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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Konsep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Konsep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyebab_batuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyebab_batuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penyebab batuk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Penyebab_batuk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Penyebab batuk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Penyebab_batuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alergi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alergi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Alergi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alergi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkembangan_penyakit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkembangan_penyakit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Perkembangan penyakit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perkembangan_penyakit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Perkembangan penyakit</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perkembangan_penyakit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Influenza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Asma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penularan_penyakit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penularan_penyakit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Penularan penyakit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Penularan_penyakit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Penularan penyakit</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Penularan_penyakit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tuberkulosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuberkulosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tuberkulosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuberkulosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengobatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengobatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pengobatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengobatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Batuk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 112 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سعال – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سعال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="كحة – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كحة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%87" title="كحه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كحه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27aja" title="K'aja – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="K'aja" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abo" title="Abo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool" title="Kool – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Kool" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашаль – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кашаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашаль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кашаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кашлица – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кашлица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%82%8F" title="တဟေထာꩻရောႏဂါႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တဟေထာꩻရောႏဂါႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF" title="কাশি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাশি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kašalj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ханяадан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ханяадан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1u" title="Sáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%AE%DB%95" title="کۆخە – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆخە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1el" title="Kašel – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kašel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Ӳслĕк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӳслĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peswch" title="Peswch – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peswch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoste" title="Hoste – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hoste" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husten" title="Husten – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Husten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%94%C9%94%C9%94l" title="Ɣɔɔl – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ɣɔɔl" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kux%C4%B1ke" title="Kuxıke – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kuxıke" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކެއްސުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކެއްސުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AE%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βήχας – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βήχας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cough" title="Cough – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cough" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuso" title="Tuso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tuso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ha" title="Köha – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Köha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eztul" title="Eztul – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eztul" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87" title="سرفه – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرفه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohaango" title="Sohaango – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Sohaango" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysk%C3%A4" title="Yskä – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yskä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toux" title="Toux – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casacht" title="Casacht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Casacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tose" title="Tose – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari" title="Tari – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tari" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C" title="שיעול – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיעול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="खाँसी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खाँसी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kašalj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touse" title="Touse – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Touse" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6h%C3%B6g%C3%A9s" title="Köhögés – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Köhögés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Հազ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusse" title="Tusse – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tusse" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuso" title="Tuso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tuso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3sti" title="Hósti – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hósti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosse" title="Tosse – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tosse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD" title="咳嗽 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="咳嗽" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watuk" title="Watuk – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Watuk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ხველა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხველა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusut" title="Tusut – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tusut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81" title="ಕೆಮ್ಮು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಮ್ಮು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B9%A8" title="기침 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기침" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Жөтөл – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жөтөл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussis" title="Tussis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tussis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3s%C3%BAk%C3%B3s%C3%BA" title="Kósúkósú – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kósúkósú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosulys" title="Kosulys – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosulys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klepus" title="Klepus – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klepus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кашлица – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кашлица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE" title="ചുമ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചുമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ханиад – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ханиад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="खोकला – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खोकला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuk" title="Batuk – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ချောင်းဆိုးခြင်း – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချောင်းဆိုးခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4" title="کالش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کالش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="खोकी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खोकी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoest" title="Hoest – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoste" title="Hoste – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hoste" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoste" title="Hoste – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hoste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6" title="କାଶ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଶ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਖੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszel" title="Kaszel – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaszel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کھنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosse" title="Tosse – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tosse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhu" title="Uhu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uhu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuse" title="Tuse – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tuse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusi" title="Tusi – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tusi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашель – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кашель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%83" title="कफः – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कफः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱠᱷᱩᱜ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱷᱩᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussi" title="Tussi – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tussi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kašalj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83" title="කැස්ස – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැස්ස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cough" title="Cough – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cough" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1e%C4%BE" title="Kašeľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kašeľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1elj" title="Kašelj – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kašelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollitja" title="Kollitja – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kollitja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%99" title="Кашаљ – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кашаљ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuk" title="Batuk – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Batuk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosta" title="Hosta – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hosta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikohozi" title="Kikohozi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikohozi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/baha" title="baha – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="baha" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இருமல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இருமல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ತೆಮ್ಮ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ತೆಮ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="దగ్గు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దగ్గు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="ไอ (อาการ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอ (อาการ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubo" title="Ubo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ubo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ks%C3%BCr%C3%BCk" title="Öksürük – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Öksürük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BB" title="Ютәл – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ютәл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашель – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кашель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کھانسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کھانسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%CA%BBtal" title="Yoʻtal – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoʻtal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho" title="Ho – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosse" title="Tosse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tosse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubo" title="Ubo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ubo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD" title="咳嗽 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="咳嗽" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ik%E1%BB%8D%CC%81" title="Ikọ́ – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ikọ́" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ae" title="Ae – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ae" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD" title="咳嗽 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="咳嗽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%B3" title="咳 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="咳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35805#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batuk" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Batuk" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batuk"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batuk"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Batuk" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Batuk" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&oldid=25734764" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Batuk&id=25734764&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatuk"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatuk"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Batuk"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Batuk&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coughing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35805" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27002510">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Batuk</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pertussis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pertussis.jpg/300px-Pertussis.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pertussis.jpg/450px-Pertussis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pertussis.jpg/600px-Pertussis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="894" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><center>Seorang anak yang mengidap <a href="/wiki/Batuk_rejan" title="Batuk rejan">batuk rejan</a>.<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27104152">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #333;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21575556">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Husten-abf-.ogg" title="Berkas:Husten-abf-.ogg">Coughing</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="5" data-mwtitle="Husten-abf-.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Husten-abf-.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Husten-abf-.ogg/Husten-abf-.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHusten-abf-.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The sound of a person coughing.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Bermasalah memainkan berkas ini? Lihat <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Media" title="Bantuan:Media">bantuan media</a>.</i></div> </div></center></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Informasi umum</th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Batuk</b> adalah mekanisme pertahanan tubuh pada <a href="/wiki/Sistem_pernapasan" title="Sistem pernapasan">sistem pernapasan</a>. Terjadinya batuk hanya merupakan gejala dari suatu <a href="/wiki/Penyakit" title="Penyakit">penyakit</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaksi (halaman belum tersedia)">reaksi</a> tubuh terhadap gangguan pada saluran pernapasan oleh berbagai benda asing yang masuk ke dalamnya. </p><p>Batuk terjadi karena rangsangan tertentu. Terjadinya batuk merupakan gejala awal bagi penyakit <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asma" title="Asma">asma</a>. Selain itu, batuk menjadi cara pertama penyebaran penyakit <a href="/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis">tuberkulosis</a>. Batuk dapat diobati menggunakan olahan <a href="/wiki/Rempah-rempah" title="Rempah-rempah">rempah-rempah</a> dan racikan <a href="/wiki/Obat" title="Obat">obat</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsep">Konsep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Konsep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konsep"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada dasarnya, batuk hanya tanggapan alami dari <a href="/wiki/Tubuh" title="Tubuh">tubuh</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan bukan sebuah penyakit.