensson","url":"https://techterms.com/authors/per_christensson"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"TechTerms.com","logo":"https://techterms.com/img/main/techterms.png"},"teaches":{"@type":"DefinedTerm","url":"https://techterms.com/definition/file_system","name":"File System","description":"A technical definition of File System"},"audience":{"@type":"Audience","audienceType":"everyone"},"genre":"Technology","inLanguage":"en-US","isFamilyFriendly":"True","keywords":"hard disk, files, organize, format, directory structure, NTFS, FAT32, HFS","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"United States"},"text":"A file system is a method of organizing files on a computer's storage volume. File systems keep track of every file on a volume, recording its name, file type, and location so that a computer's operating system can find it later. A volume needs a file system created on it by a computer's operating system before it can store any data, whether it is on a hard disk drive, solid-state drive, or external flash drive.","contributor":{"@type":"Person","name":"Brian Pickle","url":"https://techterms.com/authors/brian_pickle"},"image":"https://techterms.com/img/md/file_system_407.png","url":"https://techterms.com/definition/file_system"} </script> </head> <body> <div id="full"> <header id="siteheader"> <div class="content"> <a href="#main" class="visuallyhidden">Skip to main content</a> <a href="/" class="logo"><img src="/svg/logo.svg" width="212" height="24" alt="TechTerms.com"></a> <div class="siteheader-middle"> <div class="searchwrapper collapsed"> <form id="search" class="search" action="/search" method="post"> <div class='autocomplete' role='combobox' aria-expanded='false' aria-owns='autocomplete-results'> <input type="text" id="term" name="term" placeholder="Search (e.g. file system, 5G, ISP, USB-C)" aria-label="Search (e.g. psd, docx, exe, jpg, zip)" autocomplete="off" class='autocomplete-input term' aria-autocomplete='both' aria-controls='autocomplete-results'> <button id="searchsubmit" class="searchsubmit"></button> </div> <ul id='autocomplete-results' class='autocomplete-results hidden' aria-label='Search'> </ul> </form> </div> <a href="/random" class="headerbutton random" id="random"><img src="/svg/random.svg" alt="random" width="16" height="16"></a> <button id="searchtoggle"><img src="/svg/search-white.svg" alt="search" width="18" height="18"></button> </div> <div class="siteheader-right"> <button id="menuopen"><img src="/svg/menu.svg" alt="open menu" width="18" height="16"></button> <nav id="sitemenu" class="collapsed"> <button id="menuclose"><img src="/svg/close.svg" alt="close menu" width="14" height="14"></button> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/">Terms</a></li> <li><a href="/quiz/">Quizzes</a></li> <li><a href="/help/">Help Center</a></li> <li class="mobile"><a href="/random">Random Term</a></li> <li class="settings"><button id="settings"><img src="/svg/settings.svg" alt="settings" width="22" height="22"></button> <div class="settingsmenu"> <fieldset> <legend>Theme</legend> <input id="theme-default" value="default" type="radio" name="theme" checked> <label for="theme-default">Light</label> <input id="theme-dark" value="dark" type="radio" name="theme" > <label for="theme-dark">Dark</label> <input id="theme-hc" value="hc" type="radio" name="theme" > <label for="theme-hc">High Contrast</label> </fieldset> <div class="fontsizewrapper"><label for="fontsize">Font Size<input type="range" id="fontsize" name="fontsize" min="14" max="26" step="2" value="20"></label><span class="currentsize">20</span></div> <button id="resetsettings">Reset</button> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main> <div class="adTopLB"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1589388248615-0'> </div> </div> <div id="main" class="def"> <div id="left"> <div class="card hasheader"> <div class="cardheader"> <div class="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Home</a><svg viewBox="0 0 9 14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m0 14 9-7-9-7z"/></svg><a href="/category/technical">Technical Terms</a><svg viewBox="0 0 9 14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m0 14 9-7-9-7z"/></svg>File System Definition</div> </div> <article> <h1>File System</h1> <div class="adDefRect"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1589302365809-0'> </div> </div> <p>A file system is a method of organizing files on a computer's storage <a href="/definition/volume">volume</a>. File systems keep track of every <a href="/definition/file">file</a> on a volume, recording its name, file type, and location so that a computer's operating system can find it later. A volume needs a file system created on it by a computer's operating system before it can store any data, whether it is on a <a href="/definition/hdd">hard disk drive</a>, <a href="/definition/ssd">solid-state drive</a>, or external <a href="/definition/flash_drive">flash drive</a>.