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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ecoregions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecoregions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecoregions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecoregions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terrestrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrestrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Terrestrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrestrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palearctic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palearctic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Palearctic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palearctic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span> <span>Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperate_coniferous_forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.2</span> <span>Temperate coniferous forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperate_coniferous_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Sea region</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="منطقة البحر الأسود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة البحر الأسود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_d%C9%99niz_regionu" title="Qara dəniz regionu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qara dəniz regionu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%A4%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="قارادنیز بؤلگه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قارادنیز بؤلگه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Чарнаморскі рэгіён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чарнаморскі рэгіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Чарнаморскі рэгіён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чарнаморскі рэгіён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Черноморски регион (Турция) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черноморски регион (Турция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crnomorska_regija" title="Crnomorska regija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Crnomorska regija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_Mar_Negra" title="Regió de la Mar Negra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió de la Mar Negra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cernomo%C5%99sk%C3%BD_region" title="Černomořský region – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Černomořský region" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzmeerregion_(T%C3%BCrkei)" title="Schwarzmeerregion (Türkei) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarzmeerregion (Türkei)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Περιοχή Μαύρης Θάλασσας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοχή Μαύρης Θάλασσας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_del_Mar_Negro" title="Región del Mar Negro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región del Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigramara_regiono_de_Turkio" title="Nigramara regiono de Turkio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigramara regiono de Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsaso_Beltzeko_eskualdea" title="Itsaso Beltzeko eskualdea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsaso Beltzeko eskualdea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="منطقه دریای سیاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه دریای سیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_de_la_mer_Noire" title="Région de la mer Noire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région de la mer Noire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_do_Mar_Negro" title="Rexión do Mar Negro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión do Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%ED%95%B4_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD" title="흑해 지역 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑해 지역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%87%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Սևծովյան տարածաշրջան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սևծովյան տարածաշրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasan_Laut_Hitam" title="Kawasan Laut Hitam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kawasan Laut Hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сау денджызы регион – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сау денджызы регион" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regione_del_Mar_Nero" title="Regione del Mar Nero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regione del Mar Nero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96)" title="הים השחור (מחוז) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים השחור (מחוז)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="შავი ზღვის რეგიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შავი ზღვის რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanda_ya_Bahari_Nyeusi" title="Kanda ya Bahari Nyeusi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kanda ya Bahari Nyeusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fekete-tengeri_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3" title="Fekete-tengeri régió – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fekete-tengeri régió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Црноморски регион – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црноморски регион" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="काळा समुद्र प्रदेश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काळा समुद्र प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_Zeeregio" title="Zwarte Zeeregio – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarte Zeeregio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9_(%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3)" title="黒海地方 (トルコ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒海地方 (トルコ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ӏаьржа хӀордан регион – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьржа хӀордан регион" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suart-Sia-Regiuun" title="Suart-Sia-Regiuun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Suart-Sia-Regiuun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartehavsregionen" title="Svartehavsregionen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svartehavsregionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartehavsregionen" title="Svartehavsregionen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svartehavsregionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qora_dengiz_mintaqasi" title="Qora dengiz mintaqasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qora dengiz mintaqasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87" title="تور سمندر سیمه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تور سمندر سیمه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_do_Mar_Negro" title="Região do Mar Negro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região do Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiunea_M%C4%83rii_Negre,_Turcia" title="Regiunea Mării Negre, Turcia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regiunea Mării Negre, Turcia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черноморский регион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Черноморский регион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajoni_i_Detit_t%C3%AB_Zi" title="Rajoni i Detit të Zi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rajoni i Detit të Zi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Region" title="Black Sea Region – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black Sea Region" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crno_morje,_Tur%C4%8Dija" title="Črno morje, Turčija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črno morje, Turčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B4" title="ھەرێمی دەریای ڕەش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەرێمی دەریای ڕەش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crnomorska_regija" title="Crnomorska regija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Crnomorska regija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crno_More_(regija)" title="Crno More (regija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crno More (regija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehiyon_ng_Dagat_Itim" title="Rehiyon ng Dagat Itim – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rehiyon ng Dagat Itim" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கருங்கடல் பிராந்தியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருங்கடல் பிராந்தியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3" title="Минтақаи Баҳри Сиёҳ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Минтақаи Баҳри Сиёҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karadeniz_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="Karadeniz Bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karadeniz Bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Чорноморський регіон (Туреччина) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чорноморський регіон (Туреччина)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="بحیرہ اسود علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ اسود 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text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Black_Sea_region&params=41_00_N_36_00_E_type:adm1st_source:kolossus-itwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">36°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.000°N 36.