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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_and_military_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_and_military_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Political and military developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_and_military_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Terrain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Deployment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prague_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prague_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Prague uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prague_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-6_May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#6_May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>6 May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-6_May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7_May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7_May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>7 May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7_May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8_May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8_May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>8 May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8_May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9_May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9_May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>9 May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9_May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10–11_May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10–11_May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>10–11 May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10–11_May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_and_political_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_political_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Military and political considerations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_political_considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immediate_deaths_of_prominent_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immediate_deaths_of_prominent_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Immediate deaths of prominent figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immediate_deaths_of_prominent_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography_of_the_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography_of_the_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Historiography of the offensive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography_of_the_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Losses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Losses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Losses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Losses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Losses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soviet_and_Soviet_allied_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_and_Soviet_allied_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Soviet and Soviet allied nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_and_Soviet_allied_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prague offensive</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="هجوم براغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجوم براغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praqa_h%C3%BCcumu" title="Praqa hücumu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Praqa hücumu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пражская аперацыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пражская аперацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Пражка операция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пражка операция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_de_Praga" title="Ofensiva de Praga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ofensiva de Praga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva" title="Pražská ofenzíva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pražská ofenzíva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prager_Operation" title="Prager Operation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prager Operation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Praga" title="Batalla de Praga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Praga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praga_ofensivo" title="Praga ofensivo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Praga ofensivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensive_de_Prague" title="Offensive de Prague – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Offensive de Prague" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praachoffinsyf" title="Praachoffinsyf – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Praachoffinsyf" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1_(1945)" title="Պրահայի օպերացիա (1945) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրահայի օպերացիա (1945)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_Praha" title="Serangan Praha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan Praha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensiva_di_Praga" title="Offensiva di Praga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Offensiva di Praga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92" title="הקרב על פראג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקרב על פראג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პრაღის ოპერაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრაღის ოპერაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Прага операциясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Прага операциясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyerangan_Prague" title="Penyerangan Prague – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyerangan Prague" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praagoffensief" title="Praagoffensief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Praagoffensief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8F%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6)" title="プラハの戦い (第二次世界大戦) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プラハの戦い (第二次世界大戦)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praha-offensiven" title="Praha-offensiven – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Praha-offensiven" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_de_Praga" title="Ofensiva de Praga – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ofensiva de Praga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_praska" title="Operacja praska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja praska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_de_Praga" title="Ofensiva de Praga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ofensiva de Praga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_Praga" title="Ofensiva Praga – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ofensiva Praga" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Пражская операция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пражская операция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_oper%C3%A1cia" title="Pražská operácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pražská operácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Прашка офанзива – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прашка офанзива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi 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title="Prague Offensive">Prague Offensive</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1945 Red Army invasion of German-occupied Czechoslovakia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Prague offensive</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva.jpg/370px-Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva.jpg/555px-Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="559" /></a></span><br />Map of Prague offensive</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>6–11 May 1945<br />(5 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Allied victory </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">End of World War II in Europe</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a>:</b><br /><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrajdl2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrajdl2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span data-sort-value="Slovakia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></span> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Hlinka_party_%281938%E2%80%931945%29_variant_2.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Hlinka_party_%281938%E2%80%931945%29_variant_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Hlinka_party_%281938%E2%80%931945%29_variant_2.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Hlinka_party_%281938%E2%80%931945%29_variant_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Hlinka_party_%281938%E2%80%931945%29_variant_2.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Hlinka_party_%281938%E2%80%931945%29_variant_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard_Emergency_Divisions" title="Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions">POHG</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/1st_Czechoslovak_Army_Corps_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union">Czechoslovakia</a><br /><span data-sort-value="Romania"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_East" title="Polish Armed Forces in the East">Poland</a><hr /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sch%C3%B6rner" title="Ferdinand Schörner">Ferdinand Schörner</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Lothar Rendulic</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Altrichter" title="Friedrich Altrichter">Friedrich Altrichter</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Agricola" title="Kurt Agricola">Kurt Agricola</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_P%C3%BCckler-Burghauss" title="Carl Friedrich von Pückler-Burghauss">Carl Friedrich von Pückler-Burghauss</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Konev" title="Ivan Konev">Ivan Konev</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rodion_Malinovsky" title="Rodion Malinovsky">Rodion Malinovsky</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Yeryomenko" title="Andrey Yeryomenko">Andrey Yeryomenko</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karel_Klap%C3%A1lek" title="Karel Klapálek">Karel Klapálek</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Atanasiu" title="Vasile Atanasiu">Vasile Atanasiu</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_D%C4%83sc%C4%83lescu" title="Nicolae Dăscălescu">Nicolae Dăscălescu</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karol_%C5%9Awierczewski" title="Karol Świerczewski">Karol Świerczewski</a><hr /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bunyachenko" title="Sergei Bunyachenko">Sergei Bunyachenko</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Army Group Centre:<br />600,000–650,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008674_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008674-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Army Group Ostmark:<br />430,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke2002498_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiemke2002498-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> 9,370<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrajdl2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrajdl2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> 1,770,700<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> 139,500<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> 69,500<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> 48,400<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><hr /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> 18,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Some 860,000 captured; remainder killed, missing in action, or fled</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> 49,348<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> 1,730<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> 887<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> 533<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><hr /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> 300</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Front" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Naval warfare</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea_campaigns_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–1945)">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_campaigns_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Black Sea campaigns (1941–1944)">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II" title="Arctic naval operations of World War II">Arctic Ocean</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1941</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Barbarossa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Brest_Fortress" title="Defense of Brest Fortress">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bia%C5%82ystok%E2%80%93Minsk" title="Battle of Białystok–Minsk">Białystok–Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_operation" title="Baltic operation">1st Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brody_(1941)" title="Battle of Brody (1941)">Brody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Operation München">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smolensk_(1941)" title="Battle of Smolensk (1941)">1st Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uman" title="Battle of Uman">Uman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odessa" title="Siege of Odessa">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">1st Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_evacuation_of_Tallinn" title="Soviet evacuation of Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Leningrad</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sea_of_Azov" title="Battle of the Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="First Battle of Kharkov">1st Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_campaign" title="Crimean