</p> <p>A computer's <a href="/definition/operating_system">operating system</a> creates a file system when it initializes or <a href="/definition/format">formats</a> a volume. A file system includes a database-like index to manage a <a href="/definition/folder">folder</a> hierarchy, beginning with a <a href="/definition/root_directory">root directory</a> and allowing you to create folders and subfolders. File systems uniquely identify files on a volume using a combination of file name and location, so two files with identical names can exist on the same volume as long as they are in different folders.</p> <figure class="deffig"> <img src="https://techterms.com/img/xl/file_system_407.png" alt="File systems support folders and nested subfolders to help organize files" width="1141" height="447" class="defimg"> <figcaption class="caption">File systems support folders and nested subfolders to help organize files</figcaption> </figure> <p>File systems also save <a href="/definition/metadata">metadata</a> about files and folders. Most file systems record when a file was created and edited using <a href="/definition/timestamp">timestamps</a>. File systems on multi-user operating systems also keep track of which user has ownership of files or folders, as well as any other users that have permission to view and edit them. Some file systems can <a href="/definition/encryption">encrypt</a> files, folders, or entire volumes to keep them secure.</p> <p>Different operating systems each use their own default file system. Windows uses <a href="/definition/ntfs">NTFS</a>, macOS uses <a href="/definition/apfs">APFS</a>, and most Unix-like operating systems use the ext4 file system. Other file systems with cross-platform support, like <a href="/definition/exfat">exFAT</a> and <a href="/definition/fat32">FAT32</a>, are often used on storage devices that transfer files between computers.</p> <div class="adBotLB"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1589236206757-0'> </div> </div> <div class="cardfooter"> <div class="upDate"><div class="author">Updated <span class="pdate">February 23, 2023</span> by <a href="/authors/brian_pickle">Brian P.</a></div></div><div id="citations"> <div class="tabs"> <div role="tablist" aria-label="citations"> <button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="apa" tabindex="-1">APA</button> <button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="mla" tabindex="-1">MLA</button> <button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="chicago" tabindex="-1">Chicago</button> <button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="html" tabindex="-1">HTML</button> <button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="link" tabindex="-1">Link</button> </div> <div class="citationwrap"> <div id="apa" role="tabpanel" class="citation" hidden> </div> <div id="mla" role="tabpanel" class="citation" hidden> </div> <div id="chicago" role="tabpanel" class="citation" hidden> </div> <div id="html" role="tabpanel" class="citation" hidden> </div> <div id="link" role="tabpanel" class="citation" hidden> <div>https://techterms.com/definition/file_system</div> </div> <button id="citecopy"><span class="visuallyhidden">Copy</span><svg enable-background="new 0 0 488.3 488.3" viewBox="-7.5 -7.5 495.8 503.3" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m314.25 85.4h-227c-21.3 0-38.6 17.3-38.6 38.6v325.7c0 21.3 17.3 38.6 38.6 38.6h227c21.3 0 38.6-17.3 38.6-38.6v-325.7c-.1-21.3-17.4-38.6-38.6-38.6zm11.5 364.2c0 6.4-5.2 11.6-11.6 11.6h-227c-6.4 0-11.6-5.2-11.6-11.6v-325.6c0-6.4 5.2-11.6 11.6-11.6h227c6.4 0 11.6 5.2 11.6 11.6z" stroke-width="15"/><path d="m401.05 0h-227c-21.3 0-38.6 17.3-38.6 38.6 0 7.5 6 13.5 13.5 13.5s13.5-6 13.5-13.5c0-6.4 5.2-11.6 11.6-11.6h227c6.4 0 11.6 5.2 11.6 11.6v325.7c0 6.4-5.2 11.6-11.6 11.6-7.5 0-13.5 6-13.5 13.5s6 13.5 13.5 13.5c21.3 0 38.6-17.3 38.6-38.6v-325.7c0-21.3-17.3-38.6-38.6-38.6z" stroke-width="15"/></svg></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="defquiz" class="card"> <h2 class="heading logoheading"><img src="/img/main/quiz.png" alt="quiz" style="width:45px">Test Your Knowledge</h2> <div class="quizBox"> <div class="quizBody"> <p class="quizQuestion">Pi is an example of what type of number?</p> <div class="quizTable"> <div id="ansButtonA" class="answerButton activeButton" data-answer="Anum" data-date="2022-06-14"><span class="ansLetter">A</span> <div class="answerCell"><span id="answerA" class="quizAnswer">Imaginary number</span> <div class="answerBar"> <div id="quizBarA" class="quizBar"></div><span id="quizPercA" class="quizperc">0%</span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ansButtonB" class="answerButton activeButton" data-answer="Bnum" data-date="2022-06-14"><span class="ansLetter">B</span> <div class="answerCell"><span id="answerB" class="quizAnswer">Irrational number</span> <div class="answerBar"> <div id="quizBarB" class="quizBar"></div><span id="quizPercB" class="quizperc">0%</span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ansButtonC" class="answerButton activeButton" data-answer="Cnum" data-date="2022-06-14"><span class="ansLetter">C</span> <div class="answerCell"><span id="answerC" class="quizAnswer">Whole number</span> <div class="answerBar"> <div id="quizBarC" class="quizBar"></div><span id="quizPercC" class="quizperc">0%</span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ansButtonD" class="answerButton activeButton" data-answer="Dnum" data-date="2022-06-14"><span class="ansLetter">D</span> <div class="answerCell"><span id="answerD" class="quizAnswer">Integer</span> <div class="answerBar"> <div id="quizBarD" class="quizBar"></div><span id="quizPercD" class="quizperc">0%</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="quizResult"><div class="qmsg"> <b class="quizPass">Correct!