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class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>A report on “Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc.” under the requirement of B.B.A program (Course Title: Management Information System), Department of Finance and Banking, University of Barisal || 2019<button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_less__BvWbY Description_hidden__a9QZJ" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read less"><span>Read less</span></button></p></div><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_more__ChrRK" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read more" data-cy="read-more-button"><span>Read more</span></button></div><div class="actions Actions_root__00yIC"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O 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Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_xsmall__vYp9p text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0">Downloaded 421 times</span></div></div><div class="MetadataToolbar_underline__QQn0C"></div></div></div><div class="player Player_root__L1AmF"><div id="new-player" class="vertical-player VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS" data-slideshow-id="166580981"><div><div id="slide1" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-0" alt="| P a g e 8/21/2019 Submitted by Group C Student Id: 18FIN021-18FIN029 Semester: 2nd year; 1st semester Session: 2018-19; (AS: 2017-18) Department of Finance and Banking University of Barishal University of Barishal Project Report On Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc. Submitted to Md. Saiful Islam Lecturer Department of Finance and Banking University if Barishal Course Code: F-203 Course Title: Management Information System Submission Date: " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="eager" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-1-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-1-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide2" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-1" alt="i | P a g e Group C Member List Serial Name Student ID 1 Jannat Jahan Mim 18FIN021 2 Maria Akter 18FIN022 3 Sadia Sultana 18FIN023 4 Tamanna 18FIN024 5 Mizanur Rahman 18FIN025 6 Mursheda Akter 18FIN026 7 Md. Al Mauz Alam 18FIN027 8 Sadia Sultana 18FIN028 9 Md. Abu Hanif 18FIN029 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-2-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-2-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide3" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-2" alt="ii | P a g e Letter of Transmittal 21 August 2019 To Md. Saiful Islam Lecturer Department of Finance and Banking, University of Barishal. Subject: Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc. Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit our report on “Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc.” under the requirement of B.B.A program (Course Title: Management Information System), Department of Finance and Banking, University of Barisal. It has been prepared in accordance to your guidance and with the information of reliable sources. We have tried to make the project paper precise. Our prime focus was to give a clear concept about Management Information System in Amazon Inc. However, we will be really happy to provide more information if needed. We have really enjoyed working on the report. We got to know many new information about the management system of an organization that will help us in future. We hope that our work would meet the level of your expectation and oblige us. Sincerely yours, On behalf of Group C Department of Finance and Banking University of Barishal. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-3-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-3-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide4" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-3" alt="iii | P a g e Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to thank the almighty Allah for helping us throughout the whole internship period by making us complete all the responsibilities properly and prepare a project report on it within the very short period. Then we want to express our great gratitude to our honorable course instructor to give us such a good topic for making a project paper. He gave us his helpful hand to do this project paper. His class lecture and advice helps us to prepare our paper very much which was very fruitful to us. So we are grateful to him. He was very generous and friendly towards us while conducting the course and was the person who has guided us throughout preparing the paper. His teaching method was really effective and interesting. We would like thank almighty for keeping everything on right track. Finally, we would like to thank our parents and friends, without whose support, it was impossible for us to complete the project. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-4-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-4-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide5" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-4" alt="iv | P a g e Bona fide Certificate This is to inform that the report on “Management Information System in Amazon Inc.” is a bona fide work of Group C, Student ID ranging from (18FIN021-18FIN029), who carried out the study under my supervision. Certified further that this project paper is not part of any other project report. They are permitted to submit the report. Md. Saiful Islam Lecturer Department of Finance and Banking University of Barishal " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-5-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-5-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide6" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-5" alt="v | P a g e Table of Contents Chapter Page Background…………….…………….……………….……….……………….……….………………………….………………..1 1 Introduction 1.01 Origin of the Study.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………….2 1.02 Objective.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………………………..3 1.03 Limitation.……………….……….……………….……….…………………………….…….….……….……………..4 1.04 Methodology.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………………….5 2 Information System 2.01 Information system and global business………….……….……………….……….………………………..4 2.02 Information system and Amazon Inc.……………………………………………………………………....4-5 3 Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy of Amazon 3.01 Features of Amazon.com………………………………………………………………………………………...6-7 3.02 The internet and Amazon.com………………………………………………………………………….………..8 3.03 Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage…………………….………8-11 3.04 Information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces…………………..…11-13 3.05 Amazon’s Activities…………………..……………………..……………………..……………………..…..13-15 3.06 Using System for Competitive Advantage: Management Issue……………………..…….15-16 3.07 Managing Strategic Transition…………………..……………………..……………………..………….16-17 4 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management 4.01 Business intelligence…………………………………………………………………………………………………17 4.02 Business intelligence trends………………………………………………………………………………………17 4.03 The problem of managing data resources in a traditional file environment………………17 4.04 Database services……………………………………………………………………………………………………..18 4.05 Amazon business Intelligence………………………………………………………………………………18-21 4.06 Business intelligence environment and performance management in Amazon………..22 5 Global E-business and collaboration impact, effect and situation of Amazon 5.01 The role of information systems function in Amazon of a business…………………..………22 5.02 The various levels of management in Amazon of a business………………………………..22-23 5.03 Collaboration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………23 5.04 Technology for collaboration and teamwork…………………………………………………………….23 5.05 Dominions of collaboration technologies in Amazon In ……………………………………………24 5.06 Information systems department……………………………………………………………………………..24 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-6-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-6-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide7" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-6" alt="vi | P a g e 5.07 Improve organizational performance in Amazon Inc. ……………………………………………….24 6 E-commerce: Digital markets & Digital Goods 6.01 E-commerce……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………25 6.02 Digital markets and digital goods in a global marketplace……………………………………27-28 6.03 6.03 Types of e-commerce…………………………………………………………………………………..28-29 7 Telecommunications, Internet and the wireless Technology in Amazon 7.01 Telecommunication Amazon web services……………………………………………………………….29 7.02 Digital Business Service for Telecom……………………………………………………………………29-30 7.03 Big Data and Analytics for telecommunication………………………………………………………….30 7.04 Head of Telecommunications Sales Strategy and Operations……………………………………31 7.05 Overview of Amazon Web Services…………………………………………………………………………..31 8 Ethical and Social issues of information system in Amazon 8.01 Key technology trends that raise ethical issues for the company………………………………32 8.02 Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA).………………………………………………………32-33 8.03 Ethical analysis…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………33 8.04 Candidate Ethical principles…………………………………………………………………………………33-34 8.05 Information Rights of the Amazon Company……………………………………………………….34-35 9 Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy of Amazon…………………………………………..35 10 Project Management in Amazon. Com 10.1 Operational Excellence of Amazon…………………………………………………………………..……36-37 10.2 Customer Intimacy of Amazon…………………………………………………………………………..….37-39 11 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-7-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-7-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide8" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-7" alt="vii | P a g e Executive Summary This is a project report based on our research of two week on Amazon Inc. The report critically evaluates the how service based organization -Amazon Inc. use Management information systems as a vibrant tool in attaining competitive advantage through efficient management and acquisition of information. The study involves assessment of the best MIS practices in place for Amazon throughout its value chain activities. Uniqueness of MIS is being highlighted in the report through assessment of technology, process and the systems that Amazon use right from the initiation of the end user with the website till the payment and delivery mode is being selected. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-8-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-8-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-8-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-8-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide9" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-8" alt="1 | P a g e Background: For the last two decade Amazon.com has been serving customer worldwide. Amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos back in 1995.The founders vision was to build a virtual shopping place for book lovers. Amazon.com brings the world largest book store to the door step of the people around the world. All people has to do is search and select the desired book. It took 30 day to deliver books to the customers of 50 states and 45 countries. Amazon.com was a huge success in nineties.Amazon.com became a platform for the retailer and individuals in 2000.Amazon.com offers their services towards four types of customers, consumers, sellers, enterprises and content creators. (Annual report 2013) Amazon serves customer through the popular web site www.amazon.com. Now a day customers can access through mobile technology.Amazon.com apps are also available for the customers. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-9-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-9-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-9-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-9-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide10" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-9" alt="2 | P a g e 1. Introduction: 1.01 Origin of the study An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products. The study of information system examines people, process and technology in an organizational context. In a corporate setting, the ultimate goal of the use of a management information system is to increase the value and profits of the business. Organizations under E commerce industry seek to attain core competence by creating and sustaining a unique process to collect personal information about customers and their purchasing trends. Management information systems aids organization and its system to integrate in an effective and efficient manner to bring out the synergy between the interactions of the people and information systems. MIS facilitates management decisions at the strategic and operational levels of an organization. Emerging as an American multinational E commerce co, Amazon has turned out to be leading online retailer co and offering cloud computing services. The case of Amazon reflects the successful alignment of information systems with the overall strategic goals of the organization. Amazon has been fine tuning its E strategy by means of keeping its website systems unique and separate from that of its order systems. MIS has played a crucial role in the development of the company on global context (Weber, 2010). Amazon has used MIS as a vibrant tool to streamlines its management activities and that at the same time has ensured that the customers are offered with diversified services through its MIS (Cao, 2011). " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-10-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-10-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-10-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-10-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide11" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-10" alt="3 | P a g e 1.2 Objective of the study  To study the Information System and global business;  To study the Information System and Amazon Inc.;  To study the Strategy of Amazon Inc.;  To study the foundation of Business Intelligence of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Global e-business and Collaboration effect, impact in Amazon Inc.;  To study the Digital Market and Digital Goods of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Telecommunication system of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Social and Ethical issue of Information System in Amazon Inc.;  To study the Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy situation of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Project Managing System of Amazon Inc. Limitation of the study  The study is limited because we didn’t get the raw information of the topic;  The study is limited because the disclosure policy of the certain company;  Expensive tool were needed to get the access of different web sites to collect data which was rarely available to us. 1.3 Methodology  Primary Data Collection As we have work on a multinational company, so we didn’t get enough chance to get raw data. Though we have tried to cover by virtual survey and experiment. And as there are a very few customer of the company prevailing in our country and society (family and friends), so we get a little data from this source. Consequently we had to work mainly on the basis of secondary data.  Secondary Data Collection  Book: We try to relate the topic of “Managing Digital Firm’’ with the actual certain company basis. The book is mentioned in the reference part.  Internet: Our main source was several web sites where the company itself and the other survey organizations disclose the ways of managing the certain company with the help of information system and we collect the data from there and make it useful after doing some research on it. The web addresses are mentioned in the reference part. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-11-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-11-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-11-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-11-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide12" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-11" alt="4 | P a g e 2 Information System 2.01 Information system and global business Management Information Systems (MIS) focus on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in managing organizations. In the 21st century almost all organizations use Information and Communication Technologies to efficiently control their operation, to help managers make better decision and achieve competitive advantage, and to facilitate seamless internal and external communication with their employees, customers, partners, and other stakeholders. Companies can use management information system to provide the product and the services of the highest quality at an affordable prices and top rated customer service and help companies to enter into a new markets through e-commerce. Globalization, collaboration, and integration have become the new drivers in this competitive arena. Nowadays, the main focus of the companies is to stay globally competitive by leveraging the capabilities of modern information and Communication technologies. Many businesses have begun to participate in the global market, as it presents a chance for greater revenuer and larger business prospects. 2.02 Information system and Amazon Inc. Amazon.com opened its virtual doors on the World Wide Web in July 1995. They seek to be Earth’s most customer-centric company. They are guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Amazon serve consumers through their retail websites and physical stores and focus on selection, price, and convenience. They design their websites to enable millions of unique products to be sold by them and by third parties across dozens of product categories. Customers access their offerings through their websites, mobile apps, Alexa, and physically visiting their stores. They also manufacture and sell electronic devices, develop and produce media content and provide easy-to- use functionality, fast and reliable fulfillment, and timely customer service. To complete these task there’s a great impact of management information system. As of export-x, amazon sold a total of 1938 million product and services around the world in 2015 which is increasing daily. So, managing this huge system of retailing, they need to differentiate the products and supplier, then take the orders of thousands of people in every single seconds via web 2.0 technology and finally reach the product to the certain customer, then the benefit recovers their buying and finally need to pay the employees and other stakeholders, is not an easy task. In this term Management Information Systems helps amazon to do these task properly in a time efficient manner. Basically Management Information Systems used for point-of-sale data collection, logistics, inventory control, internal communication and each of these item affect their retail operations. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-12-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-12-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-12-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-12-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide13" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-12" alt="5 | P a g e In 1995 Amazon used website system and order fulfillment system separately in order to improve security. By 1995 amazon has huge database running on Digital Alpha Servers. Amazon renovated the entire system in the year of 2000. Company spent $200 million on the new system. These systems include analysis software from “Epiphany”, logistics from “autistics” and new DBMS from oracle. (Gerald, 2012) For communication with supplies amazon seal deal with Exelon for business-to-business integration system. (Konicki, 2000). Amazon Web Service (AWS) and Simple Storage Service (SS) are the main system developed by amazon. Through this system amazon can maintain its vast number of products and millions of active customers. Amazon web service has become a global platform for individual to retailers to sell their products. Through reliable, Scalable, and robust web service amazon creates a global domination. The challenges of amazon.com web services are very prominent. The rapid development and dissemination of new information, as well as telecommunications technology today acquires the character of the global information revolution, which has a growing influence on politics, economics, management, finance, science, culture and other social spheres within national borders and in the world as a whole. One of the most important tasks of the present time is improving management processes, including the use of modern information technology. It is the key to performance of virtually all organizations. Effective management of the organization today is not possible without control of its information activities and the entire system of corporate information. Therefore, developed management information system is the key to success of an organization. Management information system of Amazon was an attempt to link directly the information system and its development with organizational goals using logical analysis. It regularly produces structured reports on various aspects for the Amazon. Its tasks are to assess the operations and create a report based on it (Laudon & Laudon, 2013). Management information system of the company is a set of interrelated machines organized in a hierarchical structure, covering all aspects of the company from top to bottom (Sousa & Oz, 2014). It forms the first, rarely the second level of information system and performs its normal function and transmits information machines of the second level (Sousa & Oz, 2014). At this level, the data is used for optimization calculations (Laudon & Laudon, 2013). Thus, the management information system consistently implements the principles of unity and organization of information through the use of technical means of collection, storage, processing and transmission of information in conjunction with the use of analytical methods of mathematical statistics and models of forecasting and analytical calculations. An important role in the successful sale rates of the Amazon was played by the proper marketing. Management information system has helped to build a sales system, in which ordinary people themselves started to promote products of Amazon. Any site owner can sell products of Amazon through their own resource, receiving a percentage of sales. Also, applications of information systems in the company can be seen in the infrastructure of cloud system. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-13-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-13-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-13-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-13-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide14" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-13" alt="6 | P a g e 3 Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy of Amazon 3.01 Features of Amazon.com The main feature that puts Amazon.com on another level is the multi-leveled e-commerce strategy it employs. Amazon.com lets almost anyone sell almost anything using its platform. You can find straight sales of merchandise sold directly by Amazon, like the books it sold back in the mid-'90s out of Jeff Bezos' garage -- only now they're shipped from a very big warehouse. Since 2000, you can also find goods listed by third-party sellers -- individuals, small companies and retailers like Target and Toys 'R Us. You can find used goods, refurbished goods and auctions. You could say that Amazon is simply the ultimate hub for selling merchandise on the Web, except that the company has recently added a more extroverted angle to its strategy.  Organizational Culture of Amazon.com Amazon.com considers itself a completely customer-centric company. In fact, it has described itself as "customer-obsessed." The company really believes that if it doesn't listen to customers, it will fail. Amazon has stated that it wants to take advantage of any opportunity that presents itself to the company during a time of unprecedented technological revolution. Amazon not only believes in putting customers first but also in ownership from its team. "Ownership matters when you're building a great company," the company has said. "Owners think long- term, plead passionately for their projects and ideas and are empowered to respectfully challenge decisions." Getting a job at Amazon may not be easy (especially since the company prides itself on its high hiring bar). When making a hiring member, management asks, "Will I admire this person? Will I learn from this person? Is this person a superstar?" While tech companies such as Google Inc. are " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-14-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-14-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-14-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-14-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide15" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-14" alt="7 | P a g e known for the perks it gives employees, Amazon operates differently. The company believes that frugality breeds resourcefulness and self-sufficiency.  Organizational Environment of Amazon.com The environment of amazon is a highly complex and is divided into three categories namely industrial, general and competitive. Technological and global factors are the two segments that rank highest for amazon in the general environment. Technological has driven the growth of amazon, which has allowed Amazon to provide its customers a wide variety of services and products at lower rates. Amazon has database containing 1.1 million books , in comparison to the largest superstore that has 1,75,000 books , Amazon also offers web hosting and fulfillment services to online and offline retailers using its Amazon Commerce Network. Currently, the Amazon retail websites have products ranging from toys, video games, MP3 downloads, electronics household goods and collectible items. The company has also created a worldwide network of customer service and fulfillment centers.  Organizational Structure of Amazon.com Amazon organizational structure can be classified as hierarchical. Senior management team include two CEOs, three Senior Vice Presidents and one Worldwide Controller, who are responsible for various vital aspects of the business reporting directly to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos. There are seven segments such as information technology, human resources and legal operations and heads of segments also report to Amazon CEO. Hierarchical structure at Amazon has developed due to the immense size of the business. The largest internet retailer in the world by revenue employs 560,000 people worldwide and it has more than 300 million customers globally. Amazon organizational structure integrates many small teams that deal with various aspects of the business. Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos is credited with the introduction of ‘two pizza rule”. According to this rule, meetings should be held in teams small enough that could be all fed with only two pizzas. It is important to note that despite its large size, unlike many other companies with hierarchical organizational structure, Amazon remains highly flexible to adapt to frequent changes in the external marketplace. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-15-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-15-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-15-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-15-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide16" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-15" alt="8 | P a g e 3.02 The internet and Amazon.com Amazon works by both internet and directly. They sell stuff directly from them and they allow other venders to sell through them. Start by doing a search for what you're looking for. After you do a search for the book you want to buy you'll see a link in the listing that show something like "71 used & new". If you click on that you'll see a listing of the books and the people who are trying to sell that book. Each seller has a rating. By this you can order which you want and by getting order Amazon send you by shipping system. Many items sold by Amazon.com have free shipping if the total order is over $25. That is not true for the other stores. 3.03 Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Amazon is a business that has gained competitive advantage through information systems. They build a strong relationship with their customer by keeping a record of past purchases and this allows them to recommend new products that the customer may be interested in. Porter’s competitive forces model Amazon must address the major forces of competition, consumers and substitutes, based on the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the business. It is recommended that the company must address the strong force of competitive rivalry by emphasizing competitive advantage and strengths of the e-commerce organization.  Traditional competitors: Amazon competes against strong competitors. This aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model tackles the effects of firms on each other. In the case of Amazon.com Inc., the following external factors are responsible for the strong intensity of competition or competitive rivalry in the online retail industry environment: i. High aggressiveness of firms (strong force); ii. High availability of substitutes (strong force); iii. Low switching costs (strong force). Retail firms are generally aggressive, and they exert a strong competitive force against each other. For example, Amazon.com Inc. directly competes against giants like Walmart, which has a significant and expanding e-commerce website. Amazon also experiences the strong force of substitutes because of their high availability. For instance, Walmart’s physical or brick-and-mortar stores are substitutes to Amazon’s online retail service. Other brick-and-mortar bookstores and smaller retailers also compete against Amazon. Furthermore, low switching costs impose a strong force on the company. Low switching costs correspond to low barriers for consumers to transfer from one retailer to another, or from one company to a substitute provider. Based on the external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon, competition must be a strategic priority to ensure the company’s long-term competence. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-16-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-16-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-16-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-16-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide17" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-16" alt="9 | P a g e  New Market Entrants: New firms potentially reduce Amazon’s market share in online retail. The effects of new entrants are considered in this aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model. Amazon.com Inc. experiences the weak intensity of the threat of new entry based on the following external factors: i. Low switching cost (strong force); ii. High cost of brand development (weak force); iii. High economics of scale (weak force). Amazon’s consumers can easily transfer to new firms, thereby empowering new firms to impose a strong force against the company. This condition is due to low switching costs, or the low negative effects of transferring from one provider to another. However, the high cost of brand development in online retail weakens the influence of new entrants on the performance of Amazon. For example, it would take years and billions of dollars to create a strong brand that directly competes with the Amazon brand. In addition, the company benefits from high economies of scale that make its e-commerce business strong. As such, new entrants need to achieve similarly high economies of scale to compete against the company. Based on the external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis, new entrants are a minor strategic issue in Amazon’s performance in the online retail industry environment.  