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edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"National Film Board" redirects here. For the Argentine organization, see <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Board of Argentina">National Film Board of Argentina</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The National Film Board of Canada (NFB; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Office national du film du Canada, ONF) is a Canadian public film and <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a> producer and distributor. An agency of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a>, the NFB produces and distributes <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_documentaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Web documentaries">web documentaries</a>, and alternative dramas. In total, the NFB has produced over 13,000 productions since its inception,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> which have won over 5,000 awards.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The NFB reports to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Minister of Canadian Heritage">Minister of Canadian Heritage</a>. It has bilingual production programs and branches in English and French, including multicultural-related documentaries. <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National Film Board of Canada Office national du film du Canada</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg/220px-National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg/330px-National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg/440px-National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="146"></a><div class="infobox-caption">The "Visionary Man" logo since 2003</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilot_Balmoral_2020-05-18_-_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Ilot Balmoral in Downtown Montreal served a the new NFB headquarters since 2019, in commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the founding." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ilot_Balmoral_2020-05-18_-_10.jpg/220px-Ilot_Balmoral_2020-05-18_-_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ilot_Balmoral_2020-05-18_-_10.jpg/330px-Ilot_Balmoral_2020-05-18_-_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ilot_Balmoral_2020-05-18_-_10.jpg/440px-Ilot_Balmoral_2020-05-18_-_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></a><div class="infobox-caption">NFB headquarters in Montreal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">NFB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">May 2, 1939 (1939-05-02) in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Federal agency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Film and interactive media producer and distributor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">English, French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government Film Commissioner and NFB Chairperson</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Joli-Coeur" title="Claude Joli-Coeur">Claude Joli-Coeur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nfb.ca/">nfb.ca</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530721#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau">1.1 Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Foundation_and_early_history">1.2 Foundation and early history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Ross_McLean_administration">1.3 Ross McLean administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Irwin_administration">1.4 Irwin administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Trueman_administration">1.5 Trueman administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Roberge_administration">1.6 Roberge administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Grant_McLean_administration">1.7 Grant McLean administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#McPherson_administration">1.8 McPherson administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Newman_and_Lamy_administrations">1.9 Newman and Lamy administrations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Domville_administration">1.10 Domville administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Macerola_administration">1.11 Macerola administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Pennefather_administration">1.12 Pennefather administration</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Documentary">2 Documentary</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_and_Direct_Cinema">2.1 Cinéma vérité and Direct Cinema</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Challenge_for_Change/Societ%C3%A9_Nouvelle">2.2 Challenge for Change/Societé Nouvelle</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Indian_Film_Crew">2.2.1 Indian Film Crew</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Giant-screen_cinema">2.3 Giant-screen cinema</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Alternative_drama">2.4 Alternative drama</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Animation">3 Animation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Drawn-on-film_animation">3.1 Drawn-on-film animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Pinscreen_animation">3.2 Pinscreen animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Stop-motion_animation">3.3 Stop-motion animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Computer_animation">3.4 Computer animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Traditional_animation">3.5 Traditional animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Sand_animation">3.6 Sand animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Paint_on_glass_animation">3.7 Paint on glass animation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Interactive">4 Interactive</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Works">4.1 Works</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Virtual_reality">4.1.1 Virtual reality</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Platforms">4.2 Platforms</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Indigenous_production">5 Indigenous production</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Programs">5.1 Programs</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Inuit_film_and_animation">5.1.1 Inuit film and animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#First_Stories_and_Second_Stories">5.1.2 First Stories and Second Stories</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Wapikoni_Mobile">5.1.3 Wapikoni Mobile</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Women's_production">6 Women's production</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Studio_D">6.1 Studio D</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Gender_parity_initiatives">6.2 Gender parity initiatives</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Training">7 Training</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Animation_2">7.1 Animation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Theatrical_documentaries">7.2 Theatrical documentaries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Structure">8 Structure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Branches_and_studios">8.1 Branches and studios</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Former_studios_and_departments">8.2 Former studios and departments</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Still_Photography_Division">8.2.1 Still Photography Division</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#Facilities_in_Montreal_and_Toronto">8.2.2 Facilities in Montreal and Toronto</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#People">9 People</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#Government_Film_Commissioners">9.1 Government Film Commissioners</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#Awards">10 Awards</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#Film_and_television_awards">10.1 Film and television awards</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-52"><a href="#Canadian_Screen_Awards">10.1.1 Canadian Screen Awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-53"><a href="#Academy_Awards">10.1.2 Academy Awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Golden_Sheaf_Awards">10.1.3 Golden Sheaf Awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Peabody_Awards">10.1.4 Peabody Awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-56"><a href="#Annie_Awards">10.1.5 Annie Awards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57"><a href="#Interactive_awards">10.2 Interactive awards</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#Webby_Awards">10.2.1 Webby Awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59"><a href="#Others">10.2.2 Others</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-60"><a href="#Controversy">11 Controversy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-61"><a href="#NFB_on_TV">12 NFB on TV</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-62"><a href="#Logo">13 Logo</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-63"><a href="#In_popular_media">14 In popular media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-64"><a href="#See_also">15 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-65"><a href="#References">16 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-66"><a href="#Works_cited">17 Works cited</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-67"><a href="#Further_reading">18 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-68"><a href="#External_links">19 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau">Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg/220px-Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2461" data-file-height="1424"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg/220px-Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg/330px-Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg/440px-Cameramen_for_the_Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau_in_1925.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A group of cameramen who worked for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau" title="Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau">Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau</a> in 1925. Frank Badgley, the bureau's director from 1927 to 1941, is in the background.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau" title="Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau">Exhibits and Publicity Bureau</a> was founded on 19 September 1918, and was reorganized into the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau in 1923.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBr%C3%A9gent-Heald201230-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978133-4">[4]</a> The organization's budget stagnated and declined during the Great Depression.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199350-5">[5]</a> Frank Badgley, who served as the bureau's director from 1927 to 1941, stated that the bureau needed to transition to sound films or else it would lose its access to theatrical releases, but the organization did not gain the equipment until 1934, and by then it had lost its theatrical distributors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978167-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Badgley was able to get a <a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16 mm film</a> facility for the bureau in 1931.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978167-6">[6]</a> The bureau was reorganized into the National Film Board of Canada on 11 June 1941, following <a href="/wiki/John_Grierson" title="John Grierson">John Grierson</a>'s recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978161-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199353-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhouri200785-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_history">Foundation and early history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation and early history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg/220px-Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="419"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg/220px-Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg/330px-Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg/440px-Jorge_Ruiz_-_John_Grierson_1955.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Grierson" title="John Grierson">John Grierson</a> was the first commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ross_McLean_(civil_servant)" title="Ross McLean (civil servant)">Ross McLean</a> was working as the secretary to High Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Massey" title="Vincent Massey">Vincent Massey</a> when he met Grierson, and asked for Grierson to come to Canada to aide in the governmental film policy. Grierson made a report on the Canadian film industry in 1938, and the National Film Act, which he drafted, was passed on 2 May 1939 causing the creation of the NFB.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198717-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198721-22-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978233-234-13">[13]</a> The position of Film Commissioner was left vacant for months, as <a href="/wiki/Ned_Corbett" title="Ned Corbett">Ned Corbett</a> declined the appointment, until Grierson, who proposed Badgley and Walter Turnbull for the position, accepted the position for six months in October 1939, but served until 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978233-234-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198122-23-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-founding-15">[15]</a> Grierson selected McLean to work as assistant commissioner and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Legg" title="Stuart Legg">Stuart Legg</a> to oversee the productions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199353-9">[9]</a> Grierson sent in a letter of resignation on 27 November 1940, in protest of the CGMPB and NFB not being merged, but agreed to stay on for another six months and the merger happened.<a href="#cite_note-founding-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198127-28-16">[16]</a> Employment rose from 55 to 787 from 1941 to 1945, although it was cut by 40% after the war ended.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199378-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198130-18">[18]</a> The Case of Charlie Gordon was the NFB's first English-language film and Un du 22e was its first French-language film.<a href="#cite_note-founding-15">[15]</a> In 1944, Grierson established twelve units to handle production; <a href="/wiki/The_World_in_Action" title="The World in Action">The World in Action</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada_Carries_On" title="Canada Carries On">Canada Carries On</a>, Industrial Relations, Health and Rehabilitation, Newsreel and Armed Forces, Animation, Dominion-Provincial, Travel and Outdoors, Armed Services, Foreign Language Programme, French Language Programme, Agriculture, and Education. Employees were contracted for three months as Grierson believed that job security hurt organizational creativity, but most employees worked longer than three months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198146-47-19">[19]</a> Grierson made efforts to increase the theatrical distribution of NFB films, primarily its war-related films, as he was coordinating wartime information for the United Kingdom in North America. <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players" title="Famous Players">Famous Players</a> aided in distribution and the Canadian Motion Picture War Services Committee, which worked with the <a href="/wiki/War_Activities_Committee_of_the_Motion_Pictures_Industry" title="War Activities Committee of the Motion Pictures Industry">War Activities Committee of the Motion Pictures Industry</a>, was founded in 1940. NFB productions such as The World in Action was watched by 30-40 million people per month in the United Kingdom and United States in 1943, and Canada Carries On was watched by 2.25 million people by 1944. The audience for NFB newsreels reached 40-50 million per week by 1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199356-58-20">[20]</a> Grierson opposed feature film production as he believed that Canada did not have a large enough market for an independent feature film industry. He supported working with American film companies and stated that "the theatre film business is an international business, dependent when it comes to distribution on an alliance or understanding with American film interests". He travelled to Hollywood in 1944, and the NFB sent scripts to American companies for consideration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199359-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a> founded the NFB's animation unit in 1942, and had <a href="/wiki/George_Dunning" title="George Dunning">George Dunning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Jodoin" title="René Jodoin">René Jodoin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Koenig" title="Wolf Koenig">Wolf Koenig</a>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Ladouceur" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Paul Ladouceur">Jean-Paul Ladouceur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Lambart" title="Evelyn Lambart">Evelyn Lambart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_Munro_(filmmaker)" title="Grant Munro (filmmaker)">Grant Munro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Verrall" title="Robert Verrall">Robert Verrall</a> working there within a decade of its creation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199123-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ross_McLean_administration">Ross McLean administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ross McLean administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Grierson lacked strong support in the Canadian government and some of his films received opposition from members of the government. <a href="/wiki/Inside_Fighting_Russia" title="Inside Fighting Russia">Inside Fighting Russia</a> was criticized for its support of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> and Balkan Powderkeg for criticizing the United Kingdom's policy in the Balkans. Grierson and the NFB were attacked during the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> created a file on Grierson in 1942, due to the World in Action newsreel being considered too left-wing. Leo Dolan, an ally of Hepburn and the head of the Canadian Government Travel Bureau, accused Grierson of being Jewish and a <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> supporter. The <a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a> implicated Freda Linton, one of Grierson's secretaries, and the organization was criticized by the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party</a> for subversive tendencies, financial waste, and being a monopoly. Grierson was also accused of being involved, but was proven not to be.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198722-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199359-60-24">[24]</a> During McLean's tenure film production was divided into four units in 1948. Unit A dealt with agriculture, non-English, and interpretative films, Unit B dealt with sponsored, scientific, cultural, and animated films, Unit C dealt with theatrical, newsreels, tourist, and travel films, and Unit D dealt with international affairs and special projects.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199115-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199134-26">[26]</a> This system continued until its abolition on 28 February 1964 when it had seven units, five English-language and two French-language.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198160-61-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198122-23-14">[14]</a> In 1947, <a href="/wiki/Grant_McLean_(film_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant McLean (film producer)">Grant McLean</a>, the cousin of the NFB commissioner, shot The People Between and the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Secretary of State for External Affairs</a>'s department stated that some parts of the film were too favorable towards the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans19918-28">[28]</a> Quebec Premier <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Duplessis" title="Maurice Duplessis">Maurice Duplessis</a> had NFB films removed from schools using accusations of communism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199116-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> discovered that an employee for the NFB's Production Division, who was a communist, took photos of top-secret military equipment. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence</a> prohibited the NFB from making films for it. Ross McLean followed the recommendations of the department and declared the NFB a vulnerable agency and the RCMP requested the firing of 36 employees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans19919-30">[30]</a> The RCMP requested him to fire a list of employees, McLean refused to fire any employees without their disloyalty being proven. He was not reappointed as commissioner and replaced by <a href="/wiki/William_Arthur_Irwin" title="William Arthur Irwin">William Arthur Irwin</a> in 1950. Irwin reduced the demand and only three were fired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199380-81-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199114-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199377-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irwin_administration">Irwin administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Irwin administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Irwin, the editor of <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a>, was selected to replace McLean as commissioner of the NFB. The <a href="/wiki/Financial_Post" title="Financial Post">Financial Post</a>, one of the NFB's leading critics and the sister publication of Maclean's, stopped its criticism following Irwin's selection and Kenneth Wilson, one of the NFB's strongest critics, died in a plane crash although <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Chalmers" title="Floyd Chalmers">Floyd Chalmers</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/Maclean-Hunter" title="Maclean-Hunter">Maclean-Hunter</a>, criticized Irwin for leaving Maclean's.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199112-13-34">[34]</a> Film production was centralized under Irwin by having one person oversee the four film units. He selected Donald Mulholland over <a href="/wiki/James_Beveridge" title="James Beveridge">James Beveridge</a> and Mulholland was criticized for ignoring French-language film production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199115-25">[25]</a> Unit E, dealing with sponsored work, and Unit F, dealing with French-language films, were created in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199130-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg/220px-Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2564" data-file-height="1823"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg/220px-Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg/330px-Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg/440px-Office_national_du_film_montreal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Norman McLaren Building in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent,_Quebec" title="Saint-Laurent, Quebec">Saint-Laurent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, former NFB headquarters from 1956 until 2019.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_National_Development_in_the_Arts,_Letters_and_Sciences" title="Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences">Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences</a>, with Massey as its chair, was formed in 1949. The NFB submitted a brief asking to have a headquarters constructed, budget increases, and to become a <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199376-77-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Robert Winters</a>, whose ministry oversaw the NFB, stated that its brief did not represent government policy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199380-37">[37]</a> The Association of Motion Picture Producers and Laboratories of Canada submitted a brief criticizing a government monopoly, with the NFB's crown corporation request being referred to as an "expansionist, monopolistic psychology", and that they were unable to compete with the NFB as it paid no taxes and was exempt from tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199379-38">[38]</a> The commission's report supported the NFB and its requests for Crown corporation status and a headquarters were accepted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199381-39">[39]</a> In 1950, Irwin wrote to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Robert Winters</a> about a report on restructuring the NFB and Winters told Irwin to rewrite the 1939 Film Act as it was outdated by then. The National Film Act was passed in June, and took effect on 14 October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199115-17-40">[40]</a> A Canadian tour by Princess <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip</a> was filmed using 35 mm <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman</a> colour-film stock, which was not available to the public yet. The film was initially meant to be two reels, worth twenty minutes, but grew to five reels as they could not determine what to cut. Irwin met with Harvey Harnick, the NFB's Columbia theatrical distributor, and J.J. Fitzgibbons, the president of <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players" title="Famous Players">Famous Players</a>, and Fitzgibbons told Irwin that he would screen all five reels if the film was completed for a Christmas release. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Journey" title="Royal Journey">Royal Journey</a> opened in seventeen first-run theatres and over course of the next two years it was screened in 1,249 Canadian theatres where it was watched by a record two million people and the film was also screened in forty other countries. The film cost $88,000, but the NFB gained a profit of $150,000 and the film's success was one of the reasons Grierson stated that Irwin "saved the Film Board".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199122-23-41">[41]</a> The NFB created its first television series, Window on Canada and <a href="/wiki/On_the_Spot_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="On the Spot (Canadian TV series)">On the Spot</a>, with the CBC in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199126-27-42">[42]</a> However, the CBC opposed increasing the amount of NFB productions as they believed it was hurting CBC's growth. The majority of the filmmakers in the NFB opposed moving into television. <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Newman" title="Sydney Newman">Sydney Newman</a> and Gordon Burwash, who supported moving into television, were sent to the United States in 1948 to learn about TV production and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> was given the right to air NBC productions in exchange. When Newman and Burwash returned they joined the CBC as the NFB was unable to move into television. Half of all productions by the NFB were made to air on television by 1955.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199139-40-43">[43]</a> In 1956, the CBC's exclusion grew to them making <a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_and_the_Last_of_the_Mohicans" title="Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans">Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans</a> with the expressed prohibition of NFB involvement and rejecting a show by the NFB based on <a href="/wiki/Jake_and_the_Kid" title="Jake and the Kid">Jake and the Kid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199142-43-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trueman_administration">Trueman administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trueman administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg/220px-Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1293" data-file-height="1701"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 289px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg/220px-Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="289" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg/330px-Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg/440px-Albert_William_Trueman_1947.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Trueman" title="Albert Trueman">Albert Trueman</a> was NFB commissioner from 1953 to 1957</figcaption></figure> Irwin resigned as commissioner in May 1953, and later stated that he wanted to be more involved in film production, but his time was being taken up by administrative purposes. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Trueman" title="Albert Trueman">Albert Trueman</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Brunswick" title="University of New Brunswick">University of New Brunswick</a> and a member of the board of governors of the NFB and CBC, was selected by Winters to replace Irwin. A reshuffling of the cabinet had <a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Harris" title="Walter Edward Harris">Walter Edward Harris</a> become the new minister responsible for the NFB.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199128-29-45">[45]</a> Since the foundation of the NFB its offices were divided across multiple locations in Ottawa and plans created during World War II to construct a single headquarters were not acted upon. Montreal was selected during Irwin's administration due to it bilingualism and two <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> television stations being created there. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">Louis St. Laurent</a> reached an agreement with Duplessis to allow the move.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199117-19-46">[46]</a> Donald Mulholland, the director of production, ended his support for the relocation to Montreal after Irwin's resignation and argued against it. Trueman did not take a position and instead sent the information to Harris. St. Laurent was angered by this and asked Winters if Trueman was attempting to sabotage the relocation and Trueman told Winters that he was just giving Harris information about the situation. The Conservatives criticized the rising cost of the headquarters' construction and attempted to block it, but failed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199129-30-47">[47]</a> The building was constructed from 1953 to 1956, at a cost of $5.25 million and served as the NFB's headquarters until 2019.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199117-19-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In September 1954, Quebec censors demanded that the NFB pay a censorship fee of $20,500 per year and Trueman wanted to accept it in order to avoid controversy. However, a compromise was reached where the Quebec censors were given one print of each film and if they censored it then all versions would be also censored while the NFB would pay an annual fee between $2,500-3,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199135-36-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Juneau" title="Pierre Juneau">Pierre Juneau</a>, who was sent to the United Kingdom by Irwin, was brought by Trueman to the NFB as an adviser and secretary in 1953. The creation of two assistant commissioners, one English and one French, with Juneau as the French assistant commissioner was proposed in November 1954, but was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Pickersgill" title="Jack Pickersgill">Jack Pickersgill</a>, who replaced Harris, over the course of the next three years. <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Laurendeau" title="André Laurendeau">André Laurendeau</a> criticized the NFB for not creating a French-language side. In February 1957, Pickersgill allowed for Juneau to become the executive director and be in charge of financial administration and distribution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199116-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199134-36-50">[50]</a> This was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Matin" title="Montréal-Matin">Montréal-Matin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Devoir" title="Le Devoir">Le Devoir</a>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Action_catholique" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Action catholique">L'Action catholique</a>, and other French-language media and Juneau was criticized for demoting <a href="/wiki/Roger_Blais_(filmmaker)" title="Roger Blais (filmmaker)">Roger Blais</a>, who claimed it was for him criticizing the salary inequality between French and English speakers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199144-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roberge_administration">Roberge administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Roberge administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Trueman accepted the position of commissioner with the promise that he would later be given a more prestigious position. He resigned during the French media criticism to become head of the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Council" title="Canada Council">Canada Council</a> in 1957. He suggested <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Pelletier" title="Gérard Pelletier">Gérard Pelletier</a> as his successor, but <a href="/wiki/Guy_Roberge" title="Guy Roberge">Guy Roberge</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Liberal</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly of Quebec">Legislative Assembly of Quebec</a> who had written sections of the Massey report, was selected instead as the first French-Canadian commissioner. Le Devoir supported his selection and the French media ended its criticism of the NFB.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Fairclough" title="Ellen Fairclough">Ellen Fairclough</a>, who became the minister responsible for the NFB in May 1958, was not interested with the organization and never saw a film created by the NFB.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199158-54">[54]</a> She declined to interfere in NFB matters despite criticism from Pickersgill, who believed that the minister was responsible for whatever went on at the NFB.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199189-55">[55]</a> Upon his arrival at the NFB in 1953, Juneau saw the difficulties of communication between French and English speakers and supported creating separate English and French production units.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199135-56">[56]</a> Additional units for French-language film production were created in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199153-57">[57]</a> A French-language branch of the NFB that was independent of its English-language productions was formed on 1 January 1964, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Juneau" title="Pierre Juneau">Pierre Juneau</a>. One-third of the NFB's budget was given to French-language productions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199196-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1981109-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Drylanders" title="Drylanders">Drylanders</a>, the organization's first English language feature-length fiction film, was released in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199187-88-60">[60]</a> In February 1964, the English-language production units were replaced by a talent pool system where producers had less power and directors had more power. The French-language production units were replaced in September 1968.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199192-61">[61]</a> The pool system lasted until its replacement by the studio system in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1981138-62">[62]</a> In 1962, Roberge proposed the creation of an organization to aid in film finance based on the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Finance_Corporation" title="National Film Finance Corporation">National Film Finance Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centre_national_du_cin%C3%A9ma_et_de_l%27image_anim%C3%A9e" title="Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée">Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199167-63">[63]</a> The Interdepartmental Committee on the Possible Development of a Feature Film Industry in Canada, under Roberge's leadership, was formed by the secretary of state. The committee submitted a report to the <a href="/wiki/19th_Canadian_Ministry" title="19th Canadian Ministry">19th Canadian Ministry</a> for the creation of a loan fund to aid the development of the Canadian film industry. The proposal was approved in October 1965, and legislation, the Canadian Film Development Corporation Act of 1966-67, for its creation was introduced in June 1966, before being approved on 3 March 1967, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Film_Development_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Film Development Corporation">Canadian Film Development Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPendakur1990146-148-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denys_Arcand" title="Denys Arcand">Denys Arcand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Carle" title="Gilles Carle">Gilles Carle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Godbout" title="Jacques Godbout">Jacques Godbout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Groulx" title="Gilles Groulx">Gilles Groulx</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Perron" title="Clément Perron">Clément Perron</a> criticized the NFB and its productions in articles written for the <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Libre" title="Cité Libre">Cité Libre</a>. Juneau stated that the articles were a watershed moment in the NFB's history. The men were reprimanded by Roberge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199199-101-65">[65]</a> Many employees left the NFB following the reprimands including <a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a>, Carle, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gosselin" title="Bernard Gosselin">Bernard Gosselin</a>, Groulx, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lamothe" title="Arthur Lamothe">Arthur Lamothe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741-42-66">[66]</a> Juneau left the NFB in March 1966, and worked at the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> before becoming president of the CBC. Roberge created the positions of Assistant Government Film Commissioner, held by Grant McLean and Roland Ladouceur, Director of Production for English, held by <a href="/wiki/Julian_Biggs" title="Julian Biggs">Julian Biggs</a>, and French, held by Marcel Martin, productions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991113-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grant_McLean_administration">Grant McLean administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grant McLean administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Roberge resigned as commissioner on 1 April 1966, and declined to be involved with the selection of his successor. Grant was appointed as the acting commissioner by <a href="/wiki/Judy_LaMarsh" title="Judy LaMarsh">Judy LaMarsh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991113-115-68">[68]</a> LaMarsh was slow on the selection of a permanent commissioner. Grierson supported Grant's selection, but also put forward Newman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991120-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_McPherson" title="Hugo McPherson">Hugo McPherson</a> was selected to become commissioner in April 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991129-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Lamontagne" title="Maurice Lamontagne">Maurice Lamontagne</a> selected Gordon Sheppard, a film producer, to review Canada's cultural policy and his report, Sheppard's Special Report on the Cultural Policy and Activities of the Government of Canada, was critical of the NFB. It criticized the NFB's preference for aesthetics and cultural films instead of informational films. The report called for a reduction in NFB productions and that it should eventually be entirely replaced by private production. The External Affairs Ministry criticized Sheppard stating that he was serving his own interests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991116-117-71">[71]</a> Prior budgets were created by having the commissioner meet with the secretary of state and representatives of the Treasury before being voted on in parliament, but it was changed to having members of the Standing Committee on Broadcasting, Films and Assistance to the Arts question the commissioner and Grant was the first commissioner to go through it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991136-72">[72]</a> There had been multiple attempts by the NFB to create a film school and the idea received support from the External Affairs Ministry and the Sheppard Report. However, the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Board_of_Canada" title="Treasury Board of Canada">Treasury Board of Canada</a> had rejected efforts to fund its creation. Grierson was invited by Grant to report on the possibility of creating a film school. Grierson supported creating a school, if the External Affairs Ministry recommended that production be reduced to free up creative teachers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991117-119-73">[73]</a> The CBC terminated its contracts with the NFB in 1966. The CBC and NFB's relations soured due to the NFB's demand that no commercials be played during their films and the NFB charging $10,000–$15,000 for 30 minute films while a commercial network had received it for $800. The CBC and NFB also co-produced <a href="/wiki/The_Ernie_Game" title="The Ernie Game">The Ernie Game</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Caroline" title="Waiting for Caroline">Waiting for Caroline</a> which went overbudget by $50,000 and $200,000 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991121-122-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McPherson_administration">McPherson administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: McPherson administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Trudeau_(1975).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg/220px-Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1509"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 305px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg/220px-Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="305" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg/330px-Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg/440px-Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The NFB suffered from budgetary problems during <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>'s tenure as prime minister</figcaption></figure> In 1967, the Treasury Board limited the NFB's expenditures to $10 million and over the course of two years it was forced to pay for built-in higher salary costs and another salary increase due to an agreement with the SGCT union using existing funds. McPherson asked Pelletier to allow the NFB to spend over $500,000 more than its budget in order to avoiding firing 10% of the NFB's employees, and later asked the <a href="/wiki/20th_Canadian_Ministry" title="20th Canadian Ministry">Cabinet</a> and Treasury for more funding, but was unsuccessful. McPherson later stated that after his failure with the Treasury he waited for the perfect time to resign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991135-138-75">[75]</a> In 1969, an agreement was reached between the CBC and NFB in which the CBC would be allowed to air commercials during NFB programs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991138-76">[76]</a> Revenue from sponsored films declined from $2.2 million to $1.6 million by August 1969.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991144-77">[77]</a> McPherson announced that 10% of the employees would be laid off by 1 January 1970. The employees formed a Crisis Committee under John Howe's leadership and film production was stopped although a strike was not officially called. The committee suggested allowing government sponsors to choose between using the NFB or private companies, allowing outsiders to pay for NFB technical services, creating a unit system where 5-15 people would work together, and creating fees for distribution. McPherson supported the idea of distribution fees and thought that it was the only viable option for the NFB.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991140-141-78">[78]</a> Pelletier approved the NFB charging $3–12 per day for its films, but they were later removed as being in violation of anti-inflation guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991143-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991146-80">[80]</a> Fees would be instituted in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991278-81">[81]</a> The Treasury had granted $1 million, $250,000 less than what was requested, in August to cover NFB's salary increases, but McPherson was not informed as ministers hoped he would institute larger budget cuts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991143-79">[79]</a> An additional $500,000 was free due to lowered production following the Crisis Committee's formation. 63 layoffs were proposed and it was reduced by 17 due to union opposition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991145-146-82">[82]</a> The NFB's <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer animation</a> program was suspended due to budget cuts although the NFB's French Animated Studio, founded by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Jodoin" title="René Jodoin">René Jodoin</a> in 1966, created <a href="/wiki/Peter_Foldes" title="Peter Foldes">Peter Foldes</a>'s Metadata in 1971, and the <a href="/wiki/Hunger_(1973_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunger (1973 film)">Hunger</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991137-83">[83]</a> The NFB returned to computer animation in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991279-84">[84]</a> The first usage of <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotape</a> by the NFB occurred in 1967, when <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jutra" title="Claude Jutra">Claude Jutra</a> and Robert Forget used it for research with children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991167-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newman_and_Lamy_administrations">Newman and Lamy administrations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Newman and Lamy administrations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Newman_(Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg/220px-Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 340px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg/220px-Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="340" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg/330px-Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg/440px-Sydney_Newman_%28Canadian_Media_Delegation_to_China%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Newman" title="Sydney Newman">Sydney Newman</a> was NFB commissioner from 1970 to 1975</figcaption></figure> Newman, a former NFB director who spent the previous twelve years working on television shows in the United Kingdom, was selected to replaced McPherson as commissioner in 1970, and he selected <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lamy" title="André Lamy">André Lamy</a> as his assistant commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991177-86">[86]</a> Faulkner opposed Newman and worked to have Newman not reappointed in July 1975, and he was replaced by Lamy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991218-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991220-88">[88]</a> Lamy criticized multiple French productions, such as <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Mill,_Treadmill" title="Cotton Mill, Treadmill">Cotton Mill, Treadmill</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_heures_ou_plus" title="24 heures ou plus">24 heures ou plus</a>, and <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_pays_sans_bon_sens!" class="extiw" title="fr:Un pays sans bon sens!">Un pays sans bon sens!