campaign">1st Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rostov_(1941)" title="Battle of Rostov (1941)">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Gorky</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Moscow</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula" title="Battle of the Kerch Peninsula">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_during_Operation_Barbarossa" title="Aerial warfare during Operation Barbarossa">Air war 1941</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1942</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyuban" title="Battle of Lyuban">Lyuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barvenkovo%E2%80%93Lozovaya_offensive" title="Barvenkovo–Lozovaya offensive">Barvenkovo–Lozovaya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Rzhev" title="Battles of Rzhev">Rzhev</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets%E2%80%93Kholm_offensive" title="Toropets–Kholm offensive">Toropets–Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyansk_Pocket" title="Demyansk Pocket">Demyansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholm_Pocket" title="Kholm Pocket">Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bamberg" title="Operation Bamberg">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">2nd Kharkov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Case Blue</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus" title="Battle of the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev–Sychyovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinyavino_offensive_(1942)" title="Sinyavino offensive (1942)">Sinyavino</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velikiye_Luki" title="Battle of Velikiye Luki">Velikiye Luki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mars" title="Operation Mars"><i>Mars</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Saturn" title="Operation Little Saturn"><i>Little Saturn</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1943</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iskra" title="Operation Iskra"><i>Iskra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogozhsk%E2%80%93Rossosh_offensive" title="Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive">Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Kharkov_offensive" title="Voronezh–Kharkov offensive">Voronezh–Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polar_Star" title="Operation Polar Star"><i>Polar Star</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">3rd Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Gorky Blitz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Kursk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_strategic_offensive_(July_1943)" title="Donbas strategic offensive (July 1943)">1st Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod%E2%80%93Kharkov_offensive_operation" title="Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation">Belgorod-Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_strategic_offensive_(August_1943)" title="Donbas strategic offensive (August 1943)">2nd Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">2nd Smolensk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lenino" title="Battle of Lenino">Lenino</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Dnieper</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nevel_(1943)" title="Battle of Nevel (1943)">Nevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">2nd Kiev</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1944</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Carpathian_offensive" title="Dnieper–Carpathian offensive">Dnieper–Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad%E2%80%93Novgorod_offensive" title="Leningrad–Novgorod offensive">Leningrad–Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_offensive" title="Crimean offensive">2nd Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="First Jassy–Kishinev offensive">1st Jassy–Kishinev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive" title="Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive">Karelia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov-Sandomierz_Offensive" title="Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive">Lvov–Sandomierz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Doppelkopf" title="Operation Doppelkopf">Doppelkopf</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">2nd Jassy–Kishinev</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dukla_Pass" title="Battle of the Dukla Pass">Dukla Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_offensive" title="Baltic offensive">2nd Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debrecen" title="Battle of Debrecen">Debrecen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petsamo%E2%80%93Kirkenes_offensive" title="Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive">Petsamo–Kirkenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courland_Pocket" title="Courland Pocket">Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_Operation" title="Gumbinnen Operation">Gumbinnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Budapest</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1945</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Carpathian_offensive" title="Western Carpathian offensive">Western Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive" title="East Prussian offensive">East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_offensives" title="Silesian offensives">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau" title="Siege of Breslau">Breslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solstice" title="Operation Solstice"><i>Solstice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_offensive" title="East Pomeranian offensive">East Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Lake Balaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravia%E2%80%93Ostrava_offensive" title="Moravia–Ostrava offensive">Moravia–Ostrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Berlin</a></b></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prague</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romanian_military_actions_in_World_War_II" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Romanian_military_actions_in_World_War_II" title="Template:Campaignbox Romanian military actions in World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Romanian_military_actions_in_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Romanian military actions in World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Romanian_military_actions_in_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Romanian military actions in World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanian_military_actions_in_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II"><span class="wrap"> Romanian military actions in World War II </span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award#Aftermath" title="Second Vienna Award">Northern Transylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_Diosig" title="Skirmish at Diosig">Diosig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treznea_massacre" title="Treznea massacre">Treznea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ip_massacre" title="Ip massacre">Ip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nu%C8%99fal%C4%83u_massacre" title="Nușfalău massacre">Nușfalău</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>As part of the Axis (1941–1944)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta_Campaign" title="Danube Delta Campaign">Danube Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Raid on Constanța">Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Operation München"><i>München</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uman" title="Battle of Uman">Uman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odessa" title="Siege of Odessa">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sea_of_Azov" title="Battle of the Sea of Azov">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rostov_(1941)" title="Battle of Rostov (1941)">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula" title="Battle of the Kerch Peninsula">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus" title="Battle of the Caucasus"><i>Edelweiss</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uranus" title="Operation Uranus"><i>Uranus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_Storm" title="Operation Winter Storm"><i>Winter Storm</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Saturn" title="Operation Little Saturn"><i>Little Saturn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_Campaign_in_Romania" title="Western Allied Campaign in Romania">Western Allied Campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave"><i>Tidal Wave</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bucharest_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bucharest in World War II">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Frantic" title="Operation Frantic"><i>Frantic</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch%E2%80%93Eltigen_operation" title="Kerch–Eltigen operation">Kerch-Eltigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Dnieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Carpathian_offensive" title="Dnieper–Carpathian offensive">Dnieper–Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uman%E2%80%93Boto%C8%99ani_offensive" title="Uman–Botoșani offensive">Uman–Botoșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="First Jassy–Kishinev offensive">1st Jassy–Kishinev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_offensive" title="Crimean offensive">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">2nd Jassy–Kishinev</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>As part of the Allies (1944–1945)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Margarethe_II" title="Operation Margarethe II"><i>Margarethe II</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Reunion" title="Operation Reunion"><i>Reunion</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turda" title="Battle of Turda">Turda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C4%83uli%C8%99" title="Battle of Păuliș">Păuliș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carei" title="Battle of Carei">Carei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debrecen" title="Battle of Debrecen">Debrecen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Soviet_forces_(May_6,_1945)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Soviet_forces_(May_6,_1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> Soviet forces (May 6, 1945)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1st Ukrainian Front</b><br />• 2nd Air Army<br />• 3rd Guards Army<br />• 5th Guards Army<br />• 3rd Guards Tank Army<br />• 4th Guards Tank Army<br />• 13th Army<br />• 21st Army<br />• 28th Army<br />• 31st Army<br />• 52nd Army<br />• 59th Army<br />• Polish 2nd Army<br /><b>2nd Ukrainian Front</b><br />• 5th Air Army<br />• 6th Guards Tank Army<br />• 7th Guards Army<br />• 9th Guards Army<br />• 40th Army<br />• 46th Army<br />• 53rd Army<br />• 1st Romanian Army<br />• 4th Romanian Army<br /><b>4th Ukrainian Front</b><br />• 8th Air Army<br />• 1st Guards Army<br />• 18th Army<br />• 38th Army<br />• 60th Army<br />• 1st Czechoslovak Corps</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_German_forces_(May_6,_1945)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_German_forces_(May_6,_1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> German forces (May 6, 1945)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>7th Army</b><br />• XIII Corps<br />• XII Corps<br /><b>4th Panzer Army</b><br />• LXXXX Corps<br />• <i>Hermann Goering</i> Panzer Corps<br />• <i>Grossdeutschland</i> Panzer Corps<br />• LVII Panzer Corps<br /><b>17th Army</b><br />• VIII Corps<br />• XVII Corps<br />• XXXX Corps<br /><b>1st Panzer Army</b><br />• XI Corps<br />• LIX Corps<br />• LXXII Corps<br />• XXXXIX Corps<br />• XXIV Panzer Corps<br /><b>8th Army</b><br />• <i>Feldherrnhalle</i> Panzer Corps<br />• XXXXIII Corps</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dukla_Pass_battle_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Dukla_Pass_battle_monument.jpg/220px-Dukla_Pass_battle_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Dukla_Pass_battle_monument.jpg/330px-Dukla_Pass_battle_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Dukla_Pass_battle_monument.jpg/440px-Dukla_Pass_battle_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dukla_Pass" title="Battle of the Dukla Pass">Battle of the Dukla Pass</a> monument</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Prague offensive</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Пражская стратегическая наступательная операция</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Prazhskaya strategicheskaya nastupatel'naya operatsiya</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Prague strategic offensive') was the last major military operation of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in Europe. The offensive was fought on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> from 6 May to 11 May 1945. Fought concurrently with the <a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a>, the offensive significantly helped the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Czechoslovakia_in_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945">liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945</a>. The offensive was <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">one of the last engagements</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II in Europe">World War II in Europe</a> and continued after <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <a href="/wiki/German_instrument_of_surrender" class="mw-redirect" title="German instrument of surrender">unconditional capitulation</a> on 8/9 May. </p><p>The city of Prague was ultimately liberated by the USSR during the Prague offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the German troops of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Centre" title="Army Group Centre">Army Group Centre</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Heeresgruppe Mitte</i></span>) and many of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Ostmark" title="Army Group Ostmark">Army Group Ostmark</a> (formerly known as Army Group South) were killed or captured, or fell into the hands of the Allies after the capitulation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_and_military_developments">Political and military developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political and military developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the beginning of May 1945, Germany had been decisively defeated by the coalition of the Western Allies and the Soviet Union. Germany's capital, Berlin, was on the verge of capitulation in the face of a massive Soviet <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">attack</a> and the great bulk of Germany had been conquered. </p><p>However, in southeastern Germany, parts of Austria and Czechoslovakia, there were still large bodies of active German troops of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Centre" title="Army Group Centre">Army Group Centre</a> and the remnants of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Ostmark" title="Army Group Ostmark">Army Group Ostmark</a>. On 2 May 1945, <a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jodl" title="Alfred Jodl">Alfred Jodl</a>, Chief of Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a></i>, ordered the German forces to avoid being captured by Russia and facilitate separate negotiation with Western Allies.