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.000; 36.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in Turkey</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Black Sea Region</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="tr"><i>Karadeniz Bölgesi</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Turkey">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Sea_Region_in_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Black Sea Region"><img alt="Location of Black Sea Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Black_Sea_Region_in_Turkey.svg/250px-Black_Sea_Region_in_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Black_Sea_Region_in_Turkey.svg/375px-Black_Sea_Region_in_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Black_Sea_Region_in_Turkey.svg/500px-Black_Sea_Region_in_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="677" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">143,537 km<sup>2</sup> (55,420 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,696,132</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">54/km<sup>2</sup> (140/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 50.024 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 6,500 (2022)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Black Sea region</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Karadeniz Bölgesi</i>) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a <a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">geographical region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. The largest city in the region is <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a>. Other big cities are <a href="/wiki/Zonguldak" title="Zonguldak">Zonguldak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Ordu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokat" title="Tokat">Tokat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Giresun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinop</a>. </p><p>It is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Marmara_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmara Region, Turkey">Marmara Region</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Anatolia Region, Turkey">Central Anatolia Region</a> to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey">Eastern Anatolia Region</a> to the southeast, the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Republic of Georgia</a> to the northeast, and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> to the north. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivision">Subdivision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Subdivision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordu,_Turkey.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ordu%2C_Turkey.JPG/350px-Ordu%2C_Turkey.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ordu%2C_Turkey.JPG/525px-Ordu%2C_Turkey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ordu%2C_Turkey.JPG/700px-Ordu%2C_Turkey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Ordu</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coast</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Western Black Sea</b> Section (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Batı Karadeniz Bölümü</i>) <ul><li><b>Inner Western Black Sea</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Batı Karadeniz Ardı Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCre_Mountains" title="Küre Mountains">Küre Mountains</a></b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Küre Dağları Yöresi</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Central Black Sea</b> Section (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Orta Karadeniz Bölümü</i>) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Canik_Mountains" title="Canik Mountains">Canik Mountains</a></b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Canik Dağları Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b>Inner Central Black Sea</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Orta Karadeniz Ardı Yöresi</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Eastern Black Sea</b> Section (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü</i>) <ul><li><b>Eastern Black Sea Coast</b> Area (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Doğu Karadeniz Ardı Yöresi</i>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kelkit_River" title="Kelkit River">Upper Kelkit</a> - <a href="/wiki/%C3%87oruh" title="Çoruh">Çoruh</a></b> Gully (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Yukarı Kelkit - Çoruh Oluğu</i>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecoregions">Ecoregions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ecoregions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrestrial">Terrestrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Terrestrial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palearctic"><a href="/wiki/Palearctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palearctic">Palearctic</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Palearctic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euxine-Colchic_deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests">Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Temperate_coniferous_forests"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate coniferous forests">Temperate coniferous forests</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Temperate coniferous forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Anatolian_conifer_and_deciduous_forests" title="Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests">Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provinces">Provinces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trabzon_City_walls_and_Aquaduct.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Trabzon_City_walls_and_Aquaduct.JPG/350px-Trabzon_City_walls_and_Aquaduct.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Trabzon_City_walls_and_Aquaduct.JPG/525px-Trabzon_City_walls_and_Aquaduct.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Trabzon_City_walls_and_Aquaduct.JPG/700px-Trabzon_City_walls_and_Aquaduct.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Trabzon" title="Walls of Trabzon">City Walls</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a> and the Eugenius Aqueduct are among the oldest remaining structures in the city.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG/350px-Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG/525px-Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG/700px-Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sumela_Monastery" title="Sumela Monastery">Sumela Monastery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Mountains" title="Pontic Mountains">Pontic Mountains</a> is located within the <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Maçka</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Province" title="Trabzon Province">Trabzon Province</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Provinces that are entirely in the Black Sea Region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amasya_Province" title="Amasya Province">Amasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_Province" title="Gümüşhane Province">Gümüşhane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart%C4%B1n_Province" title="Bartın Province">Bartın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolu_Province" title="Bolu Province">Bolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCzce_Province" title="Düzce Province">Düzce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun_Province" title="Giresun Province">Giresun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Province" title="Kastamonu Province">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karab%C3%BCk_Province" title="Karabük Province">Karabük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordu_Province" title="Ordu Province">Ordu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_Province" title="Rize Province">Rize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun_Province" title="Samsun Province">Samsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_Province" title="Sinop Province">Sinop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokat_Province" title="Tokat Province">Tokat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Province" title="Trabzon Province">Trabzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonguldak_Province" title="Zonguldak Province">Zonguldak</a></li></ul> <p>Provinces that are mostly in the Black Sea Region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artvin_Province" title="Artvin Province">Artvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayburt_Province" title="Bayburt Province">Bayburt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orum_Province" title="Çorum Province">Çorum</a></li></ul> <p>Provinces that are partially in the Black Sea Region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_Province" title="Ankara Province">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardahan_Province" title="Ardahan Province">Ardahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1_Province" title="Çankırı Province">Çankırı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzincan_Province" title="Erzincan Province">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_Province" title="Erzurum Province">Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivas_Province" title="Sivas Province">Sivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yozgat_Province" title="Yozgat Province">Yozgat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zil_Kalesi.