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class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Treffpunkt.svg/60px-Treffpunkt.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOtvoren je \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Zahtjev_za_komentare/Nazivi_%C4%8Dlanaka\" title=\"Wikipedija:Zahtjev za komentare/Nazivi članaka\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EZahtjev za komentare o nazivima članaka\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Utjecaj_Zemljine_putanje_na_klimu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utjecaj_Zemljine_putanje_na_klimu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Utjecaj Zemljine putanje na klimu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utjecaj_Zemljine_putanje_na_klimu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Utjecaj Zemljine putanje na klimu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utjecaj_Zemljine_putanje_na_klimu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ekliptika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekliptika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ekliptika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekliptika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Godišnja_doba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Godišnja_doba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Godišnja doba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Godišnja_doba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perihel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 55 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelio" title="Perihelio – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Perihelio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B6_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="حضيض شمسي – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضيض شمسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periheliu" title="Periheliu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periheliu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="उपसौर – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="उपसौर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periheli" title="Periheli – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Periheli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Перыгелій – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыгелій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Пэрыгелій – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрыгелій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="उपसौर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उपसौर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perihel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periheli" title="Periheli – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Periheli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perih%C3%A9lium" title="Perihélium – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perihélium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelium" title="Perihelium – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perihelium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perihel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Περιήλιο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιήλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion" title="Perihelion – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perihelion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelio" title="Perihelio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perihelio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelio" title="Perihelio – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perihelio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periheel" title="Periheel – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Periheel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelio" title="Perihelio – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perihelio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periheli" title="Periheli – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Periheli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelium" title="Perihelium – ferojski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Perihelium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferojski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rih%C3%A9lie" title="Périhélie – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Périhélie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelium" title="Perihelium – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perihelium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirih%C3%A9ilean" title="Peirihéilean – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peirihéilean" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelio" title="Perihelio – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perihelio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अपसौरिका – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अपसौरिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perih%C3%A9lium" title="Perihélium – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perihélium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Պերիհելիում – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերիհելիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perielio" title="Perielio – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perielio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Перигелий – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Перигелий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Перигелий – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Перигелий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Perihel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pere%C3%A9le" title="Pereéle – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pereéle" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelia" title="Perihelia – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Perihelia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Перихел – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перихел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelium" title="Perihelium – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perihelium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perihel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelium" title="Perihelium – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perihelium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%A8li" title="Perièli – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Perièli" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryhelium" title="Peryhelium – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Peryhelium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%A9lio" title="Periélio – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Periélio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Перигелий – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перигелий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Перигелий – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Перигелий" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perihel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion" title="Perihelion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perihelion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perih%C3%A9lium" title="Perihélium – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perihélium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Перихел – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перихел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelium" title="Perihelium – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perihelium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periheli" title="Periheli – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Periheli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Перигелий – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Перигелий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnberi" title="Günberi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Günberi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Перигелій – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перигелій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perigeliy" title="Perigeliy – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Perigeliy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%A8lio" title="Perièlio – venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Perièlio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%97%A5%E7%82%B9" title="近日点 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近日点" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q216807#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perihel" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Perihel&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perihel"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perihel"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Perihel" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Perihel" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&oldid=7151809" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Perihel&id=7151809&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerihel"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerihel"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Perihel"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perihel&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q216807" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Aphelion_(PSF).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Aphelion_%28PSF%29.svg/350px-Aphelion_%28PSF%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Aphelion_%28PSF%29.svg/525px-Aphelion_%28PSF%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Aphelion_%28PSF%29.svg/700px-Aphelion_%28PSF%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>1. <a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">Afel</a> planeta (npr. <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a>), 2. perihel planeta, 3. <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunce</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Unutarnji_planeti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/c/cf/Unutarnji_planeti.jpg/350px-Unutarnji_planeti.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/c/cf/Unutarnji_planeti.jpg/525px-Unutarnji_planeti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/c/cf/Unutarnji_planeti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">Afel</a> (crvena točka) i perihel (zelena točka) donjih ili unutarnjih planeta <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevog sustava</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Perihel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grč</a>. <i>peri</i>: blizina + <i>ἥλιος</i> ili <i>helios</i> = Sunce) je položaj nekog <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeta</a> (ili bilo kojeg Sunčeva pratioca kao <a href="/wiki/Planetoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetoid">planetoida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patuljasti_planet" title="Patuljasti planet">patuljastog planeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">kometa</a> i drugo) na svojoj <a href="/wiki/Elipsa" title="Elipsa">eliptičnoj</a> putanji kada je najbliži <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Suncu</a> (ustvari do Sunčeva središta). <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlja</a> prolazi kroz perihel svake godine početkom siječnja i tada je udaljena od Sunca 147 098 291 <a