<sup id="cite_ref-tippelskirch/12_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tippelskirch/12-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German remnant forces continued to resist the USSR <a href="/wiki/4th_Ukrainian_Front" title="4th Ukrainian Front">4th</a> and <a href="/wiki/1st_Ukrainian_Front" title="1st Ukrainian Front">1st</a> Ukrainian Fronts while only accepting an armistice on the Western Front. </p><p>The Nazi regime considered Czechoslovakia and neighboring areas as their last bastion in the event that Berlin fell. Therefore, in 1945 they concentrated many powerful military units in the region, including elements of <a href="/wiki/6th_Panzer_Army" title="6th Panzer Army">6th SS Panzer Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/1st_Panzer_Army" title="1st Panzer Army">1st</a> and <a href="/wiki/4th_Panzer_Army" title="4th Panzer Army">4th</a> Panzer Armies, and <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">7th</a>, <a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8th</a> and <a href="/wiki/17th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="17th Army (Wehrmacht)">17th</a> Combined Armies. Jodl had ordered the local Nazi regime to prepare numerous fortified buildings which could serve as offices for the new Nazi government and German High Command.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 30 April to 1 May 1945, <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> Senior Group Leader (<i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i>) and General of Police <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a> announced over the radio in Prague that he would drown any uprising in a "sea of blood".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank was also a general of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>. The situation in Prague was unstable. Frank knew that several Soviet Army fronts were advancing towards Prague. More immediately, he was faced with a city population ready to be liberated. </p><p>At the same time, two divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a> (KONR) arrived in the vicinity of Prague. The KONR 1st Division encamped north of the city while the KONR 2nd Division took up positions south of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983631_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983631-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ostensibly allied with the Germans, the allegiance of the KONR forces would prove to vary depending on the situation they faced. </p><p>On the Allied side, both <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> saw Prague as a particularly important prize, the capture of which could significantly influence the political makeup of postwar Czechoslovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983625–630_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983625–630-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 May 1945, before Berlin was subdued, Stalin issued orders directing the <a href="/wiki/1st_Belorussian_Front" title="1st Belorussian Front">1st Belorussian Front</a> to relieve the <a href="/wiki/1st_Ukrainian_Front" title="1st Ukrainian Front">1st Ukrainian Front</a> in the Berlin area so that the latter could regroup to the south along the <a href="/wiki/Mulde_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulde River">Mulde River</a> and drive on Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983627_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983627-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2nd_Ukrainian_Front" title="2nd Ukrainian Front">2nd Ukrainian Front</a> also received orders on 2 May to drive on Prague from the southeast. Stalin was determined to have the Soviet Army present in force in western Czechoslovakia when the German troops there finally surrendered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrain">Terrain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Terrain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Geography of the Czech Republic">Geography of the Czech Republic</a></div> <p>The terrain over which the Soviets had to advance was varied, but in the main mountainous and forested. The routes of march of the 1st and 4th Ukrainian Fronts were perpendicular to the orientation of the ridges while the 2nd Ukrainian Front was able to move along a less arduous route in regions of lower elevation that led to Prague. In particular, the 1st Ukrainian Front had to cross the <a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountains" title="Ore Mountains">Ore Mountains</a> to advance on Prague from the area north of Dresden and Bautzen. The other significant military terrain obstacle was urban areas, the two largest of which to surmount were Dresden and Prague itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deployment">Deployment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gottgetreu_(Fuerstenau).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gottgetreu_%28Fuerstenau%29.jpg/220px-Gottgetreu_%28Fuerstenau%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gottgetreu_%28Fuerstenau%29.jpg/330px-Gottgetreu_%28Fuerstenau%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gottgetreu_%28Fuerstenau%29.jpg/440px-Gottgetreu_%28Fuerstenau%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption>Rolling terrain of the Ore Mountains</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div style="position:relative;width:400px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Prague offensive is located in Czech Republic"><img alt="Prague offensive is located in Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png/400px-Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png/600px-Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png/800px-Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="608" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.333%;left:61.036%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="8th Army"><img alt="8th Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8th Army</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:96.111%;left:49.099%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="6th SS Panzer Army"><img alt="6th SS Panzer Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b>6th SS Panzer Army</b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.333%;left:80.631%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1st Panzer Army"><img alt="1st Panzer Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Panzer_Army" title="1st Panzer Army">1st Panzer Army</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.778%;left:60.586%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="17th Army"><img alt="17th Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/17th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="17th Army (Wehrmacht)">17th Army</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.889%;left:26.126%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="4th Panzer Army"><img alt="4th Panzer Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/4th_Panzer_Army" title="4th Panzer Army">4th Panzer Army</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.611%;left:19.369%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="7th Army"><img alt="7th Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">7th Army</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.111%;left:7.883%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1st Army"><img alt="1st Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lightgreen_pog.svg/8px-Lightgreen_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lightgreen_pog.svg/12px-Lightgreen_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lightgreen_pog.svg/16px-Lightgreen_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Army (United States)">1st Army</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.556%;left:10.36%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="3rd Army"><img alt="3rd Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lightgreen_pog.svg/8px-Lightgreen_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lightgreen_pog.svg/12px-Lightgreen_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lightgreen_pog.svg/16px-Lightgreen_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Army (United States)">3rd Army</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.333%;left:59.459%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1st Ukrainian Front"><img alt="1st Ukrainian Front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Ukrainian_Front" title="1st Ukrainian Front">1st Ukrainian Front</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.667%;left:85.586%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="4th Ukrainian Front"><img alt="4th Ukrainian Front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/4th_Ukrainian_Front" title="4th Ukrainian Front">4th Ukrainian Front</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70%;left:65.09%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="2nd Ukrainian Front"><img alt="2nd Ukrainian Front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Ukrainian_Front" title="2nd Ukrainian Front">2nd Ukrainian Front</a></b></small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.556%;left:35.36%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Prague"><img alt="Prague" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/City_locator_24.svg/8px-City_locator_24.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/City_locator_24.svg/12px-City_locator_24.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/City_locator_24.svg/16px-City_locator_24.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><small><b><a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague</a></b></small></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Czech_Republic.png" title="File:Relief Map of Czech Republic.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Positions of armies on 6 May 1945; Soviet forces in red, German in gray, and United States in green</div></div></div> <p>With Soviet and U.S. forces pressing in from all sides, Army Group Centre's deployment resembled a horseshoe straddling the historical regions of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>. To the west, the <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">7th Army</a> (formerly part of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Army Group G</a>) had been pushed east by operations of the U.S. Sixth Army Group and had become a subordinate command of Army Group Centre. 7th Army was deployed roughly along a north–south axis in western Czechoslovakia. Besides one Panzer division and one <a href="/wiki/Volksgrenadier" title="Volksgrenadier">Volksgrenadier</a> division, 7th Army had only four other "divisions", two of which were named battle groups (<i>Schulze</i> and <i>Benicke</i>) while the remaining two were replacement army formations mobilized for combat and filled out with military school staffs and trainees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin197452_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin197452-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the northeast of Prague and just north of Dresden and Bautzen, the <a href="/wiki/4th_Panzer_Army" title="4th Panzer Army">4th Panzer Army</a> defended along a front running slightly southeast. 4th Panzer Army had five Panzer or mechanized divisions, as well as 13 other divisions or battle groups.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin1973228_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1973228-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, 4th Panzer Army had just won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bautzen_(1945)" title="Battle of Bautzen (1945)">Battle of Bautzen</a>, damaging the Soviet <a href="/wiki/52nd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="52nd Army (Soviet Union)">52nd</a> and Polish <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Army (Poland)">2nd</a> Armies. </p><p>To 4th Panzer Army's right (eastern) flank was <a href="/wiki/17th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="17th Army (Wehrmacht)">17th Army</a>. The 17th counted 11 divisions, including one Panzer and one motorized division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin197653_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin197653-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were organized into three corps and deployed in an arc that began about 40 kilometers SW of Breslau and which led to the southeast in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>. </p><p>From here the front ran southeast to <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/1st_Panzer_Army" title="1st Panzer Army">1st Panzer Army</a> was deployed, including a salient that jutted eastward around Olomouc. 1st Panzer Army was outsized with six Panzer or motorized divisions in addition to 19 others organized into five corps; five divisions were directly under control of the army headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin19738_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin19738-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In southern Moravia, Army Group Ostmark's <a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8th Army</a> was deployed on a front leading to the southwest into Austria where its right flank met up with the 6th SS Panzer Army in the area north and west of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. 