Substitute Product and Service: Amazon.com Inc. competes with substitutes in the online retail market. This aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model identifies how substitutes affect the industry environment. In the case of Amazon, the following external factors support the strong intensity of the threat of substitution: i. Low switching cost(strong force); ii. High availability of substitutes (strong force) iii. Low cost of substitutes (strong force) Amazon continually addresses the strong force of substitutes, which threaten the e-commerce company’s performance. The low switching costs show that customers can easily transfer from the company to other retailers. For example, consumers can easily decide to buy from Walmart stores or other retail establishments instead of buying from Amazon.com Inc. The high availability of substitutes and the low costs of their product offerings further increase the influence of substitutes against the company. Thus, the external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon.com Inc. show that substitution is among the priorities in the company’s strategies for long-term success in the online retail industry environment. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-17-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-17-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-17-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-17-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide18" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-17" alt="10 | P a g e  Customers: Amazon.com Inc.’s vision statement and mission statement highlight the company’s customer-centric approach to e-commerce business. This aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model determines the influence of consumers on firms and the industry environment. The following external factors support the strong intensity of the bargaining power of customers in affecting Amazon: i. High quality of information (strong forces); ii. Low switching cost (strong forces); iii. High availability of substitutes (strong forces). Consumers have access to high quality information regarding the services of online retailers and the products they sell. This external factor affects Amazon.com Inc. in terms of the ability of customers to find alternatives to the company’s online retail service. In relation, the low switching costs make it easy for consumers to transfer from Amazon to other firms, such as Walmart. Also, the high availability of substitutes further empowers consumers to shift from one retailer to another. For example, instead of purchasing on Amazon’s e-commerce website, a customer can easily go to one of Walmart’s stores, which are strategically located throughout the United States. The external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis show that Amazon must consider the strong bargaining power of buyers as a major factor in addressing business challenges in the online retail industry environment.  Suppliers: Suppliers control the availability of supplies or materials Amazon.com Inc. needs for its e-commerce operations, such as hardware components for information systems. The influence of suppliers on the online retail industry environment is outlined in this aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model. Amazon experiences the moderate intensity of the bargaining power of suppliers based on the following external factors: i. Small population of suppliers (strong force) ii. Moderate forward integration (moderate force) iii. Moderate size of suppliers (moderate force) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-18-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-18-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-18-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-18-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide19" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-18" alt="11 | P a g e The small population empowers suppliers to impose a strong force on Amazon.com Inc.’s e- commerce business. For example, changes in prices of equipment from a small number of large suppliers could directly impact the company’s online retail operational costs. However, the moderate forward integration limits suppliers’ actual effect on Amazon. Moderate forward integration equates to a moderate degree of control that suppliers have in the sale of their products to firms like Amazon. Moreover, the moderate size of most equipment manufacturers limits their influence on the company. Based on this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon, the external factors emphasize the moderate significance of suppliers as a strategic determinant in the online retail industry environment. 3.04 Information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces  Low Cost Leadership: Amazon uses low cost leadership as its generic strategy for competitive advantage. Minimization of operational costs is the objective in this generic competitive strategy. For example, Amazon.com uses advanced computing and networking technologies for maximum operational efficiency, which translates to minimized costs. Considering the nature of e-commerce, the company benefits from process automation, which is generally used in purchase processing, scheduling, and other operational processes. These benefits enable Amazon.com Inc. to minimize the cost of its online retail and other services.  Product Differentiation: Differentiation is the process of adding meaningful and valued differences to distinguish the product from the competition. Amazon successfully provide a differentiated service to consumers. Within Amazon.com’s core website, the company now offers over 593,000 items within the grocery section. While this is a vast selection, where Amazon.com differentiates itself is that 74,000 of these items are eligible for free shipping either through Amazon Prime or super saver shipping with a $25 purchase.  Focus on Market Niche: In 1994, Jeff Bezos after being jolted by Internet’s 2300 percent annual growth rate, began to think about building a true ‘everything store’ online. But he knew that building such a store is impractical at least in the beginning. So, to position his service in people’s mind, he had to focus on a niche. How to choose a niche? He made a list of twenty possible categories — Computer software, office supplies, apparel, music, etc… One interesting option popped out — The Books. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-19-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-19-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-19-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-19-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide20" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-19" alt="12 | P a g e Why Books? — Bezos chose the ‘Books’ category for the following reasons  Books was a $10 billion industry in the united states in the year 1994. A considerable percentage of people had already been buying books through mail order or through postal services — A potential customer base with a need for convenience.  Generally, most of us would have a “Fear of Failure” while trying out any new things. Consumers at that time had little exposure to online buying. They had this fear of buying goods of unknown quality. But books were pure commodities. A copy of a book in one store was identical to the same book in any other store. So, the customers had no “Fear of Unknown”. They knew what they would be getting.  That time, books were primarily supplied by two major distributors and this would help Bezos not to waste time in approaching individual publishers.  Strengthen Customer and Supplier Intimacy: On the customer side, Amazon.com keeps track of user preferences for book and CD purchases, and can recommend titles purchased by others to its customers. Despite Amazon’s arrival on the scene, existing suppliers have an opportunity to stand out by becoming more personal with the B2B customer. Suppliers that are able to provide contractual arrangements, service agreements, better insights into demand patterns, and also unique offerings based on past purchases and installations are able to provide more than Amazon can. This type of personalization needs to go beyond just the sale of the individual item and smaller traditional suppliers are in the perfect position to do so. The Business Value Chain Model Value chain analysis is an analytical framework that assists in identifying business activities that can create value and competitive advantage to the business. The figure below illustrates the essence of Amazon value chain analysis. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-20-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-20-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-20-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-20-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide21" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-20" alt="13 | P a g e . Amazon Value Chain Analysis 3.05 Amazon’s Activities I. Primary Activities  Amazon Inbound logistics: Generally, Amazon does not have long-term contracts or arrangements with its vendors to guarantee the availability of merchandise, particular payment terms, or the extension of credit limits. Fulfilment by Amazon (FBA) is the cornerstone of Amazon inbound logistics for company-owned retail business. Sellers can also use FBA by stowing their inventory in Amazon fulfilment centers. In this case, Amazon assumes full responsibility for logistics, customer service, and product returns. If a customer orders an FBA item and an Amazon owned-inventory item, the company ships both items to the customer in one box, as a significant gain of efficiency. The use of FBA is an optional choice for sellers and this choice makes the products of third-party seller’s eligible for Amazon Prime free two-day shipping, free shipping and other benefits.  Amazon Operations: Amazon operations are organized into three segments: i. North America. This segment operates North America-focused websites such as www.amazon.com, www.amazon.ca, and www.amazon.com.mx. Sales in this segment increased by 25% and 33% in 2016 and 2017, compared to the comparable prior year periods. ii. International. This segment operates internationally-focused websites such as www.amazon.com.au, www.amazon.com.br, www.amazon.cn and others. International sales increased by 24% and 23% in 2016, and 2017, compared to the comparable prior year periods. Loss in this segment was caused by increased levels of " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-21-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-21-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-21-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-21-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide22" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-21" alt="14 | P a g e operating expenses to expand Amazon’s fulfilment network and spending on technology and content and marketing efforts. Increase in operating loss in international segment was also partially caused by changes in currency exchange rates. iii. Amazon Web Services (AWS). This segment deals with global sales of computing, storage, database, and other service offerings for start-ups, enterprises, government agencies, and academic institutions. AWS sales increased 55% and 43% in 2016 and 2017, compared to the comparable prior year periods AWS offers pay-as-you-go cloud storage, compute resources, networking and computing services and its major customers include Pinterest, Dropbox, and Airbnb.  Amazon Outbound logistics: Generally, Amazon outbound logistics integrates the following: i. Fulfilment centers. The e-commerce giant operates 109 fulfilment centers around the globe and the company uses robotic technology in an extensive manner to manage receipt, stowing, picking, and shipment of products. ii. Co-sourced and outsourced arrangements iii. Digital delivery. These relate to products and services that can be downloaded from Amazon website. iv. Physical stores. The e-commerce giant acquired Whole Foods chain in 2017. The company has generated USD 4.3 billion revenues in Q2, 2018 from physical stores sales alone.  Amazon Marketing and Sales: Amazon marketing message conveys the promises of the largest selection of products and services, attractive prices, fast delivery of products and overall superior customer services. Several components of the marketing communication mix such as print and media advertising, sales promotion, events and experiences, public relations and direct marketing are used in an integrated way in order to communicate the marketing message to the target customer segment.  Amazon Service: Exceptional customer service is a major source of value creation for the e-commerce and cloud computing company. Amazon annual report says “we seek to be Earth’s most customer-centric company” and accordingly, the company offers exceptional customer services. Amazon Marketplace and Prime has two types of customers – sellers on and buyers from Amazon platform. For sellers in particular, Amazon offers Selling Coach program “alerting sellers about opportunities to avoid going out-of-stock, add selection that’s selling, and sharpen their prices to be more competitive”. II. Amazon Support activities  Firm’s Infrastructure: Amazon has a huge fraction of the effort into building the infrastructure that lets a Web-scale business run. Amazon has all the scar tissue to show people they know how to do it. Amazon think it’s also going to be a very meaningful " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-22-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-22-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-22-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-22-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide23" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-22" alt="15 | P a g e business for them one day. So Amazon’s motives for doing it are very straightforward: Amazon think its good business.” Amazon has already won many converts among its new customer base, effectively remaking the economics of instantly scalable infrastructure. Losable Wang provides a compelling example of how Amazon’s services can cut costs, citing the virtual world Second Life and its use of S3 to manage downloads of new software.  Human Resources: Amazon.com has a great training for its employees. According to the annual report of amazon.com 2010, the past year’s success is the product of a talented, smart, hard-working group, and Amazon take great pride in setting up of this team. Setting the bar high in Amazon approach to hiring has been, and will continue to be, the single most important element of Amazon.com’s success. However, employment levels fluctuate due to seasonal factors affecting Amazon’s business. Additionally, Amazon utilizes independent contractors and temporary personnel to supplement their workforce, particularly on a seasonal basis. Although Amazon has works councils and statutory employee representation obligations in certain countries, Amazon’s employees are not represented by a labor union and Amazon consider their employee relations to be good. Competition for qualified personnel in Amazon’s industry has historically been intense, particularly for software engineers, computer scientists, and other technical staff.  Technology Development: Amazon.com utilizes technology innovation to differentiate itself on online customer experience. Innovations such as personalized recommendations, one-click ordering, and search inside the book are all Amazon.com innovations. These innovations comprise the virtual store experience for the Amazon.com customer. Amazon.com has highly customized software applications that support their supply chain business model. In addition to using technology to support supplier collaboration and order sourcing, Amazon.com utilizes its core technology expertise to improve supply chain execution. Execution involves the internal distribution center processes that have been highlighted in this paper as well as the transportation initiatives. Amazon.com drives competitive advantage by utilizing proprietary information technology specifically designed to support their business model. An indication of Amazon.com's confidence in its technology is the bundling of its e-commerce front-end and back-end to develop the Merchant.com model. Additionally, Amazon.com evaluates technology to drive business value.  Procurement: Amazon.com utilizes a Sales and Operations (S&OP) planning process to determine forecasts for each product that it stores in its distribution center inventory. Amazon.com keeps track of its inventory position in real-time based on warehouse receipts and shipments. Purchase orders are placed to suppliers based on the forecasted amount needed minus the current inventory on hand in the warehouse. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-23-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-23-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-23-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-23-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide24" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-23" alt="16 | P a g e 3.06 Using System for Competitive Advantage: Management Issue  Sustaining Competitive Advantage: The first and foremost factor for sustainable competitive advantage is to position your brand inside a consumer’s mind. As Amazon began to sell books online, it was beginning to find ways to establish and preserve the difference in a consumer’s mind as it was the next foundational step in building a sustainable competitive advantage. Amazon has been performing hundreds of activities to provide the chosen value propositions to customers. Amazon customized some activities such as: easy to return, users review, trust is earned to meet Amazon’s low price and a greater value of convenience for the customers. Over a period of time, those activities became unique to Amazon and became a stepping stone for sustainable competitive advantage.  Aligning with Business Objectives: It's important to realize that first and foremost Amazon.com is a technology company. Over the past years, Amazon.com grew from an online retailer into a platform on which more than 1 million active retail partners worldwide do business. Behind Amazon.com's successful evolution from retailer to technology platform is its SOA (service-oriented architecture), which broke new technological ground and proved that SOAs can deliver on their promises. Growth is core to Amazon.com's business strategy, and that has had a significant impact on the way they use technology: growth through more categories, a larger selection, more services, more buying customers, more sellers, more merchants, and more developers, increasing the different access methods, and expanding delivery mechanisms. The impact has been on many areas: larger data sets, faster update rates, more requests, more services, more developers, more documentation, more programs, more servers, more networks, more data centers. A large part of Amazon.com's technology evolution has been driven to enable this continuing growth, to be ultra-scalable while maintaining availability and performance. The biggest success has been that Amazon.com has become a platform that other businesses can benefit from. Making Amazon.com a general platform for e-commerce operation has been made possible through their advanced technology investments and it has been success. 3.07 Managing Strategic Transition Strategic transitions is a movement between levels of sociotechnical systems. Suppliers and customers must become intimately linked and may share each other’s responsibilities. Security and Compliance is a shared responsibility between Amazon and the customer. This shared model can help relieve the customer’s operational burden as Amazon operates, manages and controls the components from the host operating system and virtualization layer down to the physical security of the facilities in which the service operates. The customer assumes responsibility and management of the guest operating system (including updates and security patches), other " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-24-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-24-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-24-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-24-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide25" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-24" alt="17 | P a g e associated application software as well as the configuration of the Amazon provided security group firewall. Amazon is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the Amazon Cloud. Customer responsibility will be determined by the AWS Cloud services that a customer selects. This determines the amount of configuration work the customer must perform as part of their security responsibilities. This customer/Amazon shared responsibility model also extends to IT controls. Just as the responsibility to operate the IT environment is shared between Amazon and its customers, so is the management, operation and verification of IT controls shared. Amazon can help relieve customer burden of operating controls by managing those controls associated with the physical infrastructure deployed in the Amazon environment that may previously have been managed by the customer. 4 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management 4.01Business intelligence: The term Business Intelligence (BI) refers to technologies, applications and practices for the collection, integration, analysis, and presentation of business information. The purpose of Business Intelligence is to support better business decision making. Essentially, Business Intelligence systems are data-driven Decision Support Systems (DSS). Business Intelligence is sometimes used interchangeably with briefing books, report and query tools and executive information systems. 4.02 Business intelligence trends: Currently organizations are starting to see that data and content should not be considered separate aspects of information management, but instead should be managed in an integrated enterprise approach. Enterprise information management brings Business Intelligence and Enterprise Content Management together. Currently organizations are moving towards Operational Business Intelligence which is currently under served and uncontested by vendors. Traditionally, Business Intelligence vendors are targeting only top the pyramid but now there is a paradigm shift moving toward taking Business Intelligence to the bottom of the pyramid with a focus of self-service business intelligence. 4.03 The problem of managing data resources in a traditional file environment: Traditional file management techniques make it difficult for organizations to keep track of all of the pieces of data they use in a systematic way and to organize these data so that they can be easily accessed. Different functional areas and groups were allowed to develop their own files independently. Over time, this traditional file management environment creates problems such as data redundancy and inconsistency, program-data dependence, inflexibility, poor security, and lack of data sharing " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-25-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-25-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-25-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-25-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide26" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-25" alt="18 | P a g e and availability. A database management system (DBMS) solves these problems with software that permits centralization of data and data management so that businesses have a single consistent source for all their data needs. Using a DBMS minimizes redundant and inconsistent files. 4.04 Database services Amazon RDS: Makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud .RDS leverages SNS to broadcast notifications when RDS events occur. As usual, these notifications can be delivered via any protocol supported by SNS, including SQS queues, Lambda functions, and HTTP endpoints. As an example, imagine that you own a social network website that has experienced organic growth, and needs to scale its compute and database resources on demand. In this case, you could provide an SNS topic to listen to RDS DB instance events. When the “Low Storage” event is published to the topic, SNS pushes this event to a subscribing Lambda function, which in turn leverages the RDS API to increase the storage capacity allocated to your DB instance. The provisioning itself takes place within the specified DB maintenance window.  Using Amazon RDS Event Notifications via Amazon SNS  Viewing Amazon RDS Events 4.05 Amazon business Intelligence Amazon is a fast, cloud-powered business intelligence service that makes it easy to deliver insights to everyone in your organization. As a fully managed service, Quick Sight lets you easily create and publish interactive dashboards that include ML Insights. Dashboards can then be accessed from any device, and embedded into your applications, portals, and websites. With our Pay-per-Session pricing, Quick Sight allows you to give everyone access to the data they need, while only paying for what you use. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-26-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-26-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-26-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-26-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide27" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-26" alt="19 | P a g e  Discover hidden insights ML Insights leverages AWS’s proven machine learning (ML) and natural language capabilities to help you gain deeper insights from your data. These powerful, out-of-the-box features make it easy for anyone to discover hidden trends and outliers, identify key business drivers, and perform powerful what-if analysis and forecasting with no technical expertise or ML experience needed.  Pay only for what you use QuickSight offers a unique, industry first pay-per-session model for dashboard readers, users who consume dashboards others have created. Instead of paying a fixed license cost per month, readers are billed $0.30 for a 30-minute session up to a maximum charge of $5/reader/month for unlimited use. This pricing model allows all of your users to access secure, interactive dashboards and email reports on a pay-per-session basis with no upfront costs or complex capacity planning. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-27-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-27-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-27-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-27-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide28" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-27" alt="20 | P a g e  Scale to tens of thousands of users Deliver rich, interactive dashboards for your readers Quick Sight makes it easy and fast to create interactive dashboards and reports for your users. You can securely share those dashboards with anyone in your organization via browsers or mobile devices. With Quick Sight, you choose from a wide library of visualizations, charts, and tables, add interactive features like drill-downs and filters, and perform automatic data refreshes to build interactive dashboards. Quick sight also allows you to schedule automatic email-based reports, so you can get key insights delivered to your inbox. Explore, analyze, and collaborate Quick Sight gives users and analysts self-service business intelligence (BI), so they can answer their own questions, collaborate, and share insights. With Quick Sight, your users can connect to data sources, create/edit datasets, create visual analyses, invite co-workers to collaborate on analyses, and publish dashboards and reports.  Embedded analytics Quick Sight embedding makes it easy to integrate a modern analytics experience into your apps, portals, and websites. As a fully managed platform, Quick Sight is designed and priced to grow with you, offering an architecture that scales to millions of customers while only paying for what you use. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-28-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-28-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-28-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-28-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide29" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-28" alt="21 | P a g e  Build end-to-end BI solutions Connect to your data, wherever it is Quick Sight allows you to directly connect to and import data from a wide variety of cloud and on-premises data sources. These include SaaS applications such as Salesforce, Square, ServiceNow, Twitter, GitHub, and JIRA; 3rd party databases such as Teradata, MySQL, Postgres, and SQL Server; native AWS services such as Redshift, Athena, S3, RDS, and Aurora; and private VPC subnets. You can also upload a variety of file types including Excel, CSV, JSON, and Presto.  A Global Solution As a native AWS service with customers all over the world, Quick Sight has been designed and built as a global product from the beginning. The Quick Sight application is localized in 10 major languages including: English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese. Quick Sight is also available across multiple AWS regions including: N. Virginia, Oregon, Ohio, Dublin, Japan, Singapore, and Sydney.  Achieve security and compliance Quick sight provides a secure platform allowing you to distribute dashboards and insights securely to tens of thousands of users. In addition to the multi-region availability and built- in redundancy, Quick Sight allows you to securely manage your users and content via a comprehensive set of security features including role-based access control, active directory integration, CloudTrail auditing, single sign-on (IAM, 3rd party), private VPC subnets, and data backup. QuickSight is also Fed Ramp, HIPAA, PCI PSS, ISO, and SOC compliant to help you meet any industry-specific or regulatory requirements. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-29-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-29-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-29-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-29-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide30" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-29" alt="22 | P a g e 4.06 Business intelligence environment and performance management in Amazon: During the 21st century business environments have become more complex and dynamic than ever before. Companies operate in a world of change influenced by globalization, volatile markets, legal changes and technical progress. As a result, they have to handle growing volumes of data and therefore require fast storage, reliable data access, intelligent retrieval of information and automated decision-making mechanisms, all provided at the highest level of service quality. Successful enterprises are aware of these challenges and efficiently respond to the dynamic environment in which their business operates. Business Intelligence (BI) and Performance Management (PM) offer solutions to these challenges and provide techniques to enable effective business change. The important aspects of both topics are discussed within this state-of-the-art volume. It covers the strategic support, business applications, methodologies and technologies from the field, and explores the benefits, issues and challenges of each. Issues are analyzed from many different perspectives, ranging from strategic management to data technologies, and the different subjects are complimented and illustrated by numerous examples of industrial applications. Contributions are authored by leading academics and practitioners representing various universities, research centers and companies worldwide. Their experience covers multiple disciplines and industries, including finance, construction, logistics, and public services, amongst others. 