href="/wiki/Kilometar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometar">kilometara</a> (srednja je vrijednost udaljenosti Zemlje od Sunca 149,6 <a href="/wiki/Milijun" title="Milijun">milijuna</a> kilometara). Udaljenosti perihela planeta iznose: <a href="/wiki/Merkur" title="Merkur">Merkura</a> 46 001 009 km, <a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Venere</a> 107 476 170 km, <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Marsa</a> 206 655 215 km, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupitera</a> 740 679 835 km, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturna</a> 1 349 823 615 km, <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Urana</a> 2 734 998 229 km, <a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptuna</a> 4 459 753 056 km. </p><p>Najdalja je točka <a href="/wiki/Planetarna_putanja" title="Planetarna putanja">planetarne putanje</a> <a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">afel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zanimljivo je to da je Zemlja najbliža Suncu kad je <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> na <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_polutka" title="Sjeverna polutka">sjevernoj polutki</a> najniža u godini dana. To je očiti dokaz da <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" title="Godišnja doba">godišnja doba</a> ne diktira blizina Sunca, nego <a href="/wiki/Nagib_osi" title="Nagib osi">nagnutost Zemljine osi</a> prema Suncu. Približna vrijednost udaljenosti Zemlje od Sunca (150 milijuna kilometara) uzeta je kao vrijednost za 1 <a href="/wiki/Astronomska_jedinica" title="Astronomska jedinica">astronomsku jedinicu</a> (1 AJ, <a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">eng.</a> 1 AU – <i>astronomical unit</i>). Vrijeme potrebno <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> sa Sunca da stigne do Zemlje: </p> <ul><li>perihel - 8 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" title="Minuta">minuta</a> i 17 <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" title="Sekunda">sekundi</a>;</li> <li>srednja udaljenost - 8 minuta i 20 sekundi;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">afel</a> - 8 minuta i 27 sekundi.</li></ul> <p>Dani i vrijeme (prema <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">koordiniranom svjetskom vremenu</a>) afela i perihela Zemlje do 2020.:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" width="50">Godina </th> <th colspan="2">Perihel </th> <th colspan="2">Afel </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f2f2f2" width="81">nadnevak</td> <td style="background:#f2f2f2" width="50">vrijeme </td> <td style="background:#f2f2f2" width="81">nadnevak</td> <td style="background:#f2f2f2" width="50">vrijeme </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2007. </th> <td>3. siječnja</td> <td>20:00 </td> <td>7. srpnja</td> <td>00:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2008. </th> <td>3. siječnja</td> <td>00:00 </td> <td>4. srpnja</td> <td>08:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2009. </th> <td>4. siječnja</td> <td>15:00 </td> <td>4. srpnja</td> <td>02:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2010. </th> <td>3. siječnja</td> <td>00:00 </td> <td>6. srpnja</td> <td>11:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2011. </th> <td>3. siječnja</td> <td>19:00 </td> <td>4. srpnja</td> <td>15:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2012. </th> <td>5. siječnja</td> <td>00:00 </td> <td>5. srpnja</td> <td>03:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2013. </th> <td>2. siječnja</td> <td>05:00 </td> <td>5. srpnja</td> <td>15:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2014. </th> <td>4. siječnja</td> <td>12:00 </td> <td>4. srpnja</td> <td>00:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2015. </th> <td>4. siječnja</td> <td>07:00 </td> <td>6. srpnja</td> <td>19:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2016. </th> <td>2. siječnja</td> <td>23:00 </td> <td>4. srpnja</td> <td>16:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2017. </th> <td>4. siječnja</td> <td>14:00 </td> <td>3. srpnja</td> <td>20:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2018. </th> <td>3. siječnja</td> <td>06:00 </td> <td>6. srpnja</td> <td>17:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2019. </th> <td>3. siječnja</td> <td>05:00 </td> <td>4. srpnja</td> <td>22:00 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:"> <th style="background-color:">2020. </th> <td>5. siječnja</td> <td>08:00 </td> <td>4. srpnja</td> <td>12:00 </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utjecaj_Zemljine_putanje_na_klimu">Utjecaj Zemljine putanje na klimu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Utjecaj Zemljine putanje na klimu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Utjecaj Zemljine putanje na klimu"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/330px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/500px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/960px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz položaja <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> za 4 <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" title="Godišnja doba">godišnja doba</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:North_season.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/North_season.jpg/330px-North_season.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/North_season.jpg/500px-North_season.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/North_season.jpg/960px-North_season.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="1382" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz promjene Zemljinih <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" title="Godišnja doba">godišnjih doba</a> kako se vidi sa <a href="/wiki/Sjever" title="Sjever">sjevera</a>. Krajnje desno: zimski <a href="/wiki/Suncostaj" title="Suncostaj">suncostaj</a> ili solsticij.