8th Army could call on a Panzer division and a motorized division, as well as six other divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin197490_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin197490-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Facing part of the German 1st Panzer and 8th Armies in the region of <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, the Soviet 2nd Ukrainian Front numbered 37 rifle divisions, six cavalry divisions, and four tank or mechanized corps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2nd Ukrainian Front was expected to advance northwest over the less mountainous country to Prague and would lead its advance with the <a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Army" title="6th Guards Tank Army">6th Guards Tank Army</a>. Soviet allied forces with 2nd Ukrainian Front were the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(Romania)" title="First Army (Romania)">1st</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(Romania)" title="Fourth Army (Romania)">4th Romanian</a> Armies, totaling 12 infantry divisions and three cavalry divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Confronting primarily the 1st Panzer Army, the 4th Ukrainian Front commanded 34 rifle divisions and one tank corps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4th Ukrainian Front faced the obstacles of Olomouc, a small city, and multiple hill ranges which cut across the projected line of advance. Unlike 2nd Ukrainian Front, the 4th lacked direct and major road connections from Olomouc to Prague, a factor almost guaranteed to slow its rate of advance. Soviet allied forces with 4th Ukrainian Front included the <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Czechoslovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="I Corps (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovak Army Corps</a> of four infantry and one tank brigades. </p><p>From the region north of Dresden and Görlitz over a large arc to the area of <a href="/wiki/Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau">Breslau</a>, the 1st Ukrainian Front counted 71 rifle divisions and three cavalry divisions, as well as nine tank and mechanized corps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bulk of 1st Ukrainian Front's forces were massed north of Dresden for a direct advance on Prague and included the 3rd and 4th Guards Tank Armies. The primary opponent of this thrust would be the 4th Panzer Army. To the east, five combined-arms armies and the Polish 2nd Army made up the left (eastern) wing of the front, the advance of which would pressure mainly the German 17th Army. Facing the main 1st Ukrainian Front advance were the <a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountains" title="Ore Mountains">Ore Mountains</a>, as well as the urban areas of Dresden and Bautzen. </p><p>The main axes of late-war Soviet offensives were marked on the one hand by tank armies and by the presence of <a href="/wiki/Reserve_of_the_Supreme_High_Command" title="Reserve of the Supreme High Command">Reserve of the Supreme High Command</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Stavka_of_the_Supreme_High_Command" title="Stavka of the Supreme High Command">Stavka</a></i> Reserve) artillery divisions on the other. In May 1945, the 1st Ukrainian Front counted six artillery divisions and one rocket launcher division (as well as one Polish artillery division), the 4th Ukrainian Front had two artillery divisions, and the 2nd Ukrainian Front commanded four artillery divisions and one rocket launcher division.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Facing the German 7th Army to the west were the U.S. <a href="/wiki/VIII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VIII Corps (United States)">VIII Corps</a> (of the 9th Army),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989533_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989533-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(United_States)" title="XII Corps (United States)">XII Corps</a> (both of the 3rd Army). VIII Corps numbered one armored and three infantry divisions<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while V Corps was made up of one armored division and two infantry divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional infantry division under control of 3rd Army Headquarters was also in V Corps' sector,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a second armored division would be subordinated to V Corps before <a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> XII Corps commanded two armored divisions and two infantry divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exerting some pressure on German 7th Army, these corps of the U.S. Army did not advance on Prague although their presence in western Bohemia stimulated Czech resistance to the German occupation, indirectly influencing the <a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By agreement with the Soviets, the U.S. forces did not advance in strength eastward of an irregular demarcation line that at points touched Leipzig, Karlovy Vary, and Plzen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201017_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201017-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Realizing that the Soviets would attack Army Group Centre following the surrender of Berlin, on 5 May <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sch%C3%B6rner" title="Ferdinand Schörner">Field Marshal Schörner</a> devised a plan (<i>Blumen-Operation</i>) in which the units of Army Group Centre would attempt a fighting withdrawal to the west where they would be in a position to surrender to U.S. forces versus those of the Soviet Union. Schörner envisioned withdrawal phase lines (given the names of flowers) and intended for the 4th Panzer Army to hold off the 1st Ukrainian Front long enough for the other field armies of the army group to fall back to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel_staff1955_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel_staff1955-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prague_uprising">Prague uprising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prague uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demarkacni_cara_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Demarkacni_cara_1945.jpg/220px-Demarkacni_cara_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Demarkacni_cara_1945.jpg/330px-Demarkacni_cara_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Demarkacni_cara_1945.jpg/440px-Demarkacni_cara_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Demarcation line between the Soviet and American armies, May 1945</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a></div> <p>The orders from Stalin on 1 May to the three fronts called for the offensive to commence on 7 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983627_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983627-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 May, Marshal Konev provided detailed orders to his army commanders for three thrusts by the 1st Ukrainian Front. A main thrust would occur on the right (western) wing with three combined-arms armies, two tank armies (3rd and 4th Guards Tank Armies) and five artillery divisions, following the valleys of the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vltava" title="Vltava">Vltava</a> Rivers. A secondary thrust by the 28th and 52nd Armies was to advance on an axis from <a href="/wiki/Zittau" title="Zittau">Zittau</a> to Prague, and a final thrust by the Polish 2nd Army was to cut off the southeastern approaches to Dresden. Dresden itself was to be taken by the 5th Guards Army as part of the main thrust.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983632_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983632-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suggesting to General <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Antonov" title="Aleksei Antonov">Antonov</a> that a U.S. advance to Prague was now feasible, General Eisenhower was informed that such was not desired by the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983633_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983633-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the meeting with Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Konev" title="Ivan Konev">Ivan Konev</a> on 5 May, General <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a> also proposed the same offer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Marshal Konev – while he appreciated the good will of the American commander – refused the offer because Bradley's proposal violated the negotiated borderline between Soviet and Anglo-American forces; therefore, Konev had no authority to accept it. Konev also promised that the USSR alone would destroy local German forces as soon as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that point, events external to formal military planning erupted. By 5 May, the lead units of the U.S. V Corps had reached Plzen,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989532_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989532-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with word of the American advance reaching the residents of Prague and playing a part in the decision of the city's Czech citizens to rise up against the German occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The uprising in Prague came into immediate conflict with the German occupation forces. Fighting in desperate circumstances, the Czechs <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Czech_Radio" title="Battle for Czech Radio">gained control of a radio station</a> and, besides calling on Czechs to join the uprising, also broadcast on 5 May an appeal in Russian and English for air support to hold off German armored units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These developments prompted Stalin to hasten the start of the Soviet offensive and it was ordered to commence one day earlier, on 6 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995273_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995273-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adding to the confusion in Prague but providing useful assistance to the Czechs, the 1st Division of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a> (ROA) under <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bunyachenko" title="Sergei Bunyachenko">General Bunyachenko</a> moved into Prague and engaged in combat with their erstwhile German allies. By 7 May, the 1st Division had occupied the airport and the radio station.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983635_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983635-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Czech National Council however denounced the ROA. The Soviet government labelled all ROA soldiers as traitors, and their members were sentenced to detention in prison camps. </p><p>On the morning of May 9, the first Soviet tanks arrived in Prague, the first tanks of the 1st Czechoslovak Tank Brigade arrived in the city on May 10. By May 11, the troops were clearing the area of hidden remaining German troops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soviet offensive commenced on 6 May and concluded on 11 May. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="6_May">6 May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 6 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Konev's 1st Ukrainian Front opened the Prague Offensive with an attack by the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Guards_Tank_Army" title="3rd Guards Tank Army">3rd</a> and <a href="/wiki/4th_Guards_Tank_Army" title="4th Guards Tank Army">4th</a> Guard Tank Armies and the <a href="/wiki/13th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="13th Army (Soviet Union)">13th</a>, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Guards_Army" title="3rd Guards Army">3rd Guards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/5th_Guards_Army" title="5th Guards Army">5th Guards</a> combined-arms armies. This group of five armies was Konev's main attack and pushed south from the area around <a href="/wiki/Riesa" title="Riesa">Riesa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995273_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995273-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facing Konev's thrust were troops of the German 4th Panzer Army. The attack opened with a reconnaissance-in-force in the morning, followed by a brief but powerful artillery barrage. 