</a>, as being too biased or <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">separatist</a> and were ordered to not be released in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991179-180-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robin_Spry" title="Robin Spry">Robin Spry</a> was initially denied the ability to film the events of the <a href="/wiki/October_Crisis" title="October Crisis">October Crisis</a> by the English side of the NFB, but was given permission by the French side and the footage was turned into <a href="/wiki/Reaction:_A_Portrait_of_a_Society_in_Crisis" title="Reaction: A Portrait of a Society in Crisis">Reaction: A Portrait of a Society in Crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Action:_The_October_Crisis_of_1970" title="Action: The October Crisis of 1970">Action: The October Crisis of 1970</a> with some elements censored by Newman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991189-190-90">[90]</a> French films banned under Newman's tenure were later released during Lamy's tenure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991224-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon" title="Kathleen Shannon">Kathleen Shannon</a> attempted to have a division created to focus on films made by and about women due to the coming <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Year" title="International Women's Year">International Women's Year</a>. Newman and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Verrall" title="Robert Verrall">Robert Verrall</a> supported Shannon's attempt to get a $1.3 million budget for a women's department, but it was rejected by the Treasury. Verrall gave Shannon permission to organize <a href="/wiki/Studio_D" title="Studio D">Studio D</a>, the first publicly funded feminist film-production unit in the world, in 1974. However, there would be no French version of Studio D until the formation of Studio B in 1986. Studio D produced 125 films before its closure in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991211-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In 1970, Pelletier called for the creation of a Canadian Film Commission, made up of private and governmental interests, but it was opposed by the NFB, CBC, CFDC, and <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>. However, they did agree to form the Advisory Committee on Film as an ad hoc committee. Pelletier later proposed the Global Film Policy in which the NFB would regionalize and share sponsored productions with the private sector. Pelletier's successor, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Faulkner_(politician)" title="Hugh Faulkner (politician)">Hugh Faulkner</a>, replaced the Global Film Policy with the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Cost_Allowance" title="Capital Cost Allowance">Capital Cost Allowance</a> in which investors could get a 100% tax deduction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991200-204-95">[95]</a> Faulkner proposed to shift the responsibility of sponsored films to the Department of Supply and Services and only give the NFB 30% of the work. However, he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Roberts (Canadian politician)">John Roberts</a> during a shuffling of the cabinet in September 1976. Roberts believed that the CCA resolved the funding problems for the private industry, accepted Lamy's recommendations for interactions with private companies, and declined to have the Department of Supply and Services manage sponsored films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991224-225-96">[96]</a> However, 70% of the sponsored work were given to private companies by the end of Lamy's tenure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991251-97">[97]</a> A $500,000 budget cut and 2.5% decrease in salaries over two years were implemented in 1975, after initially being threatened with a $1 million cut, as part of a government attempt to save $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991218-87">[87]</a> The Public Service Staff Relations Board ruled in 1977 that 99% of the freelance workers at the NFB were employees and the board of governors later recommended the firing of sixty-five people. Federal budget cuts caused Roberts to plan for the NFB's budget to decrease by 10% between 1979 and 1981.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991243-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991253-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domville_administration">Domville administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Domville administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Lamy left the NFB and the board of Governors selected <a href="/wiki/James_de_Beaujeu_Domville" title="James de Beaujeu Domville">James de Beaujeu Domville</a>, who served as deputy film commissioner for seven years, after four months. Domville selected <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_N._Macerola" title="François N. Macerola">François N. Macerola</a>, the director of French production, as his deputy commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991254-100">[100]</a> Domville offered to continue on as commissioner for another term after 1984, and his demands were accepted by the board of governors, but chose to leave after <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fox" title="Francis Fox">Francis Fox</a> declined to accept or deny his renewal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991296-101">[101]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979 election</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> changed the ministry responsible for the NFB from the Secretary of State, which managed it since 1963, to the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Communications_(Canada)" title="Minister of Communications (Canada)">Minister of Communications</a>, then led by <a href="/wiki/David_MacDonald_(Canadian_politician)" title="David MacDonald (Canadian politician)">David MacDonald</a>. MacDonald supported giving 80% of the sponsored work to private companies and that the NFB only make films that the private companies could not.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991256-102">[102]</a> Domville offered a three-year phase out of NFB doing sponsored work during a meeting with representatives of the Canadian Film and Television Association and Association des Producteurrs de Films du Quebec in 1979. He stated that "sponsored film had become a monkey on the back of English production".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991271-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> reportedly offered to buy the NFB for $100 million (equivalent to $392,750,000 in 2023) in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991257-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Derek_Lamb" title="Derek Lamb">Derek Lamb</a>'s leadership of the English language animation studio produced multiple critical acclaimed works, including the Academy Award-winning <a href="/wiki/Every_Child_(film)" title="Every Child (film)">Every Child</a>. Lamb resigned in 1982, and was replaced by Doug McDonald, whose tenure was criticized by animators such as <a href="/wiki/David_Fine_(filmmaker)" title="David Fine (filmmaker)">David Fine</a>'s statement that "Norman McLaren would be turning in his grave if he knew how the place was being run".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeardWhite200243;_61-106">[106]</a> Fox organized the Applebaum-Hébert Committee under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Applebaum" title="Louis Applebaum">Louis Applebaum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert_(French_politician)" title="Jacques Hébert (French politician)">Jacques Hébert</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991266-107">[107]</a> It was the first review of cultural institutions and policies since the Massey Commission.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The committee released its report on 15 November 1980, in which it called for the elimination of the government's role in producing and distributing cultural products and to instead give it to the private industry. They believed that the private industry could create an export market to compete with the United States.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991274-109">[109]</a> Fox later decided to allow the NFB continue producing content, but ended their involvement in sponsored content, along with their executive production of sponsored work given to private companies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991288-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macerola_administration">Macerola administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Macerola administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Domville suggested <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Watson_(producer)" title="Patrick Watson (producer)">Patrick Watson</a> as his successor and the board of governors accepted him, but Fox declined as he wanted his Film and Video Policy to be considered by the cabinet first. Macerola became the acting commissioner of the NFB. Watson was instead appointed to the board of governors and became president of the CBC in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991286-287-111">[111]</a> Macerola left the NFB six months before the expiration of his term in order to join <a href="/wiki/Lavalin" title="Lavalin">Lavalin</a> in December 1988, and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Pennefather" title="Joan Pennefather">Joan Pennefather</a> became the acting commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991313-112">[112]</a> Macerola oversaw a reorganization of the NFB which decreased its distribution offices from twenty-six to twelve and international offices to three.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991291-113">[113]</a> The NFB attempted to create a television channel in the 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Masse" title="Marcel Masse">Marcel Masse</a> gave them permission to attempt to create Young Canada Television (Tèlè-Jeunesse Canada), but the channel failed in June 1987, as the Department of Communications withdrew its financial support leading to the banks to also withdraw their support.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991294-114">[114]</a> Macerola's Five-Year Operational Plan saw the permanent staff of the NFB fall from 1,085 in 1982, to 728 in 1989, and the amount of work given to freelancers by 1986 was 67% for English productions and 57% for French productions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991310-311-115">[115]</a> The NFB was given a honorary Oscar at the <a href="/wiki/61st_Academy_Awards" title="61st Academy Awards">61st Academy Awards</a> in honour of its fiftieth anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991313-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pennefather_administration">Pennefather administration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pennefather administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1990, Wil Champbell and Roger Trottier asked Graydon McCrea about holding a meeting about the participation of <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people in the film industry. The NFB aided in the organization of the Aboriginal Film and Video Symposium in April 1991. The Aboriginal Film and Video Art Alliance (AFVAA) was formed as a result of this meeting. Studio One, meant for First Nations filmmakers, was formed on 9 June 1991, with a $250,000 budget and under McCrea's supervision. The studio's first film, Tlaxwes Wa: Strength of the River, was released in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeardWhite2002328;_331-332;_334-116">[116]</a> However, funding for the studio was ended on 31 March 1996.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Documentary">Documentary</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Documentary" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinéma_vérité_and_Direct_Cinema">Cinéma vérité and Direct Cinema</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cinéma vérité and Direct Cinema" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the post-war era, the NFB became a pioneer in new developments in <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a>. The NFB played a key role in both the <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">cinéma vérité</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Cinema">direct cinema</a> movements, working on technical innovations to make its 16 mm <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronized sound">synchronized sound</a> equipment more light-weight and portable—most notably the "Sprocketape" portable sound recorder invented for the film board by Ches Beachell in 1955. Influenced by the work of <a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartier-Bresson" title="Henri Cartier-Bresson">Henri Cartier-Bresson</a>, the NFB's Studio B production unit experimented with cinema verite in its 1958 <a href="/wiki/Candid_Eye" title="Candid Eye">Candid Eye</a> series. Candid Eye along with such NFB French-language films as <a href="/wiki/Les_Raquetteurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Raquetteurs">Les Raquetteurs</a> (1958) have been credited as helping to inspire the cinéma vérité documentary movement. Other key cinéma vérité films during this period included <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Boy_(film)" title="Lonely Boy (film)">Lonely Boy</a> (1961) and <a href="/wiki/Ladies_and_Gentlemen..._Mr._Leonard_Cohen" title="Ladies and Gentlemen... Mr. Leonard Cohen">Ladies and Gentlemen... Mr. Leonard Cohen</a> (1965).<a href="#cite_note-Aitken-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challenge_for_Change/Societé_Nouvelle">Challenge for Change/Societé Nouvelle</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Challenge for Change/Societé Nouvelle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Challenge_for_Change" title="Challenge for Change">Challenge for Change</a></div> Running from 1967 to 1980, Challenge for Change and its French-language equivalent Societé Nouvelle became a global model for the use of film and portable video technology to create community-based participatory documentary films to promote dialogue on local issues and promote social change. Over two hundred such films were produced, including 27 films about Fogo Island, Newfoundland, directed by <a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a> and early NFB efforts in Indigenous filmmaking, such as <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dunn" title="Willie Dunn">Willie Dunn</a>'s The Battle of Crowfoot (1968).<a href="#cite_note-Aitken-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Waugh-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indian_Film_Crew">Indian Film Crew</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Indian Film Crew" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Challenge_for_Change" title="Challenge for Change">Challenge for Change</a></div> The Indian Film Crew was an early effort in First Nations filmmaking at the NFB, through its <a href="/wiki/Challenge_for_Change" title="Challenge for Change">Challenge for Change</a> program, initially proposed by the associate director of the CYC, Jerry Gambill, according to Noel Starblanket. George Stoney was brought in as the first executive producer of Challenge for Change. It was jointly sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Company_of_Young_Canadians" title="Company of Young Canadians">Company of Young Canadians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Indian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Indian Affairs">Department of Indian Affairs</a>. Barbara Wilson, Tom O’Connor, <a href="/wiki/Noel_Starblanket" title="Noel Starblanket">Noel Starblanket</a>, Roy Daniels, Morris Isaac, Willie Dunn, and Mike Kanentakeron Mitchell were on Canada’s first all-Indigenous production unit, making groundbreaking work that helped galvanize Indigenous movements across the continent.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giant-screen_cinema">Giant-screen cinema</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Giant-screen cinema" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> NFB documentarians played a key role in the development of the <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> film format, following the NFB multi-screen experience <a href="/wiki/In_the_Labyrinth_(film)" title="In the Labyrinth (film)">In the Labyrinth</a>, created for <a href="/wiki/Expo_67" title="Expo 67">Expo 67</a> in Montreal. The film was the centrepiece of a $4.5 million pavilion, which attracted over 1.3 million visitors in 1967, and was co-directed by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Kroitor" title="Roman Kroitor">Roman Kroitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Connor_(filmmaker)" title="Hugh O'Connor (filmmaker)">Hugh O'Connor</a>, and produced by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Daly_(filmmaker)" title="Tom Daly (filmmaker)">Tom Daly</a> and Kroitor. After Expo, Kroitor left the NFB to co-found what would become known as <a href="/wiki/IMAX_Corporation" title="IMAX Corporation">IMAX Corporation</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Ferguson_(filmmaker)" title="Graeme Ferguson (filmmaker)">Graeme Ferguson</a> and Robert Kerr. The NFB continued to be involved with IMAX breakthroughs at subsequent world's fairs, with NFB director <a href="/wiki/Donald_Brittain" title="Donald Brittain">Donald Brittain</a> directing the first-ever IMAX film <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Child" title="Tiger Child">Tiger Child</a> for <a href="/wiki/Expo_70" class="mw-redirect" title="Expo 70">Expo 70</a> in Osaka, and with the NFB producing the first full-colour IMAX-3D film <a href="/wiki/Transitions_(film)" title="Transitions (film)">Transitions</a> for <a href="/wiki/Expo_86" title="Expo 86">Expo 86</a> in Vancouver and the first 48 fps IMAX HD film <a href="/wiki/Momentum_(IMAX_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Momentum (IMAX film)">Momentum</a> for <a href="/wiki/Seville_Expo_%2792" title="Seville Expo '92">Seville Expo '92</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_drama">Alternative drama</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Alternative drama" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the 1980s, the National Film Board also produced a number of "alternative drama" films, which combined documentary and narrative fiction filmmaking techniques.<a href="#cite_note-docufiction-122">[122]</a> Generally starring non-professional actors, these films used a documentary format to present a fictionalized story and were generally scripted by the filmmakers and the cast through a process of <a href="/wiki/Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvisation</a>, and are thus classified as <a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">docufiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-docufiction-122">[122]</a> The alternative drama films were <a href="/wiki/The_Masculine_Mystique" title="The Masculine Mystique">The Masculine Mystique</a> (1984), <a href="/wiki/90_Days_(film)" title="90 Days (film)">90 Days</a> (1985), <a href="/wiki/Sitting_in_Limbo_(1986_film)" title="Sitting in Limbo (1986 film)">Sitting in Limbo</a> (1986), <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Straw_(1987_film)" title="The Last Straw (1987 film)">The Last Straw</a> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Train_of_Dreams" title="Train of Dreams">Train of Dreams</a> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Canada" title="Welcome to Canada">Welcome to Canada</a> (1989) and <a href="/wiki/The_Company_of_Strangers" title="The Company of Strangers">The Company of Strangers</a> (1990).<a href="#cite_note-docufiction-122">[122]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Animation">Animation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg/170px-Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="789"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg/170px-Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg/255px-Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg/340px-Norman_McLaren_drawing_on_film_-_1944.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>McLaren drawing on film, 1944</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Film_Board_of_Canada_animated_short_films" title="Category:National Film Board of Canada animated short films">Category:National Film Board of Canada animated short films</a></div> When <a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a> joined the organization in 1941, the NFB began production of animation. The animation department eventually gained distinction, particularly with the pioneering work of McLaren, an internationally recognized <a href="/wiki/Experimental_filmmaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental filmmaker">experimental filmmaker</a>. The NFB's French-language animation unit was founded in 1966 by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Jodoin" title="René Jodoin">René Jodoin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Milligan-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drawn-on-film_animation">Drawn-on-film animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Drawn-on-film animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> When McLaren joined the NFB, his first film at the film board was the <a href="/wiki/Drawn-on-film_animation" title="Drawn-on-film animation">drawn-on-film</a> short, Mail Early. He would go on to refine his technique make a series of hand-drawn films at the NFB during and after the Second World War, most notably <a href="/wiki/Boogie-Doodle" title="Boogie-Doodle">Boogie-Doodle</a> (1940), <a href="/wiki/Hen_Hop" title="Hen Hop">Hen Hop</a> (1942), <a href="/wiki/Begone_Dull_Care" title="Begone Dull Care">Begone Dull Care</a> (1949) and <a href="/wiki/Blinkity_Blank" title="Blinkity Blank">Blinkity Blank</a> (1955).<a href="#cite_note-McWilliams-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinscreen_animation">Pinscreen animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pinscreen animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NFB was a pioneer in several novel techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Pinscreen_animation" title="Pinscreen animation">pinscreen animation</a>, and as of June 2012, the NFB is reported to have the only working animation pinscreen in the world.<a href="#cite_note-VarietyJune4-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stop-motion_animation">Stop-motion animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Stop-motion animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> McLaren's Oscar-winning <a href="/wiki/Neighbours_(1952_film)" title="Neighbours (1952 film)">Neighbours</a> popularized the form of character movement referred to as <a href="/wiki/Pixilation" title="Pixilation">pixilation</a>, a variant of <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a>. The term pixilation itself was created by NFB animator <a href="/wiki/Grant_Munro_(filmmaker)" title="Grant Munro (filmmaker)">Grant Munro</a> in an experimental film of the same name. In 2015, the NFB's animation studios were credited as helping to lead a revival in stop-motion animation in Canada, building on the tradition of NFB animators such as McLaren and <a href="/wiki/Co_Hoedeman" title="Co Hoedeman">Co Hoedeman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Doherty-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_animation">Computer animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Computer animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NFB was a pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer animation</a>, releasing one of the first CGI films, the Oscar-nominated <a href="/wiki/Hunger_(1974_film)" title="Hunger (1974 film)">Hunger</a>, in 1974, then forming its Centre d'animatique in 1980 to develop new CGI technologies.<a href="#cite_note-canstudies-127">[127]</a> Staff at the Centre d'animatique included <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Langlois" title="Daniel Langlois">Daniel Langlois</a>, who left in 1986 to form <a href="/wiki/Softimage_(company)" title="Softimage (company)">Softimage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Century-128">[128]</a> The NFB was licensed by <a href="/wiki/IMAX_Corporation" title="IMAX Corporation">IMAX Corporation</a> to develop new artistic applications using its <a href="/wiki/SANDDE" title="SANDDE">SANDDE</a> system for hand-drawn stereoscopic computer animation, with the NFB producing a number of films including <a href="/wiki/Falling_in_Love_Again_(2003_film)" title="Falling in Love Again (2003 film)">Falling in Love Again</a> (2003) and <a href="/wiki/Subconscious_Password" title="Subconscious Password">Subconscious Password</a> (2013).<a href="#cite_note-Giardina-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_animation">Traditional animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Traditional animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Traditional animators included <a href="/wiki/Richard_Condie" title="Richard Condie">Richard Condie</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Weldon_(animator)" title="John Weldon (animator)">John Weldon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison_Snowden" title="Alison Snowden">Alison Snowden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Perlman" title="Janet Perlman">Janet Perlman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Barker" title="Cordell Barker">Cordell Barker</a>, Brad Caslor, Michael Mills, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Driessen_(animator)" title="Paul Driessen (animator)">Paul Driessen</a> among others (some draw on paper rather than cels). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sand_animation">Sand animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sand animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Caroline Leaf used this technique on films such as The Metamorphosis Of Mr. Samsa and The Owl Who Married A Goose. <a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Castle_(film)" title="The Sand Castle (film)">The Sand Castle</a> was the first (and so far only) sand animation to win an Oscar. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paint_on_glass_animation">Paint on glass animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Paint on glass animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Wendy Tilby animated <a href="/wiki/Strings_(1991_film)" title="Strings (1991 film)">Strings</a> using paint (gouache mixed with glycerine) on glass. This ‘under the camera’ technique was invented and perfected by Caroline Leaf in her film <a href="/wiki/The_Street_(1976_film)" title="The Street (1976 film)">The Street</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Interactive">Interactive</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Interactive" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works">Works</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of March 2013, the NFB devotes one quarter of its production budget to <a href="/wiki/Interactive_media" title="Interactive media">interactive media</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Web_documentaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Web documentaries">web documentaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Deglise-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kristy_Hutter-131">[131]</a> The NFB is a pioneer in interactive web documentaries, helping to position Canada as a major player in digital storytelling, according to <a href="/wiki/Transmedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmedia">transmedia</a> creator Anita Ondine Smith,<a href="#cite_note-Vlessing-132">[132]</a> as well as Shari Frilot, programmer for <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a>'s New Frontier program for digital media.<a href="#cite_note-Monk2015-133">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> received two <a href="/wiki/Webby_Awards" title="Webby Awards">Webby Awards</a> while <a href="/wiki/Out_My_Window" class="mw-redirect" title="Out My Window">Out My Window</a>, an interactive project from the NFB's Highrise project, won the <a href="/wiki/International_Documentary_Film_Festival_Amsterdam#IDFA_DocLab_Award_for_Digital_Storytelling" title="International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam">IDFA DocLab Award for Digital Storytelling</a> and an <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Television_Arts_and_Sciences" title="International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences">International Digital Emmy Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cbcemmy-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rob_McLaughlin" title="Rob McLaughlin">Rob McLaughlin</a> is the executive producer responsible for NFB English-language digital content and strategy, based in the <a href="/wiki/Woodward%27s_Building" title="Woodward's Building">Woodward's Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>. Jeremy Mendes is an interactive artist producing English-language interactive works for the NFB, whose projects include a collaboration with Leanne Allison (<a href="/wiki/Being_Caribou" title="Being Caribou">Being Caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finding_Farley" title="Finding Farley">Finding Farley</a>) on the webdoc <a href="/wiki/Bear_71" title="Bear 71">Bear 71</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_Moakley-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Virtual_reality">Virtual reality</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Virtual reality" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NFB is also recognized as a leader in <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> with works such as the Webby Award-winning <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Photographer" title="The Unknown Photographer">The Unknown Photographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Way_to_Go_(interactive)" title="Way to Go (interactive)">Way to Go</a> and Cardboard Crash.<a href="#cite_note-Wong-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platforms">Platforms</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Platforms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In January 2009, the NFB launched its online Screening Room, NFB.ca, offering Canadian and international web users the ability to stream hundreds of NFB films for free as well as embed links in blogs and social sites.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> By mid-2013, the NFB's digital platforms had received approximately 41 million views.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-140">[140]</a> In October 2009, the NFB launched an <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> application that was downloaded more than 170,000 times and led to more than 500,000 film views in the first four months.<a href="#cite_note-Geist-141">[141]</a> In January 2010, the NFB added <a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">high-definition</a> and <a href="/wiki/3-D_film" class="mw-redirect" title="3-D film">3D</a> films to the over 1400 productions available for viewing online.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-142">[142]</a> The NFB introduced a free <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> application in July 2010,<a href="#cite_note-Broida-143">[143]</a> followed by its first app for the <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> platform in March 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Takeuchi-144">[144]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_PlayBook" title="BlackBerry PlayBook">BlackBerry PlayBook</a> launched on April 19, 2011, it included a pre-loaded app offering access to 1,500 NFB titles.<a href="#cite_note-Lau-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ora_Morison-146">[146]</a> In January 2013, it was announced that the NFB film app would be available for the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_World" title="BlackBerry World">BlackBerry World</a> app store.<a href="#cite_note-Summers-147">[147]</a> In September 2011, the NFB and the Montreal French-language daily <a href="/wiki/Le_Devoir" title="Le Devoir">Le Devoir</a> announced that they would jointly host three interactive essays on their websites, ONF.ca and ledevoir.com.<a href="#cite_note-devoir-148">[148]</a> The NFB is a partner with China's <a href="/wiki/Ifeng.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifeng.com">ifeng.com</a> on NFB Zone, the first Canadian-branded <a href="/wiki/Web_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Web television">web channel</a> in China, with 130 NFB animated shorts and documentary films available on the company's digital platforms.<a href="#cite_note-Variety_China-149">[149]</a> NFB documentaries are also available on <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Spangler-150">[150]</a> In April 2013, the NFB announced that it was "seeking commercial partners to establish a subscription service for Internet television and mobile platforms next year. The service would be available internationally and would feature documentaries from around the world as well as the NFB’s own catalogue."<a href="#cite_note-Taylornetflix-151">[151]</a> As of April 2015, NFB.ca offered VOD films from partners <a href="/wiki/Excentris" title="Excentris">Excentris</a> and First Weekend Club along with NFB productions, with over 450 English and French VOD titles scheduled to be added in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Indigenous_production">Indigenous production</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Indigenous production" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> On June 20, 2017, the NFB announced a three-year plan entitled "Redefining the NFB's Relationship with Indigenous Peoples" that commits the organization to hiring more Indigenous staff, designating 15% of its production spending for Indigenous works and offering cross-cultural training to all employees. The plan also sees the NFB building on its relationships with Canadian schools and organizations to create more educational materials about Indigenous peoples in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> One of the most notable filmmakers in the history of the NFB is <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Obomsawin" title="Alanis Obomsawin">Alanis Obomsawin</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Abenaki_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Abenaki people">Abenaki</a> director who will be completing her 50th film with the NFB in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Brownstein-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programs">Programs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Programs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> One of the earliest programs were the Indian Film Crews (1968–1970, 1971–1973) under the <a href="/wiki/Challenge_for_Change" title="Challenge for Change">Challenge for Change</a> program, also mentioned above. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inuit_film_and_animation">Inuit film and animation</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Inuit film and animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In November 2011, the NFB and partners including the Inuit Relations Secretariat and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nunavut" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Nunavut">Government of Nunavut</a> introduced a DVD and online collection entitled <a href="/wiki/Unikkausivut:_Sharing_Our_Stories" title="Unikkausivut: Sharing Our Stories">Unikkausivut: Sharing Our Stories</a>, makes over 100 NFB films by and about <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> available in <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a> and other Inuit languages, as well as English and French.<a href="#cite_note-Unikkausivut-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nunatsiaq-157">[157]</a> In November 2006, the National Film Board of Canada and the <a href="/wiki/Inuit_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Inuit Broadcasting Corporation">Inuit Broadcasting Corporation</a> announced the start of the Nunavut Animation Lab, offering animation training to Nunavut artists.<a href="#cite_note-George-158">[158]</a> Films from the Nunavut Animation Lab include <a href="/wiki/Alethea_Arnaquq-Baril" title="Alethea Arnaquq-Baril">Alethea Arnaquq-Baril</a>'s 2010 digital animation short Lumaajuuq, winner of the Best Aboriginal Award at the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Sheaf_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Sheaf Awards">Golden Sheaf Awards</a> and named Best Canadian Short Drama at the <a href="/wiki/ImagineNATIVE_Film_%2B_Media_Arts_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="ImagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival">imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nfb_coll-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Stories_and_Second_Stories">First Stories and Second Stories</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: First Stories and Second Stories" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2005, the NFB introduced its "First Stories" program for emerging Indigenous directors from Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Twelve five-minute films were produced through the program, with four from each province. First Stories was followed by "Second Stories," in which three filmmakers from the previous program—<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Auger" title="Gerald Auger">Gerald Auger</a>, Tessa Desnomie and Lorne Olson—were invited back to create 20 minute films.<a href="#cite_note-Knopf-160">[160]</a><<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wapikoni_Mobile">Wapikoni Mobile</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Wapikoni Mobile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NFB was a founding partner in <a href="/wiki/Wapikoni_Mobile" title="Wapikoni Mobile">Wapikoni Mobile</a>, a mobile film and media production unit for emerging First Nations filmmakers in Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Women's_production">Women's production</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Women's production" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The NFB has been a leader in films by women, with the world's first publicly funded women's film's studio, Studio D, followed subsequently by its French-language equivalent, Studio des femmes.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Beginning on March 8, 2016, <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a>, the NFB began introducing a series of gender parity initiatives. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studio_D">Studio D</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Studio D" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Studio_D" title="Studio D">Studio D</a></div> In 1974, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Year" title="International Women's Year">International Women's Year</a>, the NFB created Studio D on the recommendation of long-time employee <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon" title="Kathleen Shannon">Kathleen Shannon</a>. Shannon was designated as Executive Director of the new studio—the first government-funded film studio dedicated to women filmmakers in the world—which became one of the NFB's most celebrated filmmaking units, winning awards and breaking distribution records.<a href="#cite_note-Aitken-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Screen_legend-165">[165]</a> Notable films produced by the studio include three Academy Award-winning documentaries <a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Find_a_Way" title="I'll Find a Way">I'll Find a Way</a> (1977), <a href="/wiki/If_You_Love_This_Planet" title="If You Love This Planet">If You Love This Planet</a> (1982) and <a href="/wiki/Flamenco_at_5:15" title="Flamenco at 5:15">Flamenco at 5:15</a> (1983), as well as <a href="/wiki/Not_a_Love_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="Not a Love Story">Not a Love Story</a> (1982) and <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Love:_The_Unashamed_Stories_of_Lesbian_Lives" title="Forbidden Love: The Unashamed Stories of Lesbian Lives">Forbidden Love: The Unashamed Stories of Lesbian Lives</a> (1992). Studio D was shut down in 1996, amidst a sweeping set of federal government budget cuts, which impacted the NFB as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-Aitken-118">[118]</a> As of March 8, 2016, researchers and librarians at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a> announced an archival project to preserve records of Studio D.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_parity_initiatives">Gender parity initiatives</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Gender parity initiatives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On March 8, 2016, NFB head <a href="/wiki/Claude_Joli-Coeur" title="Claude Joli-Coeur">Claude Joli-Coeur</a> announced a new gender-parity initiative, with the NFB committing that half of all its production spending will be earmarked for films directed by women.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor_March_8-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The following year, the NFB announced that it also plans to achieve gender balance by 2020 in such creative positions as editing, scriptwriting, musical composition, cinematography and artistic direction. As of 2017, 53% of its producers and executive producers are women, as well as half of its administrative council.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> While it is claiming success, directing credits and budget shares have barely changed. In 2016–2017, 44 per cent of NFB productions were directed by women (compared to 51 per cent directed by men and five per cent by mixed teams). Budget-wise, 43 per cent of production funds were given to projects led by women (vs. 40 per cent to projects directed by men and 15 per cent to ones overseen by mixed teams).<a href="#cite_note-:0-171">[171]</a> In 2018–2019, 48% of NFB works were directed by women (38% by men and 14% by mixed teams), and 44% of the NFB production budget was allocated to works created by women (41% for works by men and 15% for works by mixed teams).<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Production personnel are between 10 and 25%.<a href="#cite_note-:0-171">[171]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Training">Training</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Training" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> NFB training programs include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation_2">Animation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Animation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Hothouse, a program for emerging animators that marked its tenth anniversary in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-McLean-173">[173]</a> Notable Hothouse alumni include Academy Award nominee <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Doyon" title="Patrick Doyon">Patrick Doyon</a>, part of its 2006 edition.<a href="#cite_note-Wyatt-174">[174]</a> Cinéaste recherché(e) is a similar program for French-language emerging animators. Past graduates include <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Cournoyer" title="Michèle Cournoyer">Michèle Cournoyer</a>, who took part in the program's 9th edition in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-Morin-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical_documentaries">Theatrical documentaries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Theatrical documentaries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> A collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Film_Centre" title="Canadian Film Centre">Canadian Film Centre</a> on a theatrical documentary development program. First launched in January 2009, the program has led to the production of <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Polley" title="Sarah Polley">Sarah Polley</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Stories_We_Tell" title="Stories We Tell">Stories We Tell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yung_Chang" title="Yung Chang">Yung Chang</a>‘s <a href="/wiki/The_Fruit_Hunters" title="The Fruit Hunters">The Fruit Hunters</a> and Su Rynard’s The Messenger. In May 2015, the CFC and NFB announced a new version of the program entitled the NFB/CFC Creative Doc Lab.<a href="#cite_note-Ravindran-176">[176]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches_and_studios">Branches and studios</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Branches and studios" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of 2015, the NFB is organized along the following branches:<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <ul><li>Director General, Creation and Innovation: René Bourdages.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The heads of the NFB's English and French production branches are Michelle van Beusekom and Michèle Bélanger, respectively.</li> <li>Finance, Operations and Technology: Director General: Luisa Frate</li> <li>Marketing and Communications: Director General: Jérôme Dufour</li> <li>Human Resources: Director General: François Tremblay</li></ul> With six regional studios in English Program: <ul><li>Digital Studio in Vancouver, headed by Executive Producer <a href="/wiki/Rob_McLaughlin" title="Rob McLaughlin">Rob McLaughlin</a></li> <li>Animation Studio based in Montreal, headed by Executive Producer Michael Fukushima<a href="#cite_note-Fukushima-179">[179]</a> and Producers Maral Mohammadian and Jelena Popović<a href="#cite_note-new_producers-180">[180]</a></li> <li>Atlantic Centre based in Halifax, headed by Executive Producer John Christou and Producer Paul McNeill</li> <li>Quebec Centre based in Montreal, also headed by Executive Producer John Christou</li> <li>Ontario Centre based in Toronto, headed by Executive Producer Anita Lee<a href="#cite_note-lee-181">[181]</a> and Producer Lea Marin</li> <li>North West Centre based in Edmonton, headed by Executive Producer <a href="/wiki/David_Christensen" title="David Christensen">David Christensen</a> and Producer Bonnie Thompson</li> <li>BC & Yukon Studio based in Vancouver, headed by Executive Producer Shirley Vercruysse.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li>With small satellite offices in Winnipeg and St. John's.<a href="#cite_note-Cory-183">[183]</a></li></ul> And four regional studios in French Program: <ul><li>Interactive Studio in Montreal, headed by Executive Producer <a href="/wiki/Hugues_Sweeney" title="Hugues Sweeney">Hugues Sweeney</a></li> <li>Ontario and West Studio based in Toronto, headed by Executive Producer: Jacques Turgeon</li> <li>Quebec Studio based in Montreal, also headed by Executive Producer: Jacques Turgeon</li> <li>French Animation and Youth Studio based in Montreal, headed by Executive Producer: <a href="/wiki/Julie_Roy" title="Julie Roy">Julie Roy</a> and Producer: Marc Bertrand<a href="#cite_note-new_producers-180">[180]</a></li> <li>Studio Acadie/Acadia Studio based in Moncton, headed by Executive Producer: Jacques Turgeon and Producer: Maryse Chapdelaine</li> <li>René Chénier, formerly head of French Animation, is Executive Producer of Special Projects<a href="#cite_note-new_producers-180">[180]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_studios_and_departments">Former studios and departments</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Former studios and departments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Still_Photography_Division">Still Photography Division</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Still Photography Division" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Upon its merger with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Government_Motion_Picture_Bureau" title="Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau">Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau</a> in 1941, the NFB's mandate expanded to include motion as well as still pictures, resulting in the creation of the Still Photography Division of the NFB. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cinema_ONF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cinema_ONF.JPG/220px-Cinema_ONF.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cinema_ONF.JPG/220px-Cinema_ONF.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cinema_ONF.JPG/330px-Cinema_ONF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cinema_ONF.JPG/440px-Cinema_ONF.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Montreal CineRobotheque, July 2008.</figcaption></figure> From 1941 to 1984, the division commissioned freelance photographers to document every aspect of life in Canada. These images were widely distributed through publication in various media. In 1985, this division officially became the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_Contemporary_Photography" title="Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography">Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The division's work is the subject of a 2013 book by <a href="/wiki/Carleton_University" title="Carleton University">Carleton University</a> art professor Carol Payne entitled The Official Picture: The National Film Board of Canada’s Still Photography Division and the Image of Canada, 1941-1971, published by the <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Facilities_in_Montreal_and_Toronto">Facilities in Montreal and Toronto</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Facilities in Montreal and Toronto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As part of the 2012 budget cuts, the NFB announced that it was forced to close its Toronto Mediatheque and Montreal CineRobotheque public facilities.<a href="#cite_note-cbccuts-186">[186]</a> They ceased to operate as of September 1, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-nfbcutresponse-187">[187]</a> In September 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université du Québec à Montréal">Université du Québec à Montréal</a> announced that it had acquired the CineRobotheque for its communications faculty.