5 Global E-business and collaboration impact, effect and situation of Amazon 5.01 The role of information systems function in Amazon of a business: The information systems department is the formal organizational unit responsible for information technology services.It is responsible for maintaining the hardware, software, data storage and networks that comprise the firm' s IT infrastructure. The department consists of specialist, such as programmers, systems analysis, project leaders and information system managers, and is often headed by a CIO. 5.02 The various levels of management in Amazon of a business: i. Transaction Processing System ii. Management Information System iii. Decision Support System iv. Executive Support System " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-30-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-30-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-30-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-30-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide31" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-30" alt="23 | P a g e Systems serving operational management are transaction processing systems, such as payroll or order processing, that track the flow of the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business. Management information systems and decision - support systems support middle management. Most MIS reports condense information from TPS and are not highly analytical models and data analysis capabilities. Executive support systems support senior management by providing data that are often in the form of graphs and charts delivered via portals using many source of internal and external information. 5.3 Collaboration Collaboration is working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals. Collaboration can be one- to-one and many- to- many. Collaboration can be short-lived, lasting a few minutes or long term, depending on the nature of the task and the relationship among participation. Growing important of collaboration: i. Changing nature of work i. Growth of professional work - "interaction jobs" ii. Changing organization of the firm iii. Changing scope of the firm iv. Emphasis on innovation v. Changing cultural of work 5.4 Technology for collaboration and teamwork " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-31-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-31-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-31-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-31-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide32" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-31" alt="24 | P a g e 5.5 Dominions of collaboration technologies in Amazon Inc. : 5.06 Information systems department: Information systems department is the formal organizational unit responsible for information technology services. It's include often headed by  Chief information officer (CIO),  Chief security officer (CSO),  Chief knowledge officer (CKO),  Chief Privacy Officer (CPO),  System Analyst,  Information System Manager. 5.07 Improve organizational performance in Amazon Inc: Enterprise applications (enterprise systems, supply Chain management systems, customer relationship management systems, and knowledge management systems) are designed to coordinate multiple functions and business processes. Enterprise systems integrate the key internal business processes of Amazon into a single software system to improve coordination, efficiency, and decision making. Supply chain management systems help the firm manage its relationship with suppliers to optimize the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of products and services. Customer relationship management use information systems to coordinate all of the business processes surrounding the firm’s interaction with its customers to optimize firm revenue and customer satisfaction. Knowledge management systems enable firms to optimize the creation, sharing, and distribution of knowledge. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-32-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-32-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-32-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-32-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide33" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-32" alt="25 | P a g e 6. E-commerce: Digital markets & Digital Goods 6.01 E-commerce Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions. Ecommerce is often used to refer to the sale of physical products online, but it can also describe any kind of commercial transaction that is facilitated through the internet. In ‘amazon.com’ all of the buying and selling activities are done by the internet. When we purchased of goods from amazon we have to use the e- commerce process. 8 Unique feature of E commerce E-commerce has grown so rapidly because of the unique nature of the Internet and the Web. The Internet and e-commerce technologies are much more rich and powerful than previous technology revolutions like radio, television, and the telephone. a. Ubiquity In traditional commerce, a marketplace is a physical place, such as a retail store, that you visit to transact business. E-commerce is ubiquitous that means it is available just about everywhere, at all times. Like amazon.com makes it possible to shop from your desktop, at home, at work, or even from your car, using mobile commerce. We can buy goods anytime and anywhere. The result isb called a marketspace - a marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed from a temporal and geographic location. From a consumer point of view, ubiquity reduces transaction costs—the costs of participating in a market. To transact business, it is no longer necessary that you spend time or money traveling to a market, and much less mental effort is required to make a purchase. b. Global Reach E-commerce technology permits commercial transactions to cross cultural and national boundaries far more conveniently and cost effectively than is true in traditional commerce. As a result, the potential market size for e-commerce merchants is roughly equal to the size of the world’s online population. In amazon.com we can purchase or sale goods any national boundaries or any culture. We can use amazon.com from any location of this world. It is available anywhere over the online or internet. c. Universal Standards One strikingly unusual feature of e-commerce technologies is that the technical standards of the Internet and, therefore, the technical standards for conducting e-commerce are universal standards. Amazon.com is shared by all nations around the world and enable any computer to link with any " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-33-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-33-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-33-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-33-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide34" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-33" alt="26 | P a g e other computer regardless of the technology platform each is using. In contrast, most traditional commerce technologies differ from one nation to the next. For instance, television and radio standards differ around the world, as doe’s cell telephone technology. The universal technical standards of the Internet and e-commerce greatly lower market entry costs—the cost merchants must pay simply to bring their goods to market. At the same time, for consumers, universal standards reduce search costs—the effort required to find suitable products. d. Richness Information richness refers to the complexity and content of a message. Traditional markets, national sales forces, and small retail stores have great richness: They are able to provide personal, face-to-face service using aural and visual cues when making a sale. The richness of traditional markets makes them powerful selling or commercial environments. Prior to the development of the Web, there was a trade-off between richness and reach: The larger the audience reached, the less rich the message. The Web, amazon.com, makes it possible to deliver rich messages with text, audio, and video simultaneously to large numbers of people. We can send a message with text, audio, video about goods to purchase. e. Interactivity Unlike any of the commercial technologies of the twentieth century, with the possible exception of the telephone, e-commerce technologies are interactive, meaning they allow for two-way communication between merchant and consumer. Television, for instance, cannot ask viewers any questions or enter into conversations with them, and it cannot request that customer information be entered into a form. In contrast, all of these activities are possible on an e-commerce Web site. Interactivity allows an online merchant to engage a consumer in ways similar to a face-to-face experience but on a massive, global scale. We can also see that in amazon.com, where are available interactivity. We can learn about our goods by two way communication. f. Information Density The Internet and the Web vastly increase information density—the total amount and quality of information available to all market participants, consumers, and merchants alike. E-commerce technologies reduce information collection, storage, processing, and communication costs while greatly increasing the currency, accuracy, and timeliness of information. For example amazon.com reduce their cost for the information density. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-34-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-34-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-34-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-34-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide35" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-34" alt="27 | P a g e g. Personalization/Customization E-commerce technologies permit personalization: Merchants can target their marketing messages to specific individuals by adjusting the message to a person’s name, interests, and past purchases. The technology also permits customization—changing the delivered product or service based on a user’s preferences or prior behavior. Given the interactive nature of e-commerce technology, much information about the consumer can be gathered in the marketplace at the moment of purchase. With the increase in information density, a great deal of information about the consumer’s past purchases and behavior can be stored and used by online merchants. For example. When we purchase some goods, the amazon collect our name, interest, and they store information which kinds of product we like most. h. Social Technology In contrast to previous technologies, the Internet and e-commerce technologies have evolved to be much more social by allowing users to create and share with their personal friends (and a larger worldwide community) content in the form of text, videos, music, or photos. Using these forms of communication, users are able to create new social networks and strengthen existing ones. All previous mass media in modern history, including the printing press, use a broadcast model (one to-many) where content is created in a central location by experts (professional writers, editors, directors, and producers) and audiences are concentrated in huge numbers to consume a standardized product. The new Internet and e-commerce empower users to create and distribute content on a large scale, and permit users to program their own content consumption. The Internet provides a unique many-to-many model of mass communications. 6.02 Key concepts in e-commerce: digital markets and digital goods in a global marketplace  Digital Market The Internet has created a digital marketplace where millions of people all over the world are able to exchange massive amounts of information directly, instantly, and for free. As a result, the Internet has changed the way companies conduct business and increased their global reach. The Internet reduces information asymmetry. An information asymmetry exists when one party in a transaction has more information that is important for the transaction than the other party. Digital markets are very flexible and efficient because they operate with reduced search and transaction costs, lower menu costs (merchants’ costs of changing prices), greater price discrimination, and the ability to change prices dynamically based on market conditions Digital Markets also enable price discrimination, Dynamic pricing and disintermediation. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-35-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-35-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-35-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-35-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide36" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-35" alt="28 | P a g e  Digital Goods The Internet digital marketplace has greatly expanded sales of digital goods. Digital goods are goods that can be delivered over a digital network. Music tracks, video, Hollywood movies, software, newspapers, magazines, and books can all be expressed, stored, delivered, and sold as purely digital products. Currently, most of these products are sold as physical goods, for example, CDs, DVDs, newspapers, and hard-copy books. For example. Amazon buy and sales all kinds of digital goods like, cell phone, laptop, and all kind of digital goods. 6.03 Types of e-commerce The three major electronic commerce categories are business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce, and consumer-to consumer (C2C) e-commerce. Business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce involves retailing products and services to individual shoppers. amazon.com, which sells books, software, and music to individual consumers, is an example of B2C e-commerce. Business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce involves sales of goods and services among businesses. Amazon.com Web site for buying and selling of digital goods is an example of B2B e-commerce. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) electronic commerce involves consumers selling directly to consumers. For example, amazon.com enables people to sell their goods to other consumers by auctioning their merchandise off to the highest bidder, or for a fixed price.  Ecommerce revenue model A firm’s revenue model describes how the firm will earn revenue, generate profits, and produce a superior return on investment. Amazon.com earn money with six revenue models: advertising, sales, subscription, free/freemium, transaction fee, and affiliate.  Advertising Revenue Model In the advertising revenue model, a Web site generates revenue by attracting a large audience of visitors who can then be exposed to advertisements. The advertising model is the most widely used revenue model in e-commerce,  Sales Revenue Model In the sales revenue model, companies derive revenue by selling goods, information, or services to customers. Companies such as Amazon (which sells books, music, and other products), all have sales revenue models. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-36-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-36-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-36-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-36-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide37" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-36" alt="29 | P a g e  Subscription Revenue Model In the subscription revenue model, a Web site offering content or services charges a subscription fee for access to some or all of its offerings on an ongoing basis. Content providers often use this revenue model.  Free/Freemium Revenue Model In the free/freemium revenue model, firms offer basic services or content for free, while charging a premium for advanced or special features. For example, Google offers free applications, but charges for premium services.  Transaction Fee Revenue Model In the transaction fee revenue model, a company receives a fee for enabling or executing a transaction. For example, eBay provides an online auction marketplace and receives a small transaction fee from a seller if the seller is successful in selling an item.  Affiliate Revenue Model In the affiliate revenue model, Web sites (called “affiliate Web sites”) send visitors to other Web sites in return for a referral fee or percentage of the revenue from any resulting sales. For example, My Points makes money by connecting companies to potential customers by offering special deals to its members. 7 Telecommunications, Internet and the wireless Technology in Amazon 7.01 Telecommunication Amazon web services: Enable agility, accelerate innovation, and bolster your competitive advantages by building a scalable communications infrastructure on AWS. Unlock the ability to pursue new, easily scaled revenue growth opportunities such as software based network functions, lot and expanded connectivity offerings, analytics and managed B2B services all while enjoying increased efficiency in your core connectivity workloads. Plus, by adopting AWS robust cloud based technology in your current solutions, you join a diverse and global ecosystem of patterns and gain the opportunity to rapidly develop, deploy and distribute new product offerings that meaningfully enhance both new and existing customer's experience. Benefits:  Globalize your offerings and extend your reach;  Accelerate innovation increase agility;  Drive efficiency with real time insight;  Pay for what you use;  Explore use cases big data and analytics digital business service. 7.02 Digital Business Service for Telecom: Share your expertise, expand your reach and enjoy benefits of scale by providing digital business services like streaming media, customer portals and loT platforms on AWS. Take advantage of " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-37-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-37-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-37-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-37-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide38" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-37" alt="30 | P a g e highly scalable, elastic and secure cloud services to accelerate development and deployment of your offerings while driving efficiency. With the AWS partner ecosystem, you can expand your reach by promoting your products to AWS Global customers all while reducing your capital Infrastructure investment.  Over-the-top Delivery: Deliver and monetize highly scalable Over-the-top experiences to your customers AWS Media services and Amazon cloud Front. With The ability to encode, Originate, Monetize, And deliver live and stored content to all of their device, AWS Can help extend your customer engagement and drive additional revenue.  Related Products i. Amazon API gateway; ii. Amazon Cloudfont; iii. AWS Elemental Media Package.  Related Resources If it were not for AWS and the third party content delivery network, we would not be able to provide this service as it would have cost millions of dollars in computing infrastructure. we are so confident in the availability and the capacity that we extended the services to all mobile users. 7.03 Big Data and Analytics for telecommunication: Surface powerful insights about your business by leveraging data from your operations, customer base and network. From informing retention programs and identifying effective customer offerings to developing preemptive maintenance programs for your network components. Big Data Analytics Solutions from AWS help you create outstanding customer experience. By developing a highly available, Stable And automatic data pipeline in the AWS Cloud Enjoy responsiveness agility and flexibility in your decision making by providing your data scientist and " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-38-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-38-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-38-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-38-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide39" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-38" alt="31 | P a g e business stakeholders with a holistic 360- degree view leveragess relevant data in real time. Plus With automated cost effective solutions for data lifecycle management, ensure your data is accessible, allowing you to eliminate the need for complicated, time intensive, on premise data management solutions for network and call data records. 7.04 Head of Telecommunications Sales Strategy and Operations: Amazon Web services.lnc.("AWS") is looking for head of telecommunications sales and strategy and operations to manage all aspects of the worldwide telecommunications vertical field operations activity to deliver timely and equal accurate business insights, decision support, strategic project/ program management and omco sales operations and own core planning processes. This is a highly visible role and the right candidate must have the ability to influence at all levels across Sales, Marketing Solution Architecture, Business Development Professional Services, Legal Finance and other Operations teams. This person will partner with the head of the Telecommunication vertical organization to define and develop the strategy to achieve business goals, while establishing a structured and disciplined management framework, holding all cross functional leaders accountable for their ongoing inputs and delivering results. They will own all periodic business reviews and the overall assessment of business performance, and where necessary, drive ownership of corrective actions to ensure organizational goals are exceeded. The successful candidate must be a strong leader and will draw upon solid analytical critical thinking and problem solving skills to effectively manage the WW Telecommunications operational concedence. The Candidate must be able to roll up his/her sleeves and work directly with the models, be detail oriented analytical and have excellent problem solving abilities. They will influence the continuous improvement of forecast models, Segmentation, Frameworks, Sales incentives, Marketing incentives, Business intelligence/ Reporting tools and other field activities to enable operational goals. He/she will have superb Communications and customer relationship skills outstanding analytic insights and be a passionate advocate for their customers through other internal parties. He/she will drive towards simple scalable solutions to difficult problems, have excellent project management skills and be able to communicate Complex Strategies for analytical results both written and verbally in a clear and easy to understand way. 7.05 Overview of Amazon Web Services Internet to things: AWS loT Core AWS loT Device Defender Amazon FreeRTOS AWS loT Device Management AWS loT Greengrass AWS loT Events AWS loT 1-Click AWS loT SiteWise AWS loT Analytics AWS loT Things Graph AWS loT Button AWS Partner Device Catalogue " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-39-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-39-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-39-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-39-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide40" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-39" alt="32 | P a g e 8 Ethical and Social issues of information system in Amazon Ethics are the principles of right and wrong individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behavior. Information systems raise new ethical questions for both individuals and societies because they create opportunities for intense social change. In today’s business environment, market is becoming more rapidly changing and highly competitive. This is due to the increased globalization and existence of a huge number of businesses in the market place. Amazon.com is a prominent Internet retail company in E- commerce. Its business includes Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Customer. Information systems raise new ethical question foe the Amazon Company. 8.1 Key technology trends that raise ethical issues for the company The doubling of computing power every 18 months has made it possible for most organizations to use information systems for their core production processes. As a result, our dependence on systems and our vulnerability to system errors and poor data quality have increased which raised ethical issue for Amazon Company. Advances in data storage techniques and rapidly declining storage costs have been responsible for the multiplying databases on individuals by private and public organizations. These advances in data storage have made the routine violation of individual privacy both cheap and effective. Massive data storage systems are inexpensive enough for regional and even local retailing firms to use in identifying customers. Advances in data analysis techniques for large pools of data are another technological trend that heightens ethical concerns because companies and government agencies are able to find out highly detailed personal information. Finally, advances in networking, including the Internet, promise to greatly reduce the costs of moving and accessing large quantities of data and open the possibility of mining large pools of data remotely using small desktop machines, permitting an invasion of privacy on a scale and with a precision heretofore unimagined. These all may raise ethical issues for the Amazon Company. 8.2 Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA) A new data analysis technology called nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA) has given both the government and the private sector even more powerful profiling capabilities. NORA can take information about people from many disparate sources. Amazon Company use it for gathering information of its potential and permanent customer. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-40-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-40-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-40-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-40-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide41" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-40" alt="33 | P a g e NORA technology can take information about people from disparate sources and find obscure, nonobvious relationships. It might discover, for example, Amazon Company use it for keeping records of its individual customer and the transection of the company. 8.03 Ethical analysis As a company Amazon Company can use a five-step process that can help the company:  Identify and describe clearly the facts. Find out who did what to whom, and where, when, and how.  Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved. Ethical, social, and political issues always reference higher values.  Identify the stakeholders.  Identify the options  Identify the potential consequences of its options. When Amazon Company confronted with a situation that seems to present ethical issues, the company should use that analysis. 8.04 Candidate Ethical principles Once the analysis is complete, what ethical principles or rules should you use to make a decision? This question is arrived, to solve this question it is helpful to consider some ethical principles with deep roots in many cultures that have survived throughout recorded history by the authority of the amazon company: " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-41-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-41-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-41-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-41-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide42" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-41" alt="34 | P a g e i. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you (the Golden Rule). Putting yourself into the place of others, and thinking of yourself as the object of the decision, can help you think about fairness in decision making. ii. If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone (Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative). iii. If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all (Descartes’ rule of change). An action may bring about a small change now that is acceptable, but if it is repeated, it would bring unacceptable changes in the long run iv. Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value (Utilitarian Principle). This rule assumes you can prioritize values in a rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. v. Take the action that produces the least harm or the least potential cost (Risk Aversion Principle). Some actions have extremely high failure costs of very low probability or extremely high failure costs of moderate probability. Avoid these high-failure-cost actions, paying greater attention to high-failure-cost potential of moderate to high probability. vi. Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else unless there is a specific declaration otherwise. (This is the ethical “no free lunch” rule.) If something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work. 8.05 Information Rights of the Amazon Company Privacy is the claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals or organizations, including the state. Claims to privacy are also involved at the workplace. Amazon Company has the right of the privacy of information. Computer Crime and Abuse Though Amazon Company has the information privacy right, it can become the victim of computer crime and Abuse. Computer crime is the commission of illegal acts through the use of a computer or against a computer system. Computers or computer systems can be the object of the crime, as well as the instrument of a crime. A cybercriminal can do some illegal task which can affect the amazon company`s data and other things. Such as:- i. Identity theft: A cyber-criminal impersonates someone else identity to practice malfunction. This is usually done by accessing personal details of someone else or by accessing a company’s database ii. Hacking: The Company can be attacked by a hacker. A hacker can hack the database and can destroy important data of Amazon Company. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-42-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-42-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-42-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-42-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide43" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-42" alt="35 | P a g e Moreover, as a Company Amazon has some Ethical and social issues of Information system which has some advantage and disadvantage. 9 Project Management in Amazon. Com Amazon web services is continuing to pioneer in the public sector and is seeking a project manager within the public sector enablement team to implement unique, scalable programs FOR the business. This role encompasses both designing project plans that will accelerate each initiative while also tactically implementing each project individually and alongside team members. The Successful candidate will combine a solid understanding of sales and marketing dynamics, a keen eye for detained the ability to synthesize vast information while making it usable amongst a global sales audience. This Individual will be a key member of the global sales enablement team, examining existing business practices while identifying new initiatives that would result in Time savings and increased sales effectiveness. Examples of the project that will be driven by this individual include building out enablement resource for multiple lines of resources into internal knowledge management systems and developing resources to consistently leverage internal CRM tools. The Successful candidate will be at the center of the team, will be comfortable driving results in an ambiguous environment, and will be part of the glue that helps our team operate efficiently, effectively and happily. This individual must have 5+ years of a combination of relevant experience serving sales and business development organizations and project management experience in audition ot Strong written and verbal Communication skills. Experience within public sector industries is highly preferred. Responsibilities:  For each initiative develop a project plan and communicate strategy with global programs manager and relevant leader and stakeholders; fully own end to end progress against targets.  