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system</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: macroscopic system"> <meta name="keywords" content="macroscopic system"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="macroscopic system"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17688</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: macroscopic system</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17688</span> Quantum Entanglement and Thermalization in Superconducting Two-Qubit Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Karami">E. Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bohloul"> M. Bohloul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Najmadi"> P. Najmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The superconducting system is a suitable system for quantum computers. Quantum entanglement is a fundamental phenomenon that is key to the power of quantum computers. Quantum entanglement has been studied in different superconducting systems. In this paper, we are investigating a superconducting two-qubit system as a macroscopic system. These systems include two coupled Quantronium circuits. We calculate quantum entanglement and thermalization for system evolution and compare them. We observe, thermalization and entanglement have different behavior, and equilibrium thermal state has maximum entanglement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroscopic%20system" title="macroscopic system">macroscopic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20entanglement" title=" quantum entanglement"> quantum entanglement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermalization" title=" thermalization"> thermalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting%20system" title=" superconducting system"> superconducting system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148726/quantum-entanglement-and-thermalization-in-superconducting-two-qubit-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17687</span> Distributed Actor System for Traffic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Wang">Han Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuoxian%20Dai"> Zhuoxian Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhe%20Zhu"> Zhe Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Zhang"> Hui Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyu%20Zeng"> Zhenyu Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In traditional microscopic traffic simulation, various approaches have been suggested to implement the single-agent behaviors about lane changing and intelligent driver model. However, when it comes to very large metropolitan areas, microscopic traffic simulation requires more resources and become time-consuming, then macroscopic traffic simulation aggregate trends of interests rather than individual vehicle traces. In this paper, we describe the architecture and implementation of the actor system of microscopic traffic simulation, which exploits the distributed architecture of modern-day cloud computing. The results demonstrate that our architecture achieves high-performance and outperforms all the other traditional microscopic software in all tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this the first system that enables single-agent behavior in macroscopic traffic simulation. We thus believe it contributes to a new type of system for traffic simulation, which could provide individual vehicle behaviors in microscopic traffic simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actor%20system" title="actor system">actor system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20system" title=" distributed system"> distributed system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20simulation" title=" traffic simulation"> traffic simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128664/distributed-actor-system-for-traffic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17686</span> Stern-Gerlach Force in Quantum Magnetic Field and Schrodinger's Cat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandip%20Singh">Mandip Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantum entanglement plays a fundamental role in our understanding of counter-intuitive aspects of quantum reality. If classical physics is an approximation of quantum physics, then quantum entanglement should persist at a macroscopic scale. In this paper, a thought experiment is presented where a free falling spin polarized Bose-Einstein condensate interacts with a quantum superimposed magnetic field of nonzero gradient. In contrast to the semiclassical Stern-Gerlach experiment, the magnetic field and the spin degrees of freedom both are considered to be quantum mechanical in a generalized scenario. As a consequence, a Bose-Einstein condensate can be prepared at distinct locations in space in a sense of quantum superposition. In addition, the generation of Schrodinger-cat like quantum states shall be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schrodinger-cat%20quantum%20states" title="Schrodinger-cat quantum states">Schrodinger-cat quantum states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroscopic%20entanglement" title=" macroscopic entanglement"> macroscopic entanglement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroscopic%20quantum%20fields" title=" macroscopic quantum fields"> macroscopic quantum fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundations%20of%20quantum%20physics" title=" foundations of quantum physics"> foundations of quantum physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74746/stern-gerlach-force-in-quantum-magnetic-field-and-schrodingers-cat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17685</span> Hypergraph for System of Systems modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haffaf%20Hafid">Haffaf Hafid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypergraphs, after being used to model the structural organization of System of Sytems (SoS) at macroscopic level, has recent trends towards generalizing this powerful representation at different stages of complex system modelling. In this paper, we first describe different applications of hypergraph theory, and step by step, introduce multilevel modeling of SoS by means of integrating Constraint Programming Langages (CSP) dealing with engineering system reconfiguration strategy. As an application, we give an A.C.T Terminal controlled by a set of Intelligent Automated Vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypergraph%20model" title="hypergraph model">hypergraph model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20analysis" title=" structural analysis"> structural analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipartite%20graph" title=" bipartite graph"> bipartite graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20of%20systems" title=" system of systems"> system of systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfiguration%20analysis" title=" reconfiguration analysis"> reconfiguration analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypernetwork" title=" hypernetwork"> hypernetwork</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26377/hypergraph-for-system-of-systems-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17684</span> Simulation of 1D Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Argon Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20Wilman%20Crispim">Lucas Wilman Crispim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patr%C3%ADcia%20Hallack"> Patrícia Hallack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maikel%20%20Ballester"> Maikel Ballester</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims at modeling electric discharges in gas mixtures. The mathematical model mimics the ignition process in a commercial spark-plug when a high voltage is applied to the plug terminals. A longitudinal unidimensional Cartesian domain is chosen for the simulation region. Energy and mass transfer are considered for a macroscopic fluid representation, while energy transfer in molecular collisions and chemical reactions are contemplated at microscopic level. The macroscopic model is represented by a set of uncoupled partial differential equations. Microscopic effects are studied within a discrete model for electronic and molecular collisions in the frame of ZDPlasKin, a plasma modeling numerical tool. The BOLSIG+ solver is employed in solving the electronic Boltzmann equation. An operator splitting technique is used to separate microscopic and macroscopic models. The simulation gas is a mixture of atomic Argon neutral, excited and ionized. Spatial and temporal evolution of such species and temperature are presented and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20discharge" title=" electronic discharge"> electronic discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignition" title=" ignition"> ignition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plug" title=" spark plug"> spark