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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wars of the Roses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_of_the_Roses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reigns_of_the_Yorkist_Kings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reigns_of_the_Yorkist_Kings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reigns of the Yorkist Kings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reigns_of_the_Yorkist_Kings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defeat_of_the_House_of_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defeat_of_the_House_of_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Defeat of the House of York</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Defeat_of_the_House_of_York-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Defeat of the House of York subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Defeat_of_the_House_of_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Later_claimants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_claimants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Later claimants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_claimants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family tree subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dukes_of_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dukes_of_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dukes of York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dukes_of_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yorkist_Kings_of_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yorkist_Kings_of_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Yorkist Kings of England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yorkist_Kings_of_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">House of York</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huis_van_York" title="Huis van York – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Huis van York" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="أسرة يورك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسرة يورك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_York" title="Casa de York – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Casa de York" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="York sülaləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="York sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ёркі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёркі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Йорк (династия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йорк (династия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_(dinastija)" title="York (dinastija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="York (dinastija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_York" title="Casa de York – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Casa de York" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkov%C3%A9" title="Yorkové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Yorkové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorciaid" title="Iorciaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iorciaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_York" title="Huset York – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Huset York" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haus_York" title="Haus York – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haus York" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorki_d%C3%BCnastia" title="Yorki dünastia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Yorki dünastia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A5%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Οίκος της Υόρκης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οίκος της Υόρκης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_York" title="Casa de York – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Casa de York" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorkoj" title="Jorkoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jorkoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_etxea" title="York etxea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="York etxea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="دودمان یورک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان یورک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_d%27York" title="Maison d'York – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maison d'York" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_York" title="Casa de York – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casa de York" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%81%AC%EA%B0%80" title="요크가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요크가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Յորքեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յորքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_York" title="Dinastija York – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dinastija York" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_York" title="Wangsa York – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wangsa York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_di_York" title="Casa di York – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Casa di York" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="בית יורק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית יורק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="იორკები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იორკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Йорктер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Йорктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_Eboracensis" title="Familia Eboracensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Familia Eboracensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorku_dinastija" title="Jorku dinastija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jorku dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorkai" title="Jorkai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jorkai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/York-h%C3%A1z" title="York-ház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="York-ház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Династија Јорк – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Династија Јорк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="عيلة يورك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عيلة يورك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerabat_York" title="Kerabat York – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerabat York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huis_York" title="Huis York – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huis York" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E6%9C%9D" title="ヨーク朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨーク朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_York" title="Huset York – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huset York" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huus_York" title="Huus York – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Huus York" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkowie" title="Yorkowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Yorkowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Iorque" title="Casa de Iorque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casa de Iorque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_York" title="Casa de York – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Casa de York" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Йорки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йорки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkovci" title="Yorkovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Yorkovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Династија Јорк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија Јорк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_(dinastija)" title="York (dinastija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="York (dinastija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_(suku)" title="York (suku) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="York (suku)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_York" title="Huset York – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Huset York" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="ราชวงศ์ยอร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์ยอร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="York Hanedanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="York Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Йоркський дім – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоркський дім" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="خاندان یورک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خاندان یورک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%99c_York" title="Vương tộc York – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương tộc York" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/York_House_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="York House (disambiguation)">York House</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">House of