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:South_season.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/South_season.jpg/330px-South_season.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/South_season.jpg/500px-South_season.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/South_season.jpg/960px-South_season.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz promjene Zemljinih <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" title="Godišnja doba">godišnjih doba</a> kako se vidi s <a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">juga</a>. Krajnje lijevo: ljetni <a href="/wiki/Suncostaj" title="Suncostaj">suncostaj</a> ili solsticij.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kepler%27s_Laws_Slika_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kepler%27s_Laws_Slika_01.jpg/300px-Kepler%27s_Laws_Slika_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kepler%27s_Laws_Slika_01.jpg/450px-Kepler%27s_Laws_Slika_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kepler%27s_Laws_Slika_01.jpg/600px-Kepler%27s_Laws_Slika_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija">Geometrija</a> planetarnog kretanja prema <a href="/wiki/Prvi_Keplerov_zakon" title="Prvi Keplerov zakon">prvom Keplerovom zakonu</a>: planet (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" /></span>) obilazi oko <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" /></span>) po elipsi (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" /></span>-<a class="mw-selflink selflink">perihel</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" /></span>-<a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">afel</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ellipse_latus_rectum.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ellipse_latus_rectum.PNG/330px-Ellipse_latus_rectum.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ellipse_latus_rectum.PNG/500px-Ellipse_latus_rectum.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ellipse_latus_rectum.PNG/600px-Ellipse_latus_rectum.PNG 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="781" /></a><figcaption>Heliocentrički koordinatni sustav <i>(r, θ)</i> za <a href="/wiki/Elipsa" title="Elipsa">elipsu</a>. Prikazani su: velika poluos <i>a</i>, mala poluos <i>b</i> i parametar elipse <i>p</i>; centar elipse i dva žarišta označena velikim točkama. Kada je θ = 0°, <i>r = r<sub>min</sub></i> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">perihel</a>) i kada je θ = 180°, <i>r = r<sub>max</sub></i> (<a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">afel</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Pri obilaženju Sunca, <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_rotacija" title="Zemljina rotacija">os Zemljine vrtnje</a> zauzima sasvim određen položaj. Ona nije okomita na ravninu gibanja, već je od okomice otklonjenja za 23.44° (<a href="/wiki/Nagib_osi" title="Nagib osi">nagib osi</a>). Za jednaki <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kut</a>, kut priklona ili <a href="/wiki/Inklinacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Inklinacija">inklinacije</a>, nagnut je i <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvator</a> prema ravnini gibanja (<a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a>). Taj nagib osi Zemljine vrtnje dovodi do posljedica koje su od najveće važnosti za čovječanstvo, do promjene <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" title="Godišnja doba">godišnjih doba</a>. Smjer kojim se Zemlja giba oko Sunca isti je kao i smjer vrtnje. Zemlja obilazi oko Sunca kao što se zakreće desni <a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">vijak</a>, koji napreduje na <a href="/wiki/Sjever" title="Sjever">sjevernu</a> stranu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekliptika">Ekliptika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Ekliptika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ekliptika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neposredne astronomske posljedice Zemljinog obilaska oko Sunca (<b>revolucije Zemlje</b>) jesu prividno gibanje Sunca (godišnje gibanje Sunca) i godišnja promjena noćnog neba. Promatrajući Sunce, projiciramo ga u neko područje neba (<a href="/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera">nebeska sfera</a>); na primjer 23. rujna Sunce vidimo u <a href="/wiki/Djevica_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Djevica (zviježđe)">zviježđu Djevice</a>. Spojnica povučena od Zemlje do Sunca prema nebeskoj sferi stalno se zakreće u toku našeg gibanja. Slika Sunca na nebu "neprestano bježi", i to također u smislu vrtnje desnog vijka. <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%BEnica" title="Kružnica">Kružnica</a> kojom se Sunce prividno giba među zvijezdama zove se <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a>. Gibanje Sunca odvija se ekliptikom od <a href="/wiki/Zapad" title="Zapad">zapada</a> prema <a href="/wiki/Istok" title="Istok">istoku</a>, što je upravo suprotno smjeru dnevnoga gibanja nebeske sfere! Gibanje Sunca među zvijezdama je optička varka, nastala promatranjem Sunca s pokretne Zemlje. <a href="/wiki/Zvije%C5%BE%C4%91a" class="mw-redirect" title="Zviježđa">Zviježđa</a> kroz koja Sunce na taj način "prolazi" zovu se zviježđima <a href="/wiki/Zodijak" title="Zodijak">zodijaka</a> ili životinjskog pojasa. Kako puni kut (360°) ima otprilike isto toliko stupnjeva koliko u godini ima dana, Sunce će ekliptikom u jednom danu prelaziti oko 1<a href="/wiki/Stupanj_(kut)" title="Stupanj (kut)">°</a>. </p><p>Sunce se giba među zvijezdama koje se nalaze na dnevnoj strani nebeske sfere, no to njegovo relativno pomicanje izravno ne zapažamo. Zato ćemo na noćnoj strani vidjeti da se zvijezde smjenjuju iz dana u dan, od mjeseca do mjeseca. Mijenja se vidljivo područje noćnog neba. Budući da se spojnica od Sunca do Zemlje prema nebeskoj sferi zakreće na istok, novo će nam zvjezdano područje nicati na istočnom obzoru. Zaključujemo da se godišnje gibanje neba odvija od istoka prema zapadu, isto kao i dnevno gibanje neba, a suprotno od godišnjeg gibanja Sunca među zvijezdama.