plug</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91943/simulation-of-1d-dielectric-barrier-discharge-in-argon-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17683</span> Radiosensitization Properties of Gold Nanoparticles in Brachytherapy of Uterus Cancer by High Dose Rate I-125 Seed: A Simulation Study by MCNPX and MCNP6 Codes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Mansouri">Elham Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Mesbahi"> Asghar Mesbahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: In the current study, we aimed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic dose enhancement effect of metallic nanoparticles in interstitial brachytherapy of uterus cancer by Iodin-125 source using a nano-lattice model in MCNPX (5) and MCNP6.1 codes. Materials and methods: Based on a nano-lattice simulation model containing a radiation source and a tumor tissue with cellular compartments loaded with 7mg/g spherical nanoparticles (bismuth, gold, and gadolinium), the energy deposited by the secondary electrons in microscopic and macroscopic level was estimated. Results: The results show that the values of macroscopic DEF is higher than microscopic DEF values and the macroscopic DEF values decreases as a function of distance from the brachytherapy source surface. Also, the results revealed a remarkable discrepancy between the DEF and secondary electron spectra calculated by MCNPX (5) and MCNP6.1 codes, which could be justified by the difference in energy cut-off and electron transport algorithms of two codes. Conclusion: According to the both MCNPX (5) and MCNP6.1 outputs, it could be concluded that the presence of metallic nanoparticles in the tumor tissue of uteruscancer increases the physical effectiveness of brachytherapy by I-125 source. The results presented herein give a physical view of radiosensitization potential of different metallic nanoparticles and could be considered in design of analytical and experimental radiosensitization studies in tumor regions using various radiotherapy modalities in the presence of heavy nanomaterials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNPX" title="MCNPX">MCNPX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP6" title=" MCNP6"> MCNP6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brachytherapy" title=" brachytherapy"> brachytherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148055/radiosensitization-properties-of-gold-nanoparticles-in-brachytherapy-of-uterus-cancer-by-high-dose-rate-i-125-seed-a-simulation-study-by-mcnpx-and-mcnp6-codes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17682</span> Statistical Feature Extraction Method for Wood Species Recognition System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Iz%27aan%20Paiz%20Bin%20Zamri">Mohd Iz'aan Paiz Bin Zamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20Salwa%20Mohd%20Khairuddin"> Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norrima%20Mokhtar"> Norrima Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubiyah%20Yusof"> Rubiyah Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective statistical feature extraction and classification are important in image-based automatic inspection and analysis. An automatic wood species recognition system is designed to perform wood inspection at custom checkpoints to avoid mislabeling of timber which will results to loss of income to the timber industry. The system focuses on analyzing the statistical pores properties of the wood images. This paper proposed a fuzzy-based feature extractor which mimics the experts’ knowledge on wood texture to extract the properties of pores distribution from the wood surface texture. The proposed feature extractor consists of two steps namely pores extraction and fuzzy pores management. The total number of statistical features extracted from each wood image is 38 features. Then, a backpropagation neural network is used to classify the wood species based on the statistical features. A comprehensive set of experiments on a database composed of 5200 macroscopic images from 52 tropical wood species was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed feature extractor. The advantage of the proposed feature extraction technique is that it mimics the experts’ interpretation on wood texture which allows human involvement when analyzing the wood texture. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inspection%20system" title=" inspection system"> inspection system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20analysis" title=" image analysis"> image analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroscopic%20images" title=" macroscopic images"> macroscopic images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36415/statistical-feature-extraction-method-for-wood-species-recognition-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17681</span> Numerical Homogenization of Nacre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Arunachalam">M. Arunachalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pandey"> M. Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nacre, a biological material that forms the inner-layer of sea shells can achieve high toughness and strength by way of staggered arrangement of strong tablets with soft and weak organic interface. Under applied loads the tablets slide over the adjacent tablets, thus generating inelastic deformation and toughness on macroscopic scale. A two dimensional finite element based homogenization methodology is adopted for obtaining the effective material properties of Nacre using a representative volume element (RVE) at finite deformations. In this work, the material behaviour for tablet and interface are assumed to be Isotropic elastic and Isotropic elastic-perfectly plastic with strain softening respectively. Numerical experiments such as uniaxial tension test along X, Y directions and simple shear test are performed on the RVE with uniform displacement and periodic constraints applied at the RVE boundaries to obtain the anisotropic homogenized response and maximum local stresses within each constituents of Nacre. Homogenized material model is then tested for macroscopic structure under three point bending condition and the results obtained are comparable with the results obtained for detailed microstructure based structure, thus homogenization provides a bridge between macroscopic scale and microscopic scale and homogenized material properties obtained from microstructural (RVE) analysis could be used in large scale structural analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title="finite element">finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogenization" title=" homogenization"> homogenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20deformation" title=" inelastic deformation"> inelastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staggered%20arrangement" title=" staggered arrangement"> staggered arrangement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37390/numerical-homogenization-of-nacre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17680</span> The Collapse of a Crane on Site: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Teruzzi">T. Teruzzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Antonietti"> S. Antonietti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Mosca"> C. Mosca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Paglia"> C. Paglia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the causes of the structural failure in a tower crane. The structural collapse occurred at the upper joints of the extension element used to increase the height of the crane. The extension element consists of a steel lattice structure made with angular profiles and plates joined to the tower element by arc welding. Macroscopic inspection of the sections showed that the break was always observed on the angular profiles at the weld bead edge. The case study shows how, using mechanical characterization, chemical analysis of the steel and macroscopic and microscopic metallographic examinations, it was possible to obtain significant evidence that identified the mechanism causing the breakage. The analyses identified the causes of the structural failure as the use of materials that were not suitable for welding and poor performance in the welding joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title="failure">failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals" title=" metals"> metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld" title=" weld"> weld</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123226/the-collapse-of-a-crane-on-site-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17679</span> Evaluation of Urban Parks Based on POI Data: Taking Futian District of Shenzhen as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juanling%20Lin">Juanling Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction of urban parks is an important part of eco-city construction, and the intervention of big data provides a more scientific and rational platform for the assessment of urban parks by identifying and correcting the