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formation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hong Hoi formation"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hong Hoi formation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hong Hoi formation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3946</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hong Hoi formation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3886</span> Construction Noise Control: Hong Kong Reviews International Best Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morgan%20Cheng">Morgan Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilson%20Ho"> Wilson Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20Yiu"> Max Yiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dragon%20Tsui"> Dragon Tsui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wylog%20Wong"> Wylog Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Kwan"> Richard Kwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20C.%20Lam"> K. C. Lam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20Lo"> Hannah Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20L.%20Wong"> C. L. Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hong Kong has been known worldwide for its ability to thrive under trying circumstances. The 7.5 million residents of this mature and busy metropolis are living in a primarily high-rise city whereby development and renewal of the cityscape are taking place unceasingly. Hong Kong residents are therefore affected by the virtually continuous and numerous construction activities. In 2020, the Hong Kong environmental protection department (EPD) completed a feasibility study on managing construction noise, including those associated with the renovation of domestic premises. Part of the study was the review of management and control of construction noise in other metropolitan cities globally. As far as the authors are aware of, such worldwide and extensive review of best practices on construction noise control has not been conducted for over 20 years. In order to benefit from international best practices, the extensive review is to identify possible areas for improvement in Hong Kong. The consultant of the study first referred to the United Nations Report ‘The World’s Cities in 2016’ and examined the top 100 cities therein. The 20 most suitable cities were then chosen for further review. Upon screening of each of these 20 cities, 12 cities with the more relevant management practices were selected for further scrutiny. These 12 cities were: Asia – Tokyo, Seoul, Taipei, Guangzhou, Singapore; Europe – City of Westminster (London), Berlin; North America – Toronto, New York City, San Francisco; Oceania – Sydney, Melbourne. Afterwards, three cities, namely Sydney, City of Westminster, and New York City, were selected for in-depth review. These cities were chosen primarily because of the maturity, success, and effectiveness of their construction noise management and control measures, as well as their similarity to Hong Kong in key and selected aspects. One of the more important findings of the review is the usefulness of early focus, with the aim of designing the noise issues away wherever practicable. The consultant examined the similar yet different construction noise early focus mechanisms of the three cities. This paper describes this landmark worldwide and extensive review of international best practices on construction noise management and control. The methodology, approach, and key findings are presented to give readers a succinct yet comprehensive view. The authors shared the findings with the acoustics professionals worldwide with the hope of global advancement of more mature construction noise management while welcoming sustainable development and construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20noise" title="construction noise">construction noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20best%20practices" title=" international best practices"> international best practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20control" title=" noise control"> noise control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20management" title=" noise management"> noise management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138585/construction-noise-control-hong-kong-reviews-international-best-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3885</span> Determination and Distribution of Formation Thickness Using Seismic and Well Data in Baga/Lake Sub-basin, Chad Basin Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Efomeh%20Omolaiye">Gabriel Efomeh Omolaiye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olatunji%20Seminu"> Olatunji Seminu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimoh%20Ajadi"> Jimoh Ajadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Ayoola%20Jimoh"> Yusuf Ayoola Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Nigerian part of the Chad Basin till date has been one of the few critically studied basins, with few published scholarly works, compared to other basins such as Niger Delta, Dahomey, etc. This work was undertaken by the integration of 3D seismic interpretations and the well data analysis of eight wells fairly distributed in block A, Baga/Lake sub-basin in Borno basin with the aim of determining the thickness of Chad, Kerri-Kerri, Fika, and Gongila Formations in the sub-basin. Da-1 well (type-well) used in this study was subdivided into stratigraphic units based on the regional stratigraphic subdivision of the Chad basin and was later correlated with other wells using similarity of observed log responses. The combined density and sonic logs were used to generate synthetic seismograms for seismic to well ties. Five horizons were mapped, representing the tops of the formations on the 3D seismic data covering the block; average velocity function with maximum error/residual of 0.48% was adopted in the time to depth conversion of all the generated maps. There is a general thickening of sediments from the west to the east, and the estimated thicknesses of the various formations in the Baga/Lake sub-basin are Chad Formation (400-750 m), Kerri-Kerri Formation (300-1200 m), Fika Formation (300-2200 m) and Gongila Formation (100-1300 m). The thickness of the Bima Formation could not be established because the deepest well (Da-1) terminates within the formation. This is a modification to the previous and widely referenced studies of over forty decades that based the estimation of formation thickness within the study area on the observed outcrops at different locations and the use of few well data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baga%2FLake%20sub-basin" title="Baga/Lake sub-basin">Baga/Lake sub-basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chad%20basin" title=" Chad basin"> Chad basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation%20thickness" title=" formation thickness"> formation thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135598/determination-and-distribution-of-formation-thickness-using-seismic-and-well-data-in-bagalake-sub-basin-chad-basin-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3884</span> Wet Chemical Synthesis for Fe-Ni Alloy Nanocrystalline Powder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neera%20Singh">Neera Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Kumar"> Devendra Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Om%20Parkash"> Om Parkash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have synthesized nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloy powders where Ni varies as 10, 30 and 50 mole% by a wet chemical route (sol-gel auto-combustion) followed by reduction in hydrogen atmosphere. The ratio of citrate to nitrate was maintained at 0.3 where citric acid has worked as a fuel during combustion. The reduction of combusted powders was done at 700°C/1h in hydrogen atmosphere using an atmosphere controlled quartz tube furnace. Phase and microstructure analysis has shown the formation of α-(Fe,Ni) and γ-(Fe,Ni) phases after reduction. An increase in Ni concentration resulted in more γ-(Fe,Ni) formation where complete γ-(Fe,Ni) formation was achieved at 50 mole% Ni concentration. Formation of particles below 50 nm size range was confirmed using Scherrer’s formula and Transmission Electron Microscope. The work is aimed at the effect of Ni concentration on phase, microstructure and magnetic properties of synthesized alloy powders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title="combustion">combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline" title=" nanocrystalline"> nanocrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction" title=" reduction"> reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96277/wet-chemical-synthesis-for-fe-ni-alloy-nanocrystalline-powder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3883</span> Formation Control for Linear Multi-Robot System with Switched Directed Topology and Time-Varying Delays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaxiao%20Zhang">Yaxiao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yangzhou%20Chen"> Yangzhou Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigate the formation problem for high-order continuous-time multi-robot with bounded symmetric time-varying delay protocol under switched directed communication topology. By using a linear transformation, the formation problem is transformed to stability analysis of a switched delay system. Under