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Godišnja_doba"><span id="Godi.C5.A1nja_doba"></span>Godišnja doba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Godišnja doba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Godišnja doba"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S obzirom na položaj Zemljina ekvatora prema smjeru <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčevih zraka</a>, razlikujemo u toku godine 4 važna trenutka, a to su počeci <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" title="Godišnja doba">godišnjih doba</a>. Za datume početaka godišnjih doba uvjetno uzimamo: <a href="/wiki/Prolje%C4%87e" title="Proljeće">proljeće</a> 21. ožujka, <a href="/wiki/Ljeto" title="Ljeto">ljeto</a> 21. lipnja, <a href="/wiki/Jesen" title="Jesen">jesen</a> 23. rujna i <a href="/wiki/Zima" title="Zima">zima</a> 21. prosinca, jer tom pravilnom izmjenom najčešće i započinju godišnja doba. U tim važnim trenucima Sunce je projicirano u 4 glavne točke ekliptike: <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetnu</a>, ljetnu, jesensku i zimsku točku. Promatramo li ih iz položaja Sunca, zapazit ćemo da su one razmaknute za pravi kut. </p><p>Kakav je odnos Zemlje i Sunca 21. ožujka i 23. rujna? Tih se dana smjer linije koji spaja centar Zemlje s centrom Sunca prolazi točno uzduž ravnine ekvatora, dok je Zemljina os vrtnje okomita na tu spojnicu. Sunčeve zrake padaju stoga okomito na sva mjesta koja se nalaze na Zemljinom <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvatoru</a>. Drukčije rečeno, na mjestima sa <a href="/wiki/Zemljopisna_%C5%A1irina" title="Zemljopisna širina">zemljopisnom širinom</a> 0°, Sunce će se u gornjoj <a href="/wiki/Kulminacija" title="Kulminacija">kulminaciji</a> naći u <a href="/wiki/Zenit" title="Zenit">zenitu</a>. Na <a href="/wiki/Polovi_sjeverne_polutke" title="Polovi sjeverne polutke">Zemljinim polovima</a>, gdje je zemljopisna širina +90° ili -90°, Sunce će "ležati" na <a href="/wiki/Obzor" title="Obzor">obzoru</a>. Obasjana su mjesta svih zemljopisnih širina. Tih datuma Sunce će presjeći <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvator" title="Nebeski ekvator">nebeski ekvator</a>. Početkom proljeća, 21. ožujka, Sunce će proći <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetnom točkom</a> <b>♈</b> koja se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Ovan_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Ovan (zviježđe)">zviježđu Ovna</a>. Početkom jeseni, 23. rujna, Sunce će proći <a href="/wiki/Jesenska_to%C4%8Dka" title="Jesenska točka">jesenskom točkom</a> <b>♎</b> koja se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Vaga_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Vaga (zviježđe)">zviježđu Vage</a>. U oba trenutka duljina <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">dana</a> i <a href="/wiki/No%C4%87" title="Noć">noći</a> jednaka je na cijeloj Zemlji, pa se ti dani nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Ravnodnevica" title="Ravnodnevica">ravnodnevice</a> ili ekvinociji. </p><p>Poslije početka proljeća, Zemlja putuje oko Sunca tako da joj je područje <a href="/wiki/Polovi_sjeverne_polutke" title="Polovi sjeverne polutke">Sjevernog pola</a> sve više okrenuto Suncu. Dana 21. lipnja, kada Sunce prolazi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljetna_to%C4%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljetna točka (stranica ne postoji)">ljetnom točkom</a> <b>♋</b> koja se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Rak_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Rak (zviježđe)">zviježđu Raka</a>, Sunčeve zrake obasjavaju cijeli sjeverni ledeni pojas i Sunce je tamo iznad <a href="/wiki/Obzor" title="Obzor">obzora</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paralela" class="mw-disambig" title="Paralela">Paralela</a> na sjevernoj zemljopisnoj širini 66° 33′ 39″ N čitav je dan obasjana Suncem. Ona se naziva sjevernom polarnicom (<a href="/wiki/Polarni_krug" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarni krug">polarni krug</a>). Istog trenutka Sunčeve zrake padaju okomito na mjesta sjeverne zemljopisne širine 23° 26′ 21″ N, pa će tim mjestima Sunce u toku dana proći kroz <a href="/wiki/Zenit" title="Zenit">zenit</a>. Sjevernije od tih mjesta Sunce nikada ne može proći kroz zenit, pa tako ne prolazi zenitom ni u našim krajevima. Paralela na sjevernoj zemljopisnoj širini 23° 26′ 21″ N zove se sjeverna ili <a href="/wiki/Rakova_obratnica" title="Rakova obratnica">Rakova obratnica</a>. Na svom "putu" prema sjeveru Sunce je "zastalo", pa će poslije tog datuma obasjavati okomito mjesta sa zemljopisnim širinama manjim od 23° 26′ 21″ N. To je razlog zašto se prvi dan ljeta naziva ljetnim <a href="/wiki/Suncostaj" title="Suncostaj">suncostajem</a> ili solsticijem. Do tog dana Sunce se <a href="/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera">nebeskom sferom</a> udaljavalo od <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvatora</a>, a poslije tog dana približavat će mu se. </p><p>S dolaskom u jesensku točku, Sunce će tlo na ekvatoru ponovno obasjavati pod pravim kutom. S daljim putovanjem Zemlje po stazi Sunce prvog dana zime, 21. prosinca, prividno stiže u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimska_to%C4%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimska točka (stranica ne postoji)">zimsku točku</a> <b>♑</b> koja se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Jarac_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Jarac (zviježđe)">zviježđu Jarca</a>. Sada je stanje na Zemljinoj <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_polutka" title="Južna polutka">južnoj polutki</a> posve jednako stanju koje je prvog dana ljeta vladalo na <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_polutka" title="Sjeverna polutka">sjevernoj polutki</a>. To je zimski <a href="/wiki/Suncostaj" title="Suncostaj">suncostaj</a>. Sunce prolazi kroz zenit mjestima južne zemljopisne širine 23° 26′ 21″ S, a paralela se naziva južnom ili <a href="/wiki/Jar%C4%8Deva_obratnica" title="Jarčeva obratnica">Jarčevom obratnicom</a>. Na Južnom polu je tada visina Sunca 23.5° iznad obzora. Sva mjesta južne zemljopisne širine 66° 33′ 39″ S, jedan su čitav dan obasjana Suncem; tu je južna <a href="/wiki/Polarni_krug" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarni krug">polarnica</a>. Južnija mjesta obasjana su i više od jednog dana. Na samom <a href="/wiki/Polovi_ju%C5%BEne_polutke" title="Polovi južne polutke">Južnom polu</a> rasvjeta traje polovicu godine. </p><p>Godišnji ciklus završava s povratkom Sunca u proljetnu točku. To je ciklus promjene godišnjih doba ili sezona, nazvan <b>tropska ili Sunčeva godina</b>. Praćenje perioda izmjene godišnjih doba bilo je jednim od najvažnijih praktičkih zadataka <a href="/wiki/Povijest_astronomije" title="Povijest astronomije">astronomije u prošlosti</a>, zbog važnosti koju ta izmjena ima u ljudskoj djelatnosti. Stoga je već vrlo rano i u pojedinačnim, međusobno odvojenim civilizacijama, postignuta visoka točnost određivanja trajanja godine. <a href="/wiki/Tropska_godina" title="Tropska godina">Tropska ili Sunčeva godina</a> je jednaka 365 d 5 h 48 min 46 s ili 365,24219 d. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">Afel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apoaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoaster">Apoaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apogej" title="Apogej">Apogej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsida_(astronomija)" title="Apsida (astronomija)">Apsida (astronomija)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Periaster">Periaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perigej" title="Perigej">Perigej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periapsis" title="Periapsis">Periapsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prvi_Keplerov_zakon" title="Prvi Keplerov zakon">Prvi Keplerov zakon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perihel&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=47605">perihel</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=perihel&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D47605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3APerihel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822085933/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/earth-seasons">Arhivirana kopija</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/earth-seasons">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 22. kolovoza 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 4. srpnja 2010.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arhivirana+kopija&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usno.navy.mil%2FUSNO%2Fastronomical-applications%2Fdata-services%2Fearth-seasons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3APerihel" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">journal zahtijeva <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#missing_periodical" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: arhivirana kopija u naslovu (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_arhivirana_kopija_u_naslovu" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: arhivirana kopija u naslovu">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vladis_Vujnovi%C4%87" title="Vladis Vujnović">Vladis Vujnović</a>: "Astronomija", Školska knjiga, 1989.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="padding:3px"><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:2em; font-family:serif; font-size:180%; padding-right:3px; letter-spacing:-0.1em; background:#f0e0b0">HE</div><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; font-size:82%; padding-left:3px">Dio sadržaja ove stranice preuzet je iz mrežnog izdanja <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija_(LZMK)" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK)">Hrvatske enciklopedije</a> i nije slobodan za daljnju upotrebu pod uvjetima Wikipedijine licencije o sadržaju. Uvjete upotrebe uz <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Dopu%C5%A1tenja_za_kori%C5%A1tenje_sadr%C5%BEaja/Ustanove#Leksikografski_zavod_"Miroslav_Krleža"" title="Wikipedija:Dopuštenja za korištenje sadržaja/Ustanove">dano nam pojašnjenje</a> pogledajte na <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Upute/">stranici Leksikografskog zavoda</a></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perihel&oldid=7151809">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perihel&oldid=7151809</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sadr%C5%BEaj_preuzet_iz_Hrvatske_enciklopedije" title="Kategorija:Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije">Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nebeska_mehanika" title="Kategorija:Nebeska mehanika">Nebeska mehanika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke:_nedostaje_periodika" title="Kategorija:CS1 greške: nedostaje periodika">CS1 greške: nedostaje periodika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_arhivirana_kopija_u_naslovu" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: arhivirana kopija u naslovu">CS1 održavanje: arhivirana kopija u naslovu</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 21. ožujka 2025. u 06:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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