irrationality of urban park planning from the macroscopic level and then promoting the rational planning of urban parks. The study builds an urban park assessment system based on urban road network data and POI data, taking Futian District of Shenzhen as the research object, and utilizes the GIS geographic information system to assess the park system of Futian District in five aspects: park spatial distribution, accessibility, service capacity, demand, and supply-demand relationship. The urban park assessment system can effectively reflect the current situation of urban park construction and provide a useful exploration for realizing the rationality and fairness of urban park planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20parks" title="urban parks">urban parks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20system" title=" assessment system"> assessment system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POI" title=" POI"> POI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20and%20demand" title=" supply and demand"> supply and demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185927/evaluation-of-urban-parks-based-on-poi-data-taking-futian-district-of-shenzhen-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17678</span> Contribution to the Compliance Study of Drugs for Herbal Teas Sold in Pharmacies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahiout%20Tassadit">Mahiout Tassadit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As part of the study of a compliance and quality aspect concerning one of the plant-based products: drugs for herbal teas sold in pharmacies, a survey targeting: the general population (100 people of different age groups) as well as dispensary pharmacists (40 pharmacists from rural or urban areas) of the wilaya of Tizi-Ouzou (central Algeria) was carried out followed by a macroscopic and microscopic analysis of 4 samples of the said drugs, the survey carried out using two questionnaires, the data of which were collected and then analyzed, made it possible to estimate the population's use of herbal products and medicinal plants, and the place occupied by herbal medicine in our pharmacies. The second part made it possible to control and evaluate the information present on the packaging of drugs for herbal teas; anomalies concerning the packaging, labeling and composition of these products were noted. As a result, it is more than necessary to establish regulations for this type of product; the community pharmacist again places himself as an essential element for the proper dispensation of these remedies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drugs" title="drugs">drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20teas" title=" herbal teas"> herbal teas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroscopic%20analysis" title=" macroscopic analysis"> macroscopic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20analysis" title=" microscopic analysis"> microscopic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166070/contribution-to-the-compliance-study-of-drugs-for-herbal-teas-sold-in-pharmacies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17677</span> An Experimental Investigation of Microscopic and Macroscopic Displacement Behaviors of Branched-Preformed Particle Gel in High Temperature Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyao%20Zhu">Weiyao Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingbing%20Li"> Bingbing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yajing%20Liu"> Yajing Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiyong%20Song"> Zhiyong Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Branched-preformed particle gel (B-PPG) is a newly developed profile control and oil displacement agent for enhanced oil recovery in major oilfields. To provide a better understanding of the performance of B-PPG in high temperature reservoirs, a comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted by utilizing glass micromodel and synthetic core. The microscopic experimental results show that the B-PPG can selectively flow and plug in large pores. In terms of enhanced oil recovery, the decrease of residual oil in the margin regions (24.6%) was higher than that in the main stream (13.7%), which indicates it enlarged the sweep area. In addition, the effects of B-PPG injection concentration and injection rate on enhanced oil recovery were implemented by core flooding. The macroscopic experimental results indicate that the enhanced oil recovery increased with the increasing of injection concentration. However, the injection rate had a peak value. It is significant to get insight into the behaviors of B-PPG in reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branched-preformed%20particle%20gel" title="branched-preformed particle gel">branched-preformed particle gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20oil%20recovery" title=" enhanced oil recovery"> enhanced oil recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromodel" title=" micromodel"> micromodel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20flooding" title=" core flooding"> core flooding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78230/an-experimental-investigation-of-microscopic-and-macroscopic-displacement-behaviors-of-branched-preformed-particle-gel-in-high-temperature-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17676</span> Modeling of Anisotropic Hardening Based on Crystal Plasticity Theory and Virtual Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bekim%20Berisha">Bekim Berisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Hirsiger"> Sebastian Hirsiger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Hora"> Pavel Hora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advanced material models involving several sets of model parameters require a big experimental effort. As models are getting more and more complex like e.g. the so called “Homogeneous Anisotropic Hardening - HAH” model for description of the yielding behavior in the 2D/3D stress space, the number and complexity of the required experiments are also increasing continuously. In the context of sheet metal forming, these requirements are even more pronounced, because of the anisotropic behavior or sheet materials. In addition, some of the experiments are very difficult to perform e.g. the plane stress biaxial compression test. Accordingly, tensile tests in at least three directions, biaxial tests and tension-compression or shear-reverse shear experiments are performed to determine the parameters of the macroscopic models. Therefore, determination of the macroscopic model parameters based on virtual experiments is a very promising strategy to overcome these difficulties. For this purpose, in the framework of multiscale material modeling, a dislocation density based crystal plasticity model in combination with a FFT-based spectral solver is applied to perform virtual experiments. Modeling of the plastic behavior of metals based on crystal plasticity theory is a well-established methodology. However, in general, the computation time is very high and therefore, the computations are restricted to simplified microstructures as well as simple polycrystal models. In this study, a dislocation density based crystal plasticity model – including an implementation of the backstress – is used in a spectral solver framework to generate virtual experiments for three deep drawing materials, DC05-steel, AA6111-T4 and AA4045 aluminum alloys. For this purpose, uniaxial as well as multiaxial loading cases, including various pre-strain histories, has been computed and validated with real experiments. These investigations showed that crystal plasticity modeling in the framework of Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) can be used to replace most of the expensive real experiments. Further, model parameters of advanced macroscopic models like the HAH model can be determined from virtual experiments, even for multiaxial deformation histories. It was also found that crystal plasticity modeling can be used to model anisotropic hardening more accurately by considering the backstress, similar to well-established macroscopic kinematic hardening models. It can be concluded that an efficient coupling of crystal plasticity models and the spectral solver leads to a significant reduction of the amount of real experiments needed to calibrate macroscopic models. This advantage leads also to a significant reduction of computational effort needed for the optimization of metal forming process. Further, due to the time efficient spectral solver used in the computation of the RVE models, detailed modeling of the microstructure are possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20hardening" title="anisotropic hardening">anisotropic hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20plasticity" title=" crystal plasticity"> crystal plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structure" title=" micro structure"> micro structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20solver" title=" spectral