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Mediapart - Wikipedia
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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mediapart" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mediapart" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mediapart" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mediapart" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mediapart" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mediapart" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mediapart" 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.logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mediapart</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Seuls nos lecteurs peuvent nous acheter</i><br /><small>("Only our readers can buy us")</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediapart_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Mediapart_logo.svg/250px-Mediapart_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Mediapart_logo.svg/375px-Mediapart_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Mediapart_logo.svg/500px-Mediapart_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data">Online</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Le Fonds pour une Presse Libre</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edwy_Plenel" title="Edwy Plenel">Edwy Plenel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Carine_Fouteau" title="Carine Fouteau">Carine Fouteau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor-in-chief</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Lénaïg Bredoux<br />Valentine Oberti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General manager</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Cécile Sourd</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Staff writers</th><td class="infobox-data">~70</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2008</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political alignment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-Willsher_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willsher-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BpB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BpB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">French, English, Spanish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">220,000 (paid subscribers) (as of 31 December 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediapart.fr">mediapart.fr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Mediapart</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[medjapaʁt]</a></span>) is an independent nonprofit French <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative</a> online newspaper created in 2008 by <a href="/wiki/Edwy_Plenel" title="Edwy Plenel">Edwy Plenel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Willsher_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willsher-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former editor-in-chief of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i></span>. It is published in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. </p><p>It has produced hundreds of investigations over the past 15 years, on political corruption, financial fraud, environmental crimes, as well as on sexual harassment and police violence. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> has called <i>Mediapart</i> "France's leading investigative news site"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>The newspaper is owned by <i>Le Fonds pour une Presse Libre</i>, a non-profit trust created to support freedom of the press. </p><p>In March 2021, <i>Mediapart</i> reached more than 220,000 paid subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-challenges_2021-03-16_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenges_2021-03-16-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Profile">Profile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediapart&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mediapart's</i> income is only derived from paid subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-Willsher_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willsher-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike most French newspapers, Mediapart refuses to display any advertising. It also refuses all commercial partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its official slogan is "Only Our Readers Can Buy Us". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> has called <i>Mediapart</i> "France's leading investigative news site".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> described the editor as an "ex-Trotskyist rocking the French establishment".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Mediapart</i> consists of two main sections: <i>Le Journal</i>, run by professional journalists, and <i>Le Club</i>, a collaborative forum edited by its subscriber community. In 2011, <i>Mediapart</i> launched FrenchLeaks, a whistleblower website inspired by <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imediaethics_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imediaethics-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mediapart</i> was originally a for-profit business. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership">Ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediapart&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mediapart was originally a for-profit business. </p><p>In 2018, the newspaper was converted by shareholders into a non-profit<sup id="cite_ref-modifie_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modifie-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>The newspaper is now owned by <i>Le Fond pour une Presse Libre</i>, a non-profit trust created to secure the financial and editorial independence of Mediapart in perpetuity and support freedom of the press<sup id="cite_ref-modifie_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modifie-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. By design, trust board members don't have any authority over the newsroom.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmark_investigations">Landmark investigations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediapart&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Landmark investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mediapart</i> has played a central role in the investigation and revelation of several major French political scandals, including: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Bettencourt_affair" title="Bettencourt affair">Bettencourt affair</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-France24_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France24-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sarkozy-Gaddafi_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarkozy-Gaddafi case">Sarkozy-Gaddafi case</a> in 2012. <i>Mediapart</i> made public two official Libyan documents suggesting the existence of a €50 million transfer from the Libyan regime to <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>'s successful 2007 campaign for <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a>. In June 2021, <i>Mediapart</i> reported that Michèle Marchand, an influential figure in the French celebrity press and proponent of Nicolas Sarkozy, had been taken into custody and interviewed over alleged witness tampering in relation to a witness in the <a href="/wiki/Sarkozy_corruption_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarkozy corruption trial">Sarkozy corruption trial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_Willsher_2021-06-04_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Willsher_2021-06-04-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cahuzac_affair" title="Cahuzac affair">Cahuzac affair</a> in 2012. <i>Mediapart</i> made public an audio recording from 2000 compromising <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Cahuzac" title="Jérôme Cahuzac">Jérôme Cahuzac</a>, then France's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Action_and_Accounts" title="Ministry of Public Action and Accounts">Minister for the Budget</a>, in tax fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> candidate Jean-Claude Veillard's role in the payment of taxes to <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a> middlemen by <a href="/wiki/Lafarge_(company)" title="Lafarge (company)">Lafarge</a> in 2013–2014.<sup id="cite_ref-lefigunexcandidatfn_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lefigunexcandidatfn-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Benalla_affair" title="Benalla affair">Benalla affair</a>. On 31 January 2019 <i>Mediapart</i> released voice recordings attributed to <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Benalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Benalla">Alexandre Benalla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Crase" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent Crase">Vincent Crase</a> that suggested serious offenses committed by the two.