Partner with team program managers to develop, executive, and fulfil Programs as well as develop, new Programs to meet emerging needs spanning multiple lines of business and geographic Regions.  Develop cross-functional sales enablement resources and content for global sales team while leveraging existing resources for implementation and roll out of programs.  Perform detailed needs assessment in collaboration with various stakeholders within the global sales enablement team.  Identify project roadblocks, research and present root- cause analysis, and manage resolution.  Design and implement metrics of measure impact, effectiveness, appropriateness and utility of Programs. Measure and report on the effectiveness of sales enablement investments through dashboards and quarterly reports. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-43-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-43-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-43-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-43-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide44" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-43" alt="36 | P a g e  Maintain scheduled deadlines, detailed project status reports and introduce processes to optimize management of project across the global sales Enablement team.  Conduct continuous feedback and socialization efforts with team Program managers and additional stakeholders, creating a continuous improvement loop for enablement programs.  Partner with Public sector training team to educate the field and introduce new programs. 10 Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy of Amazon: 10.01 Operational Excellence of Amazon When Amazon started in 1995, it was a site that only sold books. Within a month of its inception, the company had already shipped books to over 40 different countries. Since then, Amazon has become one of the world’s largest e-commerce companies, accounting for around 44% of total e- commerce sales in the United States for 2017. At Snap Agency, we specialize in crafting data-driven solutions that position our clients for continuous growth. We’ve spent the past eight years developing innovative digital marketing strategies to help a wide range of B2B and B2C businesses maximize leads and sales. We’re also proud to provide the resources e-commerce companies need to thrive in the ever-changing world of digital. So today, let’s take a look at seven reasons why Amazon is enjoying such tremendous success. i. Innovation: Amazon’s success largely stems from its innovative technologies and practices, many of which were championed by its CEO, Jeff Bezos. Consider the Echo, Amazon’s impressive voice command device. Echo can be used to play songs, research your favorite sports teams, and even check the weather with a few spoken words. This innovative technology was a huge investment for the e-commerce giant—one that fostered exceptional results. Over 22 million Echo units were sold in 2017 alone. ii. Customer Service: Because of its commitment to world-class customer service, Amazon has developed a range of helpful tools users can employ to track packages and quickly return or exchange ordered items, bringing simplicity and convenience to their online shopping experiences. Amazon’s Customer Service team has won multiple awards for its dedication to preventing and swiftly addressing problems for customers. One of Amazon’s overarching missions is to become the planet’s most customer-centric company—and the brand’s dedication to this goal has paid dividends. Social media is another powerful tool that Amazon employs to engage with shoppers and enhance the quality of its customer service. When done right, social media channels can help your e-commerce business address customer concerns and build a solid foundation of loyal and passionate followers who advocate your brand. That’s why many e-commerce companies work with Snap’s Social Media Team to refine and grow their social presence. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-44-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-44-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-44-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-44-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide45" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-44" alt="37 | P a g e iii. Execution: Amazon gets everything right when executing customer orders. They select products and services that customers want and need—and leverage distribution centers across the globe that allow them to quickly ship products. Amazon also has excellent vendor relationships that allow them to offer customers discounted pricing. The world’s largest online retailer is also ramping up plans to invest more across Europe this year, employing thousands of more employees. They’re also looking to implement brick-and-mortar stores that will have the capability of same-day-delivery via drones! iv. Diversification: Starting off as an online bookstore, Amazon now offers everything from soup to nuts. Literally. A search of the site reveals over 3,000 listings for vegetable soup. Search the term “nuts” and you’ll see over 37,000 results. Amazon now carries products in music, books, electronics, health and beauty, automotive, grocery and clothing. Business owners can contract with Amazon’s network of pros to get IT support, furniture assembly and even A/V services. By diversifying its offerings, Amazon is continuously driving reach and relevance. v. Outstanding User Experiences: A strong UX makes it easy for e-commerce customers to find what they’re looking for and move further down the conversion funnel, resulting in more sales. That’s why Amazon employs a full UX team comprised of professionals in everything from user research and interaction design to web development. These UX experts collaborate with Amazon’s engineers, product managers and executives to create seamless user experiences that drive customer conversions. vi. An “IN IT TO WIN IT’’ mindset Does anybody really remember when Amazon was unprofitable? If you’ve been around for a while, you might remember Bezos’ warning to investors that it would be a long time before they would see a return. Back in 1997, he told Inc. Magazine that Amazon would be unprofitable for a very long time. His “in it to win it” mindset kept the company pushing through new strategies until 2003—when the company posted its first profit. No matter how you look at it, Amazon has grown up from a little online bookstore to an industry giant. You could even say Amazon created the industry for total domination. 10.2 Customer Intimacy of Amazon The Amazon brand has not only built a unique business proposition (retail, cloud services, entertainment, technology), but it also dominates part of our Brand Intimacy Report and Rankings. If we asked you to think about the warm and fuzzy attributes the Amazon brand connotes, could you name any? Probably not. So how does it perform so well in driving what ultimately matters most—how consumers feel about the brand? First, a little background on what we mean by Brand Intimacy. Through recent advances in " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-45-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-45-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-45-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-45-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide46" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-45" alt="38 | P a g e neuroscience and psychology, we have a better understanding of the decision-making process. We now know emotion is the driver of decisions, and our rational minds retrofit our selections after the fact. Furthermore, behavioral science suggests how we feel about a brand is the best predictor of behavior. Brand Intimacy is at the heart of this new thinking. We have been studying it for several years, initially by understanding shifts and updates in the worlds of technology, marketing, and science, and then by undertaking in-depth, qualitative, online communities research to better explore and understand the very idea of Brand Intimacy. This resulted in over 20,000 brand stories across the United States, Germany, and Japan. Finally, we have completed quantitative research with 6,000 consumers, encompassing 52,000 brand evaluations in the United States, Mexico, and the UAE to validate and better understand the implications and performance of intimate brands. Central to the model are the archetypes. These six archetypes are consistently present, in part or in whole, among all intimate brand and identify the character and nature of ultimate brand relationships. In retail, the fulfillment archetype dominates. Fulfillment is defined as exceeding expectations, by delivering superior service, quality, and efficacy. As an online retail pioneer, Amazon delivers fulfillment from simultaneously tinkering narrowly around every pixel of the customer journey to broadly expanding the ecosystem of influence and boundaries of what you can effortlessly buy and have shipped to your door. This experience drives the feeling of confidence and trust within Amazon’s customers. We’ve also learned that retail brands that score well in fulfillment, the retail category archetype driver, generally have a larger percentage of fusing stage relationships with their customers. Amazon is winning in Brand Intimacy by building stronger bonds with its customers, and that bodes well for its future success. Amazon outperforms the category against the archetype that matters most, which has driven a strong 44 percent of its customers to experience some form of intimacy with the brand. By comparison, the category average is 29 percent. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-46-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-46-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-46-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-46-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide47" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-46" alt="39 | P a g e By being pervasive, direct and peerless in fulfilling customer needs, Amazon has established itself as essential. It has become a new brand staple in people’s lives, something upon which they depend. Although it does not promote an emotionally-oriented brand promise, the Amazon brand, indeed, has anchored itself squarely in the hearts of its users, becoming a brand they feel connected to and that they identify with. 11 Conclusion Amazon is a revolutionary e-marketplace that is both world-renowned and extremely efficient, amazon has gone from a small company run out of a garage, to a fortune 100 company run all over the world. Amazon fulfills their mission statement every day by being a customer-centric company that offers over two hundred million products at the lowest price possible. Amazon is a very innovative company that creates and manufactures many products. They are always expanding and trying to create new ways to make their company and the lives of the customer better. Amazons biggest competition as an e-marketplace is eBay. Amazon currently leads this market by having a more organize, effective, professional, and easy to use website. Furthermore, Amazons brand personality is that they are a fast, friendly, innovative company that can be trusted. All of these traits make amazon he website where most customer choose to do their right shopping. Also, visa reward card provide many benefits to their members and make shopping on their website quick and easy. Overall, amazon has developed into one of the most important and successful companies in the world today. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-47-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-47-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-47-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-47-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide48" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-47" alt="1 | P a g e Reference: 1. Management Information System: Managing Digital firm | Twelfth Edition || Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon 2. Amazon Annual Report || 2015 3. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter’s five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45. 4. Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter’s five forces model. Strategic Change, 15(5), 213-229. 5. Kara Giannopoulos, G. D., Georgopoulos, N., & Nikolopoulos, K. (2005). Fathoming Porter’s five forces model in the internet era. info, 7(6), 66-76. 6. Roy, D. (2011). Strategic Foresight and Porter’s Five Forces. GRIN Verlag. 7. Wang, X., & Ng, C. T. (2018). New retail versus traditional retail in e-commerce: channel establishment, price competition, and consumer recognition. Annals of Operations Research, 1-17. 8. Zhu, F., & Liu, Q. (2018). Competing with complementors: An empirical look at Amazon. com. Strategic Management Journal, 39(10), 2618-2642. 9. https://www.amazon.com/inc (Form 10-K) 10. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR 11. https://www.questjournals.org (volume4/Issue 11 || 2017) 12. https://www.researchgate.net (publication/261440748) 13. https://export-x.com/2015/12/11/ (amazon-sell-2015) 14. https://www.smallbusiness.chron.com 15. http://hbr.org/hbrg-main/resources/images/articels asset/hbr/0801/R0801/ 16. Medium.com/@shahmm/how-did-amazon-build-its 17. www.sdcexec.com/warehousing/article/1209673/how 18. http://research-methodology.net/amazon-value-chain-analysis/ 19. http://medium.com/@shahmm/how-did-amazon-build-its-sustainable-com-ad-88cfec7 20. http://aws.amazon.com/blog/enterprise-strategy/connected-your-technology-and- business-strategies 21. https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsiblity -model 22. https://www.amazon.jobs/ Project Manager, sales programs -job ID:768912 | Amazon. Jobs 23. https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Amazon-Business-Intelligence-Reviews-EI_IE6036.0,6_KO7,28.htm 24. https://www.datanami.com/2015/10/07/amazon-debuts-fast-cheap-bi-with-quicksight/ 25. https://aws.amazon.com/big-data/use-cases/ 26. https://aws.amazon.com/mp/scenarios/bi/ 27. https://slideplayer.com/slide/3317932/ 28. https://mblm.com/lab/stories/amazon-wins-the-battle-for-customer- intimacy/?fbclid=IwAR3QgD7MRKyL3MmwTnBxaZZBRbHfNb7iwIAdnO-vmwXlHCbYQgFoydc5oYg " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-48-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-48-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-48-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-48-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide49" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-48" alt="2 | P a g e 29. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/?fbclid=IwAR0bpuT23sxD0Yx3OOtg_ScnZWTSM3ZzrD6VOpf_dWGrQ6anD qaGVuSdmd0 30. https://www.snapagency.com/7-reasons-why-amazon-is-so-successful/?fbclid=IwAR1LB- Wc4lDmacIRBoJnFHmv6qa0rWMs7JyEgtf6u-pMJlVXyU7iMcVvbrc 31. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)?fbclid=IwAR1NgjHOt_QRzxpTTkhWloQ0e18ZpDxro oo9CCQubV-DmNGOGQIPS6L1ruA 32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261440748_A_STUDY_ON_AMAZON_INFORMATION_SYSTE MS_BUSINESS_STRATEGIES_AND_e- CRM?fbclid=IwAR1Uz0ht9zUAyhVXej5ZMbRKK6e7XOOP53UdtmgRpBuFORrY2yxlJa0SGgA 33. https://ethicalunicorn.com/2019/01/12/how-ethical-is- amazon/?fbclid=IwAR0DuZGUyPgdSkkf3iozndjhX3_RECEDqG0RW5yTTSgWXqoOhWzHLFwCJgA " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-49-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-49-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/75/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-49-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/misfinal-190826160957/85/Management-Information-System-In-Amazon-Inc-49-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div class="RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l"><h2 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h2__f9yvs RelatedContent_title__QUhpL">More Related Content</h2><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>Management Information System In Amazon Inc.</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#1">| P a </a> g e 8/21/2019 Submitted by Group C Student Id: 18FIN021-18FIN029 Semester: 2nd year; 1st semester Session: 2018-19; (AS: 2017-18) Department of Finance and Banking University of Barishal University of Barishal Project Report On Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc. Submitted to Md. Saiful Islam Lecturer Department of Finance and Banking University if Barishal Course Code: F-203 Course Title: Management Information System Submission Date: </li></div><div><li>2. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#2">i | P </a> a g e Group C Member List Serial Name Student ID 1 Jannat Jahan Mim 18FIN021 2 Maria Akter 18FIN022 3 Sadia Sultana 18FIN023 4 Tamanna 18FIN024 5 Mizanur Rahman 18FIN025 6 Mursheda Akter 18FIN026 7 Md. Al Mauz Alam 18FIN027 8 Sadia Sultana 18FIN028 9 Md. Abu Hanif 18FIN029 </li></div><div><li>3. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#3">ii | P </a> a g e Letter of Transmittal 21 August 2019 To Md. Saiful Islam Lecturer Department of Finance and Banking, University of Barishal. Subject: Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc. Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit our report on “Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc.” under the requirement of B.B.A program (Course Title: Management Information System), Department of Finance and Banking, University of Barisal. It has been prepared in accordance to your guidance and with the information of reliable sources. We have tried to make the project paper precise. Our prime focus was to give a clear concept about Management Information System in Amazon Inc. However, we will be really happy to provide more information if needed. We have really enjoyed working on the report. We got to know many new information about the management system of an organization that will help us in future. We hope that our work would meet the level of your expectation and oblige us. Sincerely yours, On behalf of Group C Department of Finance and Banking University of Barishal. </li></div><div><li>4. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#4">iii | P </a> a g e Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to thank the almighty Allah for helping us throughout the whole internship period by making us complete all the responsibilities properly and prepare a project report on it within the very short period. Then we want to express our great gratitude to our honorable course instructor to give us such a good topic for making a project paper. He gave us his helpful hand to do this project paper. His class lecture and advice helps us to prepare our paper very much which was very fruitful to us. So we are grateful to him. He was very generous and friendly towards us while conducting the course and was the person who has guided us throughout preparing the paper. His teaching method was really effective and interesting. We would like thank almighty for keeping everything on right track. Finally, we would like to thank our parents and friends, without whose support, it was impossible for us to complete the project. </li></div><div><li>5. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#5">iv | P </a> a g e Bona fide Certificate This is to inform that the report on “Management Information System in Amazon Inc.” is a bona fide work of Group C, Student ID ranging from (18FIN021-18FIN029), who carried out the study under my supervision. Certified further that this project paper is not part of any other project report. They are permitted to submit the report. Md. Saiful Islam Lecturer Department of Finance and Banking University of Barishal </li></div><div><li>6. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#6">v | P </a> a g e Table of Contents Chapter Page Background…………….…………….……………….……….……………….……….………………………….………………..1 1 Introduction 1.01 Origin of the Study.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………….2 1.02 Objective.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………………………..3 1.03 Limitation.……………….……….……………….……….…………………………….…….….……….……………..4 1.04 Methodology.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………………….5 2 Information System 2.01 Information system and global business………….……….……………….……….………………………..4 2.02 Information system and Amazon Inc.……………………………………………………………………....4-5 3 Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy of Amazon 3.01 Features of Amazon.com………………………………………………………………………………………...6-7 3.02 The internet and Amazon.com………………………………………………………………………….………..8 3.03 Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage…………………….………8-11 3.04 Information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces…………………..…11-13 3.05 Amazon’s Activities…………………..……………………..……………………..……………………..…..13-15 3.06 Using System for Competitive Advantage: Management Issue……………………..…….15-16 3.07 Managing Strategic Transition…………………..……………………..……………………..………….16-17 4 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management 4.01 Business intelligence…………………………………………………………………………………………………17 4.02 Business intelligence trends………………………………………………………………………………………17 4.03 The problem of managing data resources in a traditional file environment………………17 4.04 Database services……………………………………………………………………………………………………..18 4.05 Amazon business Intelligence………………………………………………………………………………18-21 4.06 Business intelligence environment and performance management in Amazon………..22 5 Global E-business and collaboration impact, effect and situation of Amazon 5.01 The role of information systems function in Amazon of a business…………………..………22 5.02 The various levels of management in Amazon of a business………………………………..22-23 5.03 Collaboration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………23 5.04 Technology for collaboration and teamwork…………………………………………………………….23 5.05 Dominions of collaboration technologies in Amazon In ……………………………………………24 5.06 Information systems department……………………………………………………………………………..24 </li></div><div><li>7. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#7">vi | P </a> a g e 5.07 Improve organizational performance in Amazon Inc. ……………………………………………….24 6 E-commerce: Digital markets & Digital Goods 6.01 E-commerce……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………25 6.02 Digital markets and digital goods in a global marketplace……………………………………27-28 6.03 6.03 Types of e-commerce…………………………………………………………………………………..28-29 7 Telecommunications, Internet and the wireless Technology in Amazon 7.01 Telecommunication Amazon web services……………………………………………………………….29 7.02 Digital Business Service for Telecom……………………………………………………………………29-30 7.03 Big Data and Analytics for telecommunication………………………………………………………….30 7.04 Head of Telecommunications Sales Strategy and Operations……………………………………31 7.05 Overview of Amazon Web Services…………………………………………………………………………..31 8 Ethical and Social issues of information system in Amazon 8.01 Key technology trends that raise ethical issues for the company………………………………32 8.02 Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA).………………………………………………………32-33 8.03 Ethical analysis…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………33 8.04 Candidate Ethical principles…………………………………………………………………………………33-34 8.05 Information Rights of the Amazon Company……………………………………………………….34-35 9 Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy of Amazon…………………………………………..35 10 Project Management in Amazon. Com 10.1 Operational Excellence of Amazon…………………………………………………………………..……36-37 10.2 Customer Intimacy of Amazon…………………………………………………………………………..….37-39 11 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39 </li></div><div><li>8. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#8">vii | P </a> a g e Executive Summary This is a project report based on our research of two week on Amazon Inc. The report critically evaluates the how service based organization -Amazon Inc. use Management information systems as a vibrant tool in attaining competitive advantage through efficient management and acquisition of information. The study involves assessment of the best MIS practices in place for Amazon throughout its value chain activities. Uniqueness of MIS is being highlighted in the report through assessment of technology, process and the systems that Amazon use right from the initiation of the end user with the website till the payment and delivery mode is being selected. </li></div><div><li>9. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#9">1 | P </a> a g e Background: For the last two decade Amazon.com has been serving customer worldwide. Amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos back in 1995.The founders vision was to build a virtual shopping place for book lovers. Amazon.com brings the world largest book store to the door step of the people around the world. All people has to do is search and select the desired book. It took 30 day to deliver books to the customers of 50 states and 45 countries. Amazon.com was a huge success in nineties.Amazon.com became a platform for the retailer and individuals in 2000.Amazon.com offers their services towards four types of customers, consumers, sellers, enterprises and content creators. (Annual report 2013) Amazon serves customer through the popular web site www.amazon.com. Now a day customers can access through mobile technology.Amazon.com apps are also available for the customers. </li></div><div><li>10. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#10">2 | P </a> a g e 1. Introduction: 1.01 Origin of the study An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products. The study of information system examines people, process and technology in an organizational context. In a corporate setting, the ultimate goal of the use of a management information system is to increase the value and profits of the business. Organizations under E commerce industry seek to attain core competence by creating and sustaining a unique process to collect personal information about customers and their purchasing trends. Management information systems aids organization and its system to integrate in an effective and efficient manner to bring out the synergy between the interactions of the people and information systems. MIS facilitates management decisions at the strategic and operational levels of an organization. Emerging as an American multinational E commerce co, Amazon has turned out to be leading online retailer co and offering cloud computing services. The case of Amazon reflects the successful alignment of information systems with the overall strategic goals of the organization. Amazon has been fine tuning its E strategy by means of keeping its website systems unique and separate from that of its order systems. MIS has played a crucial role in the development of the company on global context (Weber, 2010). Amazon has used MIS as a vibrant tool to streamlines its management activities and that at the same time has ensured that the customers are offered with diversified services through its MIS (Cao, 2011). </li></div><div><li>11. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#11">3 | P </a> a g e 1.2 Objective of the study  To study the Information System and global business;  To study the Information System and Amazon Inc.;  To study the Strategy of Amazon Inc.;  To study the foundation of Business Intelligence of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Global e-business and Collaboration effect, impact in Amazon Inc.;  To study the Digital Market and Digital Goods of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Telecommunication system of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Social and Ethical issue of Information System in Amazon Inc.;  To study the Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy situation of Amazon Inc.;  To study the Project Managing System of Amazon Inc. Limitation of the study  The study is limited because we didn’t get the raw information of the topic;  The study is limited because the disclosure policy of the certain company;  Expensive tool were needed to get the access of different web sites to collect data which was rarely available to us. 1.3 Methodology  Primary Data Collection As we have work on a multinational company, so we didn’t get enough chance to get raw data. Though we have tried to cover by virtual survey and experiment. And as there are a very few customer of the company prevailing in our country and society (family and friends), so we get a little data from this source. Consequently we had to work mainly on the basis of secondary data.  Secondary Data Collection  Book: We try to relate the topic of “Managing Digital Firm’’ with the actual certain company basis. The book is mentioned in the reference part.  Internet: Our main source was several web sites where the company itself and the other survey organizations disclose the ways of managing the certain company with the help of information system and we collect the data from there and make it useful after doing some research on it. The web addresses are mentioned in the reference part. </li></div><div><li>12. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#12">4 | P </a> a g e 2 Information System 2.01 Information system and global business Management Information Systems (MIS) focus on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in managing organizations. In the 21st century almost all organizations use Information and Communication Technologies to efficiently control their operation, to help managers make better decision and achieve competitive advantage, and to facilitate seamless internal and external communication with their employees, customers, partners, and other stakeholders. Companies can use management information system to provide the product and the services of the highest quality at an affordable prices and top rated customer service and help companies to enter into a new markets through e-commerce. Globalization, collaboration, and integration have become the new drivers in this competitive arena. Nowadays, the main focus of the companies is to stay globally competitive by leveraging the capabilities of modern information and Communication technologies. Many businesses have begun to participate in the global market, as it presents a chance for greater revenuer and larger business prospects. 2.02 Information system and Amazon Inc. Amazon.com opened its virtual doors on the World Wide Web in July 1995. They seek to be Earth’s most customer-centric company. They are guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Amazon serve consumers through their retail websites and physical stores and focus on selection, price, and convenience. They design their websites to enable millions of unique products to be sold by them and by third parties across dozens of product categories. Customers access their offerings through their websites, mobile apps, Alexa, and physically visiting their stores. They also manufacture and sell electronic devices, develop and produce media content and provide easy-to- use functionality, fast and reliable fulfillment, and timely customer service. To complete these task there’s a great impact of management information system. As of export-x, amazon sold a total of 1938 million product and services around the world in 2015 which is increasing daily. So, managing this huge system of retailing, they need to differentiate the products and supplier, then take the orders of thousands of people in every single seconds via web 2.0 technology and finally reach the product to the certain customer, then the benefit recovers their buying and finally need to pay the employees and other stakeholders, is not an easy task. In this term Management Information Systems helps amazon to do these task properly in a time efficient manner. Basically Management Information Systems used for point-of-sale data collection, logistics, inventory control, internal communication and each of these item affect their retail operations. </li></div><div><li>13. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#13">5 | P </a> a g e In 1995 Amazon used website system and order fulfillment system separately in order to improve security. By 1995 amazon has huge database running on Digital Alpha Servers. Amazon renovated the entire system in the year of 2000. Company spent $200 million on the new system. These systems include analysis software from “Epiphany”, logistics from “autistics” and new DBMS from oracle. (Gerald, 2012) For communication with supplies amazon seal deal with Exelon for business-to-business integration system. (Konicki, 2000). Amazon Web Service (AWS) and Simple Storage Service (SS) are the main system developed by amazon. Through this system amazon can maintain its vast number of products and millions of active customers. Amazon web service has become a global platform for individual to retailers to sell their products. Through reliable, Scalable, and robust web service amazon creates a global domination. The challenges of amazon.com web services are very prominent. The rapid development and dissemination of new information, as well as telecommunications technology today acquires the character of the global information revolution, which has a growing influence on politics, economics, management, finance, science, culture and other social spheres within national borders and in the world as a whole. One of the most important tasks of the present time is improving management processes, including the use of modern information technology. It is the key to performance of virtually all organizations. Effective management of the organization today is not possible without control of its information activities and the entire system of corporate information. Therefore, developed management information system is the key to success of an organization. Management information system of Amazon was an attempt to link directly the information system and its development with organizational goals using logical analysis. It regularly produces structured reports on various aspects for the Amazon. Its tasks are to assess the operations and create a report based on it (Laudon & Laudon, 2013). Management information system of the company is a set of interrelated machines organized in a hierarchical structure, covering all aspects of the company from top to bottom (Sousa & Oz, 2014). It forms the first, rarely the second level of information system and performs its normal function and transmits information machines of the second level (Sousa & Oz, 2014). At this level, the data is used for optimization calculations (Laudon & Laudon, 2013). Thus, the management information system consistently implements the principles of unity and organization of information through the use of technical means of collection, storage, processing and transmission of information in conjunction with the use of analytical methods of mathematical statistics and models of forecasting and analytical calculations. An important role in the successful sale rates of the Amazon was played by the proper marketing. Management information system has helped to build a sales system, in which ordinary people themselves started to promote products of Amazon. Any site owner can sell products of Amazon through their own resource, receiving a percentage of sales. Also, applications of information systems in the company can be seen in the infrastructure of cloud system. </li></div><div><li>14. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#14">6 | P </a> a g e 3 Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy of Amazon 3.01 Features of Amazon.com The main feature that puts Amazon.com on another level is the multi-leveled e-commerce strategy it employs. Amazon.com lets almost anyone sell almost anything using its platform. You can find straight sales of merchandise sold directly by Amazon, like the books it sold back in the mid-'90s out of Jeff Bezos' garage -- only now they're shipped from a very big warehouse. Since 2000, you can also find goods listed by third-party sellers -- individuals, small companies and retailers like Target and Toys 'R Us. You can find used goods, refurbished goods and auctions. You could say that Amazon is simply the ultimate hub for selling merchandise on the Web, except that the company has recently added a more extroverted angle to its strategy.  Organizational Culture of Amazon.com Amazon.com considers itself a completely customer-centric company. In fact, it has described itself as "customer-obsessed." The company really believes that if it doesn't listen to customers, it will fail. Amazon has stated that it wants to take advantage of any opportunity that presents itself to the company during a time of unprecedented technological revolution. Amazon not only believes in putting customers first but also in ownership from its team. "Ownership matters when you're building a great company," the company has said. "Owners think long- term, plead passionately for their projects and ideas and are empowered to respectfully challenge decisions." Getting a job at Amazon may not be easy (especially since the company prides itself on its high hiring bar). When making a hiring member, management asks, "Will I admire this person? Will I learn from this person? Is this person a superstar?" While tech companies such as Google Inc. are </li></div><div><li>15. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#15">7 | P </a> a g e known for the perks it gives employees, Amazon operates differently. The company believes that frugality breeds resourcefulness and self-sufficiency.  Organizational Environment of Amazon.com The environment of amazon is a highly complex and is divided into three categories namely industrial, general and competitive. Technological and global factors are the two segments that rank highest for amazon in the general environment. Technological has driven the growth of amazon, which has allowed Amazon to provide its customers a wide variety of services and products at lower rates. Amazon has database containing 1.1 million books , in comparison to the largest superstore that has 1,75,000 books , Amazon also offers web hosting and fulfillment services to online and offline retailers using its Amazon Commerce Network. Currently, the Amazon retail websites have products ranging from toys, video games, MP3 downloads, electronics household goods and collectible items. The company has also created a worldwide network of customer service and fulfillment centers.  Organizational Structure of Amazon.com Amazon organizational structure can be classified as hierarchical. Senior management team include two CEOs, three Senior Vice Presidents and one Worldwide Controller, who are responsible for various vital aspects of the business reporting directly to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos. There are seven segments such as information technology, human resources and legal operations and heads of segments also report to Amazon CEO. Hierarchical structure at Amazon has developed due to the immense size of the business. The largest internet retailer in the world by revenue employs 560,000 people worldwide and it has more than 300 million customers globally. Amazon organizational structure integrates many small teams that deal with various aspects of the business. Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos is credited with the introduction of ‘two pizza rule”. According to this rule, meetings should be held in teams small enough that could be all fed with only two pizzas. It is important to note that despite its large size, unlike many other companies with hierarchical organizational structure, Amazon remains highly flexible to adapt to frequent changes in the external marketplace. </li></div><div><li>16. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#16">8 | P </a> a g e 3.02 The internet and Amazon.com Amazon works by both internet and directly. They sell stuff directly from them and they allow other venders to sell through them. Start by doing a search for what you're looking for. After you do a search for the book you want to buy you'll see a link in the listing that show something like "71 used & new". If you click on that you'll see a listing of the books and the people who are trying to sell that book. Each seller has a rating. By this you can order which you want and by getting order Amazon send you by shipping system. Many items sold by Amazon.com have free shipping if the total order is over $25. That is not true for the other stores. 3.03 Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Amazon is a business that has gained competitive advantage through information systems. They build a strong relationship with their customer by keeping a record of past purchases and this allows them to recommend new products that the customer may be interested in. Porter’s competitive forces model Amazon must address the major forces of competition, consumers and substitutes, based on the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the business. It is recommended that the company must address the strong force of competitive rivalry by emphasizing competitive advantage and strengths of the e-commerce organization.  Traditional competitors: Amazon competes against strong competitors. This aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model tackles the effects of firms on each other. In the case of Amazon.com Inc., the following external factors are responsible for the strong intensity of competition or competitive rivalry in the online retail industry environment: i. High aggressiveness of firms (strong force); ii. High availability of substitutes (strong force); iii. Low switching costs (strong force). Retail firms are generally aggressive, and they exert a strong competitive force against each other. For example, Amazon.com Inc. directly competes against giants like Walmart, which has a significant and expanding e-commerce website. Amazon also experiences the strong force of substitutes because of their high availability. For instance, Walmart’s physical or brick-and-mortar stores are substitutes to Amazon’s online retail service. Other brick-and-mortar bookstores and smaller retailers also compete against Amazon. Furthermore, low switching costs impose a strong force on the company. Low switching costs correspond to low barriers for consumers to transfer from one retailer to another, or from one company to a substitute provider. Based on the external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon, competition must be a strategic priority to ensure the company’s long-term competence. </li></div><div><li>17. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#17">9 | P </a> a g e  New Market Entrants: New firms potentially reduce Amazon’s market share in online retail. The effects of new entrants are considered in this aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model. Amazon.com Inc. experiences the weak intensity of the threat of new entry based on the following external factors: i. Low switching cost (strong force); ii. High cost of brand development (weak force); iii. High economics of scale (weak force). Amazon’s consumers can easily transfer to new firms, thereby empowering new firms to impose a strong force against the company. This condition is due to low switching costs, or the low negative effects of transferring from one provider to another. However, the high cost of brand development in online retail weakens the influence of new entrants on the performance of Amazon. For example, it would take years and billions of dollars to create a strong brand that directly competes with the Amazon brand. In addition, the company benefits from high economies of scale that make its e-commerce business strong. As such, new entrants need to achieve similarly high economies of scale to compete against the company. Based on the external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis, new entrants are a minor strategic issue in Amazon’s performance in the online retail industry environment.  Substitute Product and Service: Amazon.com Inc. competes with substitutes in the online retail market. This aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model identifies how substitutes affect the industry environment. In the case of Amazon, the following external factors support the strong intensity of the threat of substitution: i. Low switching cost(strong force); ii. High availability of substitutes (strong force) iii. Low cost of substitutes (strong force) Amazon continually addresses the strong force of substitutes, which threaten the e-commerce company’s performance. The low switching costs show that customers can easily transfer from the company to other retailers. For example, consumers can easily decide to buy from Walmart stores or other retail establishments instead of buying from Amazon.com Inc. The high availability of substitutes and the low costs of their product offerings further increase the influence of substitutes against the company. Thus, the external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon.com Inc. show that substitution is among the priorities in the company’s strategies for long-term success in the online retail industry environment. </li></div><div><li>18. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#18">10 | P </a> a g e  Customers: Amazon.com Inc.’s vision statement and mission statement highlight the company’s customer-centric approach to e-commerce business. This aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model determines the influence of consumers on firms and the industry environment. The following external factors support the strong intensity of the bargaining power of customers in affecting Amazon: i. High quality of information (strong forces); ii. Low switching cost (strong forces); iii. High availability of substitutes (strong forces). Consumers have access to high quality information regarding the services of online retailers and the products they sell. This external factor affects Amazon.com Inc. in terms of the ability of customers to find alternatives to the company’s online retail service. In relation, the low switching costs make it easy for consumers to transfer from Amazon to other firms, such as Walmart. Also, the high availability of substitutes further empowers consumers to shift from one retailer to another. For example, instead of purchasing on Amazon’s e-commerce website, a customer can easily go to one of Walmart’s stores, which are strategically located throughout the United States. The external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis show that Amazon must consider the strong bargaining power of buyers as a major factor in addressing business challenges in the online retail industry environment.  Suppliers: Suppliers control the availability of supplies or materials Amazon.com Inc. needs for its e-commerce operations, such as hardware components for information systems. The influence of suppliers on the online retail industry environment is outlined in this aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model. Amazon experiences the moderate intensity of the bargaining power of suppliers based on the following external factors: i. Small population of suppliers (strong force) ii. Moderate forward integration (moderate force) iii. Moderate size of suppliers (moderate force) </li></div><div><li>19. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#19">11 | P </a> a g e The small population empowers suppliers to impose a strong force on Amazon.com Inc.’s e- commerce business. For example, changes in prices of equipment from a small number of large suppliers could directly impact the company’s online retail operational costs. However, the moderate forward integration limits suppliers’ actual effect on Amazon. Moderate forward integration equates to a moderate degree of control that suppliers have in the sale of their products to firms like Amazon. Moreover, the moderate size of most equipment manufacturers limits their influence on the company. Based on this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon, the external factors emphasize the moderate significance of suppliers as a strategic determinant in the online retail industry environment. 3.04 Information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces  Low Cost Leadership: Amazon uses low cost leadership as its generic strategy for competitive advantage. Minimization of operational costs is the objective in this generic competitive strategy. For example, Amazon.com uses advanced computing and networking technologies for maximum operational efficiency, which translates to minimized costs. Considering the nature of e-commerce, the company benefits from process automation, which is generally used in purchase processing, scheduling, and other operational processes. These benefits enable Amazon.com Inc. to minimize the cost of its online retail and other services.  Product Differentiation: Differentiation is the process of adding meaningful and valued differences to distinguish the product from the competition. Amazon successfully provide a differentiated service to consumers. Within Amazon.com’s core website, the company now offers over 593,000 items within the grocery section. While this is a vast selection, where Amazon.com differentiates itself is that 74,000 of these items are eligible for free shipping either through Amazon Prime or super saver shipping with a $25 purchase.  Focus on Market Niche: In 1994, Jeff Bezos after being jolted by Internet’s 2300 percent annual growth rate, began to think about building a true ‘everything store’ online. But he knew that building such a store is impractical at least in the beginning. So, to position his service in people’s mind, he had to focus on a niche. How to choose a niche? He made a list of twenty possible categories — Computer software, office supplies, apparel, music, etc… One interesting option popped out — The Books. </li></div><div><li>20. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#20">12 | P </a> a g e Why Books? — Bezos chose the ‘Books’ category for the following reasons  Books was a $10 billion industry in the united states in the year 1994. A considerable percentage of people had already been buying books through mail order or through postal services — A potential customer base with a need for convenience.  Generally, most of us would have a “Fear of Failure” while trying out any new things. Consumers at that time had little exposure to online buying. They had this fear of buying goods of unknown quality. But books were pure commodities. A copy of a book in one store was identical to the same book in any other store. So, the customers had no “Fear of Unknown”. They knew what they would be getting.  That time, books were primarily supplied by two major distributors and this would help Bezos not to waste time in approaching individual publishers.  Strengthen Customer and Supplier Intimacy: On the customer side, Amazon.com keeps track of user preferences for book and CD purchases, and can recommend titles purchased by others to its customers. Despite Amazon’s arrival on the scene, existing suppliers have an opportunity to stand out by becoming more personal with the B2B customer. Suppliers that are able to provide contractual arrangements, service agreements, better insights into demand patterns, and also unique offerings based on past purchases and installations are able to provide more than Amazon can. This type of personalization needs to go beyond just the sale of the individual item and smaller traditional suppliers are in the perfect position to do so. The Business Value Chain Model Value chain analysis is an analytical framework that assists in identifying business activities that can create value and competitive advantage to the business. The figure below illustrates the essence of Amazon value chain analysis. </li></div><div><li>21. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#21">13 | P </a> a g e . Amazon Value Chain Analysis 3.05 Amazon’s Activities I. Primary Activities  Amazon Inbound logistics: Generally, Amazon does not have long-term contracts or arrangements with its vendors to guarantee the availability of merchandise, particular payment terms, or the extension of credit limits. Fulfilment by Amazon (FBA) is the cornerstone of Amazon inbound logistics for company-owned retail business. Sellers can also use FBA by stowing their inventory in Amazon fulfilment centers. In this case, Amazon assumes full responsibility for logistics, customer service, and product returns. If a customer orders an FBA item and an Amazon owned-inventory item, the company ships both items to the customer in one box, as a significant gain of efficiency. The use of FBA is an optional choice for sellers and this choice makes the products of third-party seller’s eligible for Amazon Prime free two-day shipping, free shipping and other benefits.  Amazon Operations: Amazon operations are organized into three segments: i. North America. This segment operates North America-focused websites such as www.amazon.com, www.amazon.ca, and www.amazon.com.mx. Sales in this segment increased by 25% and 33% in 2016 and 2017, compared to the comparable prior year periods. ii. International. This segment operates internationally-focused websites such as www.amazon.com.au, www.amazon.com.br, www.amazon.cn and others. International sales increased by 24% and 23% in 2016, and 2017, compared to the comparable prior year periods. Loss in this segment was caused by increased levels of </li></div><div><li>22. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#22">14 | P </a> a g e operating expenses to expand Amazon’s fulfilment network and spending on technology and content and marketing efforts. Increase in operating loss in international segment was also partially caused by changes in currency exchange rates. iii. Amazon Web Services (AWS). This segment deals with global sales of computing, storage, database, and other service offerings for start-ups, enterprises, government agencies, and academic institutions. AWS sales increased 55% and 43% in 2016 and 2017, compared to the comparable prior year periods AWS offers pay-as-you-go cloud storage, compute resources, networking and computing services and its major customers include Pinterest, Dropbox, and Airbnb.  Amazon Outbound logistics: Generally, Amazon outbound logistics integrates the following: i. Fulfilment centers. The e-commerce giant operates 109 fulfilment centers around the globe and the company uses robotic technology in an extensive manner to manage receipt, stowing, picking, and shipment of products. ii. Co-sourced and outsourced arrangements iii. Digital delivery. These relate to products and services that can be downloaded from Amazon website. iv. Physical stores. The e-commerce giant acquired Whole Foods chain in 2017. The company has generated USD 4.3 billion revenues in Q2, 2018 from physical stores sales alone.  Amazon Marketing and Sales: Amazon marketing message conveys the promises of the largest selection of products and services, attractive prices, fast delivery of products and overall superior customer services. Several components of the marketing communication mix such as print and media advertising, sales promotion, events and experiences, public relations and direct marketing are used in an integrated way in order to communicate the marketing message to the target customer segment.  Amazon Service: Exceptional customer service is a major source of value creation for the e-commerce and cloud computing company. Amazon annual report says “we seek to be Earth’s most customer-centric company” and accordingly, the company offers exceptional customer services. Amazon Marketplace and Prime has two types of customers – sellers on and buyers from Amazon platform. For sellers in particular, Amazon offers Selling Coach program “alerting sellers about opportunities to avoid going out-of-stock, add selection that’s selling, and sharpen their prices to be more competitive”. II. Amazon Support activities  Firm’s Infrastructure: Amazon has a huge fraction of the effort into building the infrastructure that lets a Web-scale business run. Amazon has all the scar tissue to show people they know how to do it. Amazon think it’s also going to be a very meaningful </li></div><div><li>23. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#23">15 | P </a> a g e business for them one day. So Amazon’s motives for doing it are very straightforward: Amazon think its good business.” Amazon has already won many converts among its new customer base, effectively remaking the economics of instantly scalable infrastructure. Losable Wang provides a compelling example of how Amazon’s services can cut costs, citing the virtual world Second Life and its use of S3 to manage downloads of new software.  Human Resources: Amazon.com has a great training for its employees. According to the annual report of amazon.com 2010, the past year’s success is the product of a talented, smart, hard-working group, and Amazon take great pride in setting up of this team. Setting the bar high in Amazon approach to hiring has been, and will continue to be, the single most important element of Amazon.com’s success. However, employment levels fluctuate due to seasonal factors affecting Amazon’s business. Additionally, Amazon utilizes independent contractors and temporary personnel to supplement their workforce, particularly on a seasonal basis. Although Amazon has works councils and statutory employee representation obligations in certain countries, Amazon’s employees are not represented by a labor union and Amazon consider their employee relations to be good. Competition for qualified personnel in Amazon’s industry has historically been intense, particularly for software engineers, computer scientists, and other technical staff.  Technology Development: Amazon.com utilizes technology innovation to differentiate itself on online customer experience. Innovations such as personalized recommendations, one-click ordering, and search inside the book are all Amazon.com innovations. These innovations comprise the virtual store experience for the Amazon.com customer. Amazon.com has highly customized software applications that support their supply chain business model. In addition to using technology to support supplier collaboration and order sourcing, Amazon.com utilizes its core technology expertise to improve supply chain execution. Execution involves the internal distribution center processes that have been highlighted in this paper as well as the transportation initiatives. Amazon.com drives competitive advantage by utilizing proprietary information technology specifically designed to support their business model. An indication of Amazon.com's confidence in its technology is the bundling of its e-commerce front-end and back-end to develop the Merchant.com model. Additionally, Amazon.com evaluates technology to drive business value.  Procurement: Amazon.com utilizes a Sales and Operations (S&OP) planning process to determine forecasts for each product that it stores in its distribution center inventory. Amazon.com keeps track of its inventory position in real-time based on warehouse receipts and shipments. Purchase orders are placed to suppliers based on the forecasted amount needed minus the current inventory on hand in the warehouse. </li></div><div><li>24. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#24">16 | P </a> a g e 3.06 Using System for Competitive Advantage: Management Issue  Sustaining Competitive Advantage: The first and foremost factor for sustainable competitive advantage is to position your brand inside a consumer’s mind. As Amazon began to sell books online, it was beginning to find ways to establish and preserve the difference in a consumer’s mind as it was the next foundational step in building a sustainable competitive advantage. Amazon has been performing hundreds of activities to provide the chosen value propositions to customers. Amazon customized some activities such as: easy to return, users review, trust is earned to meet Amazon’s low price and a greater value of convenience for the customers. Over a period of time, those activities became unique to Amazon and became a stepping stone for sustainable competitive advantage.  Aligning with Business Objectives: It's important to realize that first and foremost Amazon.com is a technology company. Over the past years, Amazon.com grew from an online retailer into a platform on which more than 1 million active retail partners worldwide do business. Behind Amazon.com's successful evolution from retailer to technology platform is its SOA (service-oriented architecture), which broke new technological ground and proved that SOAs can deliver on their promises. Growth is core to Amazon.com's business strategy, and that has had a significant impact on the way they use technology: growth through more categories, a larger selection, more services, more buying customers, more sellers, more merchants, and more developers, increasing the different access methods, and expanding delivery mechanisms. The impact has been on many areas: larger data sets, faster update rates, more requests, more services, more developers, more documentation, more programs, more servers, more networks, more data centers. A large part of Amazon.com's technology evolution has been driven to enable this continuing growth, to be ultra-scalable while maintaining availability and performance. The biggest success has been that Amazon.com has become a platform that other businesses can benefit from. Making Amazon.com a general platform for e-commerce operation has been made possible through their advanced technology investments and it has been success. 3.07 Managing Strategic Transition Strategic transitions is a movement between levels of sociotechnical systems. Suppliers and customers must become intimately linked and may share each other’s responsibilities. Security and Compliance is a shared responsibility between Amazon and the customer. This shared model can help relieve the customer’s operational burden as Amazon operates, manages and controls the components from the host operating system and virtualization layer down to the physical security of the facilities in which the service operates. The customer assumes responsibility and management of the guest operating system (including updates and security patches), other </li></div><div><li>25. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#25">17 | P </a> a g e associated application software as well as the configuration of the Amazon provided security group firewall. Amazon is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the Amazon Cloud. Customer responsibility will be determined by the AWS Cloud services that a customer selects. This determines the amount of configuration work the customer must perform as part of their security responsibilities. This customer/Amazon shared responsibility model also extends to IT controls. Just as the responsibility to operate the IT environment is shared between Amazon and its customers, so is the management, operation and verification of IT controls shared. Amazon can help relieve customer burden of operating controls by managing those controls associated with the physical infrastructure deployed in the Amazon environment that may previously have been managed by the customer. 4 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management 4.01Business intelligence: The term Business Intelligence (BI) refers to technologies, applications and practices for the collection, integration, analysis, and presentation of business information. The purpose of Business Intelligence is to support better business decision making. Essentially, Business Intelligence systems are data-driven Decision Support Systems (DSS). Business Intelligence is sometimes used interchangeably with briefing books, report and query tools and executive information systems. 