13th, 3rd Guards, and both tank armies (as well as two other tank corps) attacked southward in the afternoon, with the 13th Army and the 4th Guards Tank Army pushing forward some 23 kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By evening, 5th Guards Army had joined the attack with the objective of capturing Dresden. </p><p>Ending a separate 1st Ukrainian Front operation, 40,000 German troops in <a href="/wiki/Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau">Breslau</a> surrendered to the Soviet <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Army (Soviet Union)">6th Army</a> after a two-month-long <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau" title="Siege of Breslau">siege</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 May, 4th Ukrainian Front attacked to the west, intent upon capturing the city of Olomouc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defending against the Soviet attack in front of Olomouc was the 1st Panzer Army. </p><p>In the west, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V</a> and <a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(United_States)" title="XII Corps (United States)">XII Corps</a> attacked into western Czechoslovakia against the defenses of the German 7th Army. Elements of the <a href="/wiki/16th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="16th Armored Division (United States)">16th Armored Division</a> captured Plzen while a <a href="/wiki/Combat_command" title="Combat command">combat command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Armored Division (United States)">4th Armored Division</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Strakonice" title="Strakonice">Strakonice</a>. In all, the two corps advanced into Czechoslovakia with a strength of seven divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989533_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989533-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the north, the U.S. VIII Corps was subordinated to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Ninth_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth United States Army">Ninth Army</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="7_May">7 May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 7 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Continuing the main attack of the 1st Ukrainian Front, 3rd Guards Army captured <a href="/wiki/Meissen" title="Meissen">Meissen</a>, home of the famous German <a href="/wiki/Meissen_porcelain" title="Meissen porcelain">porcelain</a>. The 13th Army and the 4th Guards Tank Army pushed 45 kilometers further to the south and reached the northern slope of the Ore Mountains. The 3rd Guards Tank Army and 5th Guards Army began the battle to capture Dresden. The 2nd Polish Army thrust to the southwest in support of the operations against Dresden. Farther to the east, the second attack of the front developed as the <a href="/wiki/28th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="28th Army (Soviet Union)">28th</a> and <a href="/wiki/52nd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="52nd Army (Soviet Union)">52nd</a> Armies attacked to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following a 30-minute artillery barrage, the <a href="/wiki/7th_Guards_Army" title="7th Guards Army">7th Guards Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Army" title="6th Guards Tank Army">6th Guards Tank Army</a> led an attack to the northwest, opening the offensive of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. Adding to the difficulties of the defending German 8th Army, the Soviet <a href="/wiki/9th_Guards_Army" title="9th Guards Army">9th Guards Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/46th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="46th Army (Soviet Union)">46th Army</a> reinforced the attack on its left (southern) wing. By the end of the day, the front had pushed 12 kilometers into the German lines along an advance 25 kilometers in breadth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the 2nd and 1st Ukrainian Fronts, the 4th Ukrainian Front continued its advance on Olomouc. </p><p>In Prague, German troops reached the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Square" title="Old Town Square">Old Town Square</a>, one of the centers of uprising, but later were pushed back. The buildings of <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall_(Prague)" title="Old Town Hall (Prague)">Town Hall</a>, despite being severely damaged, remained in the hands of insurgents for the duration of the uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overwhelming pressure on the uprising and the civilian population continued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 May, Jodl signed the <a href="/wiki/The_end_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="The end of World War II in Europe">surrender of all German forces</a> at <a href="/wiki/SHAEF" class="mw-redirect" title="SHAEF">SHAEF</a>. The surrender was to become effective at 0001 hours on 9 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989534_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989534-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In western Czechoslovakia, upon receipt of the news of the surrender, U.S. forces ceased offensive operations and assumed a defensive posture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989534_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989534-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. V Corps took Karlovy Vary on the day of the surrender. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8_May">8 May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 8 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OKW had last heard from Schörner on 2 May when he reported his intention to fight his way west and surrender his army group to the Americans. On 8 May Colonel Wilhelm Meyer-Detring,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a German liaison officer from <i>OKW</i>, was escorted through the American lines to see Schörner. Meyer-Detring told Schörner that the formal capitulation of Germany meant that any withdrawal as a large formation by troops of Army Group Centre was out of the question, and that the German troops should attempt to make their way west and surrender to U.S. forces. Schörner was skeptical that such was possible. On his return Meyer-Detring reported that Schörner had ordered his operational command to observe the surrender but could not guarantee he would be obeyed everywhere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2011373_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2011373-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke1969134_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiemke1969134-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pushing forward another 40 kilometers, the main thrust of the 1st Ukrainian Front broke through German resistance in the Ore Mountains and approached to within 70-80 kilometers of Prague. The advance of the 4th Guards Tank Army came upon the headquarters of Army Group Centre, capturing or killing the headquarters personnel,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982423_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982423-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not Schörner, who, deserting his command, made his way to <a href="/wiki/Podbo%C5%99any" title="Podbořany">Podbořany</a>, from where he flew to Bavaria the next day in civilian clothes. Nine days later, he was detained in Austria by German troops who handed him over to the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel_staff1955_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel_staff1955-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke1969134_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiemke1969134-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the evening of 8 May, Dresden fell to 3rd Guards Tank Army and the 5th Guards Army. On the same day, the 4th Ukrainian Front pushed the Germans out of Olomouc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviets broadcast a demand that the remaining German forces in the field were to lay down their arms by 23:00 hours that day. No reply was received.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982423_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982423-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without a functioning army group headquarters and leaderless, the component armies of Army Group Centre had been left to their own devices. Schörner's plans for an orderly withdrawal notwithstanding, the bulk of Army Group Centre's troops were destined to be captured by the Soviet Army. </p><p>The Czech National Council (ČNR), lacking significant supplies to support the uprising,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991228_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991228-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fearing large-scale destruction of Prague, and in the wake of the overall German surrender, came to an agreement with the Germans in which the German troops were to leave Prague under conditions of ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991228_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991228-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some SS units, however, continued their attacks against the Czech insurgents in Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgnew2004222_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgnew2004222-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1st KONR Division, its relations with the ČNR broken down<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgnew2004222_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgnew2004222-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and realizing no quarter could be expected from Soviet forces, joined the SS and other German troops in a wary alliance of convenience and started moving west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983636_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983636-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KONR 2nd Division had already contacted the Americans and started the march west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983636_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983636-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9_May">9 May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 9 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg/220px-Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg/330px-Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg/440px-Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Marshal Konev hailed as the Soviets enter Prague, 9 May 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>During the night of 8/9 May, armored units of the 3rd and 4th Guards Tank Armies pushed south some 80 kilometers, entering Prague at daybreak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995274_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995274-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The armored vanguards were shortly followed by elements of the 13th Army and 3rd Guards Army. With the help of the Czech population, Prague was freed of German troops around 10:00 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Red Army casualties were only ten men killed, in what was described as their "easiest victory" of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukes201250_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukes201250-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any event, German troops in and around Prague were anxious to flee to the west, although Soviet columns, Czech <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisans</a>, and an angry Czech populace made the journey to U.S. lines anything but certain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008677_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008677-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late hours of the day (after midnight), units from 4th and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts also reached Prague, including the armored brigade of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Czechoslovak_Army_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Czechoslovak Army Corps">Czechoslovak Army Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrival of the other fronts meant the bulk of Army Group Centre was cut off and forced into a <a href="/wiki/Pocket_(military)" title="Pocket (military)">pocket</a> to the east, northeast, and south of Prague. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="10–11_May"><span id="10.E2.80.9311_May"></span>10–11 May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 10–11 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Soviet units in Prague and pushing further west and south into Bohemia, the Soviet military objectives of the offensive had been met. The bulk of German troops in Army Group Centre were taken prisoner by the Soviets in the two days following the liberation of Prague, while elements of the 1st and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts pushed west to the Chemnitz-Karlovy Vary-Plzen demarcation line with U.S. forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fearing their treatment at the hands of the locals or Soviet Army troops,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008677_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008677-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> remnant formations of Army Group Centre continued their resistance until 10/11 May, and in the cases of some small units, later into May 1945. The left flank of the 2nd Ukrainian Front met with troops of the U.S. Third Army (<a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George Patton</a>) in the regions of <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice" title="České Budějovice">České Budějovice</a> and <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADsek" title="Písek">Písek</a>. Later, 1st and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts met with Americans in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary" title="Karlovy Vary">Karlovy Vary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Klatovy" title="Klatovy">Klatovy</a>. With these unit movements, the Prague Offensive concluded three days after <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">Victory in Europe Day</a>. </p><p>German soldiers, <a href="/wiki/Sudeten_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudeten German">ethnic German</a> civilians, and ethnic Czech collaborators fleeing Prague were surprised by the advancing Soviets and were completely routed. The Czech partisans resumed hostilities against the fleeing German troops regardless of their intentions or nationality, in what the veterans of the <a href="/wiki/20th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Estonian)" title="20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)">20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)</a> who had laid their weapons down in May 1945 recalled as the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Hell" title="Czech Hell">Czech Hell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEstonian_State_Commission_on_Examination_of_Policies_of_Repression200535_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstonian_State_Commission_on_Examination_of_Policies_of_Repression200535-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiioKaasik2006927–968_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiioKaasik2006927–968-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last shots were fired close to the Slivice settlement, 4 kilometers southeast of the town of <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADbram" title="Příbram">Příbram</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberation_of_Prague_OBVERSE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Liberation_of_Prague_OBVERSE.jpg/170px-Liberation_of_Prague_OBVERSE.