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mekanisme biologis pada batuk bertujuan untuk menghindari terjadinya aspirasi.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perlindungan ini dilakukan terhadap benda asing yang memasuki tubuh seperti makanan, debu dan asap.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Batuk hanya dihitung sebagai <a href="/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi">patologi</a> jika penderitanya merasa terganggu karenanya. Karena pada dasarnya batuk adalah upaya pertahanan paru-paru terhadap berbagai rangsangan yang diterimanya. Batuk juga merupakan refleks fisiologis untuk melindungi paru-paru dari trauma secara mekanik, suhu dan kimia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada keadaan tertentu, batuk memperoleh kondisi <a href="/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi">patologi</a> sebagai salah satu jenis penyakit pada <a href="/wiki/Sistem_pernapasan" title="Sistem pernapasan">sistem pernapasan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tingkatan penyakit pada penderita batuk adalah ringan ditinjau dari masalah kesehatan karena batuk dapat diobati sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penyebab_batuk">Penyebab batuk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Penyebab batuk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyebab batuk"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alergi">Alergi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Alergi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Alergi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Batuk dapat disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Alergi" title="Alergi">alergi</a> pada bagian <a href="/wiki/Saluran_pernapasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saluran pernapasan">saluran pernapasan</a>. Alergi ini dapat muncul karena rangsangan dari bahan makanan, <a href="/wiki/Debu" title="Debu">debu</a>, bulu hewan, atau serbuk sairi pada bunga. Rangsangan yang menimbulkan batuk umumnya pada bagian atas dari saluran pernapasan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perkembangan_penyakit">Perkembangan penyakit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Perkembangan penyakit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perkembangan penyakit"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influenza">Influenza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Influenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Influenza"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">Influenza</a> adalah penyakit yang menyebabkan gangguan pada <a href="/wiki/Hidung" title="Hidung">hidung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenggorokan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenggorokan">tenggorokan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru">paru-paru</a>. Gangguan ini disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Virus_influenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus influenza">virus influenza</a>. Batuk merupakan salah satu tanda gejala influenza selain <a href="/wiki/Demam" title="Demam">demam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakit_kepala" title="Sakit kepala">sakit kepala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilek" title="Pilek">pilek</a> dan hidung tersumbat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asma">Asma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Asma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asma"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Asma" title="Asma">Asma</a> merupakan suatu kelainan pada saluran pernapasan yang menimbulkan radang kronik. <a href="/wiki/Radang" title="Radang">Radang</a> ini mengakibatkan aktivitas berlebih pada <a href="/wiki/Bronkus" title="Bronkus">bronkus</a> ketika menerima berbagai jenis rangsangan. Batuk menjadi gejala kedua dalam urutan gejala episodik pada asma. Penderita asma akan mengalami batuk setelah <a href="/wiki/Mengi" title="Mengi">mengi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seseorang dapat diperkirakan menderita asma jika sering terjadi batuk berulang pada dirinya.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penularan_penyakit">Penularan penyakit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Penularan penyakit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penularan penyakit"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/220px-seek%3D12-Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="69" data-mwtitle="Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Berkas:Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video orang yang sedang batuk, menggambarkan penyebaran udaranya</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuberkulosis">Tuberkulosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Tuberkulosis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tuberkulosis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru">paru-paru</a> manusia penderita <a href="/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis">tuberkulosis</a> terdapat agen infeksi bakteri yaitu <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></i>. Bakteri <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></i> merupakan bakteri tahan asam.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Penularan_penyakit" title="Penularan penyakit">Penularan penyakit</a> tuberkulosis dapat terjadi pada saat batuk atau bersin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penularnya adalah penderita tuberkulosis melalui bakteri tahan asam positif yang terkandung di dalam paru.