4.02 Business intelligence trends: Currently organizations are starting to see that data and content should not be considered separate aspects of information management, but instead should be managed in an integrated enterprise approach. Enterprise information management brings Business Intelligence and Enterprise Content Management together. Currently organizations are moving towards Operational Business Intelligence which is currently under served and uncontested by vendors. Traditionally, Business Intelligence vendors are targeting only top the pyramid but now there is a paradigm shift moving toward taking Business Intelligence to the bottom of the pyramid with a focus of self-service business intelligence. 4.03 The problem of managing data resources in a traditional file environment: Traditional file management techniques make it difficult for organizations to keep track of all of the pieces of data they use in a systematic way and to organize these data so that they can be easily accessed. Different functional areas and groups were allowed to develop their own files independently. Over time, this traditional file management environment creates problems such as data redundancy and inconsistency, program-data dependence, inflexibility, poor security, and lack of data sharing </li></div><div><li>26. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#26">18 | P </a> a g e and availability. A database management system (DBMS) solves these problems with software that permits centralization of data and data management so that businesses have a single consistent source for all their data needs. Using a DBMS minimizes redundant and inconsistent files. 4.04 Database services Amazon RDS: Makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud .RDS leverages SNS to broadcast notifications when RDS events occur. As usual, these notifications can be delivered via any protocol supported by SNS, including SQS queues, Lambda functions, and HTTP endpoints. As an example, imagine that you own a social network website that has experienced organic growth, and needs to scale its compute and database resources on demand. In this case, you could provide an SNS topic to listen to RDS DB instance events. When the “Low Storage” event is published to the topic, SNS pushes this event to a subscribing Lambda function, which in turn leverages the RDS API to increase the storage capacity allocated to your DB instance. The provisioning itself takes place within the specified DB maintenance window.  Using Amazon RDS Event Notifications via Amazon SNS  Viewing Amazon RDS Events 4.05 Amazon business Intelligence Amazon is a fast, cloud-powered business intelligence service that makes it easy to deliver insights to everyone in your organization. As a fully managed service, Quick Sight lets you easily create and publish interactive dashboards that include ML Insights. Dashboards can then be accessed from any device, and embedded into your applications, portals, and websites. With our Pay-per-Session pricing, Quick Sight allows you to give everyone access to the data they need, while only paying for what you use. </li></div><div><li>27. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#27">19 | P </a> a g e  Discover hidden insights ML Insights leverages AWS’s proven machine learning (ML) and natural language capabilities to help you gain deeper insights from your data. These powerful, out-of-the-box features make it easy for anyone to discover hidden trends and outliers, identify key business drivers, and perform powerful what-if analysis and forecasting with no technical expertise or ML experience needed.  Pay only for what you use QuickSight offers a unique, industry first pay-per-session model for dashboard readers, users who consume dashboards others have created. Instead of paying a fixed license cost per month, readers are billed $0.30 for a 30-minute session up to a maximum charge of $5/reader/month for unlimited use. This pricing model allows all of your users to access secure, interactive dashboards and email reports on a pay-per-session basis with no upfront costs or complex capacity planning. </li></div><div><li>28. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#28">20 | P </a> a g e  Scale to tens of thousands of users Deliver rich, interactive dashboards for your readers Quick Sight makes it easy and fast to create interactive dashboards and reports for your users. You can securely share those dashboards with anyone in your organization via browsers or mobile devices. With Quick Sight, you choose from a wide library of visualizations, charts, and tables, add interactive features like drill-downs and filters, and perform automatic data refreshes to build interactive dashboards. Quick sight also allows you to schedule automatic email-based reports, so you can get key insights delivered to your inbox. Explore, analyze, and collaborate Quick Sight gives users and analysts self-service business intelligence (BI), so they can answer their own questions, collaborate, and share insights. With Quick Sight, your users can connect to data sources, create/edit datasets, create visual analyses, invite co-workers to collaborate on analyses, and publish dashboards and reports.  Embedded analytics Quick Sight embedding makes it easy to integrate a modern analytics experience into your apps, portals, and websites. As a fully managed platform, Quick Sight is designed and priced to grow with you, offering an architecture that scales to millions of customers while only paying for what you use. </li></div><div><li>29. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#29">21 | P </a> a g e  Build end-to-end BI solutions Connect to your data, wherever it is Quick Sight allows you to directly connect to and import data from a wide variety of cloud and on-premises data sources. These include SaaS applications such as Salesforce, Square, ServiceNow, Twitter, GitHub, and JIRA; 3rd party databases such as Teradata, MySQL, Postgres, and SQL Server; native AWS services such as Redshift, Athena, S3, RDS, and Aurora; and private VPC subnets. You can also upload a variety of file types including Excel, CSV, JSON, and Presto.  A Global Solution As a native AWS service with customers all over the world, Quick Sight has been designed and built as a global product from the beginning. The Quick Sight application is localized in 10 major languages including: English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese. Quick Sight is also available across multiple AWS regions including: N. Virginia, Oregon, Ohio, Dublin, Japan, Singapore, and Sydney.  Achieve security and compliance Quick sight provides a secure platform allowing you to distribute dashboards and insights securely to tens of thousands of users. In addition to the multi-region availability and built- in redundancy, Quick Sight allows you to securely manage your users and content via a comprehensive set of security features including role-based access control, active directory integration, CloudTrail auditing, single sign-on (IAM, 3rd party), private VPC subnets, and data backup. QuickSight is also Fed Ramp, HIPAA, PCI PSS, ISO, and SOC compliant to help you meet any industry-specific or regulatory requirements. </li></div><div><li>30. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#30">22 | P </a> a g e 4.06 Business intelligence environment and performance management in Amazon: During the 21st century business environments have become more complex and dynamic than ever before. Companies operate in a world of change influenced by globalization, volatile markets, legal changes and technical progress. As a result, they have to handle growing volumes of data and therefore require fast storage, reliable data access, intelligent retrieval of information and automated decision-making mechanisms, all provided at the highest level of service quality. Successful enterprises are aware of these challenges and efficiently respond to the dynamic environment in which their business operates. Business Intelligence (BI) and Performance Management (PM) offer solutions to these challenges and provide techniques to enable effective business change. The important aspects of both topics are discussed within this state-of-the-art volume. It covers the strategic support, business applications, methodologies and technologies from the field, and explores the benefits, issues and challenges of each. Issues are analyzed from many different perspectives, ranging from strategic management to data technologies, and the different subjects are complimented and illustrated by numerous examples of industrial applications. Contributions are authored by leading academics and practitioners representing various universities, research centers and companies worldwide. Their experience covers multiple disciplines and industries, including finance, construction, logistics, and public services, amongst others. 5 Global E-business and collaboration impact, effect and situation of Amazon 5.01 The role of information systems function in Amazon of a business: The information systems department is the formal organizational unit responsible for information technology services.It is responsible for maintaining the hardware, software, data storage and networks that comprise the firm' s IT infrastructure. The department consists of specialist, such as programmers, systems analysis, project leaders and information system managers, and is often headed by a CIO. 5.02 The various levels of management in Amazon of a business: i. Transaction Processing System ii. Management Information System iii. Decision Support System iv. Executive Support System </li></div><div><li>31. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#31">23 | P </a> a g e Systems serving operational management are transaction processing systems, such as payroll or order processing, that track the flow of the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business. Management information systems and decision - support systems support middle management. Most MIS reports condense information from TPS and are not highly analytical models and data analysis capabilities. Executive support systems support senior management by providing data that are often in the form of graphs and charts delivered via portals using many source of internal and external information. 5.3 Collaboration Collaboration is working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals. Collaboration can be one- to-one and many- to- many. Collaboration can be short-lived, lasting a few minutes or long term, depending on the nature of the task and the relationship among participation. Growing important of collaboration: i. Changing nature of work i. Growth of professional work - "interaction jobs" ii. Changing organization of the firm iii. Changing scope of the firm iv. Emphasis on innovation v. Changing cultural of work 5.4 Technology for collaboration and teamwork </li></div><div><li>32. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#32">24 | P </a> a g e 5.5 Dominions of collaboration technologies in Amazon Inc. : 5.06 Information systems department: Information systems department is the formal organizational unit responsible for information technology services. It's include often headed by  Chief information officer (CIO),  Chief security officer (CSO),  Chief knowledge officer (CKO),  Chief Privacy Officer (CPO),  System Analyst,  Information System Manager. 5.07 Improve organizational performance in Amazon Inc: Enterprise applications (enterprise systems, supply Chain management systems, customer relationship management systems, and knowledge management systems) are designed to coordinate multiple functions and business processes. Enterprise systems integrate the key internal business processes of Amazon into a single software system to improve coordination, efficiency, and decision making. Supply chain management systems help the firm manage its relationship with suppliers to optimize the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of products and services. Customer relationship management use information systems to coordinate all of the business processes surrounding the firm’s interaction with its customers to optimize firm revenue and customer satisfaction. Knowledge management systems enable firms to optimize the creation, sharing, and distribution of knowledge. </li></div><div><li>33. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#33">25 | P </a> a g e 6. E-commerce: Digital markets & Digital Goods 6.01 E-commerce Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions. Ecommerce is often used to refer to the sale of physical products online, but it can also describe any kind of commercial transaction that is facilitated through the internet. In ‘amazon.com’ all of the buying and selling activities are done by the internet. When we purchased of goods from amazon we have to use the e- commerce process. 8 Unique feature of E commerce E-commerce has grown so rapidly because of the unique nature of the Internet and the Web. The Internet and e-commerce technologies are much more rich and powerful than previous technology revolutions like radio, television, and the telephone. a. Ubiquity In traditional commerce, a marketplace is a physical place, such as a retail store, that you visit to transact business. E-commerce is ubiquitous that means it is available just about everywhere, at all times. Like amazon.com makes it possible to shop from your desktop, at home, at work, or even from your car, using mobile commerce. We can buy goods anytime and anywhere. The result isb called a marketspace - a marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed from a temporal and geographic location. From a consumer point of view, ubiquity reduces transaction costs—the costs of participating in a market. To transact business, it is no longer necessary that you spend time or money traveling to a market, and much less mental effort is required to make a purchase. b. Global Reach E-commerce technology permits commercial transactions to cross cultural and national boundaries far more conveniently and cost effectively than is true in traditional commerce. As a result, the potential market size for e-commerce merchants is roughly equal to the size of the world’s online population. In amazon.com we can purchase or sale goods any national boundaries or any culture. We can use amazon.com from any location of this world. It is available anywhere over the online or internet. c. Universal Standards One strikingly unusual feature of e-commerce technologies is that the technical standards of the Internet and, therefore, the technical standards for conducting e-commerce are universal standards. Amazon.com is shared by all nations around the world and enable any computer to link with any </li></div><div><li>34. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#34">26 | P </a> a g e other computer regardless of the technology platform each is using. In contrast, most traditional commerce technologies differ from one nation to the next. For instance, television and radio standards differ around the world, as doe’s cell telephone technology. The universal technical standards of the Internet and e-commerce greatly lower market entry costs—the cost merchants must pay simply to bring their goods to market. At the same time, for consumers, universal standards reduce search costs—the effort required to find suitable products. d. Richness Information richness refers to the complexity and content of a message. Traditional markets, national sales forces, and small retail stores have great richness: They are able to provide personal, face-to-face service using aural and visual cues when making a sale. The richness of traditional markets makes them powerful selling or commercial environments. Prior to the development of the Web, there was a trade-off between richness and reach: The larger the audience reached, the less rich the message. The Web, amazon.com, makes it possible to deliver rich messages with text, audio, and video simultaneously to large numbers of people. We can send a message with text, audio, video about goods to purchase. e. Interactivity Unlike any of the commercial technologies of the twentieth century, with the possible exception of the telephone, e-commerce technologies are interactive, meaning they allow for two-way communication between merchant and consumer. Television, for instance, cannot ask viewers any questions or enter into conversations with them, and it cannot request that customer information be entered into a form. In contrast, all of these activities are possible on an e-commerce Web site. Interactivity allows an online merchant to engage a consumer in ways similar to a face-to-face experience but on a massive, global scale. We can also see that in amazon.com, where are available interactivity. We can learn about our goods by two way communication. f. Information Density The Internet and the Web vastly increase information density—the total amount and quality of information available to all market participants, consumers, and merchants alike. E-commerce technologies reduce information collection, storage, processing, and communication costs while greatly increasing the currency, accuracy, and timeliness of information. For example amazon.com reduce their cost for the information density. </li></div><div><li>35. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#35">27 | P </a> a g e g. Personalization/Customization E-commerce technologies permit personalization: Merchants can target their marketing messages to specific individuals by adjusting the message to a person’s name, interests, and past purchases. The technology also permits customization—changing the delivered product or service based on a user’s preferences or prior behavior. Given the interactive nature of e-commerce technology, much information about the consumer can be gathered in the marketplace at the moment of purchase. With the increase in information density, a great deal of information about the consumer’s past purchases and behavior can be stored and used by online merchants. For example. When we purchase some goods, the amazon collect our name, interest, and they store information which kinds of product we like most. h. Social Technology In contrast to previous technologies, the Internet and e-commerce technologies have evolved to be much more social by allowing users to create and share with their personal friends (and a larger worldwide community) content in the form of text, videos, music, or photos. Using these forms of communication, users are able to create new social networks and strengthen existing ones. All previous mass media in modern history, including the printing press, use a broadcast model (one to-many) where content is created in a central location by experts (professional writers, editors, directors, and producers) and audiences are concentrated in huge numbers to consume a standardized product. The new Internet and e-commerce empower users to create and distribute content on a large scale, and permit users to program their own content consumption. The Internet provides a unique many-to-many model of mass communications. 6.02 Key concepts in e-commerce: digital markets and digital goods in a global marketplace  Digital Market The Internet has created a digital marketplace where millions of people all over the world are able to exchange massive amounts of information directly, instantly, and for free. As a result, the Internet has changed the way companies conduct business and increased their global reach. The Internet reduces information asymmetry. An information asymmetry exists when one party in a transaction has more information that is important for the transaction than the other party. Digital markets are very flexible and efficient because they operate with reduced search and transaction costs, lower menu costs (merchants’ costs of changing prices), greater price discrimination, and the ability to change prices dynamically based on market conditions Digital Markets also enable price discrimination, Dynamic pricing and disintermediation. </li></div><div><li>36. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#36">28 | P </a> a g e  Digital Goods The Internet digital marketplace has greatly expanded sales of digital goods. Digital goods are goods that can be delivered over a digital network. Music tracks, video, Hollywood movies, software, newspapers, magazines, and books can all be expressed, stored, delivered, and sold as purely digital products. Currently, most of these products are sold as physical goods, for example, CDs, DVDs, newspapers, and hard-copy books. For example. Amazon buy and sales all kinds of digital goods like, cell phone, laptop, and all kind of digital goods. 6.03 Types of e-commerce The three major electronic commerce categories are business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce, and consumer-to consumer (C2C) e-commerce. Business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce involves retailing products and services to individual shoppers. amazon.com, which sells books, software, and music to individual consumers, is an example of B2C e-commerce. Business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce involves sales of goods and services among businesses. Amazon.com Web site for buying and selling of digital goods is an example of B2B e-commerce. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) electronic commerce involves consumers selling directly to consumers. For example, amazon.com enables people to sell their goods to other consumers by auctioning their merchandise off to the highest bidder, or for a fixed price.  Ecommerce revenue model A firm’s revenue model describes how the firm will earn revenue, generate profits, and produce a superior return on investment. Amazon.com earn money with six revenue models: advertising, sales, subscription, free/freemium, transaction fee, and affiliate.  Advertising Revenue Model In the advertising revenue model, a Web site generates revenue by attracting a large audience of visitors who can then be exposed to advertisements. The advertising model is the most widely used revenue model in e-commerce,  Sales Revenue Model In the sales revenue model, companies derive revenue by selling goods, information, or services to customers. Companies such as Amazon (which sells books, music, and other products), all have sales revenue models. </li></div><div><li>37. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#37">29 | P </a> a g e  Subscription Revenue Model In the subscription revenue model, a Web site offering content or services charges a subscription fee for access to some or all of its offerings on an ongoing basis. Content providers often use this revenue model.  Free/Freemium Revenue Model In the free/freemium revenue model, firms offer basic services or content for free, while charging a premium for advanced or special features. For example, Google offers free applications, but charges for premium services.  Transaction Fee Revenue Model In the transaction fee revenue model, a company receives a fee for enabling or executing a transaction. For example, eBay provides an online auction marketplace and receives a small transaction fee from a seller if the seller is successful in selling an item.  Affiliate Revenue Model In the affiliate revenue model, Web sites (called “affiliate Web sites”) send visitors to other Web sites in return for a referral fee or percentage of the revenue from any resulting sales. For example, My Points makes money by connecting companies to potential customers by offering special deals to its members. 7 Telecommunications, Internet and the wireless Technology in Amazon 7.01 Telecommunication Amazon web services: Enable agility, accelerate innovation, and bolster your competitive advantages by building a scalable communications infrastructure on AWS. Unlock the ability to pursue new, easily scaled revenue growth opportunities such as software based network functions, lot and expanded connectivity offerings, analytics and managed B2B services all while enjoying increased efficiency in your core connectivity workloads. Plus, by adopting AWS robust cloud based technology in your current solutions, you join a diverse and global ecosystem of patterns and gain the opportunity to rapidly develop, deploy and distribute new product offerings that meaningfully enhance both new and existing customer's experience. Benefits:  Globalize your offerings and extend your reach;  Accelerate innovation increase agility;  Drive efficiency with real time insight;  Pay for what you use;  Explore use cases big data and analytics digital business service. 7.02 Digital Business Service for Telecom: Share your expertise, expand your reach and enjoy benefits of scale by providing digital business services like streaming media, customer portals and loT platforms on AWS. Take advantage of </li></div><div><li>38. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#38">30 | P </a> a g e highly scalable, elastic and secure cloud services to accelerate development and deployment of your offerings while driving efficiency. With the AWS partner ecosystem, you can expand your reach by promoting your products to AWS Global customers all while reducing your capital Infrastructure investment.  Over-the-top Delivery: Deliver and monetize highly scalable Over-the-top experiences to your customers AWS Media services and Amazon cloud Front. With The ability to encode, Originate, Monetize, And deliver live and stored content to all of their device, AWS Can help extend your customer engagement and drive additional revenue.  Related Products i. Amazon API gateway; ii. Amazon Cloudfont; iii. AWS Elemental Media Package.  Related Resources If it were not for AWS and the third party content delivery network, we would not be able to provide this service as it would have cost millions of dollars in computing infrastructure. we are so confident in the availability and the capacity that we extended the services to all mobile users. 7.03 Big Data and Analytics for telecommunication: Surface powerful insights about your business by leveraging data from your operations, customer base and network. From informing retention programs and identifying effective customer offerings to developing preemptive maintenance programs for your network components. Big Data Analytics Solutions from AWS help you create outstanding customer experience. By developing a highly available, Stable And automatic data pipeline in the AWS Cloud Enjoy responsiveness agility and flexibility in your decision making by providing your data scientist and </li></div><div><li>39. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#39">31 | P </a> a g e business stakeholders with a holistic 360- degree view leveragess relevant data in real time. Plus With automated cost effective solutions for data lifecycle management, ensure your data is accessible, allowing you to eliminate the need for complicated, time intensive, on premise data management solutions for network and call data records. 7.04 Head of Telecommunications Sales Strategy and Operations: Amazon Web services.lnc.("AWS") is looking for head of telecommunications sales and strategy and operations to manage all aspects of the worldwide telecommunications vertical field operations activity to deliver timely and equal accurate business insights, decision support, strategic project/ program management and omco sales operations and own core planning processes. This is a highly visible role and the right candidate must have the ability to influence at all levels across Sales, Marketing Solution Architecture, Business Development Professional Services, Legal Finance and other Operations teams. This person will partner with the head of the Telecommunication vertical organization to define and develop the strategy to achieve business goals, while establishing a structured and disciplined management framework, holding all cross functional leaders accountable for their ongoing inputs and delivering results. They will own all periodic business reviews and the overall assessment of business performance, and where necessary, drive ownership of corrective actions to ensure organizational goals are exceeded. The successful candidate must be a strong leader and will draw upon solid analytical critical thinking and problem solving skills to effectively manage the WW Telecommunications operational concedence. The Candidate must be able to roll up his/her sleeves and work directly with the models, be detail oriented analytical and have excellent problem solving abilities. They will influence the continuous improvement of forecast models, Segmentation, Frameworks, Sales incentives, Marketing incentives, Business intelligence/ Reporting tools and other field activities to enable operational goals. He/she will have superb Communications and customer relationship skills outstanding analytic insights and be a passionate advocate for their customers through other internal parties. He/she will drive towards simple scalable solutions to difficult problems, have excellent project management skills and be able to communicate Complex Strategies for analytical results both written and verbally in a clear and easy to understand way. 7.05 Overview of Amazon Web Services Internet to things: AWS loT Core AWS loT Device Defender Amazon FreeRTOS AWS loT Device Management AWS loT Greengrass AWS loT Events AWS loT 1-Click AWS loT SiteWise AWS loT Analytics AWS loT Things Graph AWS loT Button AWS Partner Device Catalogue </li></div><div><li>40. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#40">32 | P </a> a g e 8 Ethical and Social issues of information system in Amazon Ethics are the principles of right and wrong individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behavior. Information systems raise new ethical questions for both individuals and societies because they create opportunities for intense social change. In today’s business environment, market is becoming more rapidly changing and highly competitive. This is due to the increased globalization and existence of a huge number of businesses in the market place. Amazon.com is a prominent Internet retail company in E- commerce. Its business includes Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Customer. Information systems raise new ethical question foe the Amazon Company. 8.1 Key technology trends that raise ethical issues for the company The doubling of computing power every 18 months has made it possible for most organizations to use information systems for their core production processes. As a result, our dependence on systems and our vulnerability to system errors and poor data quality have increased which raised ethical issue for Amazon Company. Advances in data storage techniques and rapidly declining storage costs have been responsible for the multiplying databases on individuals by private and public organizations. These advances in data storage have made the routine violation of individual privacy both cheap and effective. Massive data storage systems are inexpensive enough for regional and even local retailing firms to use in identifying customers. Advances in data analysis techniques for large pools of data are another technological trend that heightens ethical concerns because companies and government agencies are able to find out highly detailed personal information. Finally, advances in networking, including the Internet, promise to greatly reduce the costs of moving and accessing large quantities of data and open the possibility of mining large pools of data remotely using small desktop machines, permitting an invasion of privacy on a scale and with a precision heretofore unimagined. These all may raise ethical issues for the Amazon Company. 8.2 Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA) A new data analysis technology called nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA) has given both the government and the private sector even more powerful profiling capabilities. NORA can take information about people from many disparate sources. Amazon Company use it for gathering information of its potential and permanent customer. </li></div><div><li>41. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#41">33 | P </a> a g e NORA technology can take information about people from disparate sources and find obscure, nonobvious relationships. It might discover, for example, Amazon Company use it for keeping records of its individual customer and the transection of the company. 