<a href="#cite_note-L%C3%A9vesque-188">[188]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="People">People</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: People" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Film_Board_of_Canada_people" title="Category:National Film Board of Canada people">Category:National Film Board of Canada people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_Film_Commissioners">Government Film Commissioners</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Government Film Commissioners" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As stipulated in the National Film Act of 1950, the person who holds the position of Government Film Commissioner is the head of the NFB. As of December 2014, the 16th commissioner of the NFB is <a href="/wiki/Claude_Joli-Coeur" title="Claude Joli-Coeur">Claude Joli-Coeur</a>, who first joined the NFB in 2003 and had previously served as interim commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-Houpt-189">[189]</a> <dl><dt>Past NFB Commissioners</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Grierson" title="John Grierson">John Grierson</a>, 1939–1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_McLean_(civil_servant)" title="Ross McLean (civil servant)">Ross McLean</a>, 1945–1947 (interim), 1947–1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Arthur_Irwin" title="William Arthur Irwin">W. Arthur Irwin</a>, 1950–1953</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Trueman" title="Albert Trueman">Albert W. Trueman</a>, 1953–1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Roberge" title="Guy Roberge">Guy Roberge</a>, 1957–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_McLean_(film_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant McLean (film producer)">Grant McLean</a>, 1966–1967 (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_McPherson" title="Hugo McPherson">Hugo McPherson</a>, 1967–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Newman" title="Sydney Newman">Sydney Newman</a>, 1970–1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lamy" title="André Lamy">André Lamy</a>, 1975–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_de_Beaujeu_Domville" title="James de Beaujeu Domville">James de Beaujeu Domville</a>, 1979–1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_N._Macerola" title="François N. Macerola">François N. Macerola</a>, 1984–1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Pennefather" title="Joan Pennefather">Joan Pennefather</a>, 1988–1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_M._Macdonald" title="Sandra M. Macdonald">Sandra M. Macdonald</a>, 1995–2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bensimon" title="Jacques Bensimon">Jacques Bensimon</a>, 2001–2006<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perlmutter" title="Tom Perlmutter">Tom Perlmutter</a>, 2007 to 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Punter-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC2ndterm-192">[192]</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Notable NFB filmmakers, artisans and staff</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Brittain" title="Donald Brittain">Donald Brittain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Condie" title="Richard Condie">Richard Condie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Grierson" title="John Grierson">John Grierson</a>, NFB founder</li> <li>Guy Glover, producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co_Hoedeman" title="Co Hoedeman">Co Hoedeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Jodoin" title="René Jodoin">René Jodoin</a>, French animation founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalle_Lasn" title="Kalle Lasn">Kalle Lasn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lipsett" title="Arthur Lipsett">Arthur Lipsett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mason" title="Bill Mason">Bill Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>, animation founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Munro_(filmmaker)" title="Grant Munro (filmmaker)">Grant Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanis_Obomsawin" title="Alanis Obomsawin">Alanis Obomsawin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Parker" title="Gudrun Parker">Gudrun Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishu_Patel" title="Ishu Patel">Ishu Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldon_Rathburn" title="Eldon Rathburn">Eldon Rathburn</a>, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Macartney-Filgate" title="Terence Macartney-Filgate">Terence Macartney-Filgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Marcel Carrière">Marcel Carrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daly_(filmmaker)" title="Tom Daly (filmmaker)">Tom Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kroitor" title="Roman Kroitor">Roman Kroitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Koenig" title="Wolf Koenig">Wolf Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Larkin" title="Ryan Larkin">Ryan Larkin</a></li> <li>Tanya Ballantyne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Claire_Poirier" title="Anne Claire Poirier">Anne Claire Poirier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Greaves" title="William Greaves">William Greaves</a></li> <li>Stanley Jackson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyce_Richardson" title="Boyce Richardson">Boyce Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spencer_(producer)" title="Michael Spencer (producer)">Michael Spencer</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television_awards">Film and television awards</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Film and television awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Over the years, the NFB has been internationally recognized with more than 5000 film awards.<a href="#cite_note-awards-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-awards2-194">[194]</a> In 2009, Norman McLaren's <a href="/wiki/Neighbours_(1952_film)" title="Neighbours (1952 film)">Neighbours</a> was added to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Programme" title="Memory of the World Programme">Memory of the World Programme</a>, listing the most significant documentary heritage collections in the world.<a href="#cite_note-unesco-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadian_Screen_Awards">Canadian Screen Awards</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Canadian Screen Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NFB has received more than 90 awards from the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Film_Awards" title="Canadian Film Awards">Canadian Film Awards</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Genie_Awards" title="Genie Awards">Genie Awards</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards" title="Canadian Screen Awards">Canadian Screen Awards</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Special_Achievement_Genie" title="Special Achievement Genie">Special Achievement Genie</a> in 1989 for its 50th anniversary. The following is an incomplete list: Winners: <ul><li>1970 Best Public Affairs Film: A Little Fellow From Gambo: The Joey Smallwood Story</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/7th_Genie_Awards" title="7th Genie Awards">7th Genie Awards</a>, Best Animated Short: The Big Snit, (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Condie" title="Richard Condie">Richard Condie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._F._Scott" title="Michael J. F. Scott">Michael Scott</a>)</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/8th_Genie_Awards" title="8th Genie Awards">8th Genie Awards</a>, Best Animated Short: <a href="/wiki/Get_a_Job_(1985_film)" title="Get a Job (1985 film)">Get a Job</a> (Brad Caslor, Michael Scott and Derek Mazur)</li> <li>1986 Best Feature Length Documentary: <a href="/wiki/Final_Offer" title="Final Offer">Final Offer</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/10th_Genie_Awards" title="10th Genie Awards">10th Genie Awards</a>, Best Animated Short: The Cat Came Back, (<a href="/wiki/Cordell_Barker" title="Cordell Barker">Cordell Barker</a> and Richard Condie)</li></ul> Nominated: <ul><li>1982: <a href="/wiki/3rd_Genie_Awards" title="3rd Genie Awards">3rd Genie Awards</a>, Top Priority, (<a href="/wiki/Ishu_Patel" title="Ishu Patel">Ishu Patel</a>)</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/7th_Genie_Awards" title="7th Genie Awards">7th Genie Awards</a>, Paradise/Paradis, (<a href="/wiki/Ishu_Patel" title="Ishu Patel">Ishu Patel</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academy_Awards">Academy Awards</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Academy Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The National Film Board of Canada has received 12 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> to date. It has received 74 Oscar nominations, more than any film organization in the world outside Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-Knelman-196">[196]</a> The first-ever Oscar for documentary went to the NFB production, <a href="/wiki/Churchill%27s_Island" title="Churchill's Island">Churchill's Island</a>. In 1989, it received an Honorary Award from the Academy "in recognition of its 50th anniversary and its dedicated commitment to originate artistic, creative and technological activity and excellence in every area of filmmaking."<a href="#cite_note-honorary-197">[197]</a> On January 23, 2007, the NFB received its 12th and most recent Academy Award, for the animated short <a href="/wiki/The_Danish_Poet" title="The Danish Poet">The Danish Poet</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Torill_Kove" title="Torill Kove">Torill Kove</a> and co-produced with MikroFilm AS (Norway).<a href="#cite_note-Ayscough-198">[198]</a> 55 of the NFB's 75 Oscar nominations have been for its short films.<a href="#cite_note-Mayer-199">[199]</a> Winners: <ul><li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short Subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/Churchill%27s_Island" title="Churchill's Island">Churchill's Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stuart_Legg" title="Stuart Legg">Stuart Legg</a>)</li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short Subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neighbours_(1952_film)" title="Neighbours (1952 film)">Neighbours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>)</li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Castle_(film)" title="The Sand Castle (film)">The Sand Castle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Co_Hoedeman" title="Co Hoedeman">Co Hoedeman</a>)<a href="#cite_note-1978%7COscars.org-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-Short_Film_Winners:_1978_Oscars-210">[210]</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Find_a_Way" title="I'll Find a Way">I'll Find a Way</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beverly_Shaffer" title="Beverly Shaffer">Beverly Shaffer</a>)<a href="#cite_note-1978%7COscars.org-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-Short_Film_Winners:_1978_Oscars-210">[210]</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_Delivery_(animated_short)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Delivery (animated short)">Special Delivery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eunice_Macaulay" title="Eunice Macaulay">Eunice Macaulay</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Weldon_(animator)" title="John Weldon (animator)">John Weldon</a>)<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Every_Child_(film)" title="Every Child (film)">Every Child</a> (Eugene Fedorenko)<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short Subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/If_You_Love_This_Planet" title="If You Love This Planet">If You Love This Planet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terri_Nash" class="mw-redirect" title="Terri Nash">Terri Nash</a>)<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short Subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flamenco_at_5:15" title="Flamenco at 5:15">Flamenco at 5:15</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Scott" title="Cynthia Scott">Cynthia Scott</a>)</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> – National Film Board<a href="#cite_note-honorary-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob%27s_Birthday" title="Bob's Birthday">Bob's Birthday</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Alison_Snowden" title="Alison Snowden">Alison Snowden</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Fine_(filmmaker)" title="David Fine (filmmaker)">David Fine</a>)<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_(film)" title="Ryan (film)">Ryan</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Chris_Landreth" title="Chris Landreth">Chris Landreth</a>)<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Danish_Poet" title="The Danish Poet">The Danish Poet</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Torill_Kove" title="Torill Kove">Torill Kove</a>)<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li></ul> Nominated: (incomplete list) <ul><li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warclouds_in_the_Pacific" title="Warclouds in the Pacific">Warclouds in the Pacific</a> (Stuart Legg)</li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inside_Fighting_China" title="Inside Fighting China">Inside Fighting China</a> (Stuart Legg)</li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rising_Tide_(film)" title="The Rising Tide (film)">The Rising Tide</a> (Jean Palardy)</li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fight:_Science_Against_Cancer" title="The Fight: Science Against Cancer">The Fight: Science Against Cancer</a> (Morten Parker)</li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Romance_of_Transportation_in_Canada" title="The Romance of Transportation in Canada">The Romance of Transportation in Canada</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com2-230">[230]</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neighbours_(1952_film)" title="Neighbours (1952 film)">Neighbours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>)</li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herring_Hunt" title="Herring Hunt">Herring Hunt</a> (Julian Biggs)</li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary">Best Documentary Feature</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Stratford_Adventure" title="The Stratford Adventure">The Stratford Adventure</a> (Morten Parker)</li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Chairy_Tale" title="A Chairy Tale">A Chairy Tale</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jutra" title="Claude Jutra">Claude Jutra</a>)</li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Gold_(1957_film)" title="City of Gold (1957 film)">City of Gold</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Koenig" title="Wolf Koenig">Wolf Koenig</a>)</li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overture_(1958_film)" title="Overture (1958 film)">Overture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gian_Luigi_Polidoro" title="Gian Luigi Polidoro">Gian Luigi Polidoro</a>)</li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Living_Stone" title="The Living Stone">The Living Stone</a> (John Feeney)</li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universe_(1960_film)" title="Universe (1960 film)">Universe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Kroitor" title="Roman Kroitor">Roman Kroitor</a>)</li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Very_Nice,_Very_Nice" title="Very Nice, Very Nice">Very Nice, Very Nice</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lipsett" title="Arthur Lipsett">Arthur Lipsett</a>)</li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Financial_Career" title="My Financial Career">My Financial Career</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Potterton" title="Gerald Potterton">Gerald Potterton</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com26-229">[229]</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Cracker_(film)" title="Christmas Cracker (film)">Christmas Cracker</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>, Jeff Hale, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Potterton" title="Gerald Potterton">Gerald Potterton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grant_Munro_(filmmaker)" title="Grant Munro (filmmaker)">Grant Munro</a>)<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskimo_Artist:_Kenojuak" title="Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak">Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Feeney_(filmmaker)" title="John Feeney (filmmaker)">John Feeney</a>)</li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Drag_(film)" title="The Drag (film)">The Drag</a>, (Carlos Marchiori; prod. <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Koenig" title="Wolf Koenig">Wolf Koenig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Verrall" title="Robert Verrall">Robert Verrall</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com11-227">[227]</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary">Best Documentary Feature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_Canada" title="Helicopter Canada">Helicopter Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eugene_Boyko" title="Eugene Boyko">Eugene Boyko</a>)</li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/What_on_Earth!_(film)" title="What on Earth! (film)">What on Earth!</a>, (Les Drew and <a href="/wiki/Kaj_Pindal" title="Kaj Pindal">Kaj Pindal</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com12-226">[226]</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paddle_to_the_Sea" title="Paddle to the Sea">Paddle to the Sea</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Mason" title="Bill Mason">Bill Mason</a>)</li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_House_That_Jack_Built_(1967_film)" title="The House That Jack Built (1967 film)">The House That Jack Built</a>, (Ron Tunis)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com13-225">[225]</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walking_(1968_film)" title="Walking (1968 film)">Walking</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Ryan_Larkin" title="Ryan Larkin">Ryan Larkin</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com14-224">[224]</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blake_(film)" title="Blake (film)">Blake</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Mason" title="Bill Mason">Bill Mason</a>)</li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolution_(1971_film)" title="Evolution (1971 film)">Evolution</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Mills_(animator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Mills (animator)">Michael Mills</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com16-223">[223]</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunger_(1974_film)" title="Hunger (1974 film)">Hunger</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Foldes" title="Peter Foldes">Peter Foldes</a>; prod. René Jodoin)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com19-222">[222]</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Family_That_Dwelt_Apart" title="The Family That Dwelt Apart">The Family That Dwelt Apart</a>, (Yvon Mallette)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com19-222">[222]</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Pointu_(film)" title="Monsieur Pointu (film)">Monsieur Pointu</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bernard_Longpr%C3%A9" title="Bernard Longpré">Bernard Longpré</a> and André Leduc; prod. <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Jodoin" title="René Jodoin">René Jodoin</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com30-221">[221]</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Street_(1976_film)" title="The Street (1976 film)">The Street</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Caroline_Leaf" title="Caroline Leaf">Caroline Leaf</a> and Guy Glover)<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary">Best Documentary Feature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcano:_An_Inquiry_Into_the_Life_and_Death_of_Malcolm_Lowry" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcano: An Inquiry Into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry">Volcano: An Inquiry Into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Brittain" title="Donald Brittain">Donald Brittain</a> and John Kramer)</li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bead_Game" title="Bead Game">Bead Game</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Ishu_Patel" title="Ishu Patel">Ishu Patel</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com21-218">[218]</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary">Best Documentary Feature</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Grass_Circus" title="High Grass Circus">High Grass Circus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianzelo" title="Tony Ianzelo">Tony Ianzelo</a> and Torben Schioler)</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nails_(1979_film)" title="Nails (1979 film)">Nails</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phillip_Borsos" title="Phillip Borsos">Phillip Borsos</a>)</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary">Best Documentary Feature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Going_the_Distance_(1979_film)" title="Going the Distance (1979 film)">Going the Distance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Cowan_(filmmaker)" title="Paul Cowan (filmmaker)">Paul Cowan</a>)</li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tender_Tale_of_Cinderella_Penguin" title="The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin">The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Janet_Perlman" title="Janet Perlman">Janet Perlman</a>)</li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a>, First Winter (<a href="/wiki/John_N._Smith" title="John N. Smith">John N. Smith</a>)</li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary">Best Documentary Feature</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Profession_of_Arms_(1983_film)" title="The Profession of Arms (1983 film)">The Profession of Arms</a> (Michael Bryans, Tina Viljoen)</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, Paradise/Paradis, (<a href="/wiki/Ishu_Patel" title="Ishu Patel">Ishu Patel</a>)<a href="#cite_note-cartoonresearch.com34-217">[217]</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Snit" title="The Big Snit">The Big Snit</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Condie" title="Richard Condie">Richard Condie</a>)</li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_and_Rosemary" title="George and Rosemary">George and Rosemary</a>, (Alison Snowden and <a href="/wiki/David_Fine_(filmmaker)" title="David Fine (filmmaker)">David Fine</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Oscars1988-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cat_Came_Back_(Cartoon)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cat Came Back (Cartoon)">The Cat Came Back</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Cordell_Barker" title="Cordell Barker">Cordell Barker</a>)</li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Language Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Montreal" title="Jesus of Montreal">Jesus of Montreal</a>, (Denys Arcand)</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackfly_(film)" title="Blackfly (film)">Blackfly</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hinton_(animator)" title="Christopher Hinton (animator)">Christopher Hinton</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Short_Film_Winners:_1992_Oscars-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-1992%7COscars.org-214">[214]</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strings_(1991_film)" title="Strings (1991 film)">Strings</a>, (Wendy Tilby)<a href="#cite_note-Short_Film_Winners:_1992_Oscars-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-1992%7COscars.org-214">[214]</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Colours_of_My_Father:_A_Portrait_of_Sam_Borenstein" title="The Colours of My Father: A Portrait of Sam Borenstein">The Colours of My Father: A Portrait of Sam Borenstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joyce_Borenstein" title="Joyce Borenstein">Joyce Borenstein</a>)</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Salla" title="La Salla">La Salla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Condie" title="Richard Condie">Richard Condie</a>)</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject">Best Documentary Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Over_Tiananmen_Square" title="Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square">Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square</a> (Shui-Bo Wang)</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Grandmother_Ironed_the_King%27s_Shirts" title="My Grandmother Ironed the King's Shirts">My Grandmother Ironed the King's Shirts</a> (Torill Kove)<a href="#cite_note-Animated_Short_Winner:_2000_Oscars-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-2000%7COscars.org-212">[212]</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/When_the_Day_Breaks" title="When the Day Breaks">When the Day Breaks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wendy_Tilby_and_Amanda_Forbis" title="Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis">Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Animated_Short_Winner:_2000_Oscars-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-2000%7COscars.org-212">[212]</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strange_Invaders_(2002_film)" title="Strange Invaders (2002 film)">Strange Invaders</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Cordell_Barker" title="Cordell Barker">Cordell Barker</a>)</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tutli-Putli" title="Madame Tutli-Putli">Madame Tutli-Putli</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Clyde_Henry_Productions" title="Clyde Henry Productions">Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski</a>)</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunday_(2011_film)" title="Sunday (2011 film)">Sunday</a> (Dimanche), (<a href="/wiki/Patrick_Doyon" title="Patrick Doyon">Patrick Doyon</a>)</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(2011_film)" title="Wild Life (2011 film)">Wild Life</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Wendy_Tilby_and_Amanda_Forbis" title="Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis">Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis</a>).