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Zil_Kalesi.jpeg/350px-Zil_Kalesi.jpeg" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Zil_Kalesi.jpeg/525px-Zil_Kalesi.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Zil_Kalesi.jpeg/700px-Zil_Kalesi.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zilkale" title="Zilkale">Zilkale Castle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%87aml%C4%B1hem%C5%9Fin" title="Çamlıhemşin">Çamlıhemşin</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Rize_Province" title="Rize Province">Rize Province</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Black Sea region's population is 8,439,213 based on the 2010 census. 4,137,166 people live in cities and 4,301,747 people in villages. This makes it the only one of the seven regions of Turkey in which more people live in rural rather than urban areas. </p><p>Though the overwhelming majority is Turkish, the east of the region is also inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a>, a people who speak a <a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartvelian language">Kartvelian language</a> which is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> and converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> from <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodoxy</a> in the late Ottoman period as well as Muslim <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a>, also the <a href="/wiki/Hemshin_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemshin peoples">Hemsin</a>, Armenian converts to Islam, and <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a>, who converted to Islam in the 17th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While a large community (around 25% of the population) of <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> Pontic Greeks<sup id="cite_ref-Pentzopoulos_2002_29–30_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pentzopoulos_2002_29–30-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> remained throughout the <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a> area (including <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> in northeastern Turkey/the Russian Caucasus) until the 1920s, and in parts of Georgia and Armenia until the 2010s, preserving their own customs and <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">dialect of Greek</a>, the vast majority have since left, mainly to Greece. However, most Muslim Pontic Greeks remained in Turkey. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Black Sea region has a steep, rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges. A few larger rivers, those cutting back through the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Mountains" title="Pontic Mountains">Pontic Mountains</a> (Doğu Karadeniz Dağları), have tributaries that flow in broad, elevated basins. Access inland from the coast is limited to a few narrow valleys because mountain ridges, with elevations of 1,525 to 1,800 meters in the west and 3,000 to 4,000 meters in the east in <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%A7kar_Mountains" title="Kaçkar Mountains">Kaçkar Mountains</a>, form an almost unbroken wall separating the coast from the interior. The higher slopes facing northwest tend to be densely forested. Because of these natural conditions, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coast historically has been isolated from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. </p><p>The mild, damp <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> of the Black Sea coast makes commercial farming profitable. Running from <a href="/wiki/Zonguldak" title="Zonguldak">Zonguldak</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rize</a> in the east, the narrow coastal strip widens at several places into fertile, intensely cultivated deltas. The <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a> area, close to the midpoint, is a major <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>-growing region; east of it are numerous citrus groves. East of Samsun, the area around <a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Giresun</a> is known for the production of <a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnuts</a>, and farther east the <a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rize</a> region has numerous <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a> plantations. All cultivable areas, including mountain slopes wherever they are not too steep, are sown or used as pasture. The western part of the Black Sea region, especially the Zonguldak area, is a center of coal <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a>. </p><p>The North Anatolian Mountains in the north are an interrupted chain of folded highlands that generally parallel the Black Sea coast. In the west, the mountains tend to be low, with elevations rarely exceeding 1,500 meters, but they rise in an easterly direction to heights greater than 3,000 meters south of Rize. Lengthy, trough-like valleys and basins characterize the mountains. Rivers flow from the mountains toward the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. The southern slopes—facing the Anatolian Plateau—are mostly unwooded, but the northern slopes contain dense growths of both deciduous and evergreen trees. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontic_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of the Pontic Mountains in the Black Sea Region of Turkey"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pontic_Panorama.jpg/1000px-Pontic_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pontic_Panorama.jpg/1500px-Pontic_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pontic_Panorama.jpg/2000px-Pontic_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7212" data-file-height="1675" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontic_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Pontic Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Mountains" title="Pontic Mountains">Pontic Mountains</a> in the Black Sea Region of Turkey</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Zonguldak" title="Zonguldak">Zonguldak</a> </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.662em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">133</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.7em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.84em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.716em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">86</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.756em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">88</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.9em;height:1.24em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.15em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">58</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.64em;height:1.38em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.02em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.026em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">51</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.38em;height:1.