</b> <b class="quizFail">Incorrect!</b>   <span class="customMessage"></span>  View the <a href="/definition/irrational_number">Irrational Number definition</a>.</div> <a href="/quiz/#morequizzes" class="quizNext btnprimary">More Quizzes →</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right"> <div class="prevnext"> <a href="file_server"><span class="arrow">‹</span>  <span class="linktext">File Server</span></a><span> | </span><a href="file_type"><span class="linktext">File Type</span>  <span class="arrow">›</span></a></div> <div class="tf card"> <h2 class="heading">Tech Factor</h2> <a href="/help/tech_factor" class="info" title="What is the Tech Factor?">?</a> <a href="/techfactor/6"><span class="factor">6</span><span class="denom"> / 10</span></a></div> <div class="listBox card related"> <h2 class="heading">Related Terms</h2> <div class="rlists"> <ol> <li><a href="/definition/storagedevice">Storage Device</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/volume">Volume</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/folder">Folder</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/metadata">Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/encryption">Encryption</a></li> </ol> <ol start="6"><li><a href="/definition/root_directory">Root Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/ntfs">NTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/apfs">APFS</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/fat32">FAT32</a></li> <li><a href="/definition/exfat">exFAT</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="adRightSky"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1589233879778-0'> </div> </div> </div> <div class="techterms card"> <h2 class="heading">The Tech Terms Computer Dictionary</h2> <p>The definition of File System on this page is an original definition written by the <a href="/authors/">TechTerms.com team</a>. If you would like to reference this page or cite this definition, please use the green citation links above.</p> <p>The goal of TechTerms.com is to explain computer terminology in a way that is easy to understand. We strive for simplicity and accuracy with every definition we publish. If you have feedback about this definition or would like to suggest a new technical term, please <a href="/contact">contact us</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="popupwrapper"> <div id="newsletter_popup"> <button class="close">×</button> <div id="ttnform"> <h3 class="heading">Sign up for the free TechTerms Newsletter</h3> <form id="subscribe"> <div class="field"><label for="newsletter_email">Email (required):</label> <input type="email" id="newsletter_email" name="newsletter_email" required aria-label="email address"> </div> <div class="row1"> <div class="field"><label for="first_name">First Name:</label> <input type="text" name="first_name" id="first_name"></div> <div class="field"><label for="first_name">Last Name:</label> <input type="text" name="last_name" id="last_name"></div> </div> <fieldset class="row2"> <legend>How often would you like to receive an email?</legend> <input type="radio" name="frequency" id="daily" value="d" checked><label for="daily">Daily</label> <input type="radio" name="frequency" id="weekly" value="w"><label for="weekly">Weekly (Every Tuesday)</label> <input type="text" id="newsletter_message" name="message" class="cfieldhid" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="If you are a human, please do not fill in this field." tabindex="-1"> </fieldset> <input type="submit" class="btnprimary" value="Subscribe"> <div id="ttnerror"> </div> <p>You can unsubscribe or change your frequency setting at any time using the links available in each email.<br><br>Questions? Please <a href="/contact">contact us</a>.</p> </form> </div> <div id="ttnconfirm" style="display: none;"> <h3>Thank You</h3> <p>We just sent you an email to confirm your email address. Once you confirm your address, you will begin to receive the newsletter.</p> <p>If you have any questions, please <a href="/contact">contact us</a>.</p> <button class="ok btnprimary">Ok</button> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="sitefooter"><a href="https://sharpened.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="copyright">© 2024 Sharpened Productions</span></a>  |  <a href="/terms">Terms of Use</a>  |  <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>  |  <button id="ot-sdk-btsn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button>  |  <a href="/about">About</a>  |  <a href="/contact">Contact</a></footer> </div> <script defer src="https://techterms.com/js/tt.js"></script><script> var cterm = 'File System'; var curl = 'file_system'; quizDate = '2022-06-14'; T = cterm; C = "93d6aad6f7e0eecf27cbcc1505f777a6"; </script> <script defer src="https://techterms.com/js/quiz.js?v=1"></script> </body> </html>