solver"> spectral solver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91272/modeling-of-anisotropic-hardening-based-on-crystal-plasticity-theory-and-virtual-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17675</span> Macroscopic Evaluation of the Effect of Low-Level Laser and Plasma Jet on Wound Healing in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Tabarsi">Zahra Tabarsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Marjani"> Mehdi Marjani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Najafpour"> Alireza Najafpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alborz%20Mirzade"> Alborz Mirzade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the macroscopic effect of low level laser and plasma jet for wound healing in rats. The study was performed on 40 old male white rats with an average weight of 250 g and an average age of the same age. After preparing the rats from Ibn Sina Research Institute, they were kept the same for one week under environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and light, and nutrition such as the type of diet and the number of meals. Then, to start the research, rats were randomly divided into two groups (A): laser treatment of wounds, group (B): plasma wound treatment. All rats were inhibited 4 hours before each anesthesia under conditions of abstinence and up to 2 hours after drinking water. Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine 10% and xylazine 2%.After scrubbing between two shoulders of each rat, a circular wound was created by sterile 5 mm biopsy puncture. Group A rats were treated with low level laser in three sessions and group B in three sessions with argon plasma. Based on the observed results, it seems that Low level laser radiation has more acceptable and appropriate effects than cold plasma on the healing of rat skin wounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-level%20laser" title="low-level laser">low-level laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20jet" title=" plasma jet"> plasma jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151027/macroscopic-evaluation-of-the-effect-of-low-level-laser-and-plasma-jet-on-wound-healing-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17674</span> Compressible Lattice Boltzmann Method for Turbulent Jet Flow Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Noah">K. Noah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.-S.%20Lien"> F.-S. Lien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), there are a variety of numerical methods, of which some depend on macroscopic model representatives. These models can be solved by finite-volume, finite-element or finite-difference methods on a microscopic description. However, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is considered to be a mesoscopic particle method, with its scale lying between the macroscopic and microscopic scales. The LBM works well for solving incompressible flow problems, but certain limitations arise from solving compressible flows, particularly at high Mach numbers. An improved lattice Boltzmann model for compressible flow problems is presented in this research study. A higher-order Taylor series expansion of the Maxwell equilibrium distribution function is used to overcome limitations in LBM when solving high-Mach-number flows. Large eddy simulation (LES) is implemented in LBM to simulate turbulent jet flows. The results have been validated with available experimental data for turbulent compressible free jet flow at subsonic speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressible%20lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="compressible lattice Boltzmann method">compressible lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20relaxation%20times" title=" multiple relaxation times"> multiple relaxation times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20eddy%20simulation" title=" large eddy simulation"> large eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20jet%20flows" title=" turbulent jet flows"> turbulent jet flows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89310/compressible-lattice-boltzmann-method-for-turbulent-jet-flow-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17673</span> Macroscopic Evidence of the Liquidlike Nature of Nanoscale Polydimethylsiloxane Brushes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxiao%20Zhao">Xiaoxiao Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report macroscopic evidence of the liquidlike nature of surface-tethered poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) brushes by studying their adhesion to ice. Whereas ice permanently detaches from solid surfaces when subjected to sufficient shear, commonly referred to as the material’s ice adhesion strength, adhered ice instead slides over PDMS brushes indefinitely. When additionally methylated, we observe a Couette-like flow of the PDMS brushes between the ice and silicon surface. PDMS brush ice adhesion displays shear-rate-dependent shear stress and rheological behavior reminiscent of liquids and is affected by ice velocity, temperature, and brush thickness, following scaling laws akin to liquid PDMS films. This liquidlike nature allows it to detach solely by self-weight, yielding an ice adhesion strength of 0.3 kPa, 1000 times less than low surface energy, perfluorinated monolayer. The methylated PDMS brushes also display omniphobicity, repelling all liquids essentially with vanishingly small contact angle hysteresis. Methylation results in significantly higher contact angles than previously reported, nonmethylated brushes, especially for polar liquids of both high and low surface tension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omniphobic" title="omniphobic">omniphobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20science" title=" surface science"> surface science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20brush" title=" polymer brush"> polymer brush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=icephobic%20surface" title=" icephobic surface"> icephobic surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164155/macroscopic-evidence-of-the-liquidlike-nature-of-nanoscale-polydimethylsiloxane-brushes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17672</span> Pathomorphological Features of Lungs from Brown Hares Infected with Parasites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Panayotova-Pencheva">Mariana Panayotova-Pencheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anetka%20Trifonova"> Anetka Trifonova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vassilena%20Dakova"> Vassilena Dakova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 790 lungs from brown hares (<em>Lepus europeus </em>L.) from different regions of Bulgaria were investigated during the period 2009-2017. The parasitological status and pathomorphological features in the lungs were recorded. The following parasite species were established: one nematode - <em>Protostrongylus tauricus</em> (7.59% prevalence), one tapeworm – larva of <em>Taenia pisiformis </em>– <em>Cysticercus pisiformis</em> (3.04% prevalence) and one arthropod – larva of <em>Linguatula serrata – Pentastomum dentatum</em> (0.89% prevalence)<em>.</em> Macroscopic lesions in the lungs were different depending on the causative agents. The infections with<em> C. pisiformis </em>and <em>P. dentatum</em> were attended with small, mainly superficial changes in the lungs. Protostrongylid infections were connected with different in appearance and burden macroscopic changes. In 77.7%, they were nodular, and in the rest of cases, they diffuse. The consistency of the lesions was compact. In most of the cases, alterations were grey in colour, rarely were dark-red or marble-like. In 91.7% of these cases, they were spread on the apical parts of large lung lobes. In 36.7% middle parts of the large lung lobes, and, in 26.7% small lung lobes, were also affected. The small lung lobes were never independently infected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cysticercus%20pisiformis" title="Cysticercus pisiformis">Cysticercus pisiformis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lepus%20europeus" title=" Lepus europeus"> Lepus europeus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20lesions" title=" lung lesions"> lung lesions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pentastomum%20dentatum" title=" Pentastomum dentatum"> Pentastomum dentatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Protostrongylus%20tauricus" title=" Protostrongylus tauricus"> Protostrongylus tauricus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83608/pathomorphological-features-of-lungs-from-brown-hares-infected-with-parasites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17671</span> Characterization of Shrinkage-Induced Cracking of Clay Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20El%20Hajjar">Ahmad El Hajjar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Eid"> Joanna Eid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salima%20Bouchemella"> Salima