the assumption that each communication topology has a directed spanning tree, sufficient conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that the multi-robot system can achieve a desired formation by the trade-off among the pre-exist topologies with the help of the scheme of average dwell time. A numeral example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-robot%20systems" title="multi-robot systems">multi-robot systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation" title=" formation"> formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20directed%20topology" title=" switched directed topology"> switched directed topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20time-varying%20delay" title=" symmetric time-varying delay"> symmetric time-varying delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20dwell%20time" title=" average dwell time"> average dwell time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequalities%20%28lmis%29" title=" linear matrix inequalities (lmis)"> linear matrix inequalities (lmis)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31110/formation-control-for-linear-multi-robot-system-with-switched-directed-topology-and-time-varying-delays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3882</span> Formation of Blends in Hausa Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Maimota%20Shehu">Maryam Maimota Shehu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Words are the basic building blocks of a language. In everyday usage of a language, words are used, and new words are formed and reformed to contain and accommodate all entities, phenomena, qualities and every aspect of the entire life. Despite the fact that many studies have been conducted on morphological processes in The Hausa language. Most of the works concentrated on borrowing, affixation, reduplication and derivation, but blending has been neglected to the extent that some of the Hausa linguists claim that, blending does not exist in the language. Therefore, the current study investigates and examines blending as one of the word formation processes' in the language. The study focuses its main attention on blending as a word-formation process and how this process is used adequately in the formation of words in The Hausa language. To achieve the aims, the research answered these questions: 1) is blending used as a process of word formation in Hausa? 2) What are the words formed using this process? This study utilizes the Natural Morphology Theory proposed by Dressler, (1985) which was adopted by Belly (2007). The data of this study have been collected from newspaper articles, novels, and written literature of Hausa language. Based on the findings, this study found out that, there exist new kind of words formed in The Hausa language under blending, which previous findings did not either reveal or explain in detail. Another part of the finding shows that some of the words change their grammatical classes and meaning while blended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title="morphology">morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20formation" title=" word formation"> word formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blending%20in%20hausa%20language" title=" blending in hausa language"> blending in hausa language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22333/formation-of-blends-in-hausa-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3881</span> Social Workers’ Reactions and Coping Strategies: An Exploratory Study about the Social Worker-Client Contacting Experiences in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sze%20Ming%20Yau">Sze Ming Yau </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social worker-client interacting experience is scarcely studied in Hong Kong. Through this qualitative study, the experiences of Hong Kong social work practitioners in relating with clients provide new insights on social worker training and development. Thematic analysis is applied to examine the data collected by in-depth interviews with six local social work practitioners. The results show all practitioners have experienced both positive and challenging situations during the relating process. Their reactions either facilitate or hinder the process. Most of the practitioners’ strong reactions can be accounted for by using the concept of countertransference reactions during the interview session with clients. Moreover, they also have rarely reviewed the implications of those reactions after the session. In addition to countertransference, the self-expectation of practitioners also influences the relating process. Their self-expectations of being capable to help lead to anxiety. Though countertransference and anxiety of practitioners significantly influence the relating process, the practitioners do not adequately address personal issues and anxiety. Enhancing case conceptualization ability is their major coping strategy. The study has implications, including enhancement of social work training, workplace support, practitioner’s self-reflection, and integration of theory and practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping" title="coping">coping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=countertransference" title=" countertransference"> countertransference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactions" title=" reactions"> reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relating%20process" title=" relating process"> relating process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20workers" title=" social workers"> social workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138610/social-workers-reactions-and-coping-strategies-an-exploratory-study-about-the-social-worker-client-contacting-experiences-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3880</span> Thermodynamic Approach of Lanthanide-Iron Double Oxides Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Varazashvili">Vera Varazashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murman%20Tsarakhov"> Murman Tsarakhov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Mirianashvili"> Tamar Mirianashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teimuraz%20Pavlenishvili"> Teimuraz Pavlenishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengiz%20Machaladze"> Tengiz Machaladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mzia%20Khundadze"> Mzia Khundadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔGfor(298.15) of lanthanide-iron double oxides of garnet-type crystal structure R3Fe5O12 - RIG (R – are rare earth ions) from initial oxides are evaluated. The calculation is based on the data of standard entropies S298.15 and standard enthalpies ΔH298.15 of formation of compounds which are involved in the process of garnets synthesis. Gibbs energy of formation is presented as temperature function ΔGfor(T) for the range 300-1600K. The necessary starting thermodynamic data were obtained from calorimetric study of heat capacity – temperature functions and by using the semi-empirical method for calculation of ΔH298.15 of formation. Thermodynamic functions for standard temperature – enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy - are recommended as reference data for technological evaluations. Through the isostructural series of rare earth-iron garnets the correlation between thermodynamic properties and characteristics of lanthanide ions are elucidated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorimetry" title="calorimetry">calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy" title=" enthalpy"> enthalpy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20capacity" title=" heat capacity"> heat capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gibbs%20energy%20of%20formation" title=" gibbs energy of formation"> gibbs energy of formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20iron%20garnets" title=" rare earth iron garnets"> rare earth iron garnets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28939/thermodynamic-approach-of-lanthanide-iron-double-oxides-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3879</span> Standard Gibbs Energy of Formation and Entropy of Lanthanide-Iron Oxides of Garnet Crystal Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Varazashvili">Vera Varazashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murman%20Tsarakhov"> Murman Tsarakhov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Mirianashvili"> Tamar Mirianashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teimuraz%20Pavlenishvili"> Teimuraz Pavlenishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengiz%20Machaladze"> Tengiz Machaladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mzia%20Khundadze"> Mzia Khundadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔGfor(298.15) of lanthanide-iron double oxides of garnet-type crystal structure R3Fe5O12 - RIG (R – are rare earth ions) from initial oxides are evaluated. The calculation is based on the data of standard entropies S298.15 and standard enthalpies ΔH298.15 of formation of compounds which are involved in the process of garnets synthesis. Gibbs energy of formation is presented as temperature function ΔGfor(T) for the range 300-1600K. The necessary starting thermodynamic data were obtained from calorimetric study of heat capacity and by using the semi-empirical method for calculation of ΔH298.15 (formation). Thermodynamic functions for standard temperature – enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy - are recommended as reference data for technological evaluations. Through the isostructural series of rare earth-iron garnets the correlation between thermodynamic properties and characteristics of lanthanide ions are elucidated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorimetry" title="calorimetry">calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20capacity" title=" heat capacity"> heat capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gibbs%20energy%20of%20formation" title=" Gibbs energy of formation"> Gibbs energy of formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20iron%20garnets" title=" rare earth iron garnets"> rare earth iron garnets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28451/standard-gibbs-energy-of-formation-and-entropy-of-lanthanide-iron-oxides-of-garnet-crystal-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3878</span> Pedagogical Inclusiveness in Literacy Education: Teaching Reading and Writing to Non-Chinese Speaking Students in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Shiu-kee%20Shum">Mark Shiu-kee Shum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Shi"> Dan Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper aims to introduce the ‘Reading to Learn, Learning to Write’ (R2L) pedagogy and its application in teaching reading and writing to non-Chinese speaking (NCS) students in Hong Kong. Guided by the teaching and learning cycles accentuated in R2L pedagogy, sufficient scaffolding was provided for students with an explicit teaching method in literacy education. To understand the influence of using R2L pedagogy on students’ reading and writing abilities across different genres, quantitative data were collected by pre- and post-test of reading and writing tasks in the two different genres of narration and explanation. The pre-test and post-test were used to assess students’ writing performance based on the three textual components of context, discourse, and graphic features, while the reading abilities were assessed at the literal, inferred and interpretive levels of reading comprehension to measure the effectiveness of R2L pedagogy on their literacy improvement. The findings show the use of R2L pedagogy has been proven more effective in improving NCS students’ writing abilities than developing their reading capacity. It is hoped that the R2L-based pedagogic practices can serve as teaching references and pedagogic rationale for L1 language teachers and raise their metalinguistic awareness in teaching Chinese to non-Chinese speaking students in Hong Kong and beyond. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogical%20inclusiveness" title="pedagogical inclusiveness">pedagogical inclusiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy%20education" title=" literacy education"> literacy education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20minority" title=" ethnic minority"> ethnic minority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20and%20writing" title=" reading and writing"> reading and writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185183/pedagogical-inclusiveness-in-literacy-education-teaching-reading-and-writing-to-non-chinese-speaking-students-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3877</span> Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Implications of Reducing Meat Intakes in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cynthia%20Sau%20Chun%20Yip">Cynthia Sau Chun Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Fielding"> Richard Fielding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High meat and especially red meat intakes are significantly and positively associated with a multiple burden of diseases and also high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigated population meat intake patterns in Hong Kong. It quantified the burden of disease and GHG emission outcomes by modeling to adjust Hong Kong population meat intakes to recommended healthy levels. It compared age- and sex-specific population meat, fruit and vegetable intakes obtained from a population survey among adults aged 20 years and over in Hong Kong in 2005-2007, against intake recommendations suggested in the Modelling System to Inform the Revision of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE-2011-MS) technical document. This study found that meat and meat alternatives, especially red meat intakes among Hong Kong males aged 20+ years and over are significantly higher than recommended. Red meat intakes among females aged 50-69 years and other meat and alternatives intakes among aged 20-59 years are also higher than recommended. Taking the 2005-07 age- and sex-specific population meat intake as baselines, three counterfactual scenarios of adjusting Hong Kong adult population meat intakes to AGHE-2011-MS and Pre-2011 AGHE recommendations by the year 2030 were established. Consequent energy intake gaps were substituted with additional legume, fruit and vegetable intakes. To quantify the consequent GHG emission outcomes associated with Hong Kong meat intakes, Cradle-to-ready-to-eat lifecycle assessment emission outcome modelling was used. Comparative risk assessment of burden of disease model was used to quantify the health outcomes. This study found adjusting meat intakes to recommended levels could reduce Hong Kong GHG emission by 17%-44% when compared against baseline meat intake emissions, and prevent 2,519 to 7,012 premature deaths in males and 53 to 1,342 in females, as well as multiple burden of diseases when compared to the baseline meat intake scenario. Comparing lump sum meat intake reduction and outcome measures across the entire population, and using emission factors, and relative risks from individual studies in previous co-benefit studies, this study used age- and sex-specific input and output measures, emission factors and relative risks obtained from high quality meta-analysis and meta-review respectively, and has taken government dietary recommendations into account. Hence evaluations in this study are of better quality and more reflective of real life practices. Further to previous co-benefit studies, this study pinpointed age- and sex-specific population and meat-type-specific intervention points and leverages. When compared with similar studies in Australia, this study also showed that intervention points and leverages among populations in different geographic and cultural background could be different, and that globalization also globalizes meat consumption emission effects. More regional and cultural specific evaluations are recommended to promote more sustainable meat consumption and enhance global food security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burden%20of%20diseases" title="burden of diseases">burden of diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emissions" title=" greenhouse gas emissions"> greenhouse gas emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Kong%20diet" title=" Hong Kong diet"> Hong Kong diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20meat%20consumption" title=" sustainable meat consumption"> sustainable meat consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56358/health-and-greenhouse-gas-emission-implications-of-reducing-meat-intakes-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3876</span> The influence of Personality Traits on Appearance Evaluation among Chinese Teenagers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yichen%20Liu">Yichen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gexing%20Ding"> Gexing Ding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Past research seeking to understand our ability to update social impressions in light of behavioral inconsistencies has shown that morality is more dominant in impression formation and updating than ability (e.g. friendly vs. efficient). In this study, we aim to test whether this pattern holds among the teenage population in an eastern society. Our findings revealed that competency and moral judgments go beyond impression formation in social cognition by influencing physical attractiveness evaluation. Moreover, our results confirmed that moral description has a leading role over the other basic dimensions of human social cognition (i.e., competency) in driving the impression formation process in an eastern society. However, competency information was generally perceived as more favorable than moral information, regardless of valence. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of such effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impression%20formation" title="impression formation">impression formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cognition" title=" social cognition"> social cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20judgment" title=" moral judgment"> moral judgment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural" title=" cross-cultural"> cross-cultural</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141597/the-influence-of-personality-traits-on-appearance-evaluation-among-chinese-teenagers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3875</span> Understanding the Top Questions Asked about Hong Kong by Travellers Worldwide through a Corpus-Based Discourse Analytic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phoenix%20W.%20Y.