</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Me_and_My_Moulton" title="Me and My Moulton">Me and My Moulton</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Torill_Kove" title="Torill Kove">Torill Kove</a>)</li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blind_Vaysha" title="Blind Vaysha">Blind Vaysha</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Ushev" title="Theodore Ushev">Theodore Ushev</a>)</li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Best Animated Short Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_Behaviour_(film)" title="Animal Behaviour (film)">Animal Behaviour</a>, (Alison Snowden and David Fine).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Golden_Sheaf_Awards">Golden Sheaf Awards</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Golden Sheaf Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NFB has received more than 110 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Sheaf_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Sheaf Awards">Golden Sheaf Awards</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival" title="Yorkton Film Festival">Yorkton Film Festival</a>. The following is an incomplete list of the winners. Winners: <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universe_(1960_film)" title="Universe (1960 film)">Universe</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Kroitor" title="Roman Kroitor">Roman Kroitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a>)</li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, The Edge of the Barrens, (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalton_Muir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalton Muir (page does not exist)">Dalton Muir</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_Muir" class="extiw" title="fr:Dalton Muir">fr</a>])</li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paddle_to_the_Sea" title="Paddle to the Sea">Paddle to the Sea</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Mason" title="Bill Mason">Bill Mason</a>)</li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux_(film)" title="Pas de deux (film)">Pas de deux</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>)</li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blake_(film)" title="Blake (film)">Blake</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Mason" title="Bill Mason">Bill Mason</a>); Best Social Film; <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Mason" title="Bill Mason">Bill Mason</a>)</li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, Man Who Chooses the Bush, (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Radford" title="Tom Radford">Tom Radford</a>); Best Documentary; <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Radford" title="Tom Radford">Tom Radford</a>); Best Cinematography (Tony Westman)</li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Hunger / La Faim, (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Foldes" title="Peter Foldes">Peter Foldes</a>)</li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a>, Man Who Chooses the Bush, (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Radford" title="Tom Radford">Tim Radford</a>)</li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Grass_Circus" title="High Grass Circus">High Grass Circus</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianzelo" title="Tony Ianzelo">Tony Ianzelo</a>)</li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindscape_(1976_film)" title="Mindscape (1976 film)">Mindscape</a> (Le paysagiste), (<a href="/wiki/Jacques_Drouin" title="Jacques Drouin">Jacques Drouin</a>)</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Blowhard, (Brad Caslor, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hinton_(animator)" title="Christopher Hinton (animator)">Christopher Hinton</a>)</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a>, Travel Log, (Donald Winkler)</li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction (film)</a>, <a href="/wiki/After_the_Axe" title="After the Axe">After the Axe</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Sturla_Gunnarsson" title="Sturla Gunnarsson">Sturla Gunnarsson</a>)</li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction (Film)</a>, End Game in Paris, (Veronika Soul); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a> (Veronika Soul)</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, The Boy and the Snow Goose / Le Petit Garçon et l'Oie des neiges, (Gayle Thomas)</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(1983_film)" title="Narcissus (1983 film)">Narcissus</a> / Narcisse, (<a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a>)</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, Ikwe, (<a href="/wiki/Norma_Bailey" title="Norma Bailey">Norma Bailey</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Drama">Best Drama Over 30 Minutes</a>; Best Script (<a href="/wiki/Wendy_Lill" title="Wendy Lill">Wendy Lill</a>); Best Editing (<a href="/wiki/Lara_Mazur" title="Lara Mazur">Lara Mazur</a>)</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a>, Sonia, (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Baillargeon" title="Paul Baillargeon">Paul Baillargeon</a>)</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Drama">Best Drama Under 30 Minutes</a>, The Concert Stages of Europe, (<a href="/wiki/Giles_Walker" title="Giles Walker">Giles Walker</a>)</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, Foster Child, (<a href="/wiki/Gil_Cardinal" title="Gil Cardinal">Gil Cardinal</a>); Best Documentary Over 30 Minutes; NFB <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Shannon Award">Kathleen Shannon Award</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, L'emprise, (<a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a>)</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Planted_Trees_(film)" title="The Man Who Planted Trees (film)">The Man Who Planted Trees / L'homme qui plantait des arbres</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Back" title="Frédéric Back">Frédéric Back</a>)</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Shannon Award">Kathleen Shannon Award</a> <a href="/wiki/Foster_Child_(2007_film)" title="Foster Child (2007 film)">Foster Child</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Gil_Cardinal" title="Gil Cardinal">Gil Cardinal</a>)</li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Defender_(1989_film)" title="The Defender (1989 film)">The Defender</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Stephen Low (filmmaker)">Stephen Low</a>); Best Cinematography/Videography (Charles Konowal); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Stephen Low (filmmaker)">Stephen Low</a>); Best Script, (<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Stephen Low (filmmaker)">Stephen Low</a>)</li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, La lettre d'amour, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_H%C3%A9bert_(animator)" title="Pierre Hébert (animator)">Pierre Hébert</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Drama">Best Drama Over 30 Minutes</a>, Oui Allo! Estelle?, (Francois Dauteuil)</li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Shannon Award">Kathleen Shannon Award</a>, Black Mother Black Daughter, (<a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Hamilton" title="Sylvia Hamilton">Sylvia Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Prieto" title="Claire Prieto">Claire Prieto</a>)</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, Island of Whales, (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Poole_(producer)" title="Michael Poole (producer)">Mike Poole</a>)</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Drama">Best Drama for Broadcasters</a>, Le Vendredi de Jeanne Robinson, (Yves Dion)</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Sabina, (Katherine Li)</li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_Art_Found_Me" title="Folk Art Found Me">Folk Art Found Me</a> (Alex Busby)</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utshimassits:_Place_of_the_Boss" title="Utshimassits: Place of the Boss">Place of the Boss: Utshimassits</a>, (<a href="/wiki/John_Walker_(filmmaker)" title="John Walker (filmmaker)">John Walker</a>); Best Documentary over 30 minutes; Best Original Music</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, The Sandbox, (JoDee Samuelson)</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Ernie's Idea, (Peter Vogler, Claire Maxwell)</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, Chile, The Obstinate Memory / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chile,_la_memoria_obstinada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chile, la memoria obstinada (page does not exist)">Chile, la memoria obstinada</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Patricio_Guzman" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricio Guzman">Patricio Guzman</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Patricio_Guzman" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricio Guzman">Patricio Guzman</a>)</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Children Speak, (Bozenna Heczka, Georgine Strathy)</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Snow Cat, (<a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Cohen_(artist)" title="Sheldon Cohen (artist)">Sheldon Cohen</a>)</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural / Race Relations</a>, Show Girls (Melilan Lam)</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Short Subject">Best Documentary Short Subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Over_Tiananmen_Square" title="Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square">Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square</a>, (Shui-Bo Wang)</li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Grandmother_Ironed_the_King%27s_Shirts" title="My Grandmother Ironed the King's Shirts">My Grandmother Ironed the King's Shirts</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Torill_Kove" title="Torill Kove">Torill Kove</a>)</li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Who_Saw_the_Iceberg" title="The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg">The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg / Le garçon qui a vu l'iceberg</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Driessen_(animator)" title="Paul Driessen (animator)">Paul Driessen</a>)</li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural / Race Relations</a>, Who Is Albert Woo?, (Hunt Hoe)</li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Glasses, (Brian Duchscherer)</li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Loon Dreaming / Le rêve du huard, (Iriz Pääbo)</li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural / Race Relations</a>, The Murdered Bride, Claude Vickery</li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardwood_(film)" title="Hardwood (film)">Hardwood</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Davis" title="Hubert Davis">Hubert Davis</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Short Subject">Best Documentary Short Subject</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction (Non-Dramatic)</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Davis" title="Hubert Davis">Hubert Davis</a>); Best Editing, (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Davis" title="Hubert Davis">Hubert Davis</a>)</li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Stormy Night, (Michele Lemieux)</li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural</a>, TOTEM: The Return of the G'psgolox Pole, (<a href="/wiki/Gil_Cardinal" title="Gil Cardinal">Gil Cardinal</a>)</li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, The Man With No Shadow / <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27homme_sans_ombre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'homme sans ombre (page does not exist)">L'homme sans ombre</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27homme_sans_ombre" class="extiw" title="fr:L'homme sans ombre">fr</a>], (<a href="/wiki/Georges_Schwizgebel" title="Georges Schwizgebel">Georges Schwizgebel</a>)</li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, Two Worlds Colliding, (<a href="/wiki/Tasha_Hubbard" title="Tasha Hubbard">Tasha Hubbard</a>)</li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural / Race Relations</a>, In the Shadow of Gold Mountain, (<a href="/wiki/Karen_Cho" title="Karen Cho">Karen Cho</a>)</li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Short Subject">Best Documentary Short Subject</a>, Cheating Death, (Eric Geringas)</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, First Stories - Patrick Ross, (<a href="/wiki/Ervin_Chartrand" title="Ervin Chartrand">Ervin Chartrand</a>)</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, First Stories - Apples & Indians, (Lorne Olson)</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, First Stories - Nganawendaanan Nde'ing / I Keep Them in My Heart, (Shannon Letrandre)</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, First Stories - My Indian Name, (Darryl Nepinak)</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_and_Michael" title="John and Michael">John and Michael</a>, (Shira Avni)</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural</a>, Between: Living in the Hyphen, (Anne Marie Nakagawa)</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qallunaat!_Why_White_People_Are_Funny" title="Qallunaat! Why White People Are Funny">Qallunaat! Why White People Are Funny</a>, (Mark Sandiford, <a href="/wiki/Zebedee_Nungak" title="Zebedee Nungak">Zebedee Nungak</a>)</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Danish_Poet" title="The Danish Poet">The Danish Poet / Le poète danois</a> , (<a href="/wiki/Torill_Kove" title="Torill Kove">Torill Kove</a>)</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sparky_Book" title="The Sparky Book">The Sparky Book</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Mary_Lewis_(Canadian_actress)" title="Mary Lewis (Canadian actress)">Mary Lewis</a>)</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural</a>, Reema: There and Back, (<a href="/wiki/Paul-%C3%89mile_d%27Entremont" title="Paul-Émile d'Entremont">Paul-Émile d'Entremont</a>)</li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Necktie" title="The Necktie">The Necktie / Le noeud cravate</a>), (Jean Françcois Lévesque)</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Runaway_(2009_film)" title="Runaway (2009 film)">Runaway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cordell_Barker" title="Cordell Barker">Cordell Barker</a>)</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Emerging_Filmmaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Emerging Filmmaker">Best Emerging Filmmaker</a>, The Man Who Slept (Inés Sedan)</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, Lumaajuuq (<a href="/wiki/Alethea_Arnaquq-Baril" title="Alethea Arnaquq-Baril">Alethea Arnaquq-Baril</a>)</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipsett_Diaries" title="Lipsett Diaries">Lipsett Diaries / Les journaux de Lipsett</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Ushev" title="Theodore Ushev">Theodore Ushev</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_-_The_Founders%27_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival - The Founders' Award">The Founders' Award</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higglety_Pigglety_Pop!_or_There_Must_Be_More_to_Life" title="Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life">Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chris_Lavis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Lavis">Chris Lavis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maciek_Szczerbowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Maciek Szczerbowski">Maciek Szczerbowski</a>)</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a>, Mamori (<a href="/wiki/Karl_Lemieux" title="Karl Lemieux">Karl Lemieux</a>)</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>,<a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(2011_film)" title="Wild Life (2011 film)">Wild Life</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Amanda_Forbis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amanda Forbis">Amanda Forbis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Tilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendy Tilby">Wendy Tilby</a>)</li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Let_the_Daylight_Into_the_Swamp" title="Let the Daylight Into the Swamp">Let the Daylight Into the Swamp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_St._Jules" title="Jeffrey St. Jules">Jeffrey St. Jules</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction Non-Fiction</a>, The Portrait (Lea Marin)</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Aboriginal">Best Aboriginal</a>, Timuti (Jobie Weetaluktuk)</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Victoria" title="Gloria Victoria">Gloria Victoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Ushev" title="Theodore Ushev">Theodore Ushev</a>)</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Director Fiction</a>, Thomas (<a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pires_(director)" title="Pedro Pires (director)">Pedro Pires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lepage" title="Robert Lepage">Robert Lepage</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Drama">Best Drama</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Me_and_My_Moulton" title="Me and My Moulton">Me and My Moulton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Torill_Kove" title="Torill Kove">Torill Kove</a>)</li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carface" title="Carface">Carface</a> (<a href="/wiki/Claude_Cloutier" title="Claude Cloutier">Claude Cloutier</a>)</li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a>, Mobilize / Mobiliser (<a href="/wiki/Caroline_Monnet" title="Caroline Monnet">Caroline Monnet</a>)</li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural</a>, The Red Path (Thérèse Ottawa)</li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Oscar (<a href="/wiki/Marie-Jos%C3%A9e_Saint-Pierre" title="Marie-Josée Saint-Pierre">Marie-Josée Saint-Pierre</a>)</li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Shannon Award">Kathleen Shannon Award</a>, 19 Days (Asha Siad, Roda Siad)</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Best_of_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Best of Festival">Best of Festival</a>, Skin for Skin (Kevin D.A. Kurytnik & Carol Beecher); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tesla_World_Light" title="The Tesla World Light">The Tesla World Light</a>,(<a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rankin" title="Matthew Rankin">Matthew Rankin</a>)</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Indigenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Indigenous">Best Indigenous</a>, Holy Angels (Jay Cardinal Villeneuve)</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Shannon Award">Kathleen Shannon Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birth_of_a_Family" title="Birth of a Family">Birth of a Family</a>', (<a href="/wiki/Tasha_Hubbard" title="Tasha Hubbard">Tasha Hubbard</a>)</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Ruth_Shaw_(Best_of_Saskatchewan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Ruth Shaw (Best of Saskatchewan)">Ruth Shaw (Best of Saskatchewan)</a>, Talking at Night (Eric Thiessen)</li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, Bone Mother (Sylvie Trouvé, Dale Hayward)</li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Shannon_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Shannon Award">Kathleen Shannon Award</a>, Beauty, (Christina Willings)</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Animation">Best Animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Physics_of_Sorrow" title="The Physics of Sorrow">The Physics of Sorrow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Ushev" title="Theodore Ushev">Theodore Ushev</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Director Fiction</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Director">Best Direction Non-Fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Amen" title="Shannon Amen">Shannon Amen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chris_Dainty" title="Chris Dainty">Chris Dainty</a>)</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Experimental" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Experimental">Best Experimental</a>, No Objects / Sans objets (Marc Betrand)</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Indigenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Indigenous">Best Indigenous</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Now_is_the_Time_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Now is the Time (film) (page does not exist)">Now Is the Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Auchter" title="Christopher Auchter">Christopher Auchter</a>)</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Multicultural">Best Multicultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEpawistam%C3%A2sowin:_We_Will_Stand_Up" title="Nîpawistamâsowin: We Will Stand Up">nîpawistamâsowin: We Will Stand Up</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tasha_Hubbard" title="Tasha Hubbard">Tasha Hubbard</a>)</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival_Golden_Sheaf_Award_-_Short_Subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkton Film Festival Golden Sheaf Award - Short Subject">Best Short Subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_Killers" title="Gun Killers">Gun Killers</a> (Jason Young)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peabody_Awards">Peabody Awards</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Peabody Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of April 2014, the NFB has received five <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Awards</a>, for the web documentary <a href="/wiki/Highrise_(documentary)" title="Highrise (documentary)">A Short History of the Highrise</a>,<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> co-produced with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Rezolution_Pictures" title="Rezolution Pictures">Rezolution Pictures</a>/NFB co-production <a href="/wiki/Reel_Injun" title="Reel Injun">Reel Injun</a> (2011);<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Karen Shopsowitz's NFB documentary My Father's Camera (2002),<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> the NFB/Télé-Action co-produced mini-series <a href="/wiki/The_Boys_of_St._Vincent" title="The Boys of St. Vincent">The Boys of St. Vincent</a> (1995)<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> and the NFB documentary <a href="/wiki/Fat_Chance_(film)" title="Fat Chance (film)">Fat Chance</a> (1994).<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annie_Awards">Annie Awards</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Annie Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> NFB <a href="/wiki/Annie_Awards" title="Annie Awards">Annie Awards</a> nominations include: Nominated: (incomplete list) <ul><li>2011: Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject, <a href="/wiki/Sunday_(2011_film)" title="Sunday (2011 film)">Sunday</a> (Dimanche), (<a href="/wiki/Patrick_Doyon" title="Patrick Doyon">Patrick Doyon</a>)</li> <li>2011: Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(2011_film)" title="Wild Life (2011 film)">Wild Life</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Wendy_Tilby_and_Amanda_Forbis" title="Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis">Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interactive_awards">Interactive awards</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Interactive awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In June 2011, NFB received the Award of Excellence in Interactive Programming from the <a href="/wiki/Banff_World_Media_Festival" title="Banff World Media Festival">Banff World Media Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-236">[236]</a> In August 2011, the NFB received an outstanding technical achievement in digital media award from the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Canadian_Cinema_%26_Television" title="Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television">Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cbc_digital-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Webby_Awards">Webby Awards</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Webby Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of 2016, NFB <a href="/wiki/Web_documentaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Web documentaries">web documentaries</a> have won 17 <a href="/wiki/Webby_Awards" title="Webby Awards">Webby Awards</a>, presented <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Digital_Arts_and_Sciences" title="International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences">International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences</a> for excellence on the internet. Filmmaker-in-Residence, a project by <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Cizek" title="Katerina Cizek">Katerina Cizek</a> about <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Hospital_(Toronto)" title="St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto)">St. Michael's Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, was named best online documentary series at the 2008 Webbys.