Bouchemella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Ouahbi"> Tariq Ouahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benoit%20Duchemin"> Benoit Duchemin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Taibi"> Said Taibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In our present society, raw earth presents an alternative as an energy-saving building material for dealing with climate and environmental issues. Nevertheless, it has a sensitivity to water, due to the presence of fines, which has a direct effect on its consistency. This can be expressed during desiccation, by shrinkage deformations resulting in cracking that begins once the internal tensile stresses developed, due to suction, exceed the tensile strength of the material. This work deals with the evolution of the strain of clay samples, from the beginning of shrinkage until the initiation of crack, using the DIC (Digital Image Correlation) technique. In order to understand the origin of cracking, desiccation is studied for different boundary conditions and depending on the intrinsic characteristics of the material. On the other hand, a study of restrained shrinkage is carried out on the ring test to investigate the ultimate tensile strength from which the crack begins in the dough of clay. The purpose of this test is to find the type of reinforcement adapted to thwart in the cracking of the material. A microscopic analysis of the damaged area is necessary to link the macroscopic mechanisms of cracking to the various physicochemical phenomena at the microscopic scale in order to understand the different microstructural mechanisms and their impact on the macroscopic shrinkage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20soil" title="clayey soil">clayey soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking" title=" cracking"> cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20correlation" title=" digital image correlation"> digital image correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98463/characterization-of-shrinkage-induced-cracking-of-clay-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17670</span> [Keynote Talk]: Mathematical and Numerical Modelling of the Cardiovascular System: Macroscale, Mesoscale and Microscale Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Laadhari">Aymen Laadhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cardiovascular system is centered on the heart and is characterized by a very complex structure with different physical scales in space (e.g. micrometers for erythrocytes and centimeters for organs) and time (e.g. milliseconds for human brain activity and several years for development of some pathologies). The development and numerical implementation of mathematical models of the cardiovascular system is a tremendously challenging topic at the theoretical and computational levels, inducing consequently a growing interest over the past decade. The accurate computational investigations in both healthy and pathological cases of processes related to the functioning of the human cardiovascular system can be of great potential in tackling several problems of clinical relevance and in improving the diagnosis of specific diseases. In this talk, we focus on the specific task of simulating three particular phenomena related to the cardiovascular system on the macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic scales, respectively. Namely, we develop numerical methodologies tailored for the simulation of (i) the haemodynamics (i.e., fluid mechanics of blood) in the aorta and sinus of Valsalva interacting with highly deformable thin leaflets, (ii) the hyperelastic anisotropic behaviour of cardiomyocytes and the influence of calcium concentrations on the contraction of single cells, and (iii) the dynamics of red blood cells in microvasculature. For each problem, we present an appropriate fully Eulerian finite element methodology. We report several numerical examples to address in detail the relevance of the mathematical models in terms of physiological meaning and to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20system" title=" cardiovascular system"> cardiovascular system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eulerian%20framework" title=" Eulerian framework"> Eulerian framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemodynamics" title=" haemodynamics"> haemodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20valve" title=" heart valve"> heart valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiomyocyte" title=" cardiomyocyte"> cardiomyocyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20blood%20cell" title=" red blood cell"> red blood cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66799/keynote-talk-mathematical-and-numerical-modelling-of-the-cardiovascular-system-macroscale-mesoscale-and-microscale-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17669</span> Performance Analysis of Different Power Electronics Structures for Electric Vehicles (EVs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sekkak%20Abdelmalek">Sekkak Abdelmalek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to establish an energy balance of the drivetrain of a low power electric vehicle (around ten kilowatts). The study is based on two topologies of power electronics converter, the voltage source inverter and cascaded H-Bridge inverter. For each of these solutions, two voltage levels are studied for the drivetrain. At first a discussion of cascaded H-Bridge inverters will be performed on the potential benefits of this structure for its use to other functions such as macroscopic batteries management system. In a second step, the performances of the traction chain are compared according to the structure of the power converter and the voltage level of the traction chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20electronics" title="power electronics">power electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20converters" title=" static converters"> static converters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascaded%20H-Bridge" title=" cascaded H-Bridge"> cascaded H-Bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction%20chain" title=" traction chain"> traction chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=losses" title=" losses"> losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batteries%20balancing" title=" batteries balancing"> batteries balancing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7220/performance-analysis-of-different-power-electronics-structures-for-electric-vehicles-evs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17668</span> Macroscopic Lesions and Histological Changes Caused by Non-Biodegradable Foreign Bodies in the Rumen of Cattle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouabah%20Zahra">Rouabah Zahra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tlidjane%20Madjid"> Tlidjane Madjid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkacem%20Lilia"> Belkacem Lilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafid%20Nadia"> Hafid Nadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mallem%20Mouna"> Mallem Mouna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the current study was to evaluate the gross and histopathological changes caused by the presence of non-biodegradable foreign bodies (plastic bags) in the rumen-reticulum of cattle. To identify this problem, we conducted this study at a slaughterhouse on a total of 212 cattle without any previous selection. After slaughter and draining of the rumen, foreign bodies and macroscopic lesions were investigated, and rumen samples were taken for histopathological examination. Gross examination of the rumen-reticulum with non-biodegradable foreign bodies revealed congestion, hemorrhage, stunting, sagging, atrophy, and thinning of the papillae had been observed. Areas of erosion and ulceration were also observed in the rumen-reticulum of all cattle harboring a large quantity of plastic bags. Ulcerations and nodular formations were also present. The rumen-reticulum wall was thinner than normal and had a light-mottled wall and compressed papillae. The histopathological examination revealed a wide variety of lesions. We observed especially lesions of fragmentary or segmental ruptures, destruction, necrosis, degeneration and focal hyperplasia of the keratinized epithelium. The papillae are shortened, enlarged, atrophied, folded, and compressed. The length of the taste buds was reduced. These observed histopathological changes can be attributed to mechanical irritation induced by plastic bags or released chemicals by these non-biodegradable foreign bodies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle" title="cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-biodegradable%20foreign%20bodies" title=" non-biodegradable foreign bodies"> non-biodegradable foreign bodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesions" title=" lesions"> lesions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen" title=" rumen"> rumen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183968/macroscopic-lesions-and-histological-changes-caused-by-non-biodegradable-foreign-bodies-in-the-rumen-of-cattle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17667</span> Comparision of Neospora caninum Experimental Infection in Pigeons and Chickens Embryonated Eggs </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bahrami">S. Bahrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rezaie"> A. Rezaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Boroumand"> Z. Boroumand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ghavami"> S. Ghavami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neospora caninum is protozoan parasite which can cause a serious disease in dogs and cattle. It has been shown that birds may be a permissive intermediate host for N. caninum since parasite DNA has been detected in tissues from birds. It is showed that embryonated chicken egg can be used as an animal model for experimental infection. The aim of present study was to compare experimental infection of Neospora in chicken and pigeons embryonated eggs. An infection with N. caninum Nc1 isolate was conducted in chicken and pigeons embryonated eggs to evaluate LD50. After calculation of LD50, 2LD50 of tachyzoites were injected to eggs. Macroscopic changes of each embryo were noticed and to investigate the parasite distribution in tissues immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular methods were used. In the present study, histopathological changes were considered and sections to those used for histopathological examination including heart, liver, brain and chorioallantoic (CA) membrane were subjected to IHC, too. For PCR procedure, primer pair Np21/Np6 was used for amplification of the Nc5 gene. Pigeon's embryo showed more macroscopic changes than chicken embryo. A hemorrhage of the CA was the main grass lesion. All the infected tissues had histopathological changes. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed acute neosporosis due to hemorrhage, necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. Based on IHC and molecular results, the parasite aggregation in the heart was more predominant than in the other tissues. These results reinforce that there is genetic susceptibility to N. caninum in pigeons embryonated eggs like chickens embryonated eggs and provide new insights to research an inexpensive and available animal model for N. caninum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunohistochemistry" title="immunohistochemistry">immunohistochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neospora%20caninum" title=" Neospora caninum"> Neospora caninum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigeon%20embryonated%20egg" title=" pigeon embryonated egg"> pigeon embryonated egg</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41115/comparision-of-neospora-caninum-experimental-infection-in-pigeons-and-chickens-embryonated-eggs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17666</span> The Analysis of Space Syntax Used in the Development Explore of Hangzhou city’s Centratity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Junzhu">Liu Junzhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In contemporary China,city is expanding with an amazing speed. And because of the unexpected events’ interference, spatial structure could change itself in a short time, That will lead to the new urban district livingness and unfortunately, this phenomenon is very common.On the one hand,it fail to achieve the goal of city planning, On the other hand,it is unfavourable to the sustainable development of city. Bill Hillier’stheory Space Syntax shows organzation pattern of each space,it explains the characteristics of urban spatial patterns and its transformation regulation from the point of self-organization in system and also, it gives confirmatory and predictive ways to the building and city. This paper used axial model to summarize Hangzhou City’s special structure and enhanced comprehensive understanding of macroscopic space and environment, space structure,developing trend, ect, by computer analysis of Space Syntax. From that, it helps us to know the operation law in the urban system and to understand Hangzhou City’s spatial pattern and indirect social effect it has mad more clearly, Thus, it could comply with the tendency of cities development in process and planning of policy and plan our cities’ future sustainably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20urban%20design" title="sustainable urban design">sustainable urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20syntax" title=" space syntax"> space syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20network" title=" spatial network"> spatial network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segment%20angular%20analysis" title=" segment angular analysis"> segment angular analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20inclusion" title=" social inclusion"> social inclusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30385/the-analysis-of-space-syntax-used-in-the-development-explore-of-hangzhou-citys-centratity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17665</span> Finite Element Modeling of Global Ti-6Al-4V Mechanical Behavior in Relationship with Microstructural Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatna%20Benmessaoud">Fatna Benmessaoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Cheikh"> Mohammed Cheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vencent%20Velay"> Vencent Velay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20Vedal"> Vanessa Vedal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Rezai-Aria"> Farhad Rezai-Aria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Boher"> Christine Boher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global mechanical behavior of materials is strongly linked to their microstructure, especially their crystallographic texture and their grains morphology. These material aspects determine the mechanical fields character (heterogeneous or homogeneous), thus, they give to the global behavior a degree of anisotropy according the initial microstructure. For these reasons, the prediction of global behavior of materials in relationship with the microstructure must be performed with a multi-scale approach. Therefore, multi-scale modeling in the context of crystal plasticity is widely used. In this present contribution, a phenomenological elasto-viscoplastic model developed in the crystal plasticity context and finite element method are used to investigate the effects of crystallographic texture and grains sizes on global behavior of a polycrystalline equiaxed Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The constitutive equations of this model are written on local scale for each slip system within each grain while the strain and stress mechanical fields are investigated at the global scale via finite element scale transition. The beta phase of Ti-6Al-4V alloy modeled is negligible; its percent is less than 10%. Three families of slip systems of alpha phase are considered: basal and prismatic families with a burgers vector <a> and pyramidal family with a <c+a> burgers vector. The twinning mechanism of plastic strain is not observed in Ti-6Al-4V, therefore, it is not considered in the present modeling. Nine representative elementary volumes (REV) are generated with Voronoi tessellations. For each individual equiaxed grain, the own crystallographic orientation vis-à-vis the loading is taken into account. The meshing strategy is optimized in a way to eliminate the meshing effects and at the same time to allow calculating the individual grain size. The stress and strain fields are determined in each Gauss point of the mesh element. A post-treatment is used to calculate the local behavior (in each grain) and then by appropriate homogenization, the macroscopic behavior is calculated. The developed model is validated by comparing the numerical simulation results with an experimental data reported in the literature. It is observed that the present model is able to predict the global mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and investigate the microstructural parameters' effects. According to the simulations performed on the generated volumes (REV), the macroscopic mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V is strongly linked to the active slip systems family (prismatic, basal or pyramidal). The crystallographic texture determines which family of slip systems can be activated; therefore it gives to the plastic strain a heterogeneous character thus an anisotropic macroscopic mechanical behavior. The average grains size influences also the Ti-6Al-4V mechanical proprieties, especially the yield stress; by decreasing of the average grains size, the yield strength increases according to Hall-Petch relationship. The grains sizes' distribution gives to the strain fields considerable heterogeneity. By increasing grain sizes, the scattering in the localization of plastic strain is observed, thus, in