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bakteri ini ikut serta pada percikan <a href="/wiki/Dahak" title="Dahak">dahak</a> ketika batuk.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bakteri menyebar ke udara dan menyebabkan infeksi apabila dihirup oleh orang sehat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jumlah percikan dahak yang dihasilkan untuk sekali batuk sekitar tiga ribu dahak. Penularan terjadi ketika dahak lama berada di dalam ruangan.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seorang didiagnosis menderita tuberkulosis jika mengalami batuk berdahak selama dua pekan dengan disertai darah.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengobatan">Pengobatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Pengobatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengobatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Batuk merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit yang dapat disembuhkan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Rempah-rempah" title="Rempah-rempah">rempah-rempah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Obat" title="Obat">obat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batuk dapat disembuhkan dengan meminum <a href="/wiki/Madu" title="Madu">madu</a> yang dicampur dengan perasan <a href="/wiki/Jeruk_nipis" title="Jeruk nipis">jeruk nipis</a> yang telah direbus. Campuran madu dan jeruk nipis ini diminum sebanyak tiga kali sehari hingga batuk berhenti.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batuk juga dapat diobati dengan mengonsumsi buah dan biji <a href="/wiki/Delima" title="Delima">delima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahe dan kunyit kandungan dari kedua rempah tersebut dapat membantu mengurangi batuk. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batuk juga dapat disembuhkan dengan meminum air rebusan <a href="/wiki/Daun_afrika" title="Daun afrika">daun afrika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batuk_rejan" title="Batuk rejan">Batuk rejan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronkitis" title="Bronkitis">Bronkitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infeksi_saluran_napas_atas" title="Infeksi saluran napas atas">Infeksi saluran napas atas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuk&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Febrianti, R., dan Yanti, J. S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosiding.htp.ac.id/index.php/prosiding/article/view/92/82">"Pijat Batuk Pilek pada Bayi di Kelurahan Maharani Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir"</a>. <i>Prosiding Hang Tuah 2020: Peluang dan Tantangan Bidan dalam Meningkatkan Sinergitas Pelayanan Kebidanan</i>: 96. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25311%2Fprosiding.Vol1.Iss2.92">10.25311/prosiding.Vol1.Iss2.92</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Hang+Tuah+2020%3A+Peluang+dan+Tantangan+Bidan+dalam+Meningkatkan+Sinergitas+Pelayanan+Kebidanan&rft.atitle=Pijat+Batuk+Pilek+pada+Bayi+di+Kelurahan+Maharani+Kecamatan+Rumbai+Pesisir&rft.pages=96&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25311%2Fprosiding.Vol1.Iss2.92&rft.au=Febrianti%2C+R.%2C+dan+Yanti%2C+J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprosiding.htp.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fprosiding%2Farticle%2Fview%2F92%2F82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lorensia, A., Wahjudi, M., dan Yudiarso, A. (2018). Mahmudah, Rifa’atul Laila, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amelia-Lorensia/publication/333745335_EFEK_MINYAK_IKAN_PADA_ASMA/links/5d01abe1299bf13a38510a78/EFEK-MINYAK-IKAN-PADA-ASMA.pdf"><i>Efek Minyak Ikan pada Asma</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Mojokerto: STIKes Majapahit Mojokerto. hlm. 95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Efek+Minyak+Ikan+pada+Asma&rft.place=Mojokerto&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=STIKes+Majapahit+Mojokerto&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Lorensia%2C+A.%2C+Wahjudi%2C+M.%2C+dan+Yudiarso%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FAmelia-Lorensia%2Fpublication%2F333745335_EFEK_MINYAK_IKAN_PADA_ASMA%2Flinks%2F5d01abe1299bf13a38510a78%2FEFEK-MINYAK-IKAN-PADA-ASMA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gunawan, A., Pradian, E., dna Sitanggang, R. H. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journal.fk.unpad.ac.id/index.php/jap/article/view/1110/pdf">"Perbandingan Pemberian Lidokain 2% 1,5 mg/kgBB Intravena dengan Propofol 0,3 mg/kgBB Intravena Setelah Anestesi Umum Dihentikan terhadap Kejadian Batuk Saat Ekstubasi Bangun"</a>. <i>Jurnal Anestesi Perioperatif</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 105. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2337-7909">2337-7909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Anestesi+Perioperatif&rft.atitle=Perbandingan+Pemberian+Lidokain+2%25+1%2C5+mg%2FkgBB+Intravena+dengan+Propofol+0%2C3+mg%2FkgBB+Intravena+Setelah+Anestesi+Umum+Dihentikan+terhadap+Kejadian+Batuk+Saat+Ekstubasi+Bangun&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=2337-7909&rft.au=Gunawan%2C+A.%2C+Pradian%2C+E.%2C+dna+Sitanggang%2C+R.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournal.fk.unpad.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fjap%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1110%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fairus, M., dkk. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prosiding.rcipublisher.org/index.php/prosiding/article/view/246/123">"Edukasi Teknik Akupresur untuk Mengatasi Batuk Pilek pada Ibu Balita di Puskesmas Purwosari"</a>. <i>Prosiding Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengabdian 2021: Penelitian dan Pengabdian Inovatif pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19</i>: 928. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-6535-49-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-6535-49-3">978-623-6535-49-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Penelitian+Pendidikan+dan+Pengabdian+2021%3A+Penelitian+dan+Pengabdian+Inovatif+pada+Masa+Pandemi+Covid-19&rft.atitle=Edukasi+Teknik+Akupresur+untuk+Mengatasi+Batuk+Pilek+pada+Ibu+Balita+di+Puskesmas+Purwosari&rft.pages=928&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-623-6535-49-3&rft.au=Fairus%2C+M.