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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsacht" title="Reichsacht – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Reichsacht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mperiya_qada%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="İmperiya qadağası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İmperiya qadağası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acht" title="Acht – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Acht" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsacht" title="Reichsacht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reichsacht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibici%C3%B3n_imperial" title="Prohibición imperial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prohibición imperial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_au_ban" title="Mise au ban – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mise au ban" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencekalan_Kekaisaran" title="Pencekalan Kekaisaran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pencekalan Kekaisaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bando_(provvedimento_restrittivo)" title="Bando (provvedimento restrittivo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bando (provvedimento restrittivo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99" title="חרם קיסרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חרם קיסרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birodalmi_%C3%A1tok" title="Birodalmi átok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Birodalmi átok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijksban" title="Rijksban – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijksban" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8F%E3%83%88%E5%88%91" title="帝国アハト刑 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帝国アハト刑" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdic%C8%9Bie_imperial%C4%83" title="Interdicție imperială – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Interdicție imperială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Имперская опала – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Имперская опала" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtakunnankirous" title="Valtakunnankirous – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valtakunnankirous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akt_(fredl%C3%B6s)" title="Akt (fredlös) – Swedish" lang="sv" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Punishment in the Holy Roman Empire</div> <p>The <b>imperial ban</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Reichsacht</i>) was a form of <a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">outlawry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At different times, it could be declared by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a>, or by courts like the <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Holy_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="League of the Holy Court">League of the Holy Court</a> (<i>Vehmgericht</i>) or the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichskammergericht" title="Reichskammergericht">Reichskammergericht</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People under imperial ban, known as <i>Geächtete</i> (from about the 17th century, colloquially also as <i>Vogelfreie</i>, lit. "free as a bird"), lost all their rights and possessions. They were legally considered dead, and anyone was allowed to rob, injure, or kill them without legal consequences. The imperial ban automatically followed the <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> of a person, as well as extending to anyone offering help to a person under the imperial ban. </p><p>Those banned could reverse the ban by submitting to the legal authority. The <i><b>Aberacht</b></i>, a stronger version of the imperial ban, could not be reversed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Aberacht or Oberacht appears to be ecclesiastical excommunication and not another version of the Imperial Ban. It is also a very difficult word to find information on in general. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The imperial ban was sometimes imposed on whole <a href="/wiki/Imperial_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial State">Imperial Estates</a>. In that case, other estates could attack and seek to conquer them. The effect of the ban on a city or other Estate was that it lost its <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">Imperial immediacy</a> and in the future would have a second overlord in addition to the emperor. </p><p>Famous people placed under the imperial ban included: </p> <ul><li>1180 - <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a>, for refusing military support to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor</a> against the cities of the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a>.</li> <li>1225 - Count <a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Isenberg" title="Frederick of Isenberg">Frederick of Isenberg</a>, for killing his uncle <a href="/wiki/Engelbert_II_of_Berg" title="Engelbert II of Berg">Engelbert II of Berg</a>, Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">Cologne</a>.</li> <li>1235 - King <a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII) of Germany</a>, for his rebellion against his father the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Frederick II</a>.</li> <li>1276 - King <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a>, for his capture of imperial lands from <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph I of Germany">Rudolph I</a>.</li> <li>1309 - <a href="/wiki/John_Parricida" title="John Parricida">John Parricida</a>, for the murder of his uncle King <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I of Germany</a>.</li> <li>1415 - <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Austria">Frederick IV, Duke of Austria</a> for aiding the flight of <a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">Antipope John XXIII</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>.</li> <li>1512 and 1518 - <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tz_von_Berlichingen" title="Götz von Berlichingen">Götz von Berlichingen</a>, the first time for <a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">robbery</a>, the second for <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a>.</li> <li>1521 - <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> and his supporters, for claiming that some doctrines practiced by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> were contrary to the Bible or had no biblical basis.</li> <li>1546 - <a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony">John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse">Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse</a>, for leading the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League" title="Schmalkaldic League">Schmalkaldic League</a>.</li> <li>1566 - <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Grumbach" title="Wilhelm von Grumbach">Wilhelm von Grumbach</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a>.</li> <li>1621 - <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick V, Elector Palatine</a>, and his supporters <a href="/wiki/Christian_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg">Prince Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_of_Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim" title="Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim">Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim</a>, for seizing power in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.</li> <li>1706 - <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_Emanuel,_Elector_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Clemens_of_Bavaria" title="Joseph Clemens of Bavaria">Joseph Clemens, Elector of Cologne</a>, for supporting France in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> (ban reversed in 1714).</li> <li>1708 - <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Carlo_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Mantua_and_Montferrat" title="Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat">Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat</a>, for supporting France in the War of the Spanish Succession. The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mantua" title="Duchy of Mantua">Duchy of Mantua</a> was confiscated by the emperor as a result.</li> <li>1793 - <a href="/wiki/Georg_Forster" title="Georg Forster">Georg Forster</a>, for collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French Republic</a>.</li></ul> <p>The imperial ban imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Rudolf II</a> on the city of <a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a> after an anti-Catholic riot was one of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(German)#The_foundation_of_the_Catholic_League" title="Catholic League (German)">incidents</a> leading to the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. </p><p>An imperial ban on Bremen preceded the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Wars_on_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Wars on Bremen">1654 Swedish attack on Bremen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_ban&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_ban" title="King's ban">King's ban</a>, a royal order or prohibition in the Holy Roman Empire.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_ban&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStarn1982" class="citation book cs1">Starn, Randolph (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8052509"><i>Contrary Commonwealth: The Theme of Exile in Medieval and Renaissance Italy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-04615-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-04615-3"><bdi>0-520-04615-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8052509">8052509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contrary+Commonwealth%3A+The+Theme+of+Exile+in+Medieval+and+Renaissance+Italy&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8052509&rft.isbn=0-520-04615-3&rft.aulast=Starn&rft.aufirst=Randolph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F8052509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+ban" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarquardt2015" class="citation journal cs1">Marquardt, Bernd (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-early-modern-history-online/*-SIM_026352">"Imperial ban"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Early Modern History Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2352-0272_emho_sim_026352">10.1163/2352-0272_emho_sim_026352</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Early+Modern+History+Online&rft.atitle=Imperial+ban&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2352-0272_emho_sim_026352&rft.aulast=Marquardt&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopedia-of-early-modern-history-online%2F%2A-SIM_026352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+ban" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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