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Liberation_of_Prague_OBVERSE.jpg/255px-Liberation_of_Prague_OBVERSE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Liberation_of_Prague_OBVERSE.jpg/340px-Liberation_of_Prague_OBVERSE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>To honor the participants of the operation, the Soviet Union instituted the <a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Liberation_of_Prague%22" title="Medal "For the Liberation of Prague"">Medal "For the Liberation of Prague"</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_political_considerations">Military and political considerations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Military and political considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Prague Offensive destroyed Army Group Centre and parts of Army Group Ostmark. These army groups were the last large intact military formations of Germany, and following the offensive, all surviving German soldiers became prisoners of war or fugitives. </p><p>The number of German prisoners taken by the Soviet Union reached almost 900,000 and other Axis soldiers, numbering at least in the tens of thousands, surrendered to U.S. forces in western Czechoslovakia and Austria,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201016_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201016-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although numbers of these were later turned over to the Soviet Union. </p><p>Czechoslovakia was free of the German occupation regime for the first time since late 1938. The country's prewar borders, however, would not be completely restored as the Soviets engineered the cession of <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a> to the USSR in July 1945. </p><p>Western Czechoslovakia was split by a military frontier of superpowers, on one side of which was the Soviet Army and on the other side of which was the U.S. Army. Although both armies would depart Czechoslovakia by the end of 1945, Stalin had achieved his goal of ensuring a strong Soviet military presence in Prague at the time of the surrender of German forces in Czechoslovakia. </p><p>Communist influence in the postwar Czechoslovak Army and government mounted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991229–230_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991229–230-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Czech soldiers who had fought with the Western Allies found themselves increasingly on the sidelines, and the country itself was forced to become a Soviet satellite state in 1948 by <a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">a communist coup</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immediate_deaths_of_prominent_figures">Immediate deaths of prominent figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Immediate deaths of prominent figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even before the start of the Soviet offensive, on 5 May, <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Moravec" title="Emanuel Moravec">Emanuel Moravec</a> died of suicide. Moravec, known as the "Czech <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a>," was infamous among the Czechs as a <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">traitor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2009_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2009-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaggers1993_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaggers1993-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SS-Obergruppenführer und Reichstatthalter <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Henlein" title="Konrad Henlein">Konrad Henlein</a>, the former Czechoslovak politician and the leader of the Nazi Party of <a href="/wiki/Sudeten_Germans" title="Sudeten Germans">Sudeten Germans</a>, died of suicide in American captivity on 10 May. </p><p>On 12 May, SS-Gruppenfuhüer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS Count <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_P%C3%BCckler-Burghauss" title="Carl Friedrich von Pückler-Burghauss">Pückler-Burghauss</a>, commander of Waffen-SS in the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate</a>, died of suicide after he signed the capitulation. </p><p>On 14 May, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a>, the State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, was arrested in Prague. He was brutally beaten by the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> and transferred to the hospital wing of <a href="/wiki/Pankr%C3%A1c_Prison" title="Pankrác Prison">Pankrác Prison</a>, where he died on 27 June 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography_of_the_offensive">Historiography of the offensive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historiography of the offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volume 10 of the Soviet official history of the Second World War treats the Prague Offensive as a primarily military event,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982416–426_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982416–426-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identifying the major military formations involved, their axes of advance, and in some cases, their daily rate of advance. Unsurprisingly, the Soviet history praises the operation for the international efforts of Soviet, Polish, Czech, and Romanian soldiers on behalf of "the freedom of the Czechoslovakian People".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No mention is made, however, of Stalin's political intentions regarding Czechoslovakia. The final push to Prague during the night of 8–9 May 1945 is presented as having been necessary to relieve struggling Czech insurgents in Prague<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the authors could not resist accusing former officers of the prewar Czech Army of abandoning the barricades during combat with the Germans in Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That the offensive was a military event involving serious combat is made clear by the over 50,000 casualties suffered by the Soviet forces and their allies from 6 to 11 May 1945. Published in 2008, Volume 10/1 of the German official history of the war criticizes the Soviet view of the event, noting the percentage of casualties of the Prague Offensive to be far lower than that of the Berlin Offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008675_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008675-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German official history makes note of Stalin's political intentions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008675_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008675-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his desire to prevent Army Group Centre from surrendering to U.S. forces. Despite titling the relevant section <i>The End of Army Group Centre,</i> the German official history only briefly mentions the situation of the army group in May 1945 and instead discusses other topics. The actual surrender of Army Group Centre is not discussed at all. </p><p>There are unofficial histories that touch upon the offensive, or more generally, on the end of the war in Czechoslovakia. Somewhere between the official German and Soviet views, <a href="/wiki/John_Erickson_(historian)" title="John Erickson (historian)">John Erickson</a>'s <i>The Road to Berlin</i> discusses the offensive in some detail while including mention of Stalin's intentions, the Prague uprising, and role of the Russian Liberation Army. Erickson wrote the work to present a balanced view of Soviet politics and military operations during the war, and so his description of actions by German forces is correspondingly limited.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Losses">Losses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Losses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Army_section_Olsany_Cemetery_Prague_CZ_056.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Red_Army_section_Olsany_Cemetery_Prague_CZ_056.jpg/220px-Red_Army_section_Olsany_Cemetery_Prague_CZ_056.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Red_Army_section_Olsany_Cemetery_Prague_CZ_056.jpg/330px-Red_Army_section_Olsany_Cemetery_Prague_CZ_056.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Red_Army_section_Olsany_Cemetery_Prague_CZ_056.jpg/440px-Red_Army_section_Olsany_Cemetery_Prague_CZ_056.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ol%C5%A1any_Cemetery" title="Olšany Cemetery">Olšany Cemetery</a> in Prague: Honorary burial site of Soviet soldiers fallen during the battle of the city.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_and_Soviet_allied_nations">Soviet and Soviet allied nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Soviet and Soviet allied nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personnel <ul><li>11,997 irrecoverable</li> <li>40,501 wounded and sick</li> <li>Total 52,498<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Matériel<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>373 tanks and self-propelled guns</li> <li>1,006 artillery pieces</li> <li>80 aircraft</li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table style="font-size: 85%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:DarkRed; color:white;"> <th colspan="5">Losses: Soviet and Soviet Allied, Prague Offensive<br />Source: G. F. Krivosheev, <i>Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century, p. 159</i> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:DarkRed; color:white;"> <th>Unit(s) </th> <th>Strength 6 May 1945 </th> <th>Total losses </th> <th>Average daily losses </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;">1st Ukrainian Front </th> <td>806,400 </td> <td>23,383 </td> <td>3,897 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;">2nd Ukrainian Front </th> <td>613,400 </td> <td>14,436 </td> <td>2,406 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;">4th Ukrainian Front </th> <td>350,900 </td> <td>11,529 </td> <td>1,922 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;">Polish 2nd Army </th> <td>69,500 </td> <td>887 </td> <td>148 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;">Romanian 1st and<br />4th Armies </th> <td>139,500 </td> <td>1,730 </td> <td>288 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;">Czechoslovak Army Corps </th> <td>48,400 </td> <td>533 </td> <td>89 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Losses in men of both army groups taken prisoner by the Soviets amounted to some 860,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYPL_staff2012_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYPL_staff2012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviets claimed to have captured 9,500 guns and mortars, 1,800 armored vehicles, and 1,100 aircraft in the course of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a> – 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a> – 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a> – 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">End of World War II in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_stand" title="Last stand">Last stand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Czech losses do not include those of the Prague uprising or of partisan formations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under the laws of war at that time there was a distinction between those captured and those who "[fell] into the power" of the enemy after a mass capitulation. The <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Prisoners_of_War_(1929)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)">1929 Geneva Convention</a> only covered those who were captured during the fighting not those who fell into the power of an enemy following a mass capitulation (See <a href="/wiki/Disarmed_Enemy_Forces" title="Disarmed Enemy Forces">Disarmed Enemy Forces</a>). This was explicitly changed in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Third Geneva Convention</a> (1949)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">VIII Corps was subordinated to 1st Army until 6 May 1945. Anticipating a combat role for 1st Army Headquarters in the Pacific Theater of Operations, the 1st Army relinquished control of its subordinate commands in the first week of May 1945. These commands were in turn subordinated to the 9th Army. See Williams' <i>Chronology</i> (1989), pp. 530 and 533.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">6th Armored Division, and 76th, 87th, and 89th Infantry Divisions (<a href="#CITEREFGreenwald1945">Greenwald 1945</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/6AD-ETO.htm">6th Armored Division</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/76ID-ETO.htm">76th Infantry Division</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/87ID-ETO.htm">87th Infantry Division</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/89ID-ETO.htm">89th Infantry Division</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions, and 9th Armored Division (<a href="#CITEREFGreenwald1945">Greenwald 1945</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/1ID-ETO-OB.htm">1st Infantry Division</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/2ID-ETO.htm">2nd Infantry Division</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/9AD-ETO.htm">9th Armored Division</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">97th Infantry Division (<a href="#CITEREFGreenwald1945">Greenwald 1945</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/97ID-ETO.htm">97th Infantry Division</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">16th Armored Division (<a href="#CITEREFGreenwald1945">Greenwald 1945</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/16AD-ETO.htm">16th Armored Division</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4th and 11th Armored Divisions, and 26th and 90th Infantry Divisions (<a href="#CITEREFGreenwald1945">Greenwald 1945</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/4AD-ETO.htm">4th Armored Division</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/11AD-ETO.htm">11th Armored Division</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/26ID-ETO.htm">26th Infantry Division</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/90ID-ETO.htm">90th Infantry Division</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilhelm Meyer-Detring, 1906-2002, later became a lieutenant-general and commander of the I Corps in the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a>, retiring from military service in 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Like many institutions in Nazi Germany the control of the Army was split between different chains of command that reported directly to Hitler. In 1945 the <i>German Armed Forces High Command</i> (OKW) commanded all German forces in every theatre apart from those on the Eastern Front which were under the control of <i><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres" title="Oberkommando des Heeres">Oberkommando des Heeres</a></i> ("German Army High Command") (OKH) and which, before his suicide, had both reported directly to <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>. So it was not clear if Schörner was under the command of OKW on 8 May or if <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(German_Reich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Count_Lutz_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk">von Krosigk</a> needed to order Schörner, to surrender his army group.