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.72em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.424em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">71</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.16em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.58em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.626em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">81</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.62em;height:1.36em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.98em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.768em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">88</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.62em;height:1.38em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.45em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">123</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.06em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.46em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.066em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">153</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.42em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.68em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.92em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.946em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">147</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.68em;height:1.24em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.92em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.18em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.076em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">154</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.08em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.22em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.58em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: Turkish State Meteorology <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.662em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.7em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.84em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">49</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">38</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.716em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.756em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.9em;height:1.24em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.15em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.64em;height:1.38em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.02em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">59</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.026em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.38em;height:1.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.72em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">65</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">53</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.424em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.16em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.58em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">60</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.626em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.62em;height:1.36em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.98em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">65</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.768em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.62em;height:1.38em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">65</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.45em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.06em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.46em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">60</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.066em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.42em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.68em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">65</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.92em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.946em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.68em;height:1.24em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.92em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">58</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.18em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.076em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.08em;height:1.14em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.22em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.58em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">42</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most of the Black Sea region has a borderline <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfa</i>/<i>Cfb</i>) climate; with high and evenly distributed rainfall the year round. At the coast, summers are warm and humid, and winters are cool and damp. The eastern part of the coast averages 2,500 millimeters annually which is the highest precipitation in the country. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows. </p><p>The water temperature in the whole Turkish Black Sea coast is always cool and fluctuates between 8° and 20 °C throughout the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those who dislike the heat and humidity of the summer in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> escape to the <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateaux</a> of the mountains in the Black Sea region which are almost permanently cloudy and receive immense amounts of rain, and are very attractive with rich <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">crater lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">waterfalls</a>, <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">streams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a> walk, <a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">rafting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">winter sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grass_skiing" title="Grass skiing">grass skiing</a>, healing water, and local dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Provinces of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_of_the_Black_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fish of the Black Sea">List of fish of the Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Province" title="Trabzon Province">Trabzon Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Trabzon" title="World Trade Center Trabzon">World Trade Center Trabzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Geography of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Sea" title="Category:Black Sea">Black Sea topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazistan" title="Lazistan">Lazistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ilgosterge/?locale=tr">"Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts"</a>. <i>www.turkstat.gov.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.turkstat.gov.tr&rft.atitle=Statistics+by+Theme+%3E+National+Accounts+%3E+Regional+Accounts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiruni.tuik.gov.tr%2Filgosterge%2F%3Flocale%3Dtr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Sea+region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pentzopoulos_2002_29–30-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pentzopoulos_2002_29–30_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPentzopoulos2002" class="citation book cs1">Pentzopoulos, Dimitri (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PDc-WW6YhqEC&pg=PA28"><i>The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece</i></a>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-702-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-702-6"><bdi>978-1-85065-702-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkan+exchange+of+minorities+and+its+impact+on+Greece&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-702-6&rft.aulast=Pentzopoulos&rft.aufirst=Dimitri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPDc-WW6YhqEC%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Sea+region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110313023357/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ZONGULDAK">"İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler- Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü"</a> [Statistical Data of Provinces and Districts - General Directorate of Meteorology]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ZONGULDAK">the original</a> on 2011-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%B0l+ve+%C4%B0l%C3%A7elerimize+Ait+%C4%B0statistiki+Veriler-+Meteoroloji+Genel+M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.gov.tr%2Fveridegerlendirme%2Fil-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx%3Fm%3DZONGULDAK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Sea+region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karalahana.com/english/archive/land.html">Land: Black Sea Region of Turkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511162723/http://www.karalahana.com/english/archive/land.html">Archived</a> May 11, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karalahana.com/english.html">Blacksea Region culture and travel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611152026/http://www.karalahana.com/english.html">Archived</a> 2008-06-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Sea_region&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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