York</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms_of_Richard_of_York%2C_3rd_Duke_of_York.svg/140px-Arms_of_Richard_of_York%2C_3rd_Duke_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms_of_Richard_of_York%2C_3rd_Duke_of_York.svg/210px-Arms_of_Richard_of_York%2C_3rd_Duke_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms_of_Richard_of_York%2C_3rd_Duke_of_York.svg/280px-Arms_of_Richard_of_York%2C_3rd_Duke_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><br />As descendants of King Edward III in the male line, the first three Dukes of York bore the arms of that King (adjusted for <i>France modern</i>) <a href="/wiki/Difference_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Difference (heraldry)">differenced</a> by a <i>label of three points argent each bearing three torteaux gules</i>. The 4th Duke, later King <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>, abandoned his paternal arms in favour of new arms emphasising his descent via female lines from the royal line of Clarence/de Burgh/Mortimer, senior to that of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent house</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1385; 639 years ago</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund of Langley">Edmund of Langley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current head</th><td class="infobox-data">Extinct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne" title="English claims to the French throne">King of France</a> (titular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Ireland">Lord of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Clarence" title="Duke of Clarence">Duke of Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Duke of Gloucester">Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cambridge" title="Earl of Cambridge">Earl of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_March" title="Earl of March">Earl of March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Rutland" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Rutland">Earl of Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Ulster" title="Earl of Ulster">Earl of Ulster</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolution</th><td class="infobox-data">1499</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deposition</th><td class="infobox-data">1485</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="width:19em;background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">English Royalty</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of York</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund <i>of Langley</i>, 1st Duke</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward,_2nd_Duke_of_York" title="Edward, 2nd Duke of York">Edward <i>of Norwich</i>, 2nd Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance of York">Constance, Countess of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Conisburgh,_3rd_Earl_of_Cambridge" title="Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge">Richard <i>of Conisburgh</i>, 3rd Earl of Cambridge</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Edward,_2nd_Duke_of_York" title="Edward, 2nd Duke of York">Edward <i>of Norwich</i>, 2nd Duke</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Conisburgh,_3rd_Earl_of_Cambridge" title="Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge">Richard <i>of Conisburgh</i>, 3rd Earl of Cambridge</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_of_Cambridge,_Countess_of_Essex" title="Isabel of Cambridge, Countess of Essex">Isabel, Countess of Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_York,_Duchess_of_Exeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter">Anne, Duchess of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV, King of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund, Earl of Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York,_Duchess_of_Suffolk" title="Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk">Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence">George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III, King of England</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_York" title="Mary of York">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecily_of_York" title="Cecily of York">Cecily, Viscountess Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V, King of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York_(1472)" title="Margaret of York (1472)">Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard <i>of Shrewsbury</i>, 1st Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_York_(daughter_of_Edward_IV)" title="Anne of York (daughter of Edward IV)">Anne, Lady Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Bedford" title="George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford">George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_York" title="Catherine of York">Catherine, Countess of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_York" title="Bridget of York">Bridget</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence">George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Pole,_Countess_of_Salisbury" title="Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury">Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Plantagenet,_17th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick">Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left; background: #C5C5DD; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding: 0.3em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Middleham,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales">Edward <i>of Middleham</i>, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_York_sidebar" title="Template:House of York sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_York_sidebar" title="Template talk:House of York sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_York_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of York sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Elizabeth_of_York_(Princess).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Arms_of_Elizabeth_of_York_%28Princess%29.svg/220px-Arms_of_Elizabeth_of_York_%28Princess%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Arms_of_Elizabeth_of_York_%28Princess%29.svg/330px-Arms_of_Elizabeth_of_York_%28Princess%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Arms_of_Elizabeth_of_York_%28Princess%29.svg/440px-Arms_of_Elizabeth_of_York_%28Princess%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of King Edward IV of England (as Duke of York), adopted in lieu of his paternal arms: Quarterly of 4: 1: Lionel, Duke of Clarence (royal arms of King Edward III, undifferenced); 2&3: de Burgh; 4: Mortimer. This emphasised his claim to seniority over the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>House of York</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a> of the English royal <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a>. Three of its members became <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of England">kings of England</a> in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the <a href="/wiki/Male_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Male line">male line</a> from <a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York</a>, the fourth surviving son of <a href="/wiki/Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward III">Edward III</a>. In time, it also represented Edward III's senior line, when an heir of York married the heiress-descendant of <a href="/wiki/Lionel,_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionel, Duke of Clarence">Lionel, Duke of Clarence</a>, Edward III's second surviving son. It is based on these descents that they claimed the English crown. Compared with its rival, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a>, it had a superior claim to the throne of England according to <a href="/wiki/Cognatic_primogeniture#Male-preference_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognatic primogeniture">cognatic primogeniture</a>, but an inferior claim according to <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a>. The reign of this dynasty ended with the death of <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III of England</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Battle of Bosworth Field</a> in 1485. It became extinct in the male line with the death of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Plantagenet,_17th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick">Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick</a>, in 1499. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descent_from_Edward_III">Descent from Edward III</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Descent from Edward III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/English_monarchs_family_tree#Houses_of_Lancaster_and_York" class="mw-redirect" title="English monarchs family tree">York monarchs' family tree</a></div> <p>The fourth surviving legitimate son of Edward III and <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York</a>, was created <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cambridge" title="Earl of Cambridge">earl of Cambridge</a> in 1362 and the first <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">duke of York</a> in 1385. Edmund's first marriage was to <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Castile,_Duchess_of_York" title="Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York">Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Padilla" title="María de Padilla">María de Padilla</a>, and sister of <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Castile" title="Constance of Castile">Constance of Castile</a>, second wife of Edmund's older brother <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a>. Through this marriage Edmund had two sons, <a href="/wiki/Edward,_2nd_Duke_of_York" title="Edward, 2nd Duke of York">Edward, 2nd duke of York</a> and the younger <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Conisburgh,_3rd_Earl_of_Cambridge" title="Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge">Richard of Conisburgh</a>. His second marriage was to <a href="/wiki/Joan_Holland" title="Joan Holland">Joan Holland</a>, whose sister <a href="/wiki/Alianore_Holland,_Countess_of_March" title="Alianore Holland, Countess of March">Alianore Holland</a> was mother to <a href="/wiki/Anne_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Mortimer">Anne Mortimer</a>, the great-great-granddaughter of Edward III via <a href="/wiki/Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence">Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence</a>, second surviving son of Edward III, and the elder brother of John of Gaunt. Richard of Conisburgh married Anne Mortimer, the marriage producing two children, <a href="/wiki/Isabel_of_Cambridge,_Countess_of_Essex" title="Isabel of Cambridge, Countess of Essex">Isabel of Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York</a>. It was through Anne Mortimer's lineage that the Yorkists derived their main claim to the throne. </p><p>Following Edmund of Langley's death in 1402, his son Edward succeeded to the dukedom but had no issue before he was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> in 1415.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His other son Richard had been executed for treason earlier in the same year following his involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Plot" title="Southampton Plot">Southampton Plot</a> to depose Henry V in favour of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_5th_Earl_of_March" title="Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March">Edmund Mortimer</a>, Richard's brother-in-law. The dukedom therefore passed to Richard's son, who became Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York. Being descended from Edward III in both the maternal and the paternal line gave Richard a significant claim to the throne if the Lancastrian line should fail, and by <a href="/wiki/Cognatic_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognatic primogeniture">cognatic primogeniture</a> arguably a superior claim.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBRoY_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBRoY-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He emphasised the point by being the first to assume the Plantagenet surname in 1448. Having inherited the March and Ulster titles, he became the wealthiest and most powerful noble in England, second only to the king himself. Richard married <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Neville,_Duchess_of_York" title="Cecily Neville, Duchess of York">Cecily Neville</a>, a granddaughter of John of Gaunt, and had thirteen or possibly fifteen children:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_York,_Duchess_of_Exeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter">Anne of York</a> (1439–1476)—(<a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a> taken from a descendant of her second daughter, <a href="/wiki/Anne_St_Leger,_Baroness_de_Ros" title="Anne St Leger, Baroness de Ros">Anne St Leger, Baroness de Ros</a>, was used in the identification of <a href="/wiki/Exhumation_of_Richard_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhumation of Richard III">the remains of Richard III</a>, which were found in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Henry (b. 1441; died as a child)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward</a> (1442–1483)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund</a> (1443–1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York,_Duchess_of_Suffolk" title="Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk">Elizabeth</a> (1444–1503)—married <a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_2nd_Duke_of_Suffolk" title="John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk">John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk</a>; she was the mother of several claimants to the throne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret</a> (1446–1503)—married <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a>.</li> <li>William (b. 1447; died as a child)</li> <li>John (b. 1448; died as a child)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence">George</a> (1449–1478)</li> <li>Thomas (b. 1450/51; died as a child)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard</a> (1452–1485)</li> <li>Ursula (b. 1455; died as a child)</li> <li>In her will, Cecily stated that Katherine and Humphrey were her children, but they may have been her grandchildren through de la Pole.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wars_of_the_Roses">Wars of the Roses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wars of the Roses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></div> <p>Despite his elevated status, Richard Plantagenet was denied a position in government by the advisers of the weak <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/John_Beaufort,_1st_Duke_of_Somerset" title="John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset">John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset</a>, and the queen consort, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a>. Although he served as protector of the realm during Henry VI's period of incapacity in 1453–54, his reforms were reversed by Somerset's party once the king had recovered. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a> began the following year, with the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="First Battle of St Albans">First Battle of St Albans</a>. Initially, Richard aimed only to purge his Lancastrian political opponents from positions of influence over the king. It was not until October 1460 that he claimed the throne for the House of York. In that year the Yorkists had captured the king at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">battle of Northampton</a>, but victory was short-lived. Richard and his second son <a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund</a> were killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">battle of Wakefield</a> on 30 December. </p><p>Richard's claim to the throne was inherited by his son <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward</a>. With the support of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick</a> ("The Kingmaker"), Edward, already showing great promise as a leader of men, defeated the Lancastrians in a succession of battles. While Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou were campaigning in the north, Warwick gained control of the capital and had Edward declared king in London in 1461. Edward strengthened his claim with a decisive victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Battle of Towton</a> in the same year, in the course of which the Lancastrian army was virtually wiped out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reigns_of_the_Yorkist_Kings">Reigns of the Yorkist Kings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reigns of the Yorkist Kings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a> was marred by Lancastrian plotting and uprisings in favour of Henry VI. Warwick himself changed sides, and supported Margaret of Anjou and the king's jealous brother <a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence">George, Duke of Clarence</a>, in briefly restoring Henry in 1470–71. However, Edward regained his throne, and the House of Lancaster was wiped out with the death of Henry VI himself, in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> in 1471. In 1478, the continued trouble caused by Clarence led to his execution in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>; popularly he is thought to have been drowned in a butt of <a href="/wiki/Malmsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Malmsey">malmsey</a> wine. </p><p>On Edward's death in 1483, the crown passed to his twelve-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V</a>. Edward IV's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a>, was appointed Protector, and the young king, and his brother <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_1st_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York">Richard</a>, were accommodated into the Tower of London. The famous <a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a>'s fate remains a mystery. As today it is unknown whether they were killed or who might have killed them. Parliament declared, in the document <i><a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a></i>, that the two boys were illegitimate, on the grounds that Edward IV's marriage was invalid, and as such Richard was heir to the throne. He was crowned Richard III in July 1483. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defeat_of_the_House_of_York">Defeat of the House of York</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Defeat of the House of York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the House of Lancaster's claimants were now the Royal Houses of Portugal and Castile through the <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">Duke of Lancaster</a>'s two legitimate daughters, who had married into those houses, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry Tudor</a>, a descendant of the Beauforts, a legitimized branch of the House of Lancaster put forward his claim. Furthermore, some Edwardian loyalists were undeniably opposed to Richard, dividing his Yorkist power base. A coup attempt failed in late 1483, but in 1485 Richard met Henry Tudor at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">battle of Bosworth Field</a>. During the battle, some of Richard's important supporters switched sides or withheld their retainers from the field. Richard himself was killed. He was the last of the Plantagenet kings, as well as the last English king to die in battle. </p><p>Henry Tudor declared himself king, took <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a>, eldest child of Edward IV, as his wife, claiming to have united the surviving houses of York and Lancaster, and acceded to the throne as Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty which reigned until 1603. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_claimants">Later claimants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later claimants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the point <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII of England</a> seized the throne there were eighteen Plantagenet descendants who might today be thought to have a stronger hereditary claim. By 1510 this number increased with the birth of sixteen Yorkist children.<sup id="cite_ref-Weir2008p148_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weir2008p148-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Henry VII married <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a> the eldest daughter of Edward IV. This made their children his <a href="/wiki/Cognatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognatic">cognatic</a> heirs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy</a>—Edward's sister and Elizabeth's aunt—and members of the de la Pole family—children of Edward's sister <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York,_Duchess_of_Suffolk" title="Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk">Elizabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_2nd_Duke_of_Suffolk" title="John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk">John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk</a>— continued in attempts to restore a Yorkist line.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBMoY_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBMoY-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Margaret's nephew <a href="/wiki/Edward_Plantagenet,_17th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick">Edward, Earl of Warwick</a>, the son of her brother George, was imprisoned in the Tower of London, but in 1487 Margaret financed a rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Simnel" title="Lambert Simnel">Lambert Simnel</a> pretending to be Warwick, or "Edward VI". <a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_1st_Earl_of_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln">John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln</a>, joined the revolt and was killed in the suppression of the uprising at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke_Field" title="Battle of Stoke Field">Battle of Stoke Field</a> in 1487.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick was implicated in further failed invasions supported by Margaret by <a href="/wiki/Perkin_Warbeck" title="Perkin Warbeck">Perkin Warbeck</a> claiming to be Edward IV's son Richard of Shrewsbury and executed on 28 November 1499. With this both the houses of Plantagenet and York went extinct in the legitimate male line.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:70%; width:70%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:70%">House of York family tree </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dd><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid #CC0000;vertical-align:text-top;" title="White"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:white;color:inherit;"> </span></span> – House of York</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> – King of England</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="House of Lancaster"><img alt="House of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/20px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/30px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/40px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> – Duke/House of Lancaster</dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duke of York"><img alt="Duke of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/20px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/30px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/40px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="264" /></a></span> – Duke of York</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_Rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/20px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/40px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> – House of Tudor</dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:112%"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1312–1377<br />r. 1327–1377</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Black_Prince" title="Edward the Black Prince">Edward of Woodstock</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Prince of Wales<br /><i>The Black Prince</i><br />1330–1376</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence">Lionel</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of Antwerp<br />Duke of Clarence<br />1338–1368</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duke of Lancaster"><img alt="Duke of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/20px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/30px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/40px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of Gaunt<br />Duke of Lancaster<br />1340–1399</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duke of York"><img alt="Duke of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/20px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/30px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/40px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="264" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of Langley<br /><b>1st <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a></b><br />1341–1402</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1367–1400<br />r. 1377–1399</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_3rd_Earl_of_March" title="Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March">Edmund<br />Mortimer</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Earl of March<br />1352–1381</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulster" title="Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster">Philippa</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Countess of Ulster<br />1355–1382</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px; vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="House of Lancaster"><img alt="House of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/20px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/30px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/40px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster"><span style="font-size:85%;">House of<br />Lancaster</span></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duke of York"><img alt="Duke of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/20px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/30px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/40px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="264" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Norwich,_2nd_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York">Edward</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of Norwich<br /><b>2nd <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a></b><br />1373–1415</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_4th_Earl_of_March" title="Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March">Roger<br />Mortimer</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Earl of March<br />1374–1398</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_5th_Earl_of_March" title="Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March">Edmund<br />Mortimer</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Earl of March<br />1391–1425</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Mortimer" title="Anne de Mortimer">Anne</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">de Mortimer<br />1390–1411</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Conisburgh,_3rd_Earl_of_Cambridge" title="Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge">Richard</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of Conisburgh<br />Earl of Cambridge<br />1385–1415</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duke of York"><img alt="Duke of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/20px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/30px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/40px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="264" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Plantagenet<br /><b>3rd <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a></b><br />1411–1460</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>4th <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a></b><br />1442–1483<br />r. 1461–1470, 1471–1483</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Earl of Rutland<br />1443–1460</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence">George</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Plantagenet<br />Duke of Clarence<br />1449–1478</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1452–1485<br />r. 1483–1485</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York,_Duchess_of_Suffolk" title="Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk">Elizabeth</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of York<br /><span class="nowrap">1444–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1503</span></span></span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_2nd_Duke_of_Suffolk" title="John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk">John de la Pole</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Duke of Suffolk<br />1442–1492</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_Rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/20px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/40px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <br /><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1457–1509<br />r. 1485–1509</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of York<br />1466–1503</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1470–?<br />r. 1483</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duke of York"><img alt="Duke of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/20px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/30px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/40px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="264" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of Shrewsbury<br /><b>1st <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a></b><br />1473–?</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Plantagenet,_17th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick">Edward</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Plantagenet<br />Earl of Warwick<br />1475–1499</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-color:#CC0000"><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Middleham,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales">Edward</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">of Middleham<br />Prince of Wales<br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1473</span>–1484</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_Rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/20px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/40px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Arthur,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Arthur, Prince of Wales">Arthur</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Prince of Wales<br />1486–1502</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King of England"><img alt="King of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/20px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/40px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_Rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/20px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/40px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a></b><br />1491–1547<br />r. 1509–1547</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_Rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/20px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/40px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret<br />Tudor</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1489–1541</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_Rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/20px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/40px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tudor,_Queen_of_France" title="Mary Tudor, Queen of France">Mary<br />Tudor</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1496–1533</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dukes_of_York">Dukes of York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dukes of York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:22.5%">Duke</th> <th style="width:100px">Portrait</th> <th style="width:17.5%">Birth</th> <th style="width:17.5%">Marriage(s)</th> <th style="width:17.5%">Death </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund of Langley</a></b><br />(House of York founder)<br />1385–1402</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_of_Langley_2C_Duke_of_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund of Langley"><img alt="Edmund of Langley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Edmund_of_Langley_2C_Duke_of_York.jpg/100px-Edmund_of_Langley_2C_Duke_of_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Edmund_of_Langley_2C_Duke_of_York.jpg/150px-Edmund_of_Langley_2C_Duke_of_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Edmund_of_Langley_2C_Duke_of_York.jpg/200px-Edmund_of_Langley_2C_Duke_of_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></td> <td>5 June 1341<br /><a href="/wiki/Kings_Langley" title="Kings Langley">Kings Langley</a><br />son of <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Castile,_Duchess_of_York" title="Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York">Isabella of Castile</a><br />1372<br />3 children<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Joan_Holland" title="Joan Holland">Joan de Holland</a><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 4 November 1393</span><br />no children</td> <td>1 August 1402<br /><a href="/wiki/Kings_Langley" title="Kings Langley">Kings Langley</a><br />age 61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Norwich,_2nd_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York">Edward of Norwich</a></b><br />1402–1415</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_of_Norwich_Duke_of_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edward of Norwich"><img alt="Edward of Norwich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Edward_of_Norwich_Duke_of_York.jpg/100px-Edward_of_Norwich_Duke_of_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Edward_of_Norwich_Duke_of_York.jpg/150px-Edward_of_Norwich_Duke_of_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Edward_of_Norwich_Duke_of_York.jpg/200px-Edward_of_Norwich_Duke_of_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></td> <td>1373<br /><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a><br />son of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund of Langley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Castile,_Duchess_of_York" title="Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York">Isabella of Castile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippa_de_Mohun" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippa de Mohun">Philippa de Mohun</a><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1397</span><br />no children</td> <td>25 October 1415<br /><a href="/wiki/Azincourt" title="Azincourt">Agincourt</a><br />age 42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Plantagenet,_3rd_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York">Richard Plantagenet</a></b><br />1415–1460</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richarddukeofyork.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard Plantagenet"><img alt="Richard Plantagenet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Richarddukeofyork.gif/100px-Richarddukeofyork.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Richarddukeofyork.gif/150px-Richarddukeofyork.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Richarddukeofyork.gif/200px-Richarddukeofyork.gif 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td>21 September 1411<br />son of <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Conisburgh,_3rd_Earl_of_Cambridge" title="Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge">Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Mortimer" title="Anne de Mortimer">Anne de Mortimer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cecily_Neville" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecily Neville">Cecily Neville</a><br />1437<br />12 children</td> <td>30 December 1460<br /><a href="/wiki/Wakefield" title="Wakefield">Wakefield</a><br />age 49 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward Plantagenet</a></b><br />1460–1461</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edward Plantagenet"><img alt="Edward Plantagenet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/100px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/150px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/200px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></td> <td>28 April 1442<br /><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a><br />son of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Plantagenet,_3rd_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York">Richard Plantagenet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Neville" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecily Neville">Cecily Neville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a><br />1 May 1464<br />10 children</td> <td>9 April 1483<br /><a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a><br />age 40 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Edward Plantagenet became <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a> in 1461, thus merging the title of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a> with the crown. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yorkist_Kings_of_England">Yorkist Kings of England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Yorkist Kings of England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:22.5%">Name</th> <th style="width:100px">Portrait</th> <th style="width:17.5%">Birth</th> <th style="width:17.5%">Marriage(s)</th> <th style="width:17.5%">Death </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a></b><br />4 March 1461 –<br />3 October 1470<br /><br />11 April<br />1471–1483<sup id="cite_ref-Horrox2011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horrox2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edward IV"><img alt="Edward IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/100px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/150px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/200px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></td> <td>28 April 1442<br /><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a><br />son of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Plantagenet,_3rd_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York">Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Neville" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecily Neville">Cecily Neville</a>{<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grafton_Regis" title="Grafton Regis">Grafton Regis</a><br />1 May 1464<br />10 children<sup id="cite_ref-Horrox2011_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horrox2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>9 April 1483<br /><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Palace">Westminster Palace</a><br />age 40<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V</a></b><br />9 April–25 June 1483<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King-edward-v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edward V"><img alt="Edward V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/King-edward-v.jpg/100px-King-edward-v.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/King-edward-v.jpg/150px-King-edward-v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/King-edward-v.jpg/200px-King-edward-v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="339" /></a></span></td> <td>2 November 1470<br /><a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a><br />son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville<<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>unmarried</td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1483</span><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a><br />age about 12 (presumed murdered)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a></b><br />26 June<br />1483–1485<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard III"><img alt="Richard III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg/100px-King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg/150px-King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg/200px-King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3443" /></a></span></td> <td>2 October 1452<br /><a href="/wiki/Fotheringhay_Castle" title="Fotheringhay Castle">Fotheringhay Castle</a><br />son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a><br />12 July 1472<br />1 son<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>22 August 1485<br /><a href="/wiki/Bosworth_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosworth Field">Bosworth Field</a><br />age 32 (killed in battle)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quia_Emptores" title="Quia Emptores">Quia Emptores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Pretenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_successions_to_the_English_and_British_Crown" title="Alternative successions to the English and British Crown">Alternative successions to the English and British Crown</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, pp. 111–113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBRoY-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNBRoY_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatts2011">Watts 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, pp. 134–139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.le.ac.uk/richardiii/science/familytree.html">"Family tree"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">University of Leicester</a>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Family+tree&rft.pub=University+of+Leicester&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.le.ac.uk%2Frichardiii%2Fscience%2Ffamilytree.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weir2008p148-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weir2008p148_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarkey2009">Starkey 2009</a>, p. 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBMoY-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNBMoY_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2008">Jones 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorrox2004">Horrox 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulwencreutz, Lars. <i>Ulwencreutz's the Royal Families in Europe V</i> (2003), p. 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horrox2011-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Horrox2011_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horrox2011_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorrox2011">Horrox 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, pp. 13–135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorrox2013b">Horrox 2013b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, pp. 143–145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorrox2013">Horrox 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, pp. 134–141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, pp. 144–145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir2008">Weir 2008</a>, p. 145</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2016" class="citation book cs1">Dean, Kristie (15 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=elEdDAAAQBAJ"><i>On the Trail of the Yorks</i></a>. Amberley Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-4714-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-4714-2"><bdi>978-1-4456-4714-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Trail+of+the+Yorks&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-4714-2&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Kristie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DelEdDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorrox2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Horrox, Rosemary (2004). "Pole, John de la, earl of Lincoln (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460</span>–1487)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F22449">10.1093/ref:odnb/22449</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pole%2C+John+de+la%2C+earl+of+Lincoln+%28%3Cabbr+title%3D%22circa%22%3Ec.%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26thinsp%3B1460%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%931487%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F22449&rft.aulast=Horrox&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorrox2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">—— (2011). "Edward IV (1442–1483)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8520">10.1093/ref:odnb/8520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edward+IV+%281442%E2%80%931483%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8520&rft.aulast=Horrox&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorrox2013b" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">—— (2013b). "Edward V (1470–1483)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8521">10.1093/ref:odnb/8521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edward+V+%281470%E2%80%931483%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8521&rft.aulast=Horrox&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorrox2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">—— (2013). "Richard III (1452–1485)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23500">10.1093/ref:odnb/23500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+III+%281452%E2%80%931485%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23500&rft.aulast=Horrox&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></dd></dl></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jones, Michael (2008). "Margaret, duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F18051">10.1093/ref:odnb/18051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Margaret%2C+duchess+of+Burgundy+%281446%E2%80%931503%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F18051&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarkey2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Starkey" title="David Starkey">Starkey, David</a> (2009). <i>Henry</i>. Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-724772-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-724772-1"><bdi>978-0-00-724772-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-00-724772-1&rft.aulast=Starkey&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Watts_(historian)" title="John Watts (historian)">Watts, John</a> (2011). "Richard of York, third duke of York (1411–1460)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23503">10.1093/ref:odnb/23503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+of+York%2C+third+duke+of+York+%281411%E2%80%931460%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23503&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Weir" title="Alison Weir">Weir, Alison</a> (2008). <i>Britain's Royal Families</i>. Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-953973-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-953973-5"><bdi>978-0-09-953973-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Royal+Families&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-09-953973-5&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+York" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_York&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/ThePlantagenets/ThePlantagenets.aspx">The Plantagenets</a> on the official website of the British monarchy.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheYorkists/TheYorkists.aspx">The Yorkists</a> on the official website of the British monarchy.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Royal_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal house">Royal house</a></b></div><div><b> House of York </b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a> </b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Ruling house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> </b><br />1461–1470 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ruling house of the Kingdom of England </b><br />1471–1485 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">House of Tudor</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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Mercia">Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuffingas" title="Wuffingas">Wuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Kent" title="List of monarchs of Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sussex" title="List of monarchs of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernicia" title="Bernicia">Bernicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deira" title="Deira">Deira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Northumbria" title="List of monarchs of Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wessex" title="House of Wessex">Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kn%C3%BDtlinga" title="House of Knýtlinga">Knýtlinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Godwin" title="House of Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Normandy" title="House of Normandy">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Blois" title="House of Blois">Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_kings_of_England" title="Angevin kings of England">Angevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="List of kings of Dál Riata">Fergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%93engus" title="House of Óengus">Óengus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Strathclyde" title="List of kings of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Mann and the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Alpin" title="House of Alpin">Alpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Northumbria" title="List of monarchs of Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernicia" title="Bernicia">Bernicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Galloway" title="Lord of Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dunkeld" title="House of Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Moray" title="House of Moray">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sverre" title="House of Sverre">Sverre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Balliol" title="House of Balliol">Balliol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Bruce" title="Clan Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann Somhairle">Somhairle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Aberffraw" title="House of Aberffraw">Aberffraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Cunedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dinefwr" title="House of Dinefwr">Dinefwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gwynedd" title="House of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mathrafal" title="House of Mathrafal">Mathrafal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Irish_kings" title="Lists of Irish kings">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rainn" class="mw-redirect" title="Érainn">Érainn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corcu_Lo%C3%ADgde" title="Corcu Loígde">Corcu Loígde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connachta" title="Connachta">Connachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Gallchobhair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Gallchobhair">Ó Gallchobhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Domhnail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Domhnail">Ó Domhnail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_N%C3%A9ill" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Néill">Ó Néill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_M%C3%A1el_Sechlainn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Máel Sechlainn">Ó Máel Sechlainn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Murchada" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac Murchada">Mac Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Briain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Briain">Ó Briain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Lochlainn" title="Mac Lochlainn">Mac Lochlainn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Conchobhair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Conchobhair">Ó Conchobhair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADl_Conairi" title="Síl Conairi">Síl Conairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Fiatach" title="Dál Fiatach">Ulaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corcu_Lo%C3%ADgde" title="Corcu Loígde">Dáirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osraige" title="Osraige">Osraige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruthin" title="Cruthin">Cruthin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_nAraidi" title="Dál nAraidi">Dál nAraidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connachta" title="Connachta">Connachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Fiachrach" title="Uí Fiachrach">Uí Fiachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Bri%C3%BAin" title="Uí Briúin">Uí Briúin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADl_n%C3%81edo_Sl%C3%A1ine" title="Síl nÁedo Sláine">Síl nÁedo Sláine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Cholm%C3%A1in" title="Clann Cholmáin">Clann Cholmáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganachta" title="Eóganachta">Eóganachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganacht_Chaisil" title="Eóganacht Chaisil">Chaisil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganacht_Glendamnach" title="Eóganacht Glendamnach">Glendamnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganacht_Raithlind" title="Eóganacht Raithlind">Raithlind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_D%C3%BAnlainge" title="Uí Dúnlainge">Uí Dúnlainge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a> (Norse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Ceinnselaig" title="Uí Ceinnselaig">Uí Ceinnselaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalcassians" title="Dalcassians">Dalcassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Brien_dynasty" title="O'Brien dynasty">Ó Briain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacCarthy_dynasty" title="MacCarthy dynasty">Mac Carthaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Conor_Don" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Conor Don">Ó Conchobhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Breifne" title="Kingdom of Breifne">Ó Ruairc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgh" title="House of Burgh">Burgh</a> (Norman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitzGerald_dynasty" title="FitzGerald dynasty">FitzGerald</a> (Norman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Donnell_dynasty" title="O'Donnell dynasty">Ó Domhnaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_dynasty" title="O'Neill dynasty">Ó Néill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Orange-Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovan_dynasty" title="Crovan dynasty">Crovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann Somhairle">Somhairle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_of_the_Roses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Template:Wars of the Roses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Template talk:Wars of the Roses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars of the Roses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_of_the_Roses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster">Red Rose of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York">White Rose of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses_family_tree" title="Template:Wars of the Roses family tree">Family tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/15px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/23px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/30px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/15px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/23px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/50px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/75px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/100px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/50px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/75px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/100px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales">Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset">Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort_(died_1471)" title="Edmund Beaufort (died 1471)">Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beaumont,_1st_Viscount_Beaumont" title="John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont">John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset">Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sutton,_1st_Baron_Dudley" title="John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley">John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Butler,_5th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond">James Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Butler,_6th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond">John Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clifford,_9th_Baron_Clifford" title="John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford">John Clifford, Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Courtenay,_15th_Earl_of_Devon" title="John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon">John Courtenay, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland,_3rd_Duke_of_Exeter" title="Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter">Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_Baron_Neville" title="John Neville, Baron Neville">John Neville, Baron Neville</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_1st_Marquess_of_Montagu" title="John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu">John Neville, Marquess of Montagu</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1471)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1471)">Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_3rd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ros,_9th_Baron_Ros" title="Thomas Ros, 9th Baron Ros">Thomas Ros, Baron Ros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham">Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stanley,_1st_Earl_of_Derby" title="Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby">Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stanley,_9th_Baron_Strange" title="George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange">George Stanley, Baron Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_(died_1495)" title="William Stanley (died 1495)">William Stanley</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_4th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury">George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot,_2nd_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury">John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Trollope" title="Andrew Trollope">Andrew Trollope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clifford,_8th_Baron_Clifford" title="Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford">Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tuchet,_5th_Baron_Audley" title="James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley">James Tuchet, Baron Audley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Tudor,_1st_Earl_of_Richmond" title="Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond">Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Tudor" title="Jasper Tudor">Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Margaret Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Tudor" title="Owen Tudor">Owen Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Woodville,_Lord_Scales" title="Edward Woodville, Lord Scales">Edward Woodville, Lord Scales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">York</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/50px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/75px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/100px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln">John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_FitzGerald,_7th_Earl_of_Desmond" title="Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond">Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(died_1469)" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469)">William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">William Hastings, Baron Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard,_1st_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk">John Howard, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lovell,_1st_Viscount_Lovell" title="Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell">Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mowbray,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1460)">Sir Thomas Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Neville,_Earl_of_Kent" title="William Neville, Earl of Kent">William Neville, Earl of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Herbert_of_Coldbrook" title="Richard Herbert of Coldbrook">Sir Richard Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence">George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Earl_of_Devon" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon">Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard of York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="First Battle of St Albans">St Albans (First)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveday_(1458)" title="Loveday (1458)">Loveday (1458)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blore_Heath" title="Battle of Blore Heath">Blore Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rout_of_Ludford_Bridge" title="Rout of Ludford Bridge">Ludford Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sandwich_(1460)" title="Battle of Sandwich (1460)">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Tower_of_London_(1460)" title="Siege of the Tower of London (1460)">Siege of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Worksop" title="Battle of Worksop">Worksop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mortimer%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Mortimer's Cross">Mortimer's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">St Albans (Second)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferrybridge" title="Battle of Ferrybridge">Ferrybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Towton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piltown" title="Battle of Piltown">Piltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hedgeley_Moor" title="Battle of Hedgeley Moor">Hedgeley Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hexham" title="Battle of Hexham">Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edgcote" title="Battle of Edgcote">Edgcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1470_Lincolnshire_Rebellion" title="1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion">1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Losecoat_Field" title="Battle of Losecoat Field">Losecoat Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readeption_of_Henry_VI" title="Readeption of Henry VI">Readeption of Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury" title="Battle of Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_London_(1471)" title="Siege of London (1471)">Siege of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham%27s_rebellion" title="Buckingham's rebellion">Buckingham's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Bosworth Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_and_Lovell_rebellion" title="Stafford and Lovell rebellion">Stafford and Lovell rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke_Field" title="Battle of Stoke Field">Stoke Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Accord" title="Act of Accord">Act of Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issue_of_Edward_III_of_England" title="Issue of Edward III of England">Issue of Edward III of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonville%E2%80%93Courtenay_feud" title="Bonville–Courtenay feud">Bonville–Courtenay feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Percy–Neville feud">Percy–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Neville–Neville feud">Neville–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkin_Warbeck" title="Perkin Warbeck">Perkin Warbeck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deal" title="Battle of Deal">Battle of Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cornish_uprising_of_1497" title="Second Cornish uprising of 1497">Second Cornish uprising of 1497</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span> Briefly joined the Lancastrians. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span> Briefly joined the Yorkists. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span> Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span> Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span> Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim. <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Category:Wars of the Roses">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105285#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3361984">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19153530887748700322">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/217958/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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