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krivosheev, pp. 158-159, presents force totals and daily casualty figures that confirm the assertion of the German official history. As an example, during the Berlin Operation 1st Ukrainian Front on average suffered the loss of 84.6 men per divisional equivalent per day, while the corresponding figure for the same formation during the Prague Offensive was 45.3. Soviet losses may have declined following the announcement of German surrender on 8/9 May 1945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While there are a variety of sources discussing the fates of some of the individual German units, there does not appear to be a single comprehensive work presenting the combat actions and capitulations of the German units in Army Groups Centre and Ostmark during the period 6–11 May 1945.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrajdl2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrajdl2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrajdl2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrajdl2007">Frajdl 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008674-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008674_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLakowski2008">Lakowski 2008</a>, p. 674.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiemke2002498-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke2002498_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZiemke2002">Ziemke 2002</a>, p. 498.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997159_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrivosheev1997">Krivosheev 1997</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995300_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlantz1995">Glantz 1995</a>, p. 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011104001/http://praguemonitor.com/2020/05/11/lest-we-forget-czechs-became-free-nation-may-8-1945-when-germans-surrendered-them">"Lest we forget, the Czechs became a free nation on May 8, 1945"</a>. <i>Praguemonitor.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://praguemonitor.com/2020/05/11/lest-we-forget-czechs-became-free-nation-may-8-1945-when-germans-surrendered-them">the original</a> on October 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Praguemonitor.com&rft.atitle=Lest+we+forget%2C+the+Czechs+became+a+free+nation+on+May+8%2C+1945&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpraguemonitor.com%2F2020%2F05%2F11%2Flest-we-forget-czechs-became-free-nation-may-8-1945-when-germans-surrendered-them&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tippelskirch/12-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tippelskirch/12_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militera.lib.ru/h/tippelskirch/12.html">Типпельскирх К. История Второй мировой войны. СПб.:Полигон; М.:АСТ,1999. (<i>Tippelskirch K., Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieges. — Bonn, 1954</i>)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. M. Shtemenko. The Soviet General Staff in War. Volume II. Progress Publisher, Moskva, 1985, p. 510.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fronta.cz/dokument/projev-k-h-franka-k-ceskemu-narodu-30-4-1945"><i>Projev K. H. 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class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1983">Erickson 1983</a>, pp. 625–630.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983627-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983627_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983627_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1983">Erickson 1983</a>, p. 627.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin197452-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin197452_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTessin1974">Tessin 1974</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin1973228-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETessin1973228_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTessin1973">Tessin 1973</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETessin197653-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989533_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1989">Williams 1989</a>, p. 533.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983634_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1983">Erickson 1983</a>, p. 634.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201017-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201017_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMendelsohn2010">Mendelsohn 2010</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel_staff1955-30"><span 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href="http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/kraynyukov_kv/05.html">Константин Васильевич Крайнюков. 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М.: Воениздат. 1978.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989532-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989532_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1989">Williams 1989</a>, p. 532.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995273-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995273_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995273_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlantz1995">Glantz 1995</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983635-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983635_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1983">Erickson 1983</a>, p. 635.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982422_37-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUstinov1982">Ustinov 1982</a>, p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahmp.cz/povstani/">PRAŽSKÉ POVSTÁNÍ 5.–9. KVĚTNA 1945. Boj o Staroměstské náměstí a o radniční budovy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahoney2011191_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahoney2011">Mahoney 2011</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989534-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989534_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1989534_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1989">Williams 1989</a>, p. 534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2011373-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2011373_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKershaw2011">Kershaw 2011</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiemke1969134-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke1969134_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke1969134_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZiemke1969">Ziemke 1969</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982423-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982423_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982423_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUstinov1982">Ustinov 1982</a>, p. 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991228-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991228_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991228_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGosztony1991">Gosztony 1991</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgnew2004222-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgnew2004222_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgnew2004222_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAgnew2004">Agnew 2004</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1983636-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983636_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1983636_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1983">Erickson 1983</a>, p. 636.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995274-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz1995274_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlantz1995">Glantz 1995</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982424_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUstinov1982">Ustinov 1982</a>, p. 424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELukes201250-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukes201250_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLukes2012">Lukes 2012</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008677-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008677_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008677_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLakowski2008">Lakowski 2008</a>, p. 677.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEstonian_State_Commission_on_Examination_of_Policies_of_Repression200535-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEstonian_State_Commission_on_Examination_of_Policies_of_Repression200535_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEstonian_State_Commission_on_Examination_of_Policies_of_Repression2005">Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression 2005</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiioKaasik2006927–968-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiioKaasik2006927–968_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiioKaasik2006">Hiio & Kaasik 2006</a>, pp. 927–968.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201016-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn201016_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMendelsohn2010">Mendelsohn 2010</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991229–230-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosztony1991229–230_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGosztony1991">Gosztony 1991</a>, pp. 229–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2009-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2009_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnstone2009">Johnstone 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaggers1993-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaggers1993_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaggers1993">Jaggers 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2018" class="citation cs2">Williamson, David G. (2018-01-29), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315121154-12">"The German opposition"</a>, <i>The Third Reich</i>, Routledge, pp. 134–146, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315121154-12">10.4324/9781315121154-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-12115-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-12115-4"><bdi>978-1-315-12115-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-30</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Third+Reich&rft.atitle=The+German+opposition&rft.pages=134-146&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315121154-12&rft.isbn=978-1-315-12115-4&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9781315121154-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982416–426-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUstinov1982416–426_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUstinov1982">Ustinov 1982</a>, pp. 416–426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELakowski2008675-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008675_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakowski2008675_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLakowski2008">Lakowski 2008</a>, p. 675.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYPL_staff2012-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYPL_staff2012_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYPL_staff2012">YPL staff 2012</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnew2004" class="citation cs2">Agnew, Hugh (2004), <i>The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown</i>, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8179-4491-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8179-4491-5"><bdi>0-8179-4491-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Czechs+and+the+Lands+of+the+Bohemian+Crown&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8179-4491-5&rft.aulast=Agnew&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson1983" class="citation cs2">Erickson, John (1983), <i>The Road to Berlin</i>, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0297772385" title="Special:BookSources/978-0297772385"><bdi>978-0297772385</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Berlin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0297772385&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstonian_State_Commission_on_Examination_of_Policies_of_Repression2005" class="citation cs2">Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114130824/http://www.just.ee/orb.aw/class%3Dfile/action%3Dpreview/id%3D12709/TheWhiteBook.pdf">"Human Losses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. 1940–1991</i>, Estonian Encyclopedia Publishers, p. 35, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.just.ee/orb.aw/class=file/action=preview/id=12709/TheWhiteBook.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-01-14</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Human+Losses&rft.btitle=The+White+Book%3A+Losses+inflicted+on+the+Estonian+nation+by+occupation+regimes.+1940%E2%80%931991&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Estonian+Encyclopedia+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Estonian+State+Commission+on+Examination+of+Policies+of+Repression&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.just.ee%2Forb.aw%2Fclass%3Dfile%2Faction%3Dpreview%2Fid%3D12709%2FTheWhiteBook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlantz1995" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Glantz" class="mw-redirect" title="David Glantz">Glantz, David M.