certain areas the stress concentrations are stronger than other regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructural%20parameters" title="microstructural parameters">microstructural parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20modeling" title=" multi-scale modeling"> multi-scale modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20plasticity" title=" crystal plasticity"> crystal plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-6Al-4V%20alloy" title=" Ti-6Al-4V alloy"> Ti-6Al-4V alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93495/finite-element-modeling-of-global-ti-6al-4v-mechanical-behavior-in-relationship-with-microstructural-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17664</span> Dynamic Thin Film Morphology near the Contact Line of a Condensing Droplet: Nanoscale Resolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbasali%20Abouei%20Mehrizi">Abbasali Abouei Mehrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Wang"> Hao Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thin film region is so important in heat transfer process due to its low thermal resistance. On the other hand, the dynamic contact angle is crucial boundary condition in numerical simulations. While different modeling contains different assumption of the microscopic contact angle, none of them has experimental evidence for their assumption, and the contact line movement mechanism still remains vague. The experimental investigation in complete wetting is more popular than partial wetting, especially in nanoscale resolution when there is sharp variation in thin film profile in partial wetting. In the present study, an experimental investigation of water film morphology near the triple phase contact line during the condensation is performed. The state-of-the-art tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) was used to get the high-resolution film profile goes down to 2 nm from the contact line. The droplet was put in saturated chamber. The pristine silicon wafer was used as a smooth substrate. The substrate was heated by PI film heater. So the chamber would be over saturated by droplet evaporation. By turning off the heater, water vapor gradually started condensing on the droplet and the droplet advanced. The advancing speed was less than 20 nm/s. The dominant results indicate that in contrast to nonvolatile liquid, the film profile goes down straightly to the surface till 2 nm from the substrate. However, small bending has been observed below 20 nm, occasionally. So, it can be claimed that for the low condensation rate the microscopic contact angle equals to the optically detectable macroscopic contact angle. This result can be used to simplify the heat transfer modeling in partial wetting. The experimental result of the equality of microscopic and macroscopic contact angle can be used as a solid evidence for using this boundary condition in numerical simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advancing" title="advancing">advancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condensation" title=" condensation"> condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20contact%20angle" title=" microscopic contact angle"> microscopic contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20wetting" title=" partial wetting"> partial wetting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69914/dynamic-thin-film-morphology-near-the-contact-line-of-a-condensing-droplet-nanoscale-resolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17663</span> On Elastic Anisotropy of Fused Filament Fabricated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Marae%20Djouda">Joseph Marae Djouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Kasmi"> Ashraf Kasmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Hild"> François Hild</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused filament fabrication is one of the most widespread additive manufacturing techniques because of its low-cost implementation. Its initial development was based on part fabrication with thermoplastic materials. The influence of the manufacturing parameters such as the filament orientation through the nozzle, the deposited layer thickness, or the speed deposition on the mechanical properties of the parts has been widely experimentally investigated. It has been recorded the remarkable variations of the anisotropy in the function of the filament path during the fabrication process. However, there is a lack in the development of constitutive models describing the mechanical properties. In this study, integrated digital image correlation (I-DIC) is used for the identification of mechanical constitutive parameters of two configurations of ABS samples: +/-45° and so-called “oriented deposition.” In this last, the filament was deposited in order to follow the principal strain of the sample. The identification scheme based on the gap reduction between simulation and the experiment directly from images recorded from a single sample (single edge notched tension specimen) is developed. The macroscopic and mesoscopic analysis are conducted from images recorded in both sample surfaces during the tensile test. The elastic and elastoplastic models in isotropic and orthotropic frameworks have been established. It appears that independently of the sample configurations (filament orientation during the fabrication), the elastoplastic isotropic model gives the correct description of the behavior of samples. It is worth noting that in this model, the number of constitutive parameters is limited to the one considered in the elastoplastic orthotropic model. This leads to the fact that the anisotropy of the architectured 3D printed ABS parts can be neglected in the establishment of the macroscopic behavior description. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20anisotropy" title="elastic anisotropy">elastic anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20filament%20fabrication" title=" fused filament fabrication"> fused filament fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acrylonitrile%20butadiene%20styrene" title=" Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene"> Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-DIC%20identification" title=" I-DIC identification"> I-DIC identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147590/on-elastic-anisotropy-of-fused-filament-fabricated-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17662</span> Controversies and Contradiction in (IR) Reversibility and the Equilibrium of Reactive Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20Teotonio%20Manzi">Joao Teotonio Manzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reversibility, irreversibility, equilibrium and steady-state that play a central role in the thermodynamic analysis of processes arising in the context of reactive systems are discussed in this article. Such concepts have generated substantial doubts, even among the most experienced researchers, and engineers, because from the literature, conclusive or definitive statements cannot be extracted. Concepts such as the time-reversibility of irreversible processes seem paradoxical, requiring further analysis. Equilibrium and reversibility, which appear to be of the same nature, have also been re-examined in the light of maximum entropy. The goal of this paper is to revisit and explore these concepts based on classical thermodynamics in order to have a better understanding them due to their impacts on technological advances, as a result, to generate an optimal procedure for designing, monitoring, and engineering optimization. Furthermore, an effective graphic procedure for dimensioning a Plug Flow Reactor has been provided. Thus, to meet the needs of chemical engineering from a simple conceptual analysis but with significant practical effects, a macroscopic approach is taken so as to integrate the different parts of this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversibility" title="reversibility">reversibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady-state" title=" steady-state"> steady-state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20system" title=" reactive system"> reactive system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144272/controversies-and-contradiction-in-ir-reversibility-and-the-equilibrium-of-reactive-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17661</span> Describing the Fine Electronic Structure and Predicting Properties of Materials with ATOMIC MATTERS Computation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Michalski">Rafal Michalski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Zygadlo"> Jakub Zygadlo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present the concept and scientific methods and algorithms of our computation system called ATOMIC MATTERS. This is the first presentation of the new computer package, that allows its user to describe physical properties of atomic localized electron systems subject to electromagnetic interactions. Our solution applies to situations where an unclosed electron 2<em>p</em>/3<em>p</em>/3<em>d</em>/4<em>d</em>/5<em>d</em>/4<em>f</em>/5<em>f</em> subshell interacts with an electrostatic potential of definable symmetry and external magnetic field. Our methods are based on Crystal Electric Field (CEF) approach, which takes into consideration the electrostatic ligands field as well as the magnetic Zeeman effect. The application allowed us to predict macroscopic properties of materials such as: Magnetic, spectral and calorimetric as a result of physical properties of their fine electronic structure. We emphasize the importance of symmetry of charge surroundings of atom/ion, spin-orbit interactions (spin-orbit coupling) and the use of complex number matrices in the definition of the Hamiltonian. Calculation methods, algorithms and convention recalculation tools collected in ATOMIC MATTERS were chosen to permit the prediction of magnetic and spectral properties of materials in isostructural series. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20matters" title="atomic matters">atomic matters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20electric%20field%20%28CEF%29%20spin-orbit%20coupling" title=" crystal electric field (CEF) spin-orbit coupling"> crystal electric field (CEF) spin-orbit coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localized%20states" title=" localized states"> localized states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20subshell" title=" electron subshell"> electron subshell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20electronic%20structure" title=" fine electronic structure"> fine electronic structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45067/describing-the-fine-electronic-structure-and-predicting-properties-of-materials-with-atomic-matters-computation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17660</span> Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis of One Dimensional Shape Memory Alloy Constitutive Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20M.%20Rezaul%20Islam">A. B. M. Rezaul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernur%20Karadogan"> Ernur Karadogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are known for their shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity behavior. Their thermomechanical behaviors are modeled by numerous researchers using microscopic thermodynamic and macroscopic phenomenological point of view. Tanaka, Liang-Rogers and Ivshin-Pence models are some of the most popular SMA macroscopic phenomenological constitutive models. They describe SMA behavior in terms of stress, strain and temperature. These models involve material parameters and they have associated uncertainty present in them. At different operating temperatures, the uncertainty propagates to the output when the material is subjected to loading followed by unloading. The propagation of uncertainty while utilizing these models in real-life application can result in performance discrepancies or failure at extreme conditions. To resolve this, we used probabilistic approach to perform the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of Tanaka, Liang-Rogers, and Ivshin-Pence models. Sobol and extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Testing (eFAST) methods have been used to perform the sensitivity analysis for simulated isothermal loading/unloading at various operating temperatures. As per the results, it is evident that the models vary due to the change in operating temperature and loading condition. The average and stress-dependent sensitivity indices present the most significant parameters at several temperatures. This work highlights the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis results and shows comparison of them at different temperatures and loading conditions for all these models. The analysis presented will aid in designing engineering applications by eliminating the probability of model failure due to the uncertainty in the input parameters. Thus, it is recommended to have a proper understanding of sensitive parameters and the uncertainty propagation at several operating temperatures and loading conditions as per Tanaka, Liang-Rogers, and Ivshin-Pence model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20models" title="constitutive models">constitutive models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FAST%20sensitivity%20analysis" title=" FAST sensitivity analysis"> FAST sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sobol" title=" sobol"> sobol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20memory%20alloy" title=" shape memory alloy"> shape memory alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20analysis" title=" uncertainty analysis"> uncertainty analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117933/sensitivity-and-uncertainty-analysis-of-one-dimensional-shape-memory-alloy-constitutive-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17659</span> Microstructural Interactions of Ag and Sc Alloying Additions during Casting and Artificial Ageing to a T6 Temper in a A356 Aluminium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Bakavos">Dimitrios Bakavos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Tsivoulas"> Dimitrios Tsivoulas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaowalit%20Limmaneevichitr"> Chaowalit Limmaneevichitr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminium cast alloys, of the Al-Si system, are widely used for shape castings. Their microstructures can be further improved on one hand, by alloying modification and on the other, by optimised artificial ageing. In this project four hypoeutectic Al-alloys, the A356, A356+ Ag, A356+Sc, and A356+Ag+Sc have been studied. The interactions of Ag and Sc during solidification and artificial ageing at 170°C to a T6 temper have been investigated in details. The evolution of the eutectic microstructure is studied by thermal analysis and interrupted solidification. The ageing kinetics of the alloys has been identified by hardness measurements. The precipitate phases, number density, and chemical composition has been analysed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EDS analysis. Furthermore, the SHT effect onto the Si eutectic particles for the four alloys has been investigated by means of optical microscopy, image analysis, and the UTS strength has been compared with the UTS of the alloys after casting. The results suggest that the Ag additions, significantly enhance the ageing kinetics of the A356 alloy. The formation of β” precipitates were kinetically accelerated and an increase of 8% and 5% in peak hardness strength has been observed compared to the base A356 and A356-Sc alloy. The EDS analysis demonstrates that Ag is present on the β” precipitate composition. After prolonged ageing 100 hours at 170°C, the A356-Ag exhibits 17% higher hardness strength compared to the other three alloys. During solidification, Sc additions change the macroscopic eutectic growth mode to the propagation of a defined eutectic front from the mold walls opposite to the heat flux direction. In contrast, Ag has no significance effect on the solidification mode revealing a macroscopic eutectic growth similar to A356 base alloy. However, the mechanical strength of the as cast A356-Ag, A356-Sc, and A356+Ag+Sc additions has increased by 5, 30, and 35 MPa, respectively. The outcome is a tribute to the refining of the eutectic Si that takes place which it is strong in the A356-Sc alloy and more profound when silver and scandium has been combined. Moreover after SHT the Al alloy with the highest mechanical strength, is the one with Ag additions, in contrast to the as-cast condition where the Sc and Sc+Ag alloy was the strongest. The increase of strength is mainly attributed to the dissolution of grain boundary precipitates the increase of the solute content into the matrix, the spherodisation, and coarsening of the eutectic Si. Therefore, we could safely conclude for an A356 hypoeutectic alloy additions of: Ag exhibits a refining effect on the Si eutectic which is improved when is combined with Sc. In addition Ag enhance, the ageing kinetics increases the hardness and retains its strength at prolonged artificial ageing in a Al-7Si 0.3Mg hypoeutectic alloy. Finally the addition of Sc is beneficial due to the refinement of the α-Al grain and modification-refinement of the eutectic Si increasing the strength of the as-cast product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageing" title="ageing">ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casting" title=" casting"> casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20strength" title=" mechanical strength"> mechanical strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitates" title=" precipitates"> precipitates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34561/microstructural-interactions-of-ag-and-sc-alloying-additions-during-casting-and-artificial-ageing-to-a-t6-temper-in-a-a356-aluminium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn 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