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> In 2010, the NFB website <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a>, on the state of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, won in the Documentary: Individual Episode category.<a href="#cite_note-Winston-239">[239]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> received two Webbys, for Documentary: Individual Episode in the Online Film & Video category and <a href="/wiki/Net_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Net art">Net art</a> in the Websites category.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In 2012, the NFB received two more Webbys, for <a href="/wiki/Bla_Bla" title="Bla Bla">Bla Bla</a> (best web art) and <a href="/wiki/God%27s_Lake_Narrows_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="God's Lake Narrows (website)">God's Lake Narrows</a> (best use of photography).<a href="#cite_note-cbcwebby2012-241">[241]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Bear_71" title="Bear 71">Bear 71</a> received the Webby for best net art.<a href="#cite_note-CBCAPwebby-242">[242]</a> In 2014, the interactive photo essay The Last Hunt received a People’s Voice Award Webby for best navigation/structure.<a href="#cite_note-FITC-243">[243]</a> In 2015, the NFB-co-produced webdoc <a href="/wiki/Seven_Digital_Deadly_Sins" title="Seven Digital Deadly Sins">Seven Digital Deadly Sins</a> received three People's Voice Awards, chosen by the public online, at the <a href="/wiki/2015_Webby_Awards" title="2015 Webby Awards">2015 Webby Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2016_Webby_Awards" title="2016 Webby Awards">2016 awards</a>, the NFB received six more Webbys: <a href="/wiki/Way_to_Go_(interactive)" title="Way to Go (interactive)">Way to Go</a> received the Webby and People's Voice awards in the Web/NetArt category as well as the Webby for Online Film & Video/VR: Gaming, Interactive or Real-Time. <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Photographer" title="The Unknown Photographer">The Unknown Photographer</a> won the People's Voice award in the Online Film & Video/VR: Gaming, Interactive or Real-Time category, while <a href="/wiki/Universe_Within" class="mw-redirect" title="Universe Within">Universe Within</a> received the Webby for Online Film & Video/Best Use of Interactive Video, and Cardboard Crash VR for Google Cardboard won in the category of Online Film & Video/VR: Gaming, Interactive or Real-time (Branded).<a href="#cite_note-Wong-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Others" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (May 2014)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></li> <li>2009: Adobe Site of the Day <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2009: Applied Arts Interactive Annual, Selected Capturing Reality </li> <li>2009: CNMA (Canadian New Media Awards), Winner- Best Cross Platform Project <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2009: Digital Marketing Awards, Winner- Best of Show <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2009: Digital Marketing Awards, Winner-DMA Award Capturing Reality </li> <li>2009: Hot Docs, Winner- Special Jury Prize <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2009: On Line Journalism Awards, Winner- Best Multi Media Feature Presentation <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2010: Adobe Site of the Day The Test Tube with David Suzuki </li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Annual, Selected The Test Tube with David Suzuki </li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Entertainment, Arts and Tourism Holy Mountain</li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Entertainment, Arts and Tourism NFB </li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Experimental and Artistic Flub and Utter </li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Experimental and Artistic The Test Tube with David Suzuki </li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Net Art Holy Mountain</li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – On Line Video Flub and Utter </li> <li>2010: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner – Public Service Charity The Test Tube with David Suzuki </li> <li>2010: BaKaFORUM, Winner- Youth Jury Prize <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2010: CNMA (Canadian New Media Awards), Best On Line Program GDP </li> <li>2010: CNMA (Canadian New Media Awards), Community Campaign of the Year The Test Tube with David Suzuki </li> <li>2010: Communication Arts Interactive Annual, Selected <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2010: Communication Arts, Web Pick of the Week The Test Tube with David Suzuki </li> <li>2010: Emmy Awards, International Digital Emmy, Non Fiction Highrise-Out My Window </li> <li>2010: On Line Journalism Awards, Winner- Multi Media Feature Presentation, Small Site This Land </li> <li>2010: SXSW Interactive, Winner, Activism Category <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2010: The FWA, Site of the Day NFB Interactive November 11, 2010</li> <li>2010: The FWA, Site of the Day The Test Tube with David Suzuki October 5, 2010</li> <li>2010: The FWA, Site of the Day <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> June 24, 2010</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/International_Documentary_Film_Festival_Amsterdam" title="International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam">IDFA</a> Doc Lab, Winner-Digital Storytelling Highrise-Out My Window </li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/SXSW" class="mw-redirect" title="SXSW">SXSW</a> Interactive, Winner-Activism Category <a href="/wiki/Waterlife" title="Waterlife">Waterlife</a> </li> <li>2011: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner-Entertainment, Arts & Tourism Main Street </li> <li>2011: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner-Entertainment, Arts & Tourism This Land </li> <li>2011: Applied Arts Interactive Awards, Winner-Entertainment, Arts & Tourism <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> </li> <li>2011: Banff World Television Festival, Interactive Rockie Awards, Winner- Best On Line Program – Documentary <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> </li> <li>2011: Bellaria (Italy) Documentary Festival, Best Cross Media Doc <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> </li> <li>2011: Communication Arts Interactive Annual, Selected The Test Tube with David Suzuki </li> <li>2011: Communication Arts, Web Pick of the Day <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> </li> <li>2011: FITC, Winner, Audio in Flash Highrise-Out My Window </li> <li>2011: FITC, Winner, Flash Narrative <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> </li> <li>2011: The FWA, Site of the Day Crash Course January 9, 2011</li> <li>2011: The FWA, Site of the Day <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> February 22, 2011</li> <li>2011: The FWA, Site of the Day <a href="/wiki/Holy_Mountain_(website)" title="Holy Mountain (website)">Holy Mountain</a> January 17, 2011</li> <li>2011: The <a href="/wiki/Favourite_Website_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Favourite Website Awards">Favourite Website Awards</a> (FWA), Site of the Day Highrise- Out My Window January 28, 2011</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Banff_World_Television_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Banff World Television Festival">Banff World Television Festival</a>, Interactive Rockie Awards, Winner- Best Francophone – Documentary Holy Mountain</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Documentary_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield Documentary Festival">Sheffield Documentary Festival</a>, Innovation Documentary Award <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Pine_Point" title="Welcome to Pine Point">Welcome to Pine Point</a> </li> <li>2012: Digi Awards (formerly Canadian New Media Awards), Best in Canadian culture Burquette (with Attraction Images and Turbulent Media)<a href="#cite_note-Quan-246">[246]</a></li> <li>2012: Digi Awards (formerly Canadian New Media Awards), Best in web series, non-fiction <a href="/wiki/Bear_71" title="Bear 71">Bear 71</a><a href="#cite_note-Quan-246">[246]</a></li> <li>2014: FITC, Winner, Experimental, The Last Hunt<a href="#cite_note-FITC-243">[243]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Controversy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> In addition to <a href="/wiki/Neighbours_(1952_film)" title="Neighbours (1952 film)">Neighbours</a>, other NFB productions have been the source of controversy, including two NFB productions broadcast on CBC Television that criticized the role of Canadians in wartime led to questions in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate of Canada</a>. In the early 1970s, two Quebec political documentaries, Arcand's <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Mill,_Treadmill" title="Cotton Mill, Treadmill">On est au coton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Groulx" title="Gilles Groulx">Gilles Groulx</a>'s <a href="/wiki/24_heures_ou_plus" title="24 heures ou plus">24 heures ou plus</a>, were initially withheld from release by the NFB due to controversial content.<a href="#cite_note-Hebert-247">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Kid_Who_Couldn%27t_Miss" title="The Kid Who Couldn't Miss">The Kid Who Couldn't Miss</a> (1982) cast doubt on the accomplishments of Canadian World War I flying ace <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bishop" title="Billy Bishop">Billy Bishop</a>, sparking widespread outrage, including complaints in the Senate subcommittee on Veterans' Affairs.<a href="#cite_note-cowan-248">[248]</a> A decade later, <a href="/wiki/The_Valour_and_the_Horror" title="The Valour and the Horror">The Valour and the Horror</a> outraged some when it suggested that there was incompetence on the part of Canadian military command, and that Canadian soldiers had committed unprosecuted <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> against German soldiers. The series became the subject of an inquiry by the Senate. Other controversial productions included the 1981 film <a href="/wiki/Not_a_Love_Story:_A_Film_About_Pornography" title="Not a Love Story: A Film About Pornography">Not a Love Story: A Film About Pornography</a>, a 1981 Studio D documentary critiquing pornography that was itself banned in the province of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> on the basis of pornographic content.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Released the following year, <a href="/wiki/If_You_Love_This_Planet" title="If You Love This Planet">If You Love This Planet</a>, winner of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> for best documentary short subject, was labelled foreign propaganda under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="NFB_on_TV">NFB on TV</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: NFB on TV" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> The NFB is a minority owner of the Canadian digital television channel <a href="/wiki/Documentary_Channel_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="Documentary Channel (Canadian TV channel)">Documentary Channel</a>. The NFB-branded series Retrovision aired on <a href="/wiki/VisionTV" title="VisionTV">VisionTV</a> along with the French-language Carnets ONF series on <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Peoples_Television_Network" title="Aboriginal Peoples Television Network">APTN</a>. Moreover, in 1997, the American cable channel <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a> created a weekly 30-minute show called O Canada, which specifically showcased a compilation of NFB-produced works; the segment was later discontinued in favour of <a href="/wiki/Adult_Swim" title="Adult Swim">Adult Swim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-compilation-251">[251]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Logo">Logo</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Logo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/Old_National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="118"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 98px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/Old_National_Film_Board_of_Canada_logo.png" data-width="98" data-height="118" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>1995–2003 logo</figcaption></figure> The Board's logo consists of a standing stylized figure (originally green) with its arms wide upward designed similarly closer to the <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> logo. The arms are met by an arch that mirrors them. The round head in between then resembles a pupil, making the entire symbol appear to be an <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">eye</a> with legs. Launched in 1968, the logo symbolized a vision of humanity and was called "Man Seeing / L'homme qui voit". It was designed by Georges Beaupré. It was updated in 2003 by the firm of Paprika Communications.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="In_popular_media">In popular media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: In popular media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> music act <a href="/wiki/Boards_of_Canada" title="Boards of Canada">Boards of Canada</a> takes its name from the NFB.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, who had attributed the origins of "<a href="/wiki/The_Force" title="The Force">the Force</a>" to a 1963 abstract NFB film by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lipsett" title="Arthur Lipsett">Arthur Lipsett</a> entitled <a href="/wiki/21-87" title="21-87">21-87</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> went on to use the number 2187 as the cell number where Princess Leia was being detained in <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-June8blog-255">[255]</a> He has also cited <a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a> as an influence.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li>Two NFB shorts, the Oscar-nominated <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Cracker_(film)" title="Christmas Cracker (film)">Christmas Cracker</a> and David and Hazel: A Study in Communication,<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> were each spoofed by <a href="/wiki/RiffTrax" title="RiffTrax">RiffTrax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Snit" title="The Big Snit">The Big Snit</a> inspired a Scrabble scene in the second episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_(season_1)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Simpsons (season 1)">first season</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Bart_the_Genius" title="Bart the Genius">Bart the Genius</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Groening-261">[261]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Cinema of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_NFB_to_Box-Office" title="From NFB to Box-Office">From NFB to Box-Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Organization_of_Canada" title="Documentary Organization of Canada">Documentary Organization of Canada</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoard2020" class="citation web cs1">Board, National Film (November 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/national-film-board.html">"National Film Board"</a>. www.canada.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canada.ca&rft.atitle=National+Film+Board&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=National+Film&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fnational-film-board.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfb.ca/channels/award-winners/">"Award Winners"</a>. National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved December 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Film+Board+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Award+Winners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfb.ca%2Fchannels%2Faward-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrégent-Heald201230-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBr%C3%A9gent-Heald201230_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBr%C3%A9gent-Heald2012">Brégent-Heald 2012</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978133-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1978133_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorris1978">Morris 1978</a>, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199350-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199350_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978167-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1978167_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1978167_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorris1978">Morris 1978</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cfe.tiff.net/canadianfilmencyclopedia/content/bios/frank-c-badgley">"Frank C. Badgley"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707183651/https://cfe.tiff.net/canadianfilmencyclopedia/content/bios/frank-c-badgley">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+International+Film+Festival&rft.atitle=Frank+C.+Badgley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcfe.tiff.net%2Fcanadianfilmencyclopedia%2Fcontent%2Fbios%2Ffrank-c-badgley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978161-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1978161_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorris1978">Morris 1978</a>, p. 161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199353-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199353_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199353_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhouri200785-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhouri200785_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhouri2007">Khouri 2007</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198717-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClandfield198717_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClandfield1987">Clandfield 1987</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198721-22-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClandfield198721-22_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClandfield1987">Clandfield 1987</a>, p. 21-22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1978233-234-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1978233-234_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1978233-234_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorris1978">Morris 1978</a>, p. 233-234. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198122-23-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones198122-23_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones198122-23_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones1981">Jones 1981</a>, p. 22-23. </li> <li id="cite_note-founding-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-founding_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_15-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nfb.ca/blog/2009/08/12/the-founding-of-the-nfb/">"The Founding of the NFB"</a>. National Film Board of Canada. August 12, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103162948/https://blog.nfb.ca/blog/2009/08/12/the-founding-of-the-nfb/">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Film+Board+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Founding+of+the+NFB&rft.date=2009-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.nfb.ca%2Fblog%2F2009%2F08%2F12%2Fthe-founding-of-the-nfb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198127-28-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones198127-28_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones1981">Jones 1981</a>, p. 27-28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199378-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199378_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198130-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones198130_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones1981">Jones 1981</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198146-47-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones198146-47_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones1981">Jones 1981</a>, p. 46-47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199356-58-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199356-58_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 56-58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199359-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199359_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199123-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199123_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198722-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClandfield198722_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClandfield1987">Clandfield 1987</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199359-60-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199359-60_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 59-60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199115-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199115_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199115_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199134-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199134_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones198160-61-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones198160-61_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones1981">Jones 1981</a>, p. 60-61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans19918-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans19918_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199116-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199116_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199116_29-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans19919-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans19919_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199380-81-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199380-81_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 80-81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199114-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199114_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199377-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199377_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199112-13-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199112-13_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 12-13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199130-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199130_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199376-77-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199376-77_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 76-77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199380-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199380_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199379-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199379_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagder199381-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagder199381_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagder1993">Magder 1993</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199115-17-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199115-17_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 15-17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199122-23-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199122-23_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 22-23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199126-27-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199126-27_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 26-27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199139-40-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199139-40_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 39-40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199142-43-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199142-43_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 42-43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199128-29-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199128-29_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 28-29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199117-19-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199117-19_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199117-19_46-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 17-19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199129-30-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199129-30_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 29-30. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/national-film-board/news/2019/09/this-september-the-nfb-moves-to-the-quartier-des-spectacles-in-downtown-montreal-official-inauguration-and-opening-event-for-the-public-to-follow-i.html">"This September, the NFB moves to the Quartier des Spectacles in downtown Montreal. Official inauguration and opening event for the public to follow in 2020"</a>. National Film Board of Canada. September 4, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021223638/https://www.canada.ca/en/national-film-board/news/2019/09/this-september-the-nfb-moves-to-the-quartier-des-spectacles-in-downtown-montreal-official-inauguration-and-opening-event-for-the-public-to-follow-i.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Film+Board+of+Canada&rft.atitle=This+September%2C+the+NFB+moves+to+the+Quartier+des+Spectacles+in+downtown+Montreal.+Official+inauguration+and+opening+event+for+the+public+to+follow+in+2020&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fnational-film-board%2Fnews%2F2019%2F09%2Fthis-september-the-nfb-moves-to-the-quartier-des-spectacles-in-downtown-montreal-official-inauguration-and-opening-event-for-the-public-to-follow-i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199135-36-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199135-36_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 35-36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199134-36-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199134-36_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 34-36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199144-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199144_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199146-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199146_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClandfield1987">Clandfield 1987</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199158-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199158_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199189-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199189_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199135-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199135_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199153-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199153_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199196-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199196_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1981109-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1981109_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones1981">Jones 1981</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199187-88-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199187-88_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 87-88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199192-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199192_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1981138-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1981138_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones1981">Jones 1981</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199167-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199167_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPendakur1990146-148-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPendakur1990146-148_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPendakur1990">Pendakur 1990</a>, p. 146-148. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans199199-101-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans199199-101_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 99-101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741-42-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClandfield198741-42_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClandfield1987">Clandfield 1987</a>, p. 41-42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991113-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991113_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991113-115-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991113-115_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 113-115. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991120-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991120_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 120. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991129-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991129_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991116-117-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991116-117_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 116-117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991136-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991136_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991117-119-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991117-119_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 117-119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991121-122-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991121-122_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 121-122. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991135-138-75"><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991278_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 278. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991145-146-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991145-146_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 145-146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991137-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991137_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991279-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991279_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 279. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991167-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991167_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991177-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991177_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991218-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991218_87-0">a</a> <a 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Routledge. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1579584450" title="Special:BookSources/978-1579584450"><bdi>978-1579584450</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Documentary+Film&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-10-27&rft.isbn=978-1579584450&rft.aulast=Aitken&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJdSNAQAAQBAJ%26q%3DNFB%2Bcinema%2Bverite%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waugh-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Waugh_119-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w2KVxcA2pcwC&q=%22Challenge+for+Change%22">Challenge for Change: Activist Documentary at the National Film Board of Canada</a> (2010). Thomas Waugh, Michael Brendan Baker, Ezra Winton (eds). Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press., pp. 5-6 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nfb.ca/blog/2019/08/13/christopher-auchter-illuminates-seminal-moment-in-haida-cultural-resurgence/">"A Fine Day in Masset: Christopher Auchter Revisits Crucial Moment in Haida Renaissance"</a>. NFB Blog. August 13, 2019. 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(2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northofeverythin00bear">North of Everything: English-Canadian Cinema Since 1980</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Alberta_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Alberta Press">The University of Alberta Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88864-398-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-88864-398-5"><bdi>0-88864-398-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+of+Everything%3A+English-Canadian+Cinema+Since+1980&rft.pub=The+University+of+Alberta+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-88864-398-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthofeverythin00bear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrégent-Heald2012" class="citation journal cs1">Brégent-Heald, Dominique (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24411793">"Vacationland: Film, Tourism, and Selling Canada, 1934-1948"</a>. Canadian Journal of Film Studies. 21 (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>: 27–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcjfs.21.2.27">10.3138/cjfs.21.2.27</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24411793">24411793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Film+Studies&rft.atitle=Vacationland%3A+Film%2C+Tourism%2C+and+Selling+Canada%2C+1934-1948&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=27-48&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcjfs.21.2.27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24411793%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Br%C3%A9gent-Heald&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24411793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClandfield1987" class="citation book cs1">Clandfield, David (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianfilm0000clan">Canadian Film</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195405811" title="Special:BookSources/0195405811"><bdi>0195405811</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Film&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0195405811&rft.aulast=Clandfield&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadianfilm0000clan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1991" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Gary (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/innationalintere0000evan">In the National Interest: A Chronicle of the National Film Board of Canada from 1949 to 1989</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802027849" title="Special:BookSources/0802027849"><bdi>0802027849</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+National+Interest%3A+A+Chronicle+of+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada+from+1949+to+1989&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0802027849&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finnationalintere0000evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1981" class="citation book cs1">Jones, David (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moviesmemorandai0000jone">Movies and Memoranda: An Interpretative History of the National Film Board of Canada</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Film_Institute" title="Canadian Film Institute">Canadian Film Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0919096212" title="Special:BookSources/0919096212"><bdi>0919096212</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Movies+and+Memoranda%3A+An+Interpretative+History+of+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada&rft.pub=Canadian+Film+Institute&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0919096212&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoviesmemorandai0000jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhouri2007" class="citation book cs1">Khouri, Malek (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmingpoliticsc0000khou">Filming Politics: Communism and the Portrayal of the Working Class at the National Film Board of Canada, 1939-46</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary_Press" title="University of Calgary Press">University of Calgary Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781552381991" title="Special:BookSources/9781552381991"><bdi>9781552381991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Filming+Politics%3A+Communism+and+the+Portrayal+of+the+Working+Class+at+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada%2C+1939-46&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781552381991&rft.aulast=Khouri&rft.aufirst=Malek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmingpoliticsc0000khou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagder1993" class="citation book cs1">Magder, Ted (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadashollywood0000magd">Canada's Hollywood: The Canadian State and Feature Films</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Hollywood%3A+The+Canadian+State+and+Feature+Films&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Magder&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadashollywood0000magd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1978" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Peter, ed. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/embattledshadows0000morr">Embattled Shadows: A History of Canadian Cinema 1895-1939</a>. <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773560727" title="Special:BookSources/9780773560727"><bdi>9780773560727</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Embattled+Shadows%3A+A+History+of+Canadian+Cinema+1895-1939&rft.pub=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780773560727&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fembattledshadows0000morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendakur1990" class="citation book cs1">Pendakur, Manjunath (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadiandreamsam0000pend">Canadian Dreams & American Control: The Political Economy of the Canadian Film Industry</a>. Garamond Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0920059937" title="Special:BookSources/0920059937"><bdi>0920059937</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Dreams+%26+American+Control%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+the+Canadian+Film+Industry&rft.pub=Garamond+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0920059937&rft.aulast=Pendakur&rft.aufirst=Manjunath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadiandreamsam0000pend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDruick2007" class="citation book cs1">Druick, Zoë (2007). Projecting Canada: Government Policy and Documentary Film at the National Film Board of Canada. <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3259-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3259-5"><bdi>978-0-7735-3259-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Projecting+Canada%3A+Government+Policy+and+Documentary+Film+at+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-3259-5&rft.aulast=Druick&rft.aufirst=Zo%C3%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerry_Kolomeychuk1991" class="citation book cs1">Terry Kolomeychuk, ed. (1991). Donald Brittain:Never the Ordinary Way. Winnipeg: National Film Board of Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7722-0188-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7722-0188-9"><bdi>0-7722-0188-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Brittain%3ANever+the+Ordinary+Way&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=National+Film+Board+of+Canada&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-7722-0188-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLow2002" class="citation book cs1">Low, Brian J. (February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403215434/http://www.wlupress.wlu.ca/Catalog/low.shtml">NFB Kids: Portrayals of Children by the National Film Board of Canada, 1939–1989</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University_Press" title="Wilfrid Laurier University Press">Wilfrid Laurier University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-386-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-386-0"><bdi>978-0-88920-386-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wlupress.wlu.ca/Catalog/low.shtml">the original</a> on April 3, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NFB+Kids%3A+Portrayals+of+Children+by+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada%2C+1939%E2%80%931989&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2002-02&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-386-0&rft.aulast=Low&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlupress.wlu.ca%2FCatalog%2Flow.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcInnes2004" class="citation book cs1">McInnes, Graham (November 2004). Walz, Gene (ed.). One Man's Documentary: A Memoir of the Early Years of the National Film Board. Winnipeg, Man.: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba_Press" title="University of Manitoba Press">University of Manitoba Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887556791" title="Special:BookSources/9780887556791"><bdi>9780887556791</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Man%27s+Documentary%3A+A+Memoir+of+the+Early+Years+of+the+National+Film+Board&rft.place=Winnipeg%2C+Man.&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=2004-11&rft.isbn=9780887556791&rft.aulast=McInnes&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Film+Board+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Challenge for Change: Activist Documentary at the National Film Board of Canada (2010). Thomas Waugh, Michael Brendan Baker, Ezra Winton (eds). Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&oldid=1259097354">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&oldid=1259097354</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Board_of_Canada&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 09:57 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="المجلس الوطني لأفلام كندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المجلس الوطني لأفلام كندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="National Film Board of Canada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Film Board of Canada" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="National Film Board of Canada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Kinkomisiono_de_Kanado" title="Nacia Kinkomisiono de Kanado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Kinkomisiono de Kanado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="هیئت ملی فیلم کانادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیئت ملی فیلم کانادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_national_du_film_du_Canada" title="Office national du film du Canada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Office national du film du Canada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կանադայի ազգային կինոարվեստի կառավարում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանադայի ազգային կինոարվեստի կառավարում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National Film Board of Canada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembaga_Filem_Kebangsaan_Kanada" title="Lembaga Filem Kebangsaan Kanada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lembaga Filem Kebangsaan Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E5%BA%81" title="カナダ国立映画庁 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダ国立映画庁" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Film Board of Canada" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="National Film Board of Canada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Канадская государственная служба кинематографии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канадская государственная служба кинематографии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="National Film Board of Canada" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Національне кінематографічне управління Канади – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національне кінематографічне управління Канади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%B1%80" title="加拿大国家电影局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加拿大国家电影局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 09:57 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-kqlrf","wgBackendResponseTime":301,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.465","walltime":"2.778","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18547,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":463449,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":31822,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":641811,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2258.427 1 -total"," 40.77% 920.839 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.87% 380.899 118 Template:Sfn"," 16.34% 368.924 75 Template:Cite_news"," 14.15% 319.500 57 Template:Cite_web"," 6.15% 138.875 8 Template:Navbox"," 5.80% 131.048 1 Template:Infobox_organization"," 5.46% 123.339 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.45% 123.185 1 Template:Langx"," 5.00% 112.869 1 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1,\n [\"CITEREFGiardina2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHays1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoupt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutter2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHébertLandryLever2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhouri2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnelman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnopf2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKushigemachi,_Todd2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLau2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLow2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLévesque2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagder1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayer2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcInnes2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLean2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcWilliams\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilligan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoakley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonk2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorison2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Film_Board\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatricia_Stone,_Susan_Tolusso\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPendakur1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinto2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPringle2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPunter2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFQuan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavindran\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavindran2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilberman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilberman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimensky1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSowa\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpangler2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStukator,_Angela2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSummers2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTakeuchi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerry_Kolomeychuk1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnger1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVlessing2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVlessing2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinston2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWyatt2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZéau,_Caroline2006\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"Academy Honorary Award\"] = 1,\n [\"Animation industry in Canada\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bare URL PDF\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"CinemaofCanada\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 75,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 57,\n [\"Colbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Colend\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:National Film Board Of Canada\"] = 1,\n [\"Department of Canadian Heritage\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Ill\"] = 2,\n [\"Incomplete list\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox organization\"] = 1,\n [\"Inkpot Award 1980s\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"NFBwebdocs\"] = 1,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 118,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sort list\"] = 5,\n [\"Start date\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Canadian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","19.8"],["?","300","18.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","11.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","7.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","6.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","6.2"],["(for generator)","60","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","2.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","2.5"],["[others]","300","18.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-bjsq7","timestamp":"20241126200408","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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