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Octopuses possess eight seemingly identical arms but have recently been reported to show a preference as to which arm they use to initiate contact with objects. These animals also exhibit lateralized eye use, therefore, a connection between eye and arm preference seems possible. Seven Octopus vulgaris were observed during approach, contact initiation and exploration of plastic objects that were positioned on three different levels in the water column. The subjects most commonly used an arm to initiate contact with an object that was in a direct line between the eye used to look at the object, and the object itself. This indicates that choice of arm use is spatially rather opportunistic when depending on visual guidance. Additionally, first contact with an object was usually established by the central third of the arm and in arm contact sequences neighboring arms were the most likely to follow an arm already touching the object. Although results point towards strong eye/arm coordination, we did not find lateralized behavior in this experiment. Results are discussed from a neuro-anatomical, behavioral and ecological perspective.","publication_date":"2006,,","publication_name":"Behavioural Brain Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"43378362"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Octopus arm choice is strongly influenced by eye use","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34351133]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The octopus: beauty in simplicity","attachmentId":101955233,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101404310/The_octopus_beauty_in_simplicity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101404310/The_octopus_beauty_in_simplicity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="6041356" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6041356/Organization_of_Octopus_Arm_Movements_A_Model_System_for_Studying_the_Control_of_Flexible_Arms">Organization of Octopus Arm Movements: A Model System for Studying the Control of Flexible Arms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9072332" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YosefYarom">Yosef Yarom</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Organization of Octopus Arm Movements: A Model System for Studying the Control of Flexible 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href="https://www.academia.edu/22647313/Lateralized_eye_use_in_Octopus_vulgaris_shows_antisymmetrical_distribution">Lateralized eye use in Octopus vulgaris shows antisymmetrical distribution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34351133" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KubaMichael">Michael Kuba</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lateralized eye use in Octopus vulgaris shows antisymmetrical distribution","attachmentId":43239896,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22647313/Lateralized_eye_use_in_Octopus_vulgaris_shows_antisymmetrical_distribution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22647313/Lateralized_eye_use_in_Octopus_vulgaris_shows_antisymmetrical_distribution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="15373928" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15373928/Stereotypical_reaching_movements_of_the_octopus_involve_both_bend">Stereotypical reaching movements of the octopus involve both bend</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2155746" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BotvinnikAlexander">Botvinnik Alexander</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The bend propagation involved in the stereotypical reaching movement of the octopus arm has been extensively studied. While these studies have analyzed the kinematics of bend propagation along the arm during its extension, possible length changes have been ignored. Here, the elongation profiles of the reaching movements of Octopus vulgaris were assessed using three-dimensional reconstructions. The analysis revealed that, in addition to bend propagation, arm extension movements involve elongation of the proximal part of the arm, i.e., the section from the base of the arm to the propagating bend. The elongations are quite substantial and highly variable, ranging from an average strain along the arm of −0.12 (i.e. shortening) up to 1.8 at the end of the movement (0.57 ± 0.41, n=64 movements, four animals). Less variability was discovered in an additional set of experiments on reaching movements (0.64 ± 0.28, n = 30 movements, two animals), where target and octopus positions were kept more stationary. Visual observation and subsequent kinematic analysis suggest that the reaching movements can be broadly segregated into two groups. The first group involves bend propagation beginning at the base of the arm and propagating towards the arm tip. In the second, the bend is formed or present more distally and reaching is achieved mainly by elongation and straightening of the segment proximal to the bend. Only in the second type of movements is elongation significantly positively correlated with the distance of the bend from the target.Wesuggest that reaching towards a target is generated by a combination of both propagation of a bend along the arm and arm elongation. These two motor primitives may be combined to create a broad spectrum of reaching movements. The dynamical model, which recapitulates the biomechanics of the octopus muscular hydrostatic arm, suggests that achieving the observed elongation requires an extremely low ratio of longitudinal to transverse muscle force (<0.0016 for an average strain along the arm of around 0.5). This was not observed and moreover such extremely low value does not seem to be physiologically possible. Hence the assumptions made in applying the dynamic model to behaviors such as static arm stiffening that leads to arm extension through bend propagation and the patterns of activation used to simulate such behaviors should be modified to account for movements combining bend propagation and arm elongation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Stereotypical reaching movements of the octopus involve both bend","attachmentId":38662899,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15373928/Stereotypical_reaching_movements_of_the_octopus_involve_both_bend","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15373928/Stereotypical_reaching_movements_of_the_octopus_involve_both_bend"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="100840933" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100840933/Stereotypical_reaching_movements_of_the_octopus_involve_both_bend_propagation_and_arm_elongation">Stereotypical reaching movements of the octopus involve both bend propagation and arm elongation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29157166" href="https://huji.academia.edu/BennyHochner">Benny Hochner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bioinspiration &amp; Biomimetics, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Stereotypical reaching movements of the octopus involve both bend propagation and arm elongation","attachmentId":101547860,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100840933/Stereotypical_reaching_movements_of_the_octopus_involve_both_bend_propagation_and_arm_elongation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100840933/Stereotypical_reaching_movements_of_the_octopus_involve_both_bend_propagation_and_arm_elongation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="22855812" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22855812/Exploration_and_Habituation_in_Intact_Free_Moving_Octopus_vulgaris">Exploration and Habituation in Intact Free Moving Octopus vulgaris</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34351133" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KubaMichael">Michael Kuba</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International journal of comparative psychology / ISCP; sponsored by the International Society for Comparative Psychology and the University of Calabria</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Despite the huge numbers of studies published on the learning of cephalopod moliusks, studies on non-associative learning are scarce. We tested non-associative learning (habiluation) and exploration in Octopus vulgaris in iwo different studies using a prey-shaped object (Study A) and inanimate ob-jects and food objects (Study B). Study A consisted of ihe repeated presentation of a prey-like stimu-lus, which 23 subjects could only explore visually. In study B. 14 octopuses were presented two Lego blocks (one black and white with a smooth surface, one a blue &quot;snowflake&quot; with a rough surface) and two food items, one preferred (clams) and one non-preferred (mussels) inside their home tanks. As hunger is a motivational factor for exploratory behavior, different levels of food satiation (feeding 2h or 24 h prior to experiments) were tested. Within trial habituation was clearly documented in both experiments. In study A across trials habitualion was found for all animals, whereas...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploration and Habituation in Intact Free Moving Octopus vulgaris","attachmentId":43397283,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22855812/Exploration_and_Habituation_in_Intact_Free_Moving_Octopus_vulgaris","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22855812/Exploration_and_Habituation_in_Intact_Free_Moving_Octopus_vulgaris"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="49841098" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49841098/Lateral_asymmetry_of_eye_use_in_Octopus_vulgaris">Lateral asymmetry of eye use in Octopus vulgaris</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5086600" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UlrikeGriebel">Ulrike Griebel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal behaviour, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lateral asymmetry of eye use in Octopus vulgaris","attachmentId":68050559,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49841098/Lateral_asymmetry_of_eye_use_in_Octopus_vulgaris","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49841098/Lateral_asymmetry_of_eye_use_in_Octopus_vulgaris"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43378362,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43378362,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_43378362" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Novel Object Recognition in Octopus maya","attachmentId":90964629,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86535043/Novel_Object_Recognition_in_Octopus_maya","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86535043/Novel_Object_Recognition_in_Octopus_maya"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container 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