%20Lam">Phoenix W. Y. Lam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the most important service-oriented industries in contemporary society, tourism has increasingly seen the influence of the Internet on all aspects of travelling. Travellers nowadays habitually research online before making travel-related decisions. One platform on which such research is conducted is destination forums. The emergence of such online destination forums in the last decade has allowed tourists to share their travel experiences quickly and easily with a large number of online users around the world. As such, these destination forums also provide invaluable data for tourism bodies to better understand travellers’ views on their destinations. Collecting posts from the Hong Kong travel forum on the world’s largest travel website TripAdvisor®, the present study identifies the top questions asked by TripAdvisor users about Hong Kong through a corpus-based discourse analytic approach. Based on questions posted on the forum and their associated meta-data gathered in a one-year period, the study examines the top questions asked by travellers around the world to identify the key geographical locations in which users have shown the greatest interest in the city. Questions raised by travellers from different geographical locations are also compared to see if traveller communities by location vary in terms of their areas of interest. This analysis involves the study of key words and concordance of frequently-occurring items and a close reading of representative examples in context. Findings from the present study show that travellers who asked the most questions about Hong Kong are from North America and Asia, and that travellers from different locations have different concerns and interests, which are clearly reflected in the language of the questions asked on the travel forum. These findings can therefore provide tourism organisations with useful information about the key markets that should be targeted for promotional purposes, and can also allow such organisations to design advertising campaigns which better address the specific needs of such markets. The present study thus demonstrates the value of applying linguistic knowledge and methodologies to the domain of tourism to address practical issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus" title="corpus">corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hong%20kong" title=" hong kong"> hong kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20travel%20forum" title=" online travel forum"> online travel forum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TripAdvisor" title=" TripAdvisor"> TripAdvisor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79915/understanding-the-top-questions-asked-about-hong-kong-by-travellers-worldwide-through-a-corpus-based-discourse-analytic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3874</span> The Effect of Calcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Rabbit Dental Pulp Stem Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling-Ling%20E">Ling-Ling E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Feng"> Lin Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong-Chen%20Liu"> Hong-Chen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Sheng%20Wang"> Dong-Sheng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhanping%20Shi"> Zhanping Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juncheng%20Wang"> Juncheng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Luo"> Wei Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Lv"> Yan Lv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the two calcium phosphate composite scaffolds on the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rabbit dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). One nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly (L-lactide) (nHAC/PLA), imitating the composition and the micro-structure characteristics of the natural bone, was made by Beijing Allgens Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (China). The other beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), being fully interoperability globular pore structure, was provided by Shanghai Bio-lu Biomaterials Co, Ltd. (China). We compared the absorption water rate and the protein adsorption rate of two scaffolds and the characterization of DPSCs cultured on the culture plate and both scaffolds under osteogenic differentiation media (ODM) treatment. The constructs were then implanted subcutaneously into the back of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice for 8 and 12 weeks to compare their bone formation capacity. The results showed that the ODM-treated DPSCs expressed osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (COLI) and osteopontin (OPN) by immunofluorescence staining. Positive alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, calcium deposition and calcium nodules were also observed on the ODM-treated DPSCs. The nHAC/PLA had significantly higher absorption water rate and protein adsorption rate than ß-TCP. The initial attachment of DPSCs seeded onto nHAC/PLA was significantly higher than that onto ß-TCP; and the proliferation rate of the cells was significantly higher than that of ß-TCP on 1, 3 and 7 days of cell culture. DPSCs+ß-TCP had significantly higher ALP activity, calcium/phosphorus content and mineral formation than DPSCs+nHAC/PLA. When implanted into the back of SCID mice, nHAC/PLA alone had no new bone formation, newly formed mature bone and osteoid were only observed in β-TCP alone, DPSCs+nHAC/PLA and DPSCs+β-TCP, and this three groups displayed increased bone formation over the 12-week period. The percentage of total bone formation area had no difference between DPSCs+β-TCP and DPSCs+nHAC/PLA at each time point，but the percentage of mature bone formation area of DPSCs+β-TCP was significantly higher than that of DPSCs+nHAC/PLA. Our results demonstrated that the DPSCs on nHAC/PLA had a better proliferation and that the DPSCs on β-TCP had a more mineralization in vitro, much more newly formed mature bones in vivo were presented in DPSCs+β-TCP group. These findings have provided a further knowledge that scaffold architecture has a different influence on the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. This study may provide insight into the clinical periodontal bone tissue repair with DPSCs+β-TCP construct. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20pulp%20stem%20cells" title="dental pulp stem cells">dental pulp stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-hydroxyapatite%2Fcollagen%2Fpoly%28L-lactide%29" title=" nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactide)"> nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactide)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-tricalcium%20phosphate" title=" beta-tricalcium phosphate"> beta-tricalcium phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodontal%20tissue%20engineering" title=" periodontal tissue engineering"> periodontal tissue engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20regeneration" title=" bone regeneration"> bone regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27970/the-effect-of-calcium-phosphate-composite-scaffolds-on-the-osteogenic-differentiation-of-rabbit-dental-pulp-stem-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3873</span> Evolutionary Swarm Robotics: Dynamic Subgoal-Based Path Formation and Task Allocation for Exploration and Navigation in Unknown Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lavanya%20Ratnabala">Lavanya Ratnabala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robinroy%20Peter"> Robinroy Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Y.%20A.%20Charles"> E. Y. A. Charles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper addresses the challenges of exploration and navigation in unknown environments from an evolutionary swarm robotics perspective. Path formation plays a crucial role in enabling cooperative swarm robots to accomplish these tasks. The paper presents a method called the sub-goal-based path formation, which establishes a path between two different locations by exploiting visually connected sub-goals. Simulation experiments conducted in the Argos simulator demonstrate the successful formation of paths in the majority of trials. Furthermore, the paper tackles the problem of inter-collision (traffic) among a large number of robots engaged in path formation, which negatively impacts the performance of the sub-goal-based method. To mitigate this issue, a task allocation strategy is proposed, leveraging local communication protocols and light signal-based communication. The strategy evaluates the distance between points and determines the required number of robots for the path formation task, reducing unwanted exploration and traffic congestion. The performance of the sub-goal-based path formation and task allocation strategy is evaluated by comparing path length, time, and resource reduction against the A* algorithm. The simulation experiments demonstrate promising results, showcasing the scalability, robustness, and fault tolerance characteristics of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swarm" title="swarm">swarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20formation" title=" path formation"> path formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20allocation" title=" task allocation"> task allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argos" title=" Argos"> Argos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploration" title=" exploration"> exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navigation" title=" navigation"> navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-goal" title=" sub-goal"> sub-goal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182305/evolutionary-swarm-robotics-dynamic-subgoal-based-path-formation-and-task-allocation-for-exploration-and-navigation-in-unknown-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3872</span> Explaining the Changes in Contentious Politics of China: A Comparative Study of Falun Gong and 'Diaosi'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larry%20Lai">Larry Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evans%20Leung"> Evans Leung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Falun gong is a self-proclaimed religious group that has been under crackdown by Beijing for more than two decades. Diaosi, on the other hand, is an emerging community with members loosely connected on the internet through different online social platforms, centering around the sharing of different hobbies and interests. Diaosi community has been transformed from a potential threat to the Chinese authority for different causes to a pro-government force. This paper seeks to explain the different strategies adopted by the People's Republic of China (PRC) regime in handling these two potential threatening communities. Both communities share some obvious similarities: (1) both have massive nation-wide participation; (2) both have attempted to challenge the PRC's authority through contentious means; (3) both have high level of mobility, online or offline; and (4) both have at first been unnoticed until the threat against the PRC have taken form. But the strategies the PRC endorsed against the communities were, in many ways, different. The question is: if the strategy against Falun Gong has been an effective one, why used other strategies against Diaosi? The authors argue that the main reason for using different strategies lies in the differences between the two communities in terms of (i) the nature of the groups, and (ii) the group dynamics. Lastly, based on this analysis, the authors attempt to explore the possible strategies that the PRC would adopt against the Hong Kong cyber-world political community in light of the latest national security law in Hong Kong. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contentious%20politics" title="contentious politics">contentious politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diaosi" title=" Diaosi"> Diaosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Falun%20Gong" title=" Falun Gong"> Falun Gong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Kong" title=" Hong Kong"> Hong Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China" title=" People's Republic of China"> People's Republic of China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127836/explaining-the-changes-in-contentious-politics-of-china-a-comparative-study-of-falun-gong-and-diaosi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3871</span> Forum Shopping in Biotechnology Law: Understanding Conflict of Laws in Protecting GMO-Based Inventions as Part of a Patent Portfolio in the Greater China Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20C.%20Lim">Eugene C. Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper seeks to examine the extent to which ‘forum shopping’ is available to patent filers seeking protection of GMO (genetically modified organisms)-based inventions in Hong Kong. Under Hong Kong’s current re-registration system for standard patents, an inventor must first seek patent protection from one of three Designated Patent Offices (DPO) – those of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Europe Union (EU) (designating the UK), or the United Kingdom (UK). The ‘designated patent’ can then be re-registered by the successful patentee in Hong Kong. Interestingly, however, the EU and the PRC do not adopt a harmonized approach toward the patenting of GMOs, and there are discrepancies in their interpretation of the phrase ‘animal or plant variety’. In view of these divergences, the ability to effectively manage ‘conflict of law’ issues is an important priority for multinational biotechnology firms with a patent portfolio in the Greater China region. Generally speaking, both the EU and the PRC exclude ‘animal and plant varieties’ from the scope of patentable subject matter. However, in the EU, Article 4(2) of the Biotechnology Directive allows a genetically modified plant or animal to be patented if its ‘technical feasibility is not limited to a specific variety’. This principle has allowed for certain ‘transgenic’ mammals, such as the ‘Harvard Oncomouse’, to be the subject of a successful patent grant in the EU. There is no corresponding provision on ‘technical feasibility’ in the patent legislation of the PRC. Although the PRC has a sui generis system for protecting plant varieties, its patent legislation allows the patenting of non-biological methods for producing transgenic organisms, not the ‘organisms’ themselves. This might lead to a situation where an inventor can obtain patent protection in Hong Kong over transgenic life forms through the re-registration of a patent from a more ‘biotech-friendly’ DPO, even though the subject matter in question might not be patentable per se in the PRC. Through a comparative doctrinal analysis of legislative provisions, cases and court interpretations, this paper argues that differences in the protection afforded to GMOs do not generally prejudice the ability of global MNCs to obtain patent protection in Hong Kong. Corporations which are able to first obtain patents for GMO-based inventions in Europe can generally use their European patent as the basis for re-registration in Hong Kong, even if such protection might not be available in the PRC itself. However, the more restrictive approach to GMO-based patents adopted in the PRC would be more acutely felt by enterprises and inventors based in mainland China. The broader scope of protection offered to GMO-based patents in Europe might not be available in Hong Kong to mainland Chinese patentees under the current re-registration model for standard patents, unless they have the resources to apply for patent protection as well from another (European) DPO as the basis for re-registration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title="biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forum%20shopping" title=" forum shopping"> forum shopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetically%20modified%20organisms%20%28GMOs%29" title=" genetically modified organisms (GMOs)"> genetically modified organisms (GMOs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greater%20China%20region" title=" greater China region"> greater China region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20portfolio" title=" patent portfolio"> patent portfolio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48983/forum-shopping-in-biotechnology-law-understanding-conflict-of-laws-in-protecting-gmo-based-inventions-as-part-of-a-patent-portfolio-in-the-greater-china-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3870</span> Exploring the Visual Representations of Neon Signs and Its Vernacular Tacit Knowledge of Neon Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Kwok">Brian Kwok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hong Kong is well-known for its name as "the Pearl of the Orient", due to its spectacular night-view with vast amount of decorative neon lights on the streets. Neon signs are first used as the pervasive media of communication for all kinds of commercial advertising, ranging from movie theatres to nightclubs and department stores, and later appropriated by artists as medium of artwork. As a well-established visual language, it displays texts in bilingual format due to British's colonial influence, which are sometimes arranged in an opposite reading order. Research on neon signs as a visual representation is rare but significant because they are part of people’s collective memories of the unique cityscapes which associate the shifting values of people's daily lives and culture identity. Nevertheless, with the current policy to remove abandoned neon signs, their total number dramatically declines recently. The Buildings Department found an estimation of 120,000 unauthorized signboards (including neon signs) in Hong Kong in 2013, and the removal of such is at a rate of estimated 1,600 per year since 2006. In other words, the vernacular cultural values and historical continuity of neon signs will gradually be vanished if no immediate action is taken in documenting them for the purpose of research and cultural preservation. Therefore, the Hong Kong Neon Signs Archive project was established in June of 2015, and over 100 neon signs are photo-documented so far. By content analysis, this project will explore the two components of neon signs – the use of visual languages and vernacular tacit knowledge of neon makers. It attempts to answer these questions about Hong Kong's neon signs: 'What are the ways in which visual representations are used to produce our cityscapes and streetscapes?'; 'What are the visual languages and conventions of usage in different business types?'; 'What the intact knowledge are applied when producing these visual forms of neon signs?' <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cityscapes" title="cityscapes">cityscapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neon%20signs" title=" neon signs"> neon signs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tacit%20knowledge" title=" tacit knowledge"> tacit knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20representation" title=" visual representation "> visual representation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43147/exploring-the-visual-representations-of-neon-signs-and-its-vernacular-tacit-knowledge-of-neon-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3869</span> Spectral Clustering for Manufacturing Cell Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yessica%20Nataliani">Yessica Nataliani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miin-Shen%20Yang"> Miin-Shen Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell formation (CF) is an important step in group technology. It is used in designing cellular manufacturing systems using similarities between parts in relation to machines so that it can identify part families and machine groups. There are many CF methods in the literature, but there is less spectral clustering used in CF. In this paper, we propose a spectral clustering algorithm for machine-part CF. Some experimental examples are used to illustrate its efficiency. Overall, the spectral clustering algorithm can be used in CF with a wide variety of machine/part matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20technology" title="group technology">group technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20formation" title=" cell formation"> cell formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20clustering" title=" spectral clustering"> spectral clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grouping%20efficiency" title=" grouping efficiency"> grouping efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72294/spectral-clustering-for-manufacturing-cell-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3868</span> Experimental Study of CO₂ Hydrate Formation in Presence of Different Promotors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Soroush">Samaneh Soroush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tommy%20Golczynski"> Tommy Golczynski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Spratt"> Tony Spratt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the new technologies for CO₂ capture, storage, and utilization (CCSU) is forming clathrate hydrate. This technology has some unknowns and challenges that make it difficult to apply in the real world. The low formation rate is one of the main difficulties of CO₂ hydrate. In this work, the effect of different promotors on the hydrate formation rate has been studied. Two surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), and cyclopentane (CP) as a thermodynamic promotor and their combination have been used for the experiments. The results showed that the SDS is a powerful kinetic promotor and its combination with CP helps to convert more CO₂ to hydrate in a short time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20capture" title="carbon capture">carbon capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrate" title=" hydrate"> hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotor" title=" promotor"> promotor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139412/experimental-study-of-co2-hydrate-formation-in-presence-of-different-promotors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3867</span> Dynamic Corrosion Prevention through Magneto-Responsive Nanostructure with Controllable Hydrophobicity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20McCarthy">Anne McCarthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Kim"> Anna Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin%20Song"> Yin Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoo%20Jo"> Kyoo Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donald%20Cropek"> Donald Cropek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungmin%20Hong"> Sungmin Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corrosion prevention remains an indispensable concern across a spectrum of industries, demanding inventive and adaptable methodologies to effectively tackle the ever-evolving obstacles presented by corrosive surroundings. This abstract introduces a pioneering approach to corrosion prevention that amalgamates the distinct attributes of magneto-responsive polymers with finely adjustable hydrophobicity inspired by the structure of cicada wings, effectively deterring bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. The proposed strategy entails the creation of an innovative array of magneto-responsive nanostructures endowed with the capacity to dynamically modulate their hydrophobic characteristics. This dynamic control over hydrophobicity facilitates active repulsion of water and corrosive agents on demand. Additionally, the cyclic motion generated by magnetic activation prevents the biofilms formation and rejection. Thus, the synergistic interplay between magneto-active nanostructures and hydrophobicity manipulation establishes a versatile defensive mechanism against diverse corrosive agents. This study introduces a novel method for corrosion prevention, harnessing the advantages of magneto-active nanostructures and the precision of hydrophobicity adjustment, resulting in water-repellency, effective biofilm removal, and offering a promising solution to handle corrosion-related challenges. We believe that the combined effect will significantly contribute to extending asset lifespan, improving safety, and reducing maintenance costs in the face of corrosion threats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magneto-active%20material" title="magneto-active material">magneto-active material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoimprinting" title=" nanoimprinting"> nanoimprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20prevention" title=" corrosion prevention"> corrosion prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176150/dynamic-corrosion-prevention-through-magneto-responsive-nanostructure-with-controllable-hydrophobicity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3866</span> High-Temperature Corrosion of Aluminized and Chromized Fe-25.8%Cr-19.5%Ni Alloys in N2/H2S/H2O-mixed Gases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Jung%20Kim">Min Jung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee"> Dong Bok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alloys of Fe-25.8%Cr-19.5%Ni (SUS310 stainless steel) were either chromized or aluminized via pack cementation, and corroded at 800 oC for 100 h in 1 atm of (0.9448 atm of N2+0.031 atm of H2O+0.0242 atm of H2S)-mixed gases. The chromized layer consisted primarily of Cr1.36Fe0.52 and some Cr23C6. Its corrosion resulted in the formation of Cr2S3 and some FeS and Fe5Ni4S8. The aluminized coating consisted primarily of FeAl. Its corrosion resulted in the formation of α-Al2O3, Al2S3, and Cr2S3. Aluminizing was more effective than chromizing in increasing the corrosion resistance of the substrate, due mainly to the formation of α-Al2O3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminizing" title="aluminizing">aluminizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromizing" title=" chromizing"> chromizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H2S%20gas" title=" H2S gas "> H2S gas </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19341/high-temperature-corrosion-of-aluminized-and-chromized-fe-258cr-195ni-alloys-in-n2h2sh2o-mixed-gases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3865</span> Damage in Cementitious Materials Exposed to Sodium Chloride Solution and Thermal Cycling: The Effect of Using Supplementary Cementitious Materials </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadi%20Althoey">Fadi Althoey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaghoob%20Farnam"> Yaghoob Farnam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sodium chloride (NaCl) can interact with the tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and its hydrates in concrete matrix. This interaction can result in formation of a harmful chemical phase as the temperature changes. It is thought that this chemical phase is embroiled in the premature concrete deterioration in the cold regions. This work examines the potential formation of the harmful chemical phase in various pastes prepared by using different types of ordinary portland cement (OPC) and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The quantification of the chemical phase was done by using a low temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the chemical phase formation can be reduced by using Type V cement (low content of C3A). The use of SCMs showed different behaviors on the formation of the chemical phase. Slag and Class F fly ash can reduce the chemical phase by the dilution of cement whereas silica fume can reduce the amount of the chemical phase by dilution and pozzolanic activates. Interestingly, the use of Class C fly ash has a negative effect on concrete exposed to NaCl through increasing the formation of the chemical phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemcial%20phase" title=" chemcial phase"> chemcial phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl" title=" NaCl"> NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCMs" title=" SCMs"> SCMs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123461/damage-in-cementitious-materials-exposed-to-sodium-chloride-solution-and-thermal-cycling-the-effect-of-using-supplementary-cementitious-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3864</span> Implementing of Indoor Air Quality Index in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20W.