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Social club - Wikipedia

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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_activities_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Social activities clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_activities_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sororities_and_fraternities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sororities_and_fraternities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sororities and fraternities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sororities_and_fraternities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religious clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Social club</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="ناد اجتماعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناد اجتماعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_social" title="Club social – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Club social" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="باشگاه اجتماعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باشگاه اجتماعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klub_sosial" title="Klub sosial – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klub sosial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clube_social" title="Clube social – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clube social" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyal_kul%C3%BCp" title="Sosyal kulüp – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sosyal kulüp" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2u_l%E1%BA%A1c_b%E1%BB%99_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Câu lạc bộ xã hội – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Câu lạc bộ xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17148672#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Social_club" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Social_club" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to 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href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Social_club" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Social_club" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSocial_club"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Social_club&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_clubs&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Social clubs">Social clubs</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of people or place where they meet</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the video game community service, see <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games#Rockstar_Games_Social_Club" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games Social Club</a>. For the hip-hop group, see <a href="/wiki/Social_Club_Misfits" title="Social Club Misfits">Social Club Misfits</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Club_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Club (disambiguation)">Club (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">Social group</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Social_club" title="Special:EditPage/Social club">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Social_club" title="Talk:Social club">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Social_club" title="Talk:Social club">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Social_club" title="Special:EditPage/Social club">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Social+club%22">"Social club"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Social+club%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Social+club%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Social+club%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Social+club%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Social+club%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HoustonClubEntrance.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/HoustonClubEntrance.JPG/220px-HoustonClubEntrance.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/HoustonClubEntrance.JPG/330px-HoustonClubEntrance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/HoustonClubEntrance.JPG/440px-HoustonClubEntrance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4133" data-file-height="2921" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Club" title="Houston Club">Houston Club</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Private_members%27_club" title="Private members&#39; club">private social club</a> in the U.S.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>social club</b> or <b>social organization</b> may be a group of people or the place where they meet, generally formed around a common interest, occupation or activity with in an organizational association known as a <a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">club</a>. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">book discussion clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">chess clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Country clubs">country clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Final_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Final club">final clubs</a>, fishing clubs, gaming clubs, <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_club_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Woman&#39;s club movement in the United States">women's clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen&#39;s club">gentlemen's clubs</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Private_members%27_club" title="Private members&#39; club">private member’s clubs</a> in the U.S.), <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> clubs, <a href="/wiki/Military_officers%27_club" title="Military officers&#39; club">military officers' clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_club" title="Political club">political clubs</a>, religious clubs (such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian fellowship">Christian fellowships</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">traditional fraternal organizations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Service_club" title="Service club">service clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternities and sororities</a> (Greek-letter organizations), <a href="/wiki/Business_networking" title="Business networking">business networking</a> clubs, science clubs, hobbyist clubs, informal <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional associations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Student_society" title="Student society">university clubs</a>. The term can also refer to a criminal headquarters, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ravenite_Social_Club" title="Ravenite Social Club">Ravenite Social Club</a> or the Cage.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>This article covers only three distinct types of social clubs – the historic <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen&#39;s club">gentlemen's clubs</a>, the modern activities clubs and an introduction to <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternities and sororities</a>. This article does not cover a variety of other types of <a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">clubs</a> having some social characteristics. Social clubs have commonly been used by the <a href="/wiki/Mafia" title="Mafia">Mafia</a> as meeting places, many mob crews even being named after the club that they are based out of (The Palma Boys Crew, The Gemini Crew, The Veterans &amp; Friends Crew). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Social_club" title="Special:EditPage/Social club">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Working_men%27s_club" title="Working men&#39;s club">Working men's clubs</a> developed in Britain during <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian times</a> as institutes where <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> men could attend lectures and take part in recreational pursuits. The Reverend <a href="/wiki/Henry_Solly" title="Henry Solly">Henry Solly</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Working_Men%27s_Club_and_Institute_Union" title="Working Men&#39;s Club and Institute Union">Working Men's Club and Institute Union</a> (CIU) for this purpose in 1862. Many middle-class social reformers founded these clubs during the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a> as a place to relax without alcohol, but in time this changed. They became a combination of <a href="/wiki/Public_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Public houses">public houses</a> (pubs), <a href="/wiki/Music-hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Music-hall">music-halls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">clubs</a>, becoming places to be entertained, to drink socially and to play bar games. Working men's clubs are still prevalent across the United Kingdom, although not as popular. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_soci%C3%ABteit_in_Palembang_TMnr_60023537.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_soci%C3%ABteit_in_Palembang_TMnr_60023537.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_soci%C3%ABteit_in_Palembang_TMnr_60023537.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_soci%C3%ABteit_in_Palembang_TMnr_60023537.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_soci%C3%ABteit_in_Palembang_TMnr_60023537.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_soci%C3%ABteit_in_Palembang_TMnr_60023537.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_soci%C3%ABteit_in_Palembang_TMnr_60023537.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption><i>Sociëteit</i> in <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, <i>sociëteits</i> were established in various cities. </p><p>Modern clubs include <a href="/wiki/Urban_Diversion" title="Urban Diversion">Urban Diversion</a> in San Francisco, which opened in 2003 as a general adventure and activities social club, and the <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Club" title="Groucho Club">Groucho Club</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soho" title="Soho">Soho</a>, London, which opened in 1985 as "the antidote to the traditional club." The "traditional club" referred to is the elitist <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen&#39;s club">gentlemen's club</a>, a fixture of British upper-class male society. This is not to be confused with the modern use of the phrase, which is now a <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemism</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">strip club</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legalities">Legalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Legalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England_and_Wales">England and Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: England and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clubs in England and Wales were not controlled by the licensing system until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Licensing_Act_1902&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Licensing Act 1902 (page does not exist)">Licensing Act 1902</a> was passed, or in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Licensing_(Scotland)_Act_1903&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Licensing (Scotland) Act 1903 (page does not exist)">Licensing (Scotland) Act 1903</a> (<a href="/wiki/3_Edw._7" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Edw. 7">3 Edw. 7</a>. c. 25) was passed. They were passed mainly to check the abuse of "clubs" being formed solely to sell intoxicating liquors free from the restrictions of the licensing acts, but it applied to all kinds of clubs in England and Wales. The act required the registration of every club that occupied any premises habitually used for the purposes of a club and in which intoxicating liquor was supplied to members or their guests. The secretary of every club was required to give a return to the <a href="/wiki/Clerk_to_the_justices" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerk to the justices">clerk to the justices</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Petty_session" title="Petty session">petty sessional</a> division with this information: </p> <ol><li>the name and objects of the club</li> <li>the address of the club</li> <li>the name of the secretary</li> <li>the number of members</li> <li>the rules of the club relating to: <ol><li>the election of members and the admission of temporary and honorary members and of guests</li> <li>the terms of subscription and entrance fee, if any</li> <li>the cessation of membership</li> <li>the hours of opening and closing</li> <li>the mode of altering the rules</li></ol></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social and recreational clubs may be considered tax-exempt <a href="/wiki/501(c)(7)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(7)">501(c)(7) organizations</a> under certain circumstances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically, a social club has a constitution which states the club's objects, its structure, location of its activities, requirements of members, membership criteria and various other rules. British clubs are usually run by a committee that will also include three 'officer' positions – chair, secretary and treasurer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_activities_clubs">Social activities clubs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Social activities clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Social_club" title="Special:EditPage/Social club">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bramble%27s_views_Toledo,_Ohio_-_diamond_anniversary_1837-1912_-_DPLA_-_a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73_(page_12)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bramble%27s_views_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_diamond_anniversary_1837-1912_-_DPLA_-_a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73_%28page_12%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bramble%27s_views_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_diamond_anniversary_1837-1912_-_DPLA_-_a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73_%28page_12%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bramble%27s_views_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_diamond_anniversary_1837-1912_-_DPLA_-_a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73_%28page_12%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bramble%27s_views_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_diamond_anniversary_1837-1912_-_DPLA_-_a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73_%28page_12%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bramble%27s_views_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_diamond_anniversary_1837-1912_-_DPLA_-_a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73_%28page_12%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Bramble%27s_views_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_diamond_anniversary_1837-1912_-_DPLA_-_a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73_%28page_12%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5927" data-file-height="4645" /></a><figcaption>Views of the Toledo Commerce Club rooms as seen in "Bramble's views Toledo, Ohio: diamond anniversary 1837–1912"</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Social activities clubs</b> are