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 February 2019, the office of <i>Mediapart</i> was subjected to a raid which failed as Mediapart refused it on the ground that the warrant was not authorised by a judge. The raid was in connection with a new investigation concerning a breach of Benalla's and Crase's privacy, prompted by the office of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither of the two has launched action against <i>Mediapart</i> for breach of privacy. <i>Mediapart</i> sees in the raid an attempt by the government to reveal and intimidate the source of the voice recordings and to stifle journalistic rights to inform the public.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mediapart</i> has never been subject to such a raid before, and received support from other press organisations and the <a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_Journalists" title="European Federation of Journalists">European Federation of Journalists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident was reported by <i>The New York Times</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In July 2019, <i>Mediapart</i> revealed that €63,000 of public money had been spent by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Rugy" title="François de Rugy">François de Rugy</a> on the refurbishment of his official residence, including €19,000 on a dressing room, and published photographs of lobster and champagne dinners, implying profligacy at the taxpayers' expense whilst he was President of the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 July 2019 Rugy resigned as Ecology Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In April 2021, <i>Mediapart</i> revealed that luxury giant <a href="/wiki/LVMH" title="LVMH">LVMH</a> secretly paid <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Squarcini" title="Bernard Squarcini">Bernard Squarcini</a>, the former head of French intelligence, to put journalist <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ruffin" title="François Ruffin">François Ruffin</a> under illegal surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-mediapart.fr_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediapart.fr-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruffin was preparing a documentary about billionaire <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Arnault" title="Bernard Arnault">Bernard Arnault</a>, CEO of LVMH.<sup id="cite_ref-mediapart.fr_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediapart.fr-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2022, <i>Mediapart</i> revealed that <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Poivre_d%27Arvor" title="Patrick Poivre d'Arvor">Patrick Poivre d'Arvor</a>, one of the most powerful news anchors in France, had been accused of rape and sexual assault by at least 20 different women.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediapart&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Willsher-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willsher_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willsher_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willsher_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim Willsher, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/16/how-pioneering-mediapart-has-set-the-french-news-agenda">"How pioneering Mediapart has set the French news agenda"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 16 March 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BpB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BpB_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurotopics.net/en/148717/mediapart">"Mediapart"</a>. Bonn, Germany: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_Civic_Education" title="Federal Agency for Civic Education">Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Federation+of+Journalists&rft.atitle=France%3A+Mediapart+secret+sources+threatened+by+police+search+attempt&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropeanjournalists.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F02%2F08%2Ffrance-mediapart-secret-sources-threatened-by-police-search-attempt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeden2019" class="citation news cs1">Breeden, Aurelien (8 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/world/europe/mediapart-raid.html">"Attempted Raid on News Site's Offices Prompts Outcry in France"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Attempted+Raid+on+News+Site%27s+Offices+Prompts+Outcry+in+France&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft.aulast=Breeden&rft.aufirst=Aurelien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F08%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fmediapart-raid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAuley2019" class="citation news cs1">McAuley, James (6 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/macron-under-fire-after-attempted-search-of-french-news-outlet-mediapart/2019/02/06/6101c7e6-78c7-4a63-92a0-ac0f17a84593_story.html">"Macron under fire after attempted search of French news outlet Mediapart"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Macron+under+fire+after+attempted+search+of+French+news+outlet+Mediapart&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft.aulast=McAuley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fmacron-under-fire-after-attempted-search-of-french-news-outlet-mediapart%2F2019%2F02%2F06%2F6101c7e6-78c7-4a63-92a0-ac0f17a84593_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712173225/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-politics-derugy-idUKKCN1U71O6">"Chastised French minister: I hate caviar and suffer a lobster..."</a> <i>Reuters</i>. 12 July 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-politics-derugy-idUKKCN1U71O6">the original</a> on 12 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Chastised+French+minister%3A+I+hate+caviar+and+suffer+a+lobster...&rft.date=2019-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-france-politics-derugy-idUKKCN1U71O6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190711-lobster-champagne-france-minister-de-rugy-lavish-tax-payers-scandal-macron-paris">"Lobster and champagne: French minister in hot water for living the lavish life on public funds"</a>. France 24. 11 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lobster+and+champagne%3A+French+minister+in+hot+water+for+living+the+lavish+life+on+public+funds&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2019-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190711-lobster-champagne-france-minister-de-rugy-lavish-tax-payers-scandal-macron-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-07-16/top-french-minister-resigns-after-reports-of-lavish-lifestyle">"Top French minister resigns after reports of lavish lifestyle"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 17 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Top+French+minister+resigns+after+reports+of+lavish+lifestyle&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2019-07-16%2Ftop-french-minister-resigns-after-reports-of-lavish-lifestyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mediapart.fr-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mediapart.fr_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mediapart.fr_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/190421/la-police-met-nu-le-systeme-d-espionnage-de-lvmh-contre-francois-ruffin">"La police met à nu le système d'espionnage de LVMH contre François Ruffin"</a>. <i>Mediapart</i>. 19 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mediapart&rft.atitle=La+police+met+%C3%A0+nu+le+syst%C3%A8me+d%E2%80%99espionnage+de+LVMH+contre+Fran%C3%A7ois+Ruffin&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapart.fr%2Fjournal%2Ffrance%2F190421%2Fla-police-met-nu-le-systeme-d-espionnage-de-lvmh-contre-francois-ruffin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/28/world/europe/france-metoo-patrick-poivre-darvor.html">"The Fall of the 'Sun King' of French TV, and the Myth of Seduction"</a>. <i>Mediapart</i>. 28 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mediapart&rft.atitle=The+Fall+of+the+%E2%80%98Sun+King%E2%80%99+of+French+TV%2C+and+the+Myth+of+Seduction&rft.date=2022-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F05%2F28%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-metoo-patrick-poivre-darvor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMediapart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediapart&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.Mediapart.fr">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/en/english"><i>Mediapart</i> English edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/es/espanol"><i>Mediapart</i> Spanish edition</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frenchleaks.fr/">FrenchLeaks</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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