</a> & House, Jonathan (1995), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0"><i>When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler</i></a></span>, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0899-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0899-0"><bdi>0-7006-0899-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Titans+Clashed%3A+How+the+Red+Army+Stopped+Hitler&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7006-0899-0&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=House%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhentitansclashe00glan_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrajdl2007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frajdl, Jiří (8 May 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091002063913/http://www.kcprymarov.estranky.cz/clanky/nase-knihovna/ceske-povstani-v-kvetnu-1945">"České povstání v květnu 1945"</a> [Czech uprising in May 1945], <i>kcprymarov.estranky.cz</i> (in Czech), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcprymarov.estranky.cz/clanky/nase-knihovna/ceske-povstani-v-kvetnu-1945">the original</a> on 2 October 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=kcprymarov.estranky.cz&rft.atitle=%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9+povst%C3%A1n%C3%AD+v+kv%C4%9Btnu+1945&rft.date=2007-05-08&rft.aulast=Frajdl&rft.aufirst=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcprymarov.estranky.cz%2Fclanky%2Fnase-knihovna%2Fceske-povstani-v-kvetnu-1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosztony1991" class="citation cs2">Gosztony, Peter (1991), <i>Stalins Fremde Heere</i>, Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7637-5889-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-7637-5889-5"><bdi>3-7637-5889-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalins+Fremde+Heere&rft.place=Bonn&rft.pub=Bernard+%26+Graefe+Verlag&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=3-7637-5889-5&rft.aulast=Gosztony&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwald1945" class="citation cs2">Greenwald, Robert J. (December 1945), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080311184458/http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/ETOOB-TOC.htm"><i>Order of Battle of the United States Army, World War II, European Theater of Operations: Divisions</i></a>, Paris, France: Office of the Theater Historian, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/ETOOB-TOC.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Order+of+Battle+of+the+United+States+Army%2C+World+War+II%2C+European+Theater+of+Operations%3A+Divisions&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Theater+Historian&rft.date=1945-12&rft.aulast=Greenwald&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fdocuments%2FETO-OB%2FETOOB-TOC.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiioKaasik2006" class="citation cs2">Hiio, Toomas; Kaasik, Peeter (2006), "Estonian units in the Waffen-SS", in Hiio, Toomas; Maripuu, Meelis; Paavle, Indrek (eds.), <i>Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_International_Commission_for_the_Investigation_of_Crimes_Against_Humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity">Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity</a></i>, Tallinn, pp. 927–968</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Estonian+units+in+the+Waffen-SS&rft.btitle=Estonia+1940%E2%80%931945%3A+Reports+of+the+Estonian+International+Commission+for+the+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=927-968&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Hiio&rft.aufirst=Toomas&rft.au=Kaasik%2C+Peeter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaggers1993" class="citation cs2">Jaggers, R.C. (22 September 1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080213100816/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol4no1/pdf/v04i1a01p.pdf"><i>The assassination of Reinhard Heydrich</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol4no1/pdf/v04i1a01p.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 13, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+assassination+of+Reinhard+Heydrich&rft.date=1993-09-22&rft.aulast=Jaggers&rft.aufirst=R.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fcenter-for-the-study-of-intelligence%2Fkent-csi%2Fvol4no1%2Fpdf%2Fv04i1a01p.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstone2009" class="citation cs2">Johnstone, Chris (10 June 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio.cz/en/section/czechs/emanuel-moravec-the-face-of-czech-collaboration-with-the-nazis"><i>Emanuel Moravec the face of Czech collaboration with the Nazis</i></a>, www.radio.cz<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emanuel+Moravec+the+face+of+Czech+collaboration+with+the+Nazis&rft.pub=www.radio.cz&rft.date=2009-06-10&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fen%2Fsection%2Fczechs%2Femanuel-moravec-the-face-of-czech-collaboration-with-the-nazis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2011" class="citation cs2">Kershaw, Ian (2011), <i>The End: Germany, 1944-45</i>, Penguin Books Ltd, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-713-99716-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-713-99716-3"><bdi>978-0-713-99716-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End%3A+Germany%2C+1944-45&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-713-99716-3&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrivosheev1997" class="citation cs2">Krivosheev, Grigori (1997), <i>Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century</i>, London: Greenhill Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1853-672804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1853-672804"><bdi>978-1853-672804</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Casualties+and+Combat+Losses+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1853-672804&rft.aulast=Krivosheev&rft.aufirst=Grigori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakowski2008" class="citation cs2">Lakowski, Richard (2008), <i>Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (Volume 10/1)</i>, Munich: DVA, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-421-06237-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-421-06237-6"><bdi>978-3-421-06237-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Deutsche+Reich+und+der+Zweite+Weltkrieg+%28Volume+10%2F1%29&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=DVA&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-421-06237-6&rft.aulast=Lakowski&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukes2012" class="citation book cs1">Lukes, Igor (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fwjn3NdtpMAC"><i>On the Edge of the Cold War: American Diplomats and Spies in Postwar Prague</i></a>. OUP USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195166798" title="Special:BookSources/9780195166798"><bdi>9780195166798</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Edge+of+the+Cold+War%3A+American+Diplomats+and+Spies+in+Postwar+Prague&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780195166798&rft.aulast=Lukes&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFwjn3NdtpMAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahoney2011" class="citation cs2">Mahoney, William (2011), <i>The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia</i>, Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36305-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36305-4"><bdi>978-0-313-36305-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Czech+Republic+and+Slovakia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36305-4&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendelsohn2010" class="citation cs2">Mendelsohn, Rona (2010), <i>Liberation</i>, Prague: U.S. Embassy in Prague</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberation&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=U.S.+Embassy+in+Prague&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Mendelsohn&rft.aufirst=Rona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDer_Spiegel_staff1955" class="citation cs2">Der Spiegel staff (July 1955), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-31969169.html"><i>Der Spiegel - Der laute Kamerad</i></a>, Spiegel.de<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Spiegel+-+Der+laute+Kamerad&rft.pub=Spiegel.de&rft.date=1955-07&rft.au=Der+Spiegel+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-31969169.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTessin1973" class="citation cs2">Tessin, Georg (1973), <i>Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939-1945 (Volume 2)</i>, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7648-0871-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-7648-0871-3"><bdi>3-7648-0871-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verb%C3%A4nde+und+Truppen+der+deutschen+Wehrmacht+und+Waffen-SS+1939-1945+%28Volume+2%29&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.pub=Biblio+Verlag&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=3-7648-0871-3&rft.aulast=Tessin&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTessin1974" class="citation cs2">Tessin, Georg (1974), <i>Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939-1945 (Volume 3)</i>, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7648-0942-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-7648-0942-6"><bdi>3-7648-0942-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verb%C3%A4nde+und+Truppen+der+deutschen+Wehrmacht+und+Waffen-SS+1939-1945+%28Volume+3%29&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.pub=Biblio+Verlag&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=3-7648-0942-6&rft.aulast=Tessin&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTessin1976" class="citation cs2">Tessin, Georg (1976), <i>Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939-1945 (Volume 4)</i>, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7648-1083-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7648-1083-1"><bdi>3-7648-1083-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verb%C3%A4nde+und+Truppen+der+deutschen+Wehrmacht+und+Waffen-SS+1939-1945+%28Volume+4%29&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.pub=Biblio+Verlag&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=3-7648-1083-1&rft.aulast=Tessin&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTessin1980" class="citation cs2">Tessin, Georg (1980), <i>Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939-1945 (Volume 14)</i>, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7648-1111-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-7648-1111-0"><bdi>3-7648-1111-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verb%C3%A4nde+und+Truppen+der+deutschen+Wehrmacht+und+Waffen-SS+1939-1945+%28Volume+14%29&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.pub=Biblio+Verlag&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=3-7648-1111-0&rft.aulast=Tessin&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUstinov1982" class="citation cs2">Ustinov, Dmitriy (1982), <i>Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges 1939-1945 (Volume 10)</i>, Berlin: Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+des+zweiten+Weltkrieges+1939-1945+%28Volume+10%29&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Milit%C3%A4rverlag+der+Deutschen+Demokratischen+Republik&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Ustinov&rft.aufirst=Dmitriy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1989" class="citation cs2">Williams, Mary (Compiler) (1989), <i>Chronology 1941-1945</i>, Washington D.C.: GPO</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+1941-1945&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pub=GPO&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Mary+%28Compiler%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYPL_staff2012" class="citation cs2">YPL staff (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104801/http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=527"><i>The end of Prague Offensive</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeltsin_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeltsin Presidential Library">Yeltsin Presidential Library</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=527">the original</a> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+end+of+Prague+Offensive&rft.pub=Yeltsin+Presidential+Library&rft.date=2012&rft.au=YPL+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prlib.ru%2Fen-us%2FHistory%2FPages%2FItem.aspx%3Fitemid%3D527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiemke1969" class="citation cs2">Ziemke, Earl F. (1969), <i>Battle for Berlin: end of the Third Reich</i>, New York: Ballantine</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+for+Berlin%3A+end+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ballantine&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiemke2002" class="citation cs2">Ziemke, Earl F. (2002), <i>Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East</i>, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalingrad+to+Berlin%3A+The+German+Defeat+in+the+East&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_offensive&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonev1969" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Konev" title="Ivan Konev">Konev, I. v</a> (1969), <i>Year of Victory</i>, Moscow: Progress Publishers</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Year+of+Victory&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Progress+Publishers&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Konev&rft.aufirst=I.+v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrague+offensive" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><i>Советская военная энциклопедия</i> (<i>Soviet Military Encyclopedia</i>), vol. 6 (In Russian). <ul><li><i>The Soviet Military Encyclopedia</i>, A-F: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-1429-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-1429-1">0-8133-1429-1</a>, G-O: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-1430-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-1430-5">0-8133-1430-5</a>, P-Z: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-1431-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-1431-3">0-8133-1431-3</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-01-14T07:29:37Z","dateModified":"2024-10-20T16:24:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cf\/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_ofenz%C3%ADva.jpg","headline":"last major military operation on the Eastern Front (6\u201311 May 1945)"}</script> </body> </html>