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprosiding.rcipublisher.org%2Findex.php%2Fprosiding%2Farticle%2Fview%2F246%2F123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Irawaty, E., dkk. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.untar.ac.id/14471/1/buktiabdi_10408009_9C000749.pdf"><i>Pengenalan Etika Batuk dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Penyakit Menular pada Siswa/i TK Atisa Dipamkara Karawaci</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tarumanegara. hlm. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pengenalan+Etika+Batuk+dalam+Upaya+Penanggulangan+Penyakit+Menular+pada+Siswa%2Fi+TK+Atisa+Dipamkara+Karawaci&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Fakultas+Kedokteran%2C+Universitas+Tarumanegara&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Irawaty%2C+E.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.untar.ac.id%2F14471%2F1%2Fbuktiabdi_10408009_9C000749.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pediatricfkuns.ac.id/data/ebook/Buku-Rekomendasi-Batuk-pd-Anak%281%29.pdf"><i>Rekomendasi Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Batuk pada Anak</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. hlm. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rekomendasi+Diagnosis+dan+Tata+Laksana+Batuk+pada+Anak&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Badan+Penerbit+Ikatan+Dokter+Anak+Indonesia&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Ikatan+Dokter+Anak+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpediatricfkuns.ac.id%2Fdata%2Febook%2FBuku-Rekomendasi-Batuk-pd-Anak%25281%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rakhmawatie, M. D., dan Anggraini, M. T. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maya-Rakhmawatie/publication/277120275_EVALUASI_PERILAKU_PENGOBATAN_SENDIRI_TERHADAP_PENCAPAIAN_PROGRAM_INDONESIA_SEHAT_2010/links/5811d3bf08aec29d99f7fc2a/EVALUASI-PERILAKU-PENGOBATAN-SENDIRI-TERHADAP-PENCAPAIAN-PROGRAM-INDONESIA-SEHAT-2010.pdf">"Evaluasi Perilaku Pengobatan Sendiri Terhadap Pencapaian Program Indonesia Sehat 2010"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Prosiding Seminar Nasional Unimus 2010</i>: 74. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-704-883-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-704-883-9">978-979-704-883-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Seminar+Nasional+Unimus+2010&rft.atitle=Evaluasi+Perilaku+Pengobatan+Sendiri+Terhadap+Pencapaian+Program+Indonesia+Sehat+2010&rft.pages=74&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-979-704-883-9&rft.au=Rakhmawatie%2C+M.+D.%2C+dan+Anggraini%2C+M.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FMaya-Rakhmawatie%2Fpublication%2F277120275_EVALUASI_PERILAKU_PENGOBATAN_SENDIRI_TERHADAP_PENCAPAIAN_PROGRAM_INDONESIA_SEHAT_2010%2Flinks%2F5811d3bf08aec29d99f7fc2a%2FEVALUASI-PERILAKU-PENGOBATAN-SENDIRI-TERHADAP-PENCAPAIAN-PROGRAM-INDONESIA-SEHAT-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cholifah, S., dan Azizah, N. (2020). Widowati, Hesty, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.umsida.ac.id/index.php/umsidapress/article/download/978-623-6833-13-1/757/"><i>Keterampilan dan Klinik Kebidanan 1</i></a>. Sidoarjo: UMSIDA Press. hlm. 79. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-6833-13-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-6833-13-1">978-623-6833-13-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keterampilan+dan+Klinik+Kebidanan+1&rft.place=Sidoarjo&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=UMSIDA+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-623-6833-13-1&rft.au=Cholifah%2C+S.%2C+dan+Azizah%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.umsida.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fumsidapress%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F978-623-6833-13-1%2F757%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sartika, S. B., dan Wulandari. R. (2020). Shofiyah, Noly, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.umsida.ac.id/index.php/umsidapress/article/download/978-623-6833-75-9/755/"><i>Berpikir Analisis Melalui Fluida</i></a>. Sidoarjo: UMSIDA Press. hlm. 62. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-6833-75-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-6833-75-9">978-623-6833-75-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berpikir+Analisis+Melalui+Fluida&rft.place=Sidoarjo&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=UMSIDA+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-623-6833-75-9&rft.au=Sartika%2C+S.+B.%2C+dan+Wulandari.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.umsida.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fumsidapress%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F978-623-6833-75-9%2F755%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sari, M. H. N., dkk. (2022). Sari, Mila, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Neny-Yuli-Susanti/publication/361308987_BUKU_PENYAKIT_DAN_KELAINAN_DARI_KEHAMILAN/links/62a9df91938bee3e3f3691ac/BUKU-PENYAKIT-DAN-KELAINAN-DARI-KEHAMILAN.pdf"><i>Penyakit dan Kelainan dari Kehamilan</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Padang: PT. Global Eksekutif Teknologi. hlm. 65. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-5383-03-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-5383-03-3">978-623-5383-03-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penyakit+dan+Kelainan+dari+Kehamilan&rft.place=Padang&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=PT.+Global+Eksekutif+Teknologi&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-623-5383-03-3&rft.au=Sari%2C+M.+H.+N.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FNeny-Yuli-Susanti%2Fpublication%2F361308987_BUKU_PENYAKIT_DAN_KELAINAN_DARI_KEHAMILAN%2Flinks%2F62a9df91938bee3e3f3691ac%2FBUKU-PENYAKIT-DAN-KELAINAN-DARI-KEHAMILAN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Suprapto (2019). Syamsi N. L, S., dan Suprapto, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Suprapto-Suprapto-10/publication/355913462_BUKU_AJAR_Keperawatan_Gadar/links/61840450eef53e51e12b5ee4/BUKU-AJAR-Keperawatan-Gadar.pdf"><i>Keperawatan Gawat Darurat dan Manajemen Bencana</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Makassar: LP2M AKPER Sandi Karsa. hlm. 38. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-50820-5-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-50820-5-4">978-602-50820-5-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keperawatan+Gawat+Darurat+dan+Manajemen+Bencana&rft.place=Makassar&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=LP2M+AKPER+Sandi+Karsa&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-602-50820-5-4&rft.au=Suprapto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FSuprapto-Suprapto-10%2Fpublication%2F355913462_BUKU_AJAR_Keperawatan_Gadar%2Flinks%2F61840450eef53e51e12b5ee4%2FBUKU-AJAR-Keperawatan-Gadar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_editors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fitriani, D., dan Pratiwi, R. D. (2020). Betty, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001001210/http://stikes.wdh.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/BUKU-AJAR-TBC-ASKEP-DAN-PENGAWASAN-MINUM-OBAT-DENGAN-MEDIA-TELEPONr-merged-dikompresi.pdf"><i>Buku Ajar TBC, ASKEP dan Pengawasan Minum Obat dengan Media Telepon</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Tangerang Selatan: STIkes Widya Dharma Husada Tangerang. hlm. 6. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-5672-39-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-5672-39-2">978-602-5672-39-2</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stikes.wdh.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/BUKU-AJAR-TBC-ASKEP-DAN-PENGAWASAN-MINUM-OBAT-DENGAN-MEDIA-TELEPONr-merged-dikompresi.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2022-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buku+Ajar+TBC%2C+ASKEP+dan+Pengawasan+Minum+Obat+dengan+Media+Telepon&rft.place=Tangerang+Selatan&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=STIkes+Widya+Dharma+Husada+Tangerang&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-602-5672-39-2&rft.au=Fitriani%2C+D.%2C+dan+Pratiwi%2C+R.+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstikes.wdh.ac.id%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2FBUKU-AJAR-TBC-ASKEP-DAN-PENGAWASAN-MINUM-OBAT-DENGAN-MEDIA-TELEPONr-merged-dikompresi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mar'iyah, K., dan Zulkarnain (2021). "Patofisiologi Penyakit Infeksi Tuberkulosis". <i>Prosiding Biologi Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals with Biodiversity in Confronting Climate Change</i>. Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Alauddin Makassar: 89. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-72245-6-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-72245-6-8">978-602-72245-6-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Biologi+Achieving+the+Sustainable+Development+Goals+with+Biodiversity+in+Confronting+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Patofisiologi+Penyakit+Infeksi+Tuberkulosis&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-602-72245-6-8&rft.au=Mar%27iyah%2C+K.%2C+dan+Zulkarnain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/28055622/PETUNJUK_TEKNIS_MANAJEMEN_TB_ANAK"><i>Petunjuk Teknis Manajemen TB Anak</i></a>. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-235-436-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-235-436-9">978-602-235-436-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petunjuk+Teknis+Manajemen+TB+Anak&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Kementerian+Kesehatan+Republik+Indonesia&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-602-235-436-9&rft.au=Direktorat+Jenderal+Pengendalian+Penyakit+dan+Penyehatan+Lingkungan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28055622%2FPETUNJUK_TEKNIS_MANAJEMEN_TB_ANAK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rachmaniyah. Khambali, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kesling.poltekkesdepkes-sby.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/MONOGRAF-TB-PARU-1.pdf"><i>Sanitasi dan Kualitas Bakteriologi Udara Rumah Penderita TB Paru</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Surabaya: Himpunan Ahli Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Provinsi Jawa Timur. hlm. 2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-98205-0-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-98205-0-8">978-602-98205-0-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanitasi+dan+Kualitas+Bakteriologi+Udara+Rumah+Penderita+TB+Paru&rft.place=Surabaya&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Himpunan+Ahli+Kesehatan+Lingkungan+Indonesia+Provinsi+Jawa+Timur&rft.isbn=978-602-98205-0-8&rft.au=Rachmaniyah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkesling.poltekkesdepkes-sby.ac.id%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2FMONOGRAF-TB-PARU-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marlinae, L., dkk. (2019). Theana, S., Lutfiani, A., dan Marisa, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.ulm.ac.id/7541/1/BUKU%20AJAR%20PENYAKIT%20TB.pdf"><i>Desain Kemandirian Pola Perilaku Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Penderita TB Anak Berbasis Android</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Bantul: CV Mine. hlm. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-7550-23-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-7550-23-5">978-623-7550-23-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desain+Kemandirian+Pola+Perilaku+Kepatuhan+Minum+Obat+pada+Penderita+TB+Anak+Berbasis+Android&rft.place=Bantul&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=CV+Mine&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-623-7550-23-5&rft.au=Marlinae%2C+L.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.ulm.ac.id%2F7541%2F1%2FBUKU%2520AJAR%2520PENYAKIT%2520TB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rita, E., dkk. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.umj.ac.id/4018/1/Oke%20MODUL%20PENGMAS%20TB%20PARU%202020.pdf"><i>Modul Tuberkulosis pada Kader TB</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. hlm. 2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-95029-3-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-95029-3-5">978-623-95029-3-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modul+Tuberkulosis+pada+Kader+TB&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Fakultas+Ilmu+Keperawatan%2C+Universitas+Muhammadiyah+Jakarta&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-623-95029-3-5&rft.au=Rita%2C+E.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.umj.ac.id%2F4018%2F1%2FOke%2520MODUL%2520PENGMAS%2520TB%2520PARU%25202020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Batubara, I., dan Prastya, M. E. (2020). Herlinda, S., dkk., ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhammad-Prastya/publication/347487667_Potensi_Tanaman_Rempah_dan_Obat_Tradisional_Indonesia_sebagai_Sumber_Bahan_Pangan_Fungsional/links/5fddcb3e92851c13fe9c8c56/Potensi-Tanaman-Rempah-dan-Obat-Tradisional-Indonesia-sebagai-Sumber-Bahan-Pangan-Fungsional.pdf">"Potensi Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Tradisional Indonesia Sebagai Sumber Bahan Pangan Fungsional"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-8 Tahun 2020</i>. Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya: 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Seminar+Nasional+Lahan+Suboptimal+ke-8+Tahun+2020&rft.atitle=Potensi+Tanaman+Rempah+dan+Obat+Tradisional+Indonesia+Sebagai+Sumber+Bahan+Pangan+Fungsional&rft.pages=26&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Batubara%2C+I.%2C+dan+Prastya%2C+M.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FMuhammad-Prastya%2Fpublication%2F347487667_Potensi_Tanaman_Rempah_dan_Obat_Tradisional_Indonesia_sebagai_Sumber_Bahan_Pangan_Fungsional%2Flinks%2F5fddcb3e92851c13fe9c8c56%2FPotensi-Tanaman-Rempah-dan-Obat-Tradisional-Indonesia-sebagai-Sumber-Bahan-Pangan-Fungsional.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Akbar, Zaidul (2020). <i>Jurus Sehat Rasulullah: Hidup Sehat Menebar Manfaat</i>. Syamil Quran. hlm. 209. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-928-735-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-928-735-1">978-623-928-735-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jurus+Sehat+Rasulullah%3A+Hidup+Sehat+Menebar+Manfaat&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Syamil+Quran&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-623-928-735-1&rft.aulast=Akbar&rft.aufirst=Zaidul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Firdiana, Elok Rifqi (2021). "Delima (Punica granatum L.): Salah Satu Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi Berpotensi Obat". <i>Prosiding Biologi Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals with Biodiversity in Confronting Climate Change</i>. Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Alauddin Makassar: 109. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-72245-6-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-72245-6-8">978-602-72245-6-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Biologi+Achieving+the+Sustainable+Development+Goals+with+Biodiversity+in+Confronting+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Delima+%28Punica+granatum+L.%29%3A+Salah+Satu+Koleksi+Kebun+Raya+Purwodadi+Berpotensi+Obat&rft.pages=109&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-602-72245-6-8&rft.aulast=Firdiana&rft.aufirst=Elok+Rifqi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Azizah, Atika Nur; Kurniati, Citra Hadi (2020-08-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.36419/jkebin.v11i2.370">"OBAT HERBAL TRADISIONAL PEREDA BATUK PILEK PADA BALITA"</a>. <i>Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 29. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.36419%2Fjkebin.v11i2.370">10.36419/jkebin.v11i2.370</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2579-7824">2579-7824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Kebidanan+Indonesia&rft.atitle=OBAT+HERBAL+TRADISIONAL+PEREDA+BATUK+PILEK+PADA+BALITA&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=29&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.36419%2Fjkebin.v11i2.370&rft.issn=2579-7824&rft.aulast=Azizah&rft.aufirst=Atika+Nur&rft.au=Kurniati%2C+Citra+Hadi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.36419%2Fjkebin.v11i2.370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Saraswati, R., dkk. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ratna-Saraswati/publication/344552598_Buku_Pemanfaatan_Daun_untuk_Ecoprint_dalam_Menunjang_Pariwisata/links/5f7fe433299bf1b53e1844c0/Buku-Pemanfaatan-Daun-untuk-Ecoprint-dalam-Menunjang-Pariwisata.pdf"><i>Pemanfaatan Daun untuk Ecoprint dalam Menunjang Pariwisata</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Depok: Departemen Geografi FMIPA Universitas Indonesia. hlm. 8. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-92282-3-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-92282-3-1">978-623-92282-3-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pemanfaatan+Daun+untuk+Ecoprint+dalam+Menunjang+Pariwisata&rft.place=Depok&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Departemen+Geografi+FMIPA+Universitas+Indonesia&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-623-92282-3-1&rft.au=Saraswati%2C+R.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FRatna-Saraswati%2Fpublication%2F344552598_Buku_Pemanfaatan_Daun_untuk_Ecoprint_dalam_Menunjang_Pariwisata%2Flinks%2F5f7fe433299bf1b53e1844c0%2FBuku-Pemanfaatan-Daun-untuk-Ecoprint-dalam-Menunjang-Pariwisata.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABatuk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35805#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35805#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35805#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4134923-4">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119349060">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119349060">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85033394">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575767">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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