a modern combination of several types of clubs and reflect today's more eclectic and varied society. These clubs are centered on the activities available to the club members in the city or area in which the club is located. Some have a traditional clubhouse, bar or restaurant where members gather, while others do not. </p><p>Events can include a broad range of activities, from sporting events and social parties to <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, arts or <a href="/wiki/Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">book clubs</a>. Unlike traditional clubs, they are not limited to one kind of event or special interest, but include a broad range of events in their monthly calendars. The members choose the events in which the club is going to take part, based upon the changing interests of the members. The members themselves determine the events they will attend of those offered. </p><p>Because the purpose of these clubs is split between general social interaction and taking part in the events themselves, both single and married people can take part. However, clubs tend to have more single members than married,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and many clubs exist for only single people, only married couples or only people with certain sexual orientations (homosexuality, pansexuality, bisexuality or heterosexuality). </p><p>Membership can be limited or open to the general public, as can the events. Most clubs have a limited membership based upon specific criteria and restrict the events to members to increase their feeling of security, creating an increased sense of camaraderie and belonging. There are many examples of private social clubs, including the <a href="/wiki/University_Club_of_Chicago" title="University Club of Chicago">University Club of Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mansion_on_O_Street" title="The Mansion on O Street">The Mansion on O Street</a> in D.C., the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Club_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Club of New York City">Penn Club of New York City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Friars%27_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Friars&#39; Club">New York Friars' Club</a>. </p><p>Social activities clubs can be for-profit, <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit</a> or a combination of the two (a for-profit club with a non-profit charitable arm, for instance). Some social clubs have <a href="/wiki/Function_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Function hall">function halls</a> which members, or sometimes the general public, can rent for parties. </p><p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_community_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish community center">Jewish community centers</a> and other organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a>, have social clubs for people with <a href="/wiki/Social_anxiety" title="Social anxiety">social anxiety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Learning_disability" title="Learning disability">learning disabilities</a>. Membership in these clubs is limited to individuals with these conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sororities_and_fraternities">Sororities and fraternities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Sororities and fraternities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Social_club" title="Special:EditPage/Social club">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a> are part of "Greek life" prevalent in universities. Many young men and women pledge during their freshman year of college in order to become a "brother" or "sister" of a <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sorority" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorority">sorority</a>. These clubs are founded on principles of camaraderie and communal bonding. As social clubs, they are sometimes also <a href="/wiki/Philanthropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Philanthropic">philanthropic</a>, hosting fundraisers for charities or on-campus events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_clubs">Religious clubs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Religious clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Conservative_Clubs" title="Association of Conservative Clubs">Association of Conservative Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_gentlemen%27s_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American gentlemen&#39;s clubs">List of American gentlemen's clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membership_discrimination_in_California_social_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership discrimination in California social clubs">Membership discrimination in California social clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist societies">Socialist societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Diversion" title="Urban Diversion">Urban Diversion</a> (Adventures &amp; Activities Social Club)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_club&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFConnelly,_Sherryl2013" class="citation news cs1">Connelly, Sherryl (July 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/real-life-sopranos-exposed-undercover-article-1.1404744">"Real life 'Sopranos' exposed in Mike Russell's new book 'Undercover Cop'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&amp;rft.atitle=Real+life+%27Sopranos%27+exposed+in+Mike+Russell%27s+new+book+%27Undercover+Cop%27&amp;rft.date=2013-07-20&amp;rft.au=Connelly%2C+Sherryl&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Freal-life-sopranos-exposed-undercover-article-1.1404744&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeans,_ChrisRussell,_Mike1988" class="citation news cs1">Jeans, Chris; Russell, Mike (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/463502/Confessions-of-an-Undercover-Cop/#">"Confessions of an Undercover Cop"</a>. <i>America Undercover</i>. HBO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=America+Undercover&amp;rft.atitle=Confessions+of+an+Undercover+Cop&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.au=Jeans%2C+Chris&amp;rft.au=Russell%2C+Mike&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F463502%2FConfessions-of-an-Undercover-Cop%2F%23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+club" class="Z3988"></span> Documentary featuring the work of ex-New Jersey State Trooper Mike Russell, whose undercover work for the New Jersey State Police led to the arrests of 41 members of the <a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese crime family</a>, and of corrupt prison officials, and a state senator</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐565d46677b‐vsxxs Cached time: 20241128131513 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.282 seconds Real time usage: 0.447 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1396/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 60720/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9943/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21236/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.167/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4342066/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 334.264 1 -total 29.95% 100.124 1 Template:Reflist 26.45% 88.426 2 Template:Cite_news 25.53% 85.353 1 Template:Multiple_issues 20.85% 69.690 1 Template:Short_description 19.89% 66.476 6 Template:Ambox 13.10% 43.789 1 Template:Globalize 11.07% 37.016 2 Template:Pagetype 7.79% 26.046 1 Template:About 6.20% 20.708 5 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:3431339:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128131513 and revision id 1258416369. 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