%20Mui">Kwok W. Mui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20T.%20Wong"> Ling T. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsz%20W.%20Tsang"> Tsz W. Tsang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many Hong Kong people nowadays spend most of their lifetime working indoor. Since poor Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) potentially leads to discomfort, ill health, low productivity and even absenteeism in workplaces, a call for establishing statutory IAQ control to safeguard the well-being of residents is urgently required. Although policies, strategies, and guidelines for workplace IAQ diagnosis have been developed elsewhere and followed with remedial works, some of those workplaces or buildings have relatively late stage of the IAQ problems when the investigation or remedial work started. Screening for IAQ problems should be initiated as it will provide information as a minimum provision of IAQ baseline requisite to the resolution of the problems. It is not practical to sample all air pollutants that exit. Nevertheless, as a statutory control, reliable, rapid screening is essential in accordance with a compromise strategy, which balances costs against detection of key pollutants. This study investigates the feasibility of using an IAQ index as a parameter of IAQ control in Hong Kong. The index is a screening parameter to identify the unsatisfactory workplace IAQ and will highlight where a fully effective IAQ monitoring and assessment is needed for an intensive diagnosis. There already exist a number of representative common indoor pollutants based on some extensive IAQ assessments. The selection of pollutants is surrogate to IAQ control consists of dilution, mitigation, and emission control. The IAQ Index and assessment will look at high fractional quantities of these common measurement parameters. With the support of the existing comprehensive regional IAQ database and the IAQ Index by the research team as the pre-assessment probability, and the unsatisfactory IAQ prevalence as the post-assessment probability from this study, thresholds of maintaining the current measures and performing a further IAQ test or IAQ remedial measures will be proposed. With justified resources, the proposed IAQ Index and assessment protocol might be a useful tool for setting up a practical public IAQ surveillance programme and policy in Hong Kong. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index" title=" index"> index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title=" indoor air quality"> indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance%20programme" title=" surveillance programme"> surveillance programme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60571/implementing-of-indoor-air-quality-index-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3863</span> Technological Approach in Question Formation for Assessment of Interviewees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shujan">S. Shujan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20T.%20Rupasinghe"> A. T. Rupasinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20L.%20Gunawardena"> N. L. Gunawardena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous studies have determined that there is a direct correlation between the successful interviewee and the nonverbal behavioral patterns of that person during the interview. In this study, we focus on formations of interview questions in such a way that, it gets an opportunity for assessing interviewee through the answers using the nonverbal behavioral cues. From all the nonverbal behavioral factors we have identified, in this study priority is given to the ‘facial expression variations’ with the assistance of facial expression analytics tool; this research proposes a novel approach in question formation for the assessment of interviewees in ‘Software Industry’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessments" title="assessments">assessments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hirability" title=" hirability"> hirability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interviews" title=" interviews"> interviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-verbal%20behaviour%20patterns" title=" non-verbal behaviour patterns"> non-verbal behaviour patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=question%20formation" title=" question formation"> question formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41604/technological-approach-in-question-formation-for-assessment-of-interviewees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3862</span> Investigation of the NO2 Formation in the Exhaust Duct of a Dual Fuel Test Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Arabian">Ehsan Arabian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Sattelmayer"> Thomas Sattelmayer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formation of nitrogen dioxide NO2 in the exhaust duct of a MAN dual fuel test engine has been investigated numerically. The dual fuel engine concept with premixed lean methane combustion ignited through diesel pilot flames reveals high potential for the abatement of the NOx formation. The drawback of this combustion method, however, is the high NO2 formation due to the increasing concentration of unburned hydrocarbons. This promotes the conversion of NO to NO2, which is toxic and characterized through its yellow color. The results presented in this paper cover a wide range of engine operation points from full load to part load for different air to fuel ratios. The effects of temperature, pressure and concentrations of unburned methane and nitric oxide on NO2 formation in the exhaust duct has been investigated on the basis of a zero-dimensional well stirred reactor model implemented in Cantera, which calculates the steady state of a uniform composition for a certain residence time. It can be shown that the simulated conversion of NO to NO2 match the experimental results fairly well. The partial oxidation of methane followed by CO production can be predicted as well. It can also be concluded that the lower temperature limit for which no conversion takes place, depends mainly on the concentration of the unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantera" title="cantera">cantera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20fuel%20engines" title=" dual fuel engines"> dual fuel engines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20tract" title=" exhaust tract"> exhaust tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling%20of%20NO2%20formation" title=" numerical modeling of NO2 formation"> numerical modeling of NO2 formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20stirred%20reactor" title=" well stirred reactor"> well stirred reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81509/investigation-of-the-no2-formation-in-the-exhaust-duct-of-a-dual-fuel-test-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3861</span> Formation of Protective Silicide-Aluminide Coating on Gamma-TiAl Advanced Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nouri">S. Nouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Si-aluminide coating was prepared on gamma-TiAl [Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-1B (at. %)] via liquid-phase slurry procedure. The high temperature oxidation resistance of this diffusion coating was evaluated at 1100 °C for 400 hours. The results of the isothermal oxidation showed that the formation of Si-aluminide coating can remarkably improve the high temperature oxidation of bare gamma-TiAl alloy. The identification of oxide scale microstructure showed that the formation of protective Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+SiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide scale along with a continuous, compact and uniform layer of Ti<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> beneath the surface oxide scale can act as an oxygen diffusion barrier during the high temperature oxidation. The other possible mechanisms related to the formation of Si-aluminide coating and oxide scales were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamma-TiAl%20alloy" title="Gamma-TiAl alloy">Gamma-TiAl alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20oxidation" title=" high temperature oxidation"> high temperature oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-aluminide%20coating" title=" Si-aluminide coating"> Si-aluminide coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slurry%20procedure" title=" slurry procedure"> slurry procedure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858/formation-of-protective-silicide-aluminide-coating-on-gamma-tial-advanced-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3860</span> Examination of the Reasons for the Formation of Red Oil in Spent Caustic from Olefin Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Seifollahi">Mehdi Seifollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashkan%20Forootan"> Ashkan Forootan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Bahrami%20Reyhan"> Sajjad Bahrami Reyhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the complexity of olefinic plants, various environmental pollutants exist such as NO<sub>x</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, Tar Water, and most importantly Spent Caustic. In this paper, instead of investigating ways of treating this pollutant, we evaluated the production in relation to plant’s variable items. We primarily discussed