8.03 Ethical analysis As a company Amazon Company can use a five-step process that can help the company:  Identify and describe clearly the facts. Find out who did what to whom, and where, when, and how.  Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved. Ethical, social, and political issues always reference higher values.  Identify the stakeholders.  Identify the options  Identify the potential consequences of its options. When Amazon Company confronted with a situation that seems to present ethical issues, the company should use that analysis. 8.04 Candidate Ethical principles Once the analysis is complete, what ethical principles or rules should you use to make a decision? This question is arrived, to solve this question it is helpful to consider some ethical principles with deep roots in many cultures that have survived throughout recorded history by the authority of the amazon company: </li></div><div><li>42. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#42">34 | P </a> a g e i. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you (the Golden Rule). Putting yourself into the place of others, and thinking of yourself as the object of the decision, can help you think about fairness in decision making. ii. If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone (Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative). iii. If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all (Descartes’ rule of change). An action may bring about a small change now that is acceptable, but if it is repeated, it would bring unacceptable changes in the long run iv. Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value (Utilitarian Principle). This rule assumes you can prioritize values in a rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. v. Take the action that produces the least harm or the least potential cost (Risk Aversion Principle). Some actions have extremely high failure costs of very low probability or extremely high failure costs of moderate probability. Avoid these high-failure-cost actions, paying greater attention to high-failure-cost potential of moderate to high probability. vi. Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else unless there is a specific declaration otherwise. (This is the ethical “no free lunch” rule.) If something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work. 8.05 Information Rights of the Amazon Company Privacy is the claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals or organizations, including the state. Claims to privacy are also involved at the workplace. Amazon Company has the right of the privacy of information. Computer Crime and Abuse Though Amazon Company has the information privacy right, it can become the victim of computer crime and Abuse. Computer crime is the commission of illegal acts through the use of a computer or against a computer system. Computers or computer systems can be the object of the crime, as well as the instrument of a crime. A cybercriminal can do some illegal task which can affect the amazon company`s data and other things. Such as:- i. Identity theft: A cyber-criminal impersonates someone else identity to practice malfunction. This is usually done by accessing personal details of someone else or by accessing a company’s database ii. Hacking: The Company can be attacked by a hacker. A hacker can hack the database and can destroy important data of Amazon Company. </li></div><div><li>43. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#43">35 | P </a> a g e Moreover, as a Company Amazon has some Ethical and social issues of Information system which has some advantage and disadvantage. 9 Project Management in Amazon. Com Amazon web services is continuing to pioneer in the public sector and is seeking a project manager within the public sector enablement team to implement unique, scalable programs FOR the business. This role encompasses both designing project plans that will accelerate each initiative while also tactically implementing each project individually and alongside team members. The Successful candidate will combine a solid understanding of sales and marketing dynamics, a keen eye for detained the ability to synthesize vast information while making it usable amongst a global sales audience. This Individual will be a key member of the global sales enablement team, examining existing business practices while identifying new initiatives that would result in Time savings and increased sales effectiveness. Examples of the project that will be driven by this individual include building out enablement resource for multiple lines of resources into internal knowledge management systems and developing resources to consistently leverage internal CRM tools. The Successful candidate will be at the center of the team, will be comfortable driving results in an ambiguous environment, and will be part of the glue that helps our team operate efficiently, effectively and happily. This individual must have 5+ years of a combination of relevant experience serving sales and business development organizations and project management experience in audition ot Strong written and verbal Communication skills. Experience within public sector industries is highly preferred. Responsibilities:  For each initiative develop a project plan and communicate strategy with global programs manager and relevant leader and stakeholders; fully own end to end progress against targets.  Partner with team program managers to develop, executive, and fulfil Programs as well as develop, new Programs to meet emerging needs spanning multiple lines of business and geographic Regions.  Develop cross-functional sales enablement resources and content for global sales team while leveraging existing resources for implementation and roll out of programs.  Perform detailed needs assessment in collaboration with various stakeholders within the global sales enablement team.  Identify project roadblocks, research and present root- cause analysis, and manage resolution.  Design and implement metrics of measure impact, effectiveness, appropriateness and utility of Programs. Measure and report on the effectiveness of sales enablement investments through dashboards and quarterly reports. </li></div><div><li>44. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#44">36 | P </a> a g e  Maintain scheduled deadlines, detailed project status reports and introduce processes to optimize management of project across the global sales Enablement team.  Conduct continuous feedback and socialization efforts with team Program managers and additional stakeholders, creating a continuous improvement loop for enablement programs.  Partner with Public sector training team to educate the field and introduce new programs. 10 Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy of Amazon: 10.01 Operational Excellence of Amazon When Amazon started in 1995, it was a site that only sold books. Within a month of its inception, the company had already shipped books to over 40 different countries. Since then, Amazon has become one of the world’s largest e-commerce companies, accounting for around 44% of total e- commerce sales in the United States for 2017. At Snap Agency, we specialize in crafting data-driven solutions that position our clients for continuous growth. We’ve spent the past eight years developing innovative digital marketing strategies to help a wide range of B2B and B2C businesses maximize leads and sales. We’re also proud to provide the resources e-commerce companies need to thrive in the ever-changing world of digital. So today, let’s take a look at seven reasons why Amazon is enjoying such tremendous success. i. Innovation: Amazon’s success largely stems from its innovative technologies and practices, many of which were championed by its CEO, Jeff Bezos. Consider the Echo, Amazon’s impressive voice command device. Echo can be used to play songs, research your favorite sports teams, and even check the weather with a few spoken words. This innovative technology was a huge investment for the e-commerce giant—one that fostered exceptional results. Over 22 million Echo units were sold in 2017 alone. ii. Customer Service: Because of its commitment to world-class customer service, Amazon has developed a range of helpful tools users can employ to track packages and quickly return or exchange ordered items, bringing simplicity and convenience to their online shopping experiences. Amazon’s Customer Service team has won multiple awards for its dedication to preventing and swiftly addressing problems for customers. One of Amazon’s overarching missions is to become the planet’s most customer-centric company—and the brand’s dedication to this goal has paid dividends. Social media is another powerful tool that Amazon employs to engage with shoppers and enhance the quality of its customer service. When done right, social media channels can help your e-commerce business address customer concerns and build a solid foundation of loyal and passionate followers who advocate your brand. That’s why many e-commerce companies work with Snap’s Social Media Team to refine and grow their social presence. </li></div><div><li>45. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#45">37 | P </a> a g e iii. Execution: Amazon gets everything right when executing customer orders. They select products and services that customers want and need—and leverage distribution centers across the globe that allow them to quickly ship products. Amazon also has excellent vendor relationships that allow them to offer customers discounted pricing. The world’s largest online retailer is also ramping up plans to invest more across Europe this year, employing thousands of more employees. They’re also looking to implement brick-and-mortar stores that will have the capability of same-day-delivery via drones! iv. Diversification: Starting off as an online bookstore, Amazon now offers everything from soup to nuts. Literally. A search of the site reveals over 3,000 listings for vegetable soup. Search the term “nuts” and you’ll see over 37,000 results. Amazon now carries products in music, books, electronics, health and beauty, automotive, grocery and clothing. Business owners can contract with Amazon’s network of pros to get IT support, furniture assembly and even A/V services. By diversifying its offerings, Amazon is continuously driving reach and relevance. v. Outstanding User Experiences: A strong UX makes it easy for e-commerce customers to find what they’re looking for and move further down the conversion funnel, resulting in more sales. That’s why Amazon employs a full UX team comprised of professionals in everything from user research and interaction design to web development. These UX experts collaborate with Amazon’s engineers, product managers and executives to create seamless user experiences that drive customer conversions. vi. An “IN IT TO WIN IT’’ mindset Does anybody really remember when Amazon was unprofitable? If you’ve been around for a while, you might remember Bezos’ warning to investors that it would be a long time before they would see a return. Back in 1997, he told Inc. Magazine that Amazon would be unprofitable for a very long time. His “in it to win it” mindset kept the company pushing through new strategies until 2003—when the company posted its first profit. No matter how you look at it, Amazon has grown up from a little online bookstore to an industry giant. You could even say Amazon created the industry for total domination. 10.2 Customer Intimacy of Amazon The Amazon brand has not only built a unique business proposition (retail, cloud services, entertainment, technology), but it also dominates part of our Brand Intimacy Report and Rankings. If we asked you to think about the warm and fuzzy attributes the Amazon brand connotes, could you name any? Probably not. So how does it perform so well in driving what ultimately matters most—how consumers feel about the brand? First, a little background on what we mean by Brand Intimacy. Through recent advances in </li></div><div><li>46. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#46">38 | P </a> a g e neuroscience and psychology, we have a better understanding of the decision-making process. We now know emotion is the driver of decisions, and our rational minds retrofit our selections after the fact. Furthermore, behavioral science suggests how we feel about a brand is the best predictor of behavior. Brand Intimacy is at the heart of this new thinking. We have been studying it for several years, initially by understanding shifts and updates in the worlds of technology, marketing, and science, and then by undertaking in-depth, qualitative, online communities research to better explore and understand the very idea of Brand Intimacy. This resulted in over 20,000 brand stories across the United States, Germany, and Japan. Finally, we have completed quantitative research with 6,000 consumers, encompassing 52,000 brand evaluations in the United States, Mexico, and the UAE to validate and better understand the implications and performance of intimate brands. Central to the model are the archetypes. These six archetypes are consistently present, in part or in whole, among all intimate brand and identify the character and nature of ultimate brand relationships. In retail, the fulfillment archetype dominates. Fulfillment is defined as exceeding expectations, by delivering superior service, quality, and efficacy. As an online retail pioneer, Amazon delivers fulfillment from simultaneously tinkering narrowly around every pixel of the customer journey to broadly expanding the ecosystem of influence and boundaries of what you can effortlessly buy and have shipped to your door. This experience drives the feeling of confidence and trust within Amazon’s customers. We’ve also learned that retail brands that score well in fulfillment, the retail category archetype driver, generally have a larger percentage of fusing stage relationships with their customers. Amazon is winning in Brand Intimacy by building stronger bonds with its customers, and that bodes well for its future success. Amazon outperforms the category against the archetype that matters most, which has driven a strong 44 percent of its customers to experience some form of intimacy with the brand. By comparison, the category average is 29 percent. </li></div><div><li>47. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#47">39 | P </a> a g e By being pervasive, direct and peerless in fulfilling customer needs, Amazon has established itself as essential. It has become a new brand staple in people’s lives, something upon which they depend. Although it does not promote an emotionally-oriented brand promise, the Amazon brand, indeed, has anchored itself squarely in the hearts of its users, becoming a brand they feel connected to and that they identify with. 11 Conclusion Amazon is a revolutionary e-marketplace that is both world-renowned and extremely efficient, amazon has gone from a small company run out of a garage, to a fortune 100 company run all over the world. Amazon fulfills their mission statement every day by being a customer-centric company that offers over two hundred million products at the lowest price possible. Amazon is a very innovative company that creates and manufactures many products. They are always expanding and trying to create new ways to make their company and the lives of the customer better. Amazons biggest competition as an e-marketplace is eBay. Amazon currently leads this market by having a more organize, effective, professional, and easy to use website. Furthermore, Amazons brand personality is that they are a fast, friendly, innovative company that can be trusted. All of these traits make amazon he website where most customer choose to do their right shopping. Also, visa reward card provide many benefits to their members and make shopping on their website quick and easy. Overall, amazon has developed into one of the most important and successful companies in the world today. </li></div><div><li>48. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#48">1 | P </a> a g e Reference: 1. Management Information System: Managing Digital firm | Twelfth Edition || Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon 2. Amazon Annual Report || 2015 3. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter’s five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45. 4. Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter’s five forces model. Strategic Change, 15(5), 213-229. 5. Kara Giannopoulos, G. D., Georgopoulos, N., & Nikolopoulos, K. (2005). Fathoming Porter’s five forces model in the internet era. info, 7(6), 66-76. 6. Roy, D. (2011). Strategic Foresight and Porter’s Five Forces. GRIN Verlag. 7. Wang, X., & Ng, C. T. (2018). New retail versus traditional retail in e-commerce: channel establishment, price competition, and consumer recognition. Annals of Operations Research, 1-17. 8. Zhu, F., & Liu, Q. (2018). Competing with complementors: An empirical look at Amazon. com. Strategic Management Journal, 39(10), 2618-2642. 9. https://www.amazon.com/inc (Form 10-K) 10. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR 11. https://www.questjournals.org (volume4/Issue 11 || 2017) 12. https://www.researchgate.net (publication/261440748) 13. https://export-x.com/2015/12/11/ (amazon-sell-2015) 14. https://www.smallbusiness.chron.com 15. http://hbr.org/hbrg-main/resources/images/articels asset/hbr/0801/R0801/ 16. Medium.com/@shahmm/how-did-amazon-build-its 17. www.sdcexec.com/warehousing/article/1209673/how 18. http://research-methodology.net/amazon-value-chain-analysis/ 19. http://medium.com/@shahmm/how-did-amazon-build-its-sustainable-com-ad-88cfec7 20. http://aws.amazon.com/blog/enterprise-strategy/connected-your-technology-and- business-strategies 21. https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsiblity -model 22. https://www.amazon.jobs/ Project Manager, sales programs -job ID:768912 | Amazon. Jobs 23. https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Amazon-Business-Intelligence-Reviews-EI_IE6036.0,6_KO7,28.htm 24. https://www.datanami.com/2015/10/07/amazon-debuts-fast-cheap-bi-with-quicksight/ 25. https://aws.amazon.com/big-data/use-cases/ 26. https://aws.amazon.com/mp/scenarios/bi/ 27. https://slideplayer.com/slide/3317932/ 28. https://mblm.com/lab/stories/amazon-wins-the-battle-for-customer- intimacy/?fbclid=IwAR3QgD7MRKyL3MmwTnBxaZZBRbHfNb7iwIAdnO-vmwXlHCbYQgFoydc5oYg </li></div><div><li>49. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/management-information-system-in-amazon-inc/166580981#49">2 | P </a> a g e 29. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/?fbclid=IwAR0bpuT23sxD0Yx3OOtg_ScnZWTSM3ZzrD6VOpf_dWGrQ6anD qaGVuSdmd0 30. https://www.snapagency.com/7-reasons-why-amazon-is-so-successful/?fbclid=IwAR1LB- Wc4lDmacIRBoJnFHmv6qa0rWMs7JyEgtf6u-pMJlVXyU7iMcVvbrc 31. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)?fbclid=IwAR1NgjHOt_QRzxpTTkhWloQ0e18ZpDxro oo9CCQubV-DmNGOGQIPS6L1ruA 32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261440748_A_STUDY_ON_AMAZON_INFORMATION_SYSTE MS_BUSINESS_STRATEGIES_AND_e- CRM?fbclid=IwAR1Uz0ht9zUAyhVXej5ZMbRKK6e7XOOP53UdtmgRpBuFORrY2yxlJa0SGgA 33. https://ethicalunicorn.com/2019/01/12/how-ethical-is- amazon/?fbclid=IwAR0DuZGUyPgdSkkf3iozndjhX3_RECEDqG0RW5yTTSgWXqoOhWzHLFwCJgA </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="actions-menu-container ActionsMenu_root__4k507" data-cy="actions-menu-mobile"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi save-button" data-testid="button" aria-label="Save Management Information System In Amazon Inc. for later" data-saved="false" data-cy="loggedout-save-slideshow-button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Ricf6:" popovertarget=":Ricf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Ricf6"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv SaveLoggedOut_icon__ny9X2" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" 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Taiseen Azam","viewCount":8235},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Project on amazon","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":20,"score":0.643437,"slideshowId":"126836471","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"project-on-amazon","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/projectonamazon-181227144209-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Amazon is the leading online retailer in the US with a 23% market share. It was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Seattle. Amazon targets all demographics and offers a wide range of products with convenient online purchasing and competitive prices. 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It has a mission to be earth's most customer-centric company and values of customer obsession, innovation, bias for action, ownership and high hiring standards. Amazon faces competition from other online and brick-and-mortar retailers and must continue innovating to maintain its competitive edge.","tags":["kindle","bezos","pestel analysis"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/amazon-54417575/54417575","userLogin":"IkramKhan17","userName":"Ikram Khan","viewCount":42974},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"E- Commerce and Amazon","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":24,"score":0.637444,"slideshowId":"106006542","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"e-commerce-and-amazon","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/vikassir-180715111655-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This document provides an overview of e-commerce and the company Amazon. It defines e-commerce as the process of buying and selling goods online. Amazon was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos and began as an online bookseller, later expanding into other product categories. The document discusses Amazon's growth, including becoming a publicly traded company in 1997 and establishing partnerships and international operations. It concludes that e-commerce has made online shopping fast, efficient and convenient globally.","tags":["shopping","ecommerce","online shopping"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/e-commerce-and-amazon/106006542","userLogin":"SouravPatel15","userName":"Sourav Patel","viewCount":498},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Amazon strategic management","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":43,"score":0.635797,"slideshowId":"94755617","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"amazon-strategic-management-94755617","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/amazonstrategicmanagement-180423134248-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Amazon's strategy is driven by leveraging technology as a source of competitive advantage and benefiting from economies of scale. It focuses on offering maximum value to customers at low prices through a cost leadership strategy. 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Their values include customer obsession and innovation. \n\n2) Porter's five forces analysis identifies threats of new competition and availability of substitutes as challenges. \n\n3) Recommended strategies include leveraging social media to build a large community of buyers, introducing localized websites, and increasing research before launching new products/categories.","tags":["e-commerce","organization"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/amazon-15122633/15122633","userLogin":"varavindkulasekhar","userName":"varavindkulasekhar","viewCount":4281},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Amazon supply chain","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":37,"score":0.629354,"slideshowId":"73009096","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"amazon-supply-chain-73009096","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/amazon-170310044259-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"1. 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The good news is that there are short-term actions you can take\r\nnow and see benefits in the near term.","tags":["customer","customer relationship management","customer lifetime value"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nine-easy-steps-foraquickcustomerexperiencetuneup1/26369972","userLogin":"SAPAsiaPacific","userName":"SAP Asia Pacific","viewCount":528},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"AIIM_ASG-Automating-Information_Governan","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":29,"score":0.5152,"slideshowId":"55243102","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"aiimasgautomatinginformationgovernan-55243102","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/152b974d-e7e7-487a-8d2d-e0925f7744e8-151118092628-lva1-app6891-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This document summarizes the findings of a survey conducted by AIIM regarding organizations' information governance policies and systems. 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The model is differentiated from more common approaches that focus primarily on business intelligence (BI) tools. The Microsoft® approach incorporates BI as a component of a more comprehensive architecture that unifies quantitative analytics with qualitative assessment within a familiar collaborative environment. The integrated architecture is targeted at aligning daily activities with strategic priorities and capturing front-line observations that inform strategic planning. The MPEA is not something that educational institutions need to “go buy.” In fact, the overwhelming majority of primary and secondary schools already license and use many of the Microsoft products that comprise the key components of the architecture. It is the underlying Microsoft technologies that enable broad and impactful adoption across educational institutions because they are both affordable and familiar. This is, however, a comprehensive approach that educational executives must lead. 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Saiful Islam\nLecturer\nDepartment of Finance and Banking\nUniversity if Barishal\nCourse Code: F-203\nCourse Title: Management Information System\nSubmission Date:\n ","i | P a g e\nGroup C\nMember List\nSerial Name Student ID\n1 Jannat Jahan Mim 18FIN021\n2 Maria Akter 18FIN022\n3 Sadia Sultana 18FIN023\n4 Tamanna 18FIN024\n5 Mizanur Rahman 18FIN025\n6 Mursheda Akter 18FIN026\n7 Md. Al Mauz Alam 18FIN027\n8 Sadia Sultana 18FIN028\n9 Md. Abu Hanif 18FIN029\n ","ii | P a g e\nLetter of Transmittal\n21 August 2019\nTo\nMd. Saiful Islam\nLecturer\nDepartment of Finance and Banking,\nUniversity of Barishal.\nSubject: Impact of Management Information System in Amazon Inc.\nDear Sir,\nWe are pleased to submit our report on “Impact of Management Information System in Amazon\nInc.” under the requirement of B.B.A program (Course Title: Management Information System),\nDepartment of Finance and Banking, University of Barisal.\nIt has been prepared in accordance to your guidance and with the information of reliable sources.\nWe have tried to make the project paper precise. Our prime focus was to give a clear concept about\nManagement Information System in Amazon Inc. However, we will be really happy to provide\nmore information if needed.\nWe have really enjoyed working on the report. We got to know many new information about the\nmanagement system of an organization that will help us in future. We hope that our work would\nmeet the level of your expectation and oblige us.\nSincerely yours,\nOn behalf of Group C\nDepartment of Finance and Banking\nUniversity of Barishal.\n ","iii | P a g e\nAcknowledgement\nFirst of all, we would like to thank the almighty Allah for helping us throughout the whole\ninternship period by making us complete all the responsibilities properly and prepare a project\nreport on it within the very short period.\nThen we want to express our great gratitude to our honorable course instructor to give us such a\ngood topic for making a project paper. He gave us his helpful hand to do this project paper. His\nclass lecture and advice helps us to prepare our paper very much which was very fruitful to us. So\nwe are grateful to him. He was very generous and friendly towards us while conducting the course\nand was the person who has guided us throughout preparing the paper. His teaching method was\nreally effective and interesting.\nWe would like thank almighty for keeping everything on right track. Finally, we would like to\nthank our parents and friends, without whose support, it was impossible for us to complete the\nproject.\n ","iv | P a g e\nBona fide Certificate\nThis is to inform that the report on “Management Information System in Amazon Inc.” is a bona\nfide work of Group C, Student ID ranging from (18FIN021-18FIN029), who carried out the study\nunder my supervision. Certified further that this project paper is not part of any other project report.\nThey are permitted to submit the report.\nMd. Saiful Islam\nLecturer\nDepartment of Finance and Banking\nUniversity of Barishal\n ","v | P a g e\nTable of Contents\nChapter Page\nBackground…………….…………….……………….……….……………….……….………………………….………………..1\n1 Introduction\n1.01 Origin of the Study.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………….2\n1.02 Objective.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………………………..3\n1.03 Limitation.……………….……….……………….……….…………………………….…….….……….……………..4\n1.04 Methodology.……………….……….……………….……….………………………….….………………………….5\n2 Information System\n2.01 Information system and global business………….……….……………….……….………………………..4\n2.02 Information system and Amazon Inc.……………………………………………………………………....4-5\n3 Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy of Amazon\n3.01 Features of Amazon.com………………………………………………………………………………………...6-7\n3.02 The internet and Amazon.com………………………………………………………………………….………..8\n3.03 Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage…………………….………8-11\n3.04 Information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces…………………..…11-13\n3.05 Amazon’s Activities…………………..……………………..……………………..……………………..…..13-15\n3.06 Using System for Competitive Advantage: Management Issue……………………..…….15-16\n3.07 Managing Strategic Transition…………………..……………………..……………………..………….16-17\n4 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management\n4.01 Business intelligence…………………………………………………………………………………………………17\n4.02 Business intelligence trends………………………………………………………………………………………17\n4.03 The problem of managing data resources in a traditional file environment………………17\n4.04 Database services……………………………………………………………………………………………………..18\n4.05 Amazon business Intelligence………………………………………………………………………………18-21\n4.06 Business intelligence environment and performance management in Amazon………..22\n5 Global E-business and collaboration impact, effect and situation of Amazon\n5.01 The role of information systems function in Amazon of a business…………………..………22\n5.02 The various levels of management in Amazon of a business………………………………..22-23\n5.03 Collaboration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………23\n5.04 Technology for collaboration and teamwork…………………………………………………………….23\n5.05 Dominions of collaboration technologies in Amazon In ……………………………………………24\n5.06 Information systems department……………………………………………………………………………..24\n ","vi | P a g e\n5.07 Improve organizational performance in Amazon Inc. ……………………………………………….24\n6 E-commerce: Digital markets \u0026 Digital Goods\n6.01 E-commerce……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………25\n6.02 Digital markets and digital goods in a global marketplace……………………………………27-28\n6.03 6.03 Types of e-commerce…………………………………………………………………………………..28-29\n7 Telecommunications, Internet and the wireless Technology in Amazon\n7.01 Telecommunication Amazon web services……………………………………………………………….29\n7.02 Digital Business Service for Telecom……………………………………………………………………29-30\n7.03 Big Data and Analytics for telecommunication………………………………………………………….30\n7.04 Head of Telecommunications Sales Strategy and Operations……………………………………31\n7.05 Overview of Amazon Web Services…………………………………………………………………………..31\n8 Ethical and Social issues of information system in Amazon\n8.01 Key technology trends that raise ethical issues for the company………………………………32\n8.02 Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA).………………………………………………………32-33\n8.03 Ethical analysis…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………33\n8.04 Candidate Ethical principles…………………………………………………………………………………33-34\n8.05 Information Rights of the Amazon Company……………………………………………………….34-35\n9 Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy of Amazon…………………………………………..35\n10 Project Management in Amazon. Com\n10.1 Operational Excellence of Amazon…………………………………………………………………..……36-37\n10.2 Customer Intimacy of Amazon…………………………………………………………………………..….37-39\n11 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39\n ","vii | P a g e\nExecutive Summary\nThis is a project report based on our research of two week on Amazon Inc. The report critically\nevaluates the how service based organization -Amazon Inc. use Management information systems\nas a vibrant tool in attaining competitive advantage through efficient management and acquisition\nof information. The study involves assessment of the best MIS practices in place for Amazon\nthroughout its value chain activities. Uniqueness of MIS is being highlighted in the report through\nassessment of technology, process and the systems that Amazon use right from the initiation of the\nend user with the website till the payment and delivery mode is being selected.\n ","1 | P a g e\nBackground:\nFor the last two decade Amazon.com has been serving customer worldwide. Amazon.com was\nfounded by Jeff Bezos back in 1995.The founders vision was to build a virtual shopping place for\nbook lovers. Amazon.com brings the world largest book store to the door step of the people around\nthe world. All people has to do is search and select the desired book. It took 30 day to deliver\nbooks to the customers of 50 states and 45 countries.\nAmazon.com was a huge success in nineties.Amazon.com became a platform for the retailer and\nindividuals in 2000.Amazon.com offers their services towards four types of customers,\nconsumers, sellers, enterprises and content creators. (Annual report 2013)\nAmazon serves customer through the popular web site www.amazon.com. Now a day customers\ncan access through mobile technology.Amazon.com apps are also available for the customers.\n ","2 | P a g e\n1. Introduction:\n1.01 Origin of the study\nAn information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or\nretrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an\norganization. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems\nmay also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new\nproducts. The study of information system examines people, process and technology in an organizational\ncontext. In a corporate setting, the ultimate goal of the use of a management information system is to\nincrease the value and profits of the business.\nOrganizations under E commerce industry seek to attain core competence by creating and sustaining a\nunique process to collect personal information about customers and their purchasing trends. Management\ninformation systems aids organization and its system to integrate in an effective and efficient manner to\nbring out the synergy between the interactions of the people and information systems. MIS facilitates\nmanagement decisions at the strategic and operational levels of an organization. Emerging as an American\nmultinational E commerce co, Amazon has turned out to be leading online retailer co and offering cloud\ncomputing services. The case of Amazon reflects the successful alignment of information systems with the\noverall strategic goals of the organization. Amazon has been fine tuning its E strategy by means of keeping\nits website systems unique and separate from that of its order systems. MIS has played a crucial role in the\ndevelopment of the company on global context (Weber, 2010). Amazon has used MIS as a vibrant tool to\nstreamlines its management activities and that at the same time has ensured that the customers are offered\nwith diversified services through its MIS (Cao, 2011).\n ","3 | P a g e\n1.2 Objective of the study\n To study the Information System and global business;\n To study the Information System and Amazon Inc.;\n To study the Strategy of Amazon Inc.;\n To study the foundation of Business Intelligence of Amazon Inc.;\n To study the Global e-business and Collaboration effect, impact in Amazon Inc.;\n To study the Digital Market and Digital Goods of Amazon Inc.;\n To study the Telecommunication system of Amazon Inc.;\n To study the Social and Ethical issue of Information System in Amazon Inc.;\n To study the Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy situation of Amazon Inc.;\n To study the Project Managing System of Amazon Inc.\nLimitation of the study\n The study is limited because we didn’t get the raw information of the topic;\n The study is limited because the disclosure policy of the certain company;\n Expensive tool were needed to get the access of different web sites to collect data which was\nrarely available to us.\n1.3 Methodology\n Primary Data Collection\nAs we have work on a multinational company, so we didn’t get enough chance to get raw data.\nThough we have tried to cover by virtual survey and experiment. And as there are a very few\ncustomer of the company prevailing in our country and society (family and friends), so we get a\nlittle data from this source. Consequently we had to work mainly on the basis of secondary data.\n Secondary Data Collection\n Book: We try to relate the topic of “Managing Digital Firm’’ with the actual certain\ncompany basis. The book is mentioned in the reference part.\n Internet: Our main source was several web sites where the company itself and the other\nsurvey organizations disclose the ways of managing the certain company with the help\nof information system and we collect the data from there and make it useful after doing\nsome research on it. The web addresses are mentioned in the reference part.\n ","4 | P a g e\n2 Information System\n2.01 Information system and global business\nManagement Information Systems (MIS) focus on the use of Information and Communication\nTechnologies (ICT) in managing organizations. In the 21st\ncentury almost all organizations use\nInformation and Communication Technologies to efficiently control their operation, to help\nmanagers make better decision and achieve competitive advantage, and to facilitate seamless\ninternal and external communication with their employees, customers, partners, and other\nstakeholders.\nCompanies can use management information system to provide the product and the services of the\nhighest quality at an affordable prices and top rated customer service and help companies to enter\ninto a new markets through e-commerce. Globalization, collaboration, and integration have\nbecome the new drivers in this competitive arena. Nowadays, the main focus of the companies is\nto stay globally competitive by leveraging the capabilities of modern information and\nCommunication technologies. Many businesses have begun to participate in the global market, as\nit presents a chance for greater revenuer and larger business prospects.\n2.02 Information system and Amazon Inc.\nAmazon.com opened its virtual doors on the World Wide Web in July 1995. They seek to be\nEarth’s most customer-centric company. They are guided by four principles: customer obsession\nrather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and\nlong-term thinking.\nAmazon serve consumers through their retail websites and physical stores and focus on selection,\nprice, and convenience. They design their websites to enable millions of unique products to be\nsold by them and by third parties across dozens of product categories. Customers access their\nofferings through their websites, mobile apps, Alexa, and physically visiting their stores. They also\nmanufacture and sell electronic devices, develop and produce media content and provide easy-to-\nuse functionality, fast and reliable fulfillment, and timely customer service.\nTo complete these task there’s a great impact of management information system. As of export-x,\namazon sold a total of 1938 million product and services around the world in 2015 which is\nincreasing daily. So, managing this huge system of retailing, they need to differentiate the products\nand supplier, then take the orders of thousands of people in every single seconds via web 2.0\ntechnology and finally reach the product to the certain customer, then the benefit recovers their\nbuying and finally need to pay the employees and other stakeholders, is not an easy task. In this\nterm Management Information Systems helps amazon to do these task properly in a time efficient\nmanner. Basically Management Information Systems used for point-of-sale data collection,\nlogistics, inventory control, internal communication and each of these item affect their retail\noperations.\n ","5 | P a g e\nIn 1995 Amazon used website system and order fulfillment system separately in order to\nimprove security. By 1995 amazon has huge database running on Digital Alpha Servers. Amazon\nrenovated the entire system in the year of 2000. Company spent $200 million on the new system.\nThese systems include analysis software from “Epiphany”, logistics from “autistics” and new\nDBMS from oracle. (Gerald, 2012) For communication with supplies amazon seal deal with\nExelon for business-to-business integration system. (Konicki, 2000). Amazon Web Service\n(AWS) and Simple Storage Service (SS) are the main system developed by amazon. Through this\nsystem amazon can maintain its vast number of products and millions of active customers.\nAmazon web service has become a global platform for individual to retailers to sell their\nproducts. Through reliable, Scalable, and robust web service amazon creates a global\ndomination. The challenges of amazon.com web services are very prominent.\nThe rapid development and dissemination of new information, as well as telecommunications\ntechnology today acquires the character of the global information revolution, which has a growing\ninfluence on politics, economics, management, finance, science, culture and other social spheres\nwithin national borders and in the world as a whole. One of the most important tasks of the present\ntime is improving management processes, including the use of modern information technology. It\nis the key to performance of virtually all organizations. Effective management of the organization\ntoday is not possible without control of its information activities and the entire system of corporate\ninformation. Therefore, developed management information system is the key to success of an\norganization.\nManagement information system of Amazon was an attempt to link directly the information system\nand its development with organizational goals using logical analysis. It regularly produces\nstructured reports on various aspects for the Amazon. Its tasks are to assess the operations and\ncreate a report based on it (Laudon \u0026 Laudon, 2013). Management information system of the\ncompany is a set of interrelated machines organized in a hierarchical structure, covering all aspects\nof the company from top to bottom (Sousa \u0026 Oz, 2014). It forms the first, rarely the second level\nof information system and performs its normal function and transmits information machines of the\nsecond level (Sousa \u0026 Oz, 2014). At this level, the data is used for optimization calculations\n(Laudon \u0026 Laudon, 2013). Thus, the management information system consistently implements\nthe principles of unity and organization of information through the use of technical means of\ncollection, storage, processing and transmission of information in conjunction with the use of\nanalytical methods of mathematical statistics and models of forecasting and analytical calculations.\nAn important role in the successful sale rates of the Amazon was played by the proper marketing.\nManagement information system has helped to build a sales system, in which ordinary people\nthemselves started to promote products of Amazon. Any site owner can sell products of Amazon\nthrough their own resource, receiving a percentage of sales. Also, applications of information\nsystems in the company can be seen in the infrastructure of cloud system.\n ","6 | P a g e\n3 Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy of Amazon\n3.01 Features of Amazon.com\nThe main feature that puts Amazon.com on another level is the multi-leveled e-commerce strategy\nit employs. Amazon.com lets almost anyone sell almost anything using its platform. You can find\nstraight sales of merchandise sold directly by Amazon, like the books it sold back in the mid-'90s\nout of Jeff Bezos' garage -- only now they're shipped from a very big warehouse. Since 2000, you\ncan also find goods listed by third-party sellers -- individuals, small companies and retailers like\nTarget and Toys 'R Us. You can find used goods, refurbished goods and auctions. You could say\nthat Amazon is simply the ultimate hub for selling merchandise on the Web, except that the\ncompany has recently added a more extroverted angle to its strategy.\n Organizational Culture of Amazon.com\nAmazon.com considers itself a completely customer-centric company. In fact, it has described\nitself as \"customer-obsessed.\" The company really believes that if it doesn't listen to customers,\nit will fail. Amazon has stated that it wants to take advantage of any opportunity that presents\nitself to the company during a time of unprecedented technological revolution. Amazon not\nonly believes in putting customers first but also in ownership from its team. \"Ownership\nmatters when you're building a great company,\" the company has said. \"Owners think long-\nterm, plead passionately for their projects and ideas and are empowered to respectfully\nchallenge decisions.\"\nGetting a job at Amazon may not be easy (especially since the company prides itself on its high\nhiring bar). When making a hiring member, management asks, \"Will I admire this person? Will I\nlearn from this person? Is this person a superstar?\" While tech companies such as Google Inc. are\n ","7 | P a g e\nknown for the perks it gives employees, Amazon operates differently. The company believes\nthat frugality breeds resourcefulness and self-sufficiency.\n Organizational Environment of Amazon.com\nThe environment of amazon is a highly complex and is divided into three categories namely\nindustrial, general and competitive. Technological and global factors are the two segments that\nrank highest for amazon in the general environment. Technological has driven the growth of\namazon, which has allowed Amazon to provide its customers a wide variety of services and\nproducts at lower rates. Amazon has database containing 1.1 million books , in comparison to the\nlargest superstore that has 1,75,000 books , Amazon also offers web hosting and fulfillment\nservices to online and offline retailers using its Amazon Commerce Network. Currently, the\nAmazon retail websites have products ranging from toys, video games, MP3 downloads,\nelectronics household goods and collectible items. The company has also created a worldwide\nnetwork of customer service and fulfillment centers.\n Organizational Structure of Amazon.com\nAmazon organizational structure can be classified as hierarchical. Senior management team\ninclude two CEOs, three Senior Vice Presidents and one Worldwide Controller, who are\nresponsible for various vital aspects of the business reporting directly to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos.\nThere are seven segments such as information technology, human resources and legal operations\nand heads of segments also report to Amazon CEO.\nHierarchical structure at Amazon has developed due to the immense size of the business. The\nlargest internet retailer in the world by revenue employs 560,000 people worldwide and it has more\nthan 300 million customers globally. Amazon organizational structure integrates many small\nteams that deal with various aspects of the business. Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos is\ncredited with the introduction of ‘two pizza rule”. According to this rule, meetings should be held\nin teams small enough that could be all fed with only two pizzas. It is important to note that despite\nits large size, unlike many other companies with hierarchical organizational structure, Amazon\nremains highly flexible to adapt to frequent changes in the external marketplace.\n ","8 | P a g e\n3.02 The internet and Amazon.com\nAmazon works by both internet and directly. They sell stuff directly from them and they allow\nother venders to sell through them. Start by doing a search for what you're looking for. After you\ndo a search for the book you want to buy you'll see a link in the listing that show something like\n\"71 used \u0026 new\". If you click on that you'll see a listing of the books and the people who are trying\nto sell that book. Each seller has a rating. By this you can order which you want and by getting\norder Amazon send you by shipping system. Many items sold by Amazon.com have free shipping\nif the total order is over $25. That is not true for the other stores.\n3.03 Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage\nAmazon is a business that has gained competitive advantage through information systems. They\nbuild a strong relationship with their customer by keeping a record of past purchases and this\nallows them to recommend new products that the customer may be interested in.\nPorter’s competitive forces model\nAmazon must address the major forces of competition, consumers and substitutes, based on the\nPorter’s Five Forces Analysis of the business. It is recommended that the company must address\nthe strong force of competitive rivalry by emphasizing competitive advantage and strengths of the\ne-commerce organization.\n Traditional competitors: Amazon competes against strong competitors. This aspect of\nPorter’s Five Forces Analysis model tackles the effects of firms on each other. In the case\nof Amazon.com Inc., the following external factors are responsible for the strong intensity\nof competition or competitive rivalry in the online retail industry environment:\ni. High aggressiveness of firms (strong force);\nii. High availability of substitutes (strong force);\niii. Low switching costs (strong force).\nRetail firms are generally aggressive, and they exert a strong competitive force against each other.\nFor example, Amazon.com Inc. directly competes against giants like Walmart, which has a\nsignificant and expanding e-commerce website. Amazon also experiences the strong force of\nsubstitutes because of their high availability. For instance, Walmart’s physical or brick-and-mortar\nstores are substitutes to Amazon’s online retail service. Other brick-and-mortar bookstores and\nsmaller retailers also compete against Amazon. Furthermore, low switching costs impose a strong\nforce on the company. Low switching costs correspond to low barriers for consumers to transfer\nfrom one retailer to another, or from one company to a substitute provider. Based on the external\nfactors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon, competition must be a strategic\npriority to ensure the company’s long-term competence.\n ","9 | P a g e\n New Market Entrants: New firms potentially reduce Amazon’s market share in online\nretail. The effects of new entrants are considered in this aspect of Porter’s Five Forces\nAnalysis model. Amazon.com Inc. experiences the weak intensity of the threat of new entry\nbased on the following external factors:\ni. Low switching cost (strong force);\nii. High cost of brand development (weak force);\niii. High economics of scale (weak force).\nAmazon’s consumers can easily transfer to new firms, thereby empowering new firms to impose\na strong force against the company. This condition is due to low switching costs, or the low\nnegative effects of transferring from one provider to another. However, the high cost of brand\ndevelopment in online retail weakens the influence of new entrants on the performance of Amazon.\nFor example, it would take years and billions of dollars to create a strong brand that directly\ncompetes with the Amazon brand. In addition, the company benefits from high economies of scale\nthat make its e-commerce business strong. As such, new entrants need to achieve similarly high\neconomies of scale to compete against the company. Based on the external factors in this aspect\nof the Five Forces Analysis, new entrants are a minor strategic issue in Amazon’s performance in\nthe online retail industry environment.\n Substitute Product and Service: Amazon.com Inc. competes with substitutes in the\nonline retail market. This aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model identifies how\nsubstitutes affect the industry environment. In the case of Amazon, the following external\nfactors support the strong intensity of the threat of substitution:\ni. Low switching cost(strong force);\nii. High availability of substitutes (strong force)\niii. Low cost of substitutes (strong force)\nAmazon continually addresses the strong force of substitutes, which threaten the e-commerce\ncompany’s performance. The low switching costs show that customers can easily transfer from the\ncompany to other retailers. For example, consumers can easily decide to buy from Walmart stores\nor other retail establishments instead of buying from Amazon.com Inc. The high availability of\nsubstitutes and the low costs of their product offerings further increase the influence of substitutes\nagainst the company. Thus, the external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of\nAmazon.com Inc. show that substitution is among the priorities in the company’s strategies for\nlong-term success in the online retail industry environment.\n ","10 | P a g e\n Customers: Amazon.com Inc.’s vision statement and mission statement highlight the\ncompany’s customer-centric approach to e-commerce business. This aspect of Porter’s\nFive Forces Analysis model determines the influence of consumers on firms and the\nindustry environment. The following external factors support the strong intensity of the\nbargaining power of customers in affecting Amazon:\ni. High quality of information (strong forces);\nii. Low switching cost (strong forces);\niii. High availability of substitutes (strong forces).\nConsumers have access to high quality information regarding the services of online retailers and\nthe products they sell. This external factor affects Amazon.com Inc. in terms of the ability of\ncustomers to find alternatives to the company’s online retail service. In relation, the low switching\ncosts make it easy for consumers to transfer from Amazon to other firms, such as Walmart. Also,\nthe high availability of substitutes further empowers consumers to shift from one retailer to\nanother. For example, instead of purchasing on Amazon’s e-commerce website, a customer can\neasily go to one of Walmart’s stores, which are strategically located throughout the United States.\nThe external factors in this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis show that Amazon must consider\nthe strong bargaining power of buyers as a major factor in addressing business challenges in the\nonline retail industry environment.\n Suppliers: Suppliers control the availability of supplies or materials Amazon.com Inc.\nneeds for its e-commerce operations, such as hardware components for information\nsystems. The influence of suppliers on the online retail industry environment is outlined in\nthis aspect of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis model. Amazon experiences the moderate\nintensity of the bargaining power of suppliers based on the following external factors:\ni. Small population of suppliers (strong force)\nii. Moderate forward integration (moderate force)\niii. Moderate size of suppliers (moderate force)\n ","11 | P a g e\nThe small population empowers suppliers to impose a strong force on Amazon.com Inc.’s e-\ncommerce business. For example, changes in prices of equipment from a small number of large\nsuppliers could directly impact the company’s online retail operational costs. However, the\nmoderate forward integration limits suppliers’ actual effect on Amazon. Moderate forward\nintegration equates to a moderate degree of control that suppliers have in the sale of their products\nto firms like Amazon. Moreover, the moderate size of most equipment manufacturers limits their\ninfluence on the company. Based on this aspect of the Five Forces Analysis of Amazon, the\nexternal factors emphasize the moderate significance of suppliers as a strategic determinant in the\nonline retail industry environment.\n3.04 Information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces\n Low Cost Leadership: Amazon uses low cost leadership as its generic strategy for\ncompetitive advantage. Minimization of operational costs is the objective in this generic\ncompetitive strategy. For example, Amazon.com uses advanced computing and networking\ntechnologies for maximum operational efficiency, which translates to minimized costs.\nConsidering the nature of e-commerce, the company benefits from process automation,\nwhich is generally used in purchase processing, scheduling, and other operational\nprocesses. These benefits enable Amazon.com Inc. to minimize the cost of its online retail\nand other services.\n Product Differentiation: Differentiation is the process of adding meaningful and valued\ndifferences to distinguish the product from the competition. Amazon successfully provide\na differentiated service to consumers. Within Amazon.com’s core website, the company\nnow offers over 593,000 items within the grocery section. While this is a vast selection,\nwhere Amazon.com differentiates itself is that 74,000 of these items are eligible for free\nshipping either through Amazon Prime or super saver shipping with a $25 purchase.\n Focus on Market Niche: In 1994, Jeff Bezos after being jolted by Internet’s 2300 percent\nannual growth rate, began to think about building a true ‘everything store’ online. But he\nknew that building such a store is impractical at least in the beginning. So, to position his\nservice in people’s mind, he had to focus on a niche. How to choose a niche? He made a list\nof twenty possible categories — Computer software, office supplies, apparel, music, etc…\nOne interesting option popped out — The Books.\n ","12 | P a g e\nWhy Books? — Bezos chose the ‘Books’ category for the following reasons\n Books was a $10 billion industry in the united states in the year 1994. A considerable\npercentage of people had already been buying books through mail order or through postal\nservices — A potential customer base with a need for convenience.\n Generally, most of us would have a “Fear of Failure” while trying out any new things.\nConsumers at that time had little exposure to online buying. They had this fear of buying\ngoods of unknown quality. But books were pure commodities. A copy of a book in one store\nwas identical to the same book in any other store. So, the customers had no “Fear of\nUnknown”. They knew what they would be getting.\n That time, books were primarily supplied by two major distributors and this would help\nBezos not to waste time in approaching individual publishers.\n Strengthen Customer and Supplier Intimacy: On the customer side, Amazon.com keeps\ntrack of user preferences for book and CD purchases, and can recommend titles purchased\nby others to its customers. Despite Amazon’s arrival on the scene, existing suppliers have\nan opportunity to stand out by becoming more personal with the B2B customer. Suppliers\nthat are able to provide contractual arrangements, service agreements, better insights into\ndemand patterns, and also unique offerings based on past purchases and installations are\nable to provide more than Amazon can. This type of personalization needs to go beyond\njust the sale of the individual item and smaller traditional suppliers are in the perfect\nposition to do so.\nThe Business Value Chain Model\nValue chain analysis is an analytical framework that assists in identifying business activities that\ncan create value and competitive advantage to the business. The figure below illustrates the essence\nof Amazon value chain analysis.\n ","13 | P a g e\n.\nAmazon Value Chain Analysis\n3.05 Amazon’s Activities\nI. Primary Activities\n Amazon Inbound logistics: Generally, Amazon does not have long-term contracts or\narrangements with its vendors to guarantee the availability of merchandise, particular\npayment terms, or the extension of credit limits. Fulfilment by Amazon (FBA) is the\ncornerstone of Amazon inbound logistics for company-owned retail business. Sellers can\nalso use FBA by stowing their inventory in Amazon fulfilment centers. In this case,\nAmazon assumes full responsibility for logistics, customer service, and product returns. If\na customer orders an FBA item and an Amazon owned-inventory item, the company ships\nboth items to the customer in one box, as a significant gain of efficiency. The use of FBA\nis an optional choice for sellers and this choice makes the products of third-party seller’s\neligible for Amazon Prime free two-day shipping, free shipping and other benefits.\n Amazon Operations: Amazon operations are organized into three segments:\ni. North America. This segment operates North America-focused websites such as\nwww.amazon.com, www.amazon.ca, and www.amazon.com.mx. Sales in this segment\nincreased by 25% and 33% in 2016 and 2017, compared to the comparable prior year\nperiods.\nii. International. This segment operates internationally-focused websites such as\nwww.amazon.com.au, www.amazon.com.br, www.amazon.cn and others.\nInternational sales increased by 24% and 23% in 2016, and 2017, compared to the\ncomparable prior year periods. Loss in this segment was caused by increased levels of\n ","14 | P a g e\noperating expenses to expand Amazon’s fulfilment network and spending on\ntechnology and content and marketing efforts. Increase in operating loss in\ninternational segment was also partially caused by changes in currency exchange rates.\niii. Amazon Web Services (AWS). This segment deals with global sales of computing,\nstorage, database, and other service offerings for start-ups, enterprises, government\nagencies, and academic institutions. AWS sales increased 55% and 43% in 2016 and\n2017, compared to the comparable prior year periods AWS offers pay-as-you-go cloud\nstorage, compute resources, networking and computing services and its major\ncustomers include Pinterest, Dropbox, and Airbnb.\n Amazon Outbound logistics: Generally, Amazon outbound logistics integrates the\nfollowing:\ni. Fulfilment centers. The e-commerce giant operates 109 fulfilment centers around\nthe globe and the company uses robotic technology in an extensive manner to\nmanage receipt, stowing, picking, and shipment of products.\nii. Co-sourced and outsourced arrangements\niii. Digital delivery. These relate to products and services that can be downloaded\nfrom Amazon website.\niv. Physical stores. The e-commerce giant acquired Whole Foods chain in 2017. The\ncompany has generated USD 4.3 billion revenues in Q2, 2018 from physical stores\nsales alone.\n Amazon Marketing and Sales: Amazon marketing message conveys the promises of the\nlargest selection of products and services, attractive prices, fast delivery of products and\noverall superior customer services. Several components of the marketing communication\nmix such as print and media advertising, sales promotion, events and experiences, public\nrelations and direct marketing are used in an integrated way in order to communicate the\nmarketing message to the target customer segment.\n Amazon Service: Exceptional customer service is a major source of value creation for the\ne-commerce and cloud computing company. Amazon annual report says “we seek to be\nEarth’s most customer-centric company” and accordingly, the company offers exceptional\ncustomer services. Amazon Marketplace and Prime has two types of customers – sellers\non and buyers from Amazon platform. For sellers in particular, Amazon offers Selling\nCoach program “alerting sellers about opportunities to avoid going