the factors affecting the quality of the output spent caustic such as impurities in the feed of olefin plant, the amount of injected dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in furnaces, variation in feed composition, differences among gas temperatures and the concentration of caustic solution at the bottom of the tower. The results of the laboratory proved that in the formation of Red Oil, 1,3butadiene and acetaldehyde followed free radical and aldol condensation mechanism respectively. By increasing the injection rate of DMDS, Mercaptide amount increases in the effluent. In addition, pyrolysis gasoline accumulation is directly related to caustic concentration in the tower. Increasing naphtenes in the liquid feed augments the amount of 1,3butadiene, as one of the sources of Red Oil formation. By increasing the oxygenated compound in the feed, the rate of acetaldehyde formation, as the main source of Red Oil formation, increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olefin" title="olefin">olefin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20caustic" title=" spent caustic"> spent caustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20oil" title=" red oil"> red oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caustic%20wash%20tower" title=" caustic wash tower"> caustic wash tower</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40801/examination-of-the-reasons-for-the-formation-of-red-oil-in-spent-caustic-from-olefin-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3859</span> In-Situ LDH Formation of Sodium Aluminate Activated Slag</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Liu">Tao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingliang%20Yu"> Qingliang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20H.%20Brouwers"> H. J. H. Brouwers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the reaction products in the alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (AAS), the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have a remarkable capacity of chloride and heavy metal ions absorption. The promotion of LDH phases in the AAS matrix can increase chloride resistance. The objective of this study is that use the different dosages of sodium aluminate to activate slag, consequently promoting the formation of in-situ LDH. The hydration kinetics of the sodium aluminate activated slag (SAAS) was tested by the isothermal calorimetry. Meanwhile, the reaction products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sodium hydroxide-activated slag is selected as the reference. The results of XRD, TGA, and FTIR showed that the formation of LDH in SAAS was increased by the aluminate dosages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20granulated%20blast%20furnace%20slag" title="ground granulated blast furnace slag">ground granulated blast furnace slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20aluminate%20activated%20slag" title=" sodium aluminate activated slag"> sodium aluminate activated slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20LDH%20formation" title=" in-situ LDH formation"> in-situ LDH formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloride%20absorption" title=" chloride absorption"> chloride absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143331/in-situ-ldh-formation-of-sodium-aluminate-activated-slag" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3858</span> Case Study: The Analysis of Maturity of West Buru Basin and the Potential Development of Geothermal in West Buru Island</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kefi%20Rahmadio">Kefi Rahmadio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filipus%20Armando%20Ginting"> Filipus Armando Ginting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Nainggolan"> Richard Nainggolan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research shows the formation of the West Buru Basin and the potential utilization of this West Buru Basin as a geothermal potential. The research area is West Buru Island which is part of the West Buru Basin. The island is located in Maluku Province, with its capital city named Namlea. The island is divided into 10 districts, namely District Kepalamadan, Airbuaya District, Wapelau District, Namlea District, Waeapo District, Batabual District, Namrole District, Waesama District, Leksula District, and Ambalau District. The formation in this basin is Permian-Quarter. They start from the Formation Ghegan, Dalan Formation, Mefa Formation, Kuma Formation, Waeken Formation, Wakatin Formation, Ftau Formation and Leko Formation. These formations are composing this West Buru Basin. Determination of prospect area in the geothermal area with preliminary investigation stage through observation of manifestation, topographic shape and structure are found around prospect area. This is done because there is no data of earth that support the determination of prospect area more accurately. In Waepo area, electric power generated based on field observation and structural analysis, geothermal area of Waeapo was approximately 6 km², with reference to the SNI 'Classification of Geothermal Potential' (No.03-5012-1999), an area of 1 km² is assumed to be 12.5 MWe. The speculative potential of this area is (Q) = 6 x 12.5 MWe = 75 MWe. In the Bata Bual area, the geothermal prospect projected 4 km², the speculative potential of the Bata Bual area is worth (Q) = 4 x 12.5 MWe = 50 MWe. In Kepala Madan area, based on the estimation of manifestation area, there is a wide area of prospect in Kepala Madan area about 4 km². The geothermal energy potential of the speculative level in Kepala Madan district is (Q) = 4 x 12.5 MWe = 50 MWe. These three areas are the largest geothermal potential on the island of West Buru. From the above research, it can be concluded that there is potential in West Buru Island. Further exploration is needed to find greater potential. Therefore, researchers want to explain the geothermal potential contained in the West Buru Basin, within the scope of West Buru Island. This potential can be utilized for the community of West Buru Island. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Buru%20basin" title="West Buru basin">West Buru basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Buru%20island" title=" West Buru island"> West Buru island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential" title=" potential"> potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waepo" title=" Waepo"> Waepo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bata%20Bual" title=" Bata Bual"> Bata Bual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kepala%20Madan" title=" Kepala Madan"> Kepala Madan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83714/case-study-the-analysis-of-maturity-of-west-buru-basin-and-the-potential-development-of-geothermal-in-west-buru-island" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3857</span> A Comparative Performance of Polyaspartic Acid and Sodium Polyacrylate on Silicate Scale Inhibition </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Bin%20Mohd%20Saaid">Ismail Bin Mohd Saaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Abubakar%20Umar"> Abubakar Abubakar Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the successes recorded by Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer (ASP) flooding as an effective chemical EOR technique, the combination CEOR is not unassociated with stern glitches, one of which is the scaling of downhole equipment. One of the major issues inside the oil industry is how to control scale formation, regardless of whether it is in the wellhead equipment, down-hole pipelines or even the actual field formation. The best approach to handle the challenge associated with oilfield scale formation is the application of scale inhibitors to avert the scale formation. Chemical inhibitors have been employed in doing such. But due to environmental regulations, the industry have focused on using green scale inhibitors to mitigate the formation of scales. This paper compares the scale inhibition performance of Polyaspartic acid and sodium polyacrylic acid, both commercial green scale inhibitors, in mitigating silicate scales formed during Alkaline/Surfactant/polymer flooding under static conditions. Both PASP and TH5000 are non-threshold inhibitors, therefore their efficiency was only seeing in delaying the deposition of the silicate scales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%2Fsurfactant%2Fpolymer%20flooding%20%28ASP%29" title="alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding (ASP)">alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding (ASP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaspartic%20acid%20%28PASP%29" title=" polyaspartic acid (PASP)"> polyaspartic acid (PASP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20polyacrylate%20%28SPA%29" title=" sodium polyacrylate (SPA)"> sodium polyacrylate (SPA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29025/a-comparative-performance-of-polyaspartic-acid-and-sodium-polyacrylate-on-silicate-scale-inhibition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Hoi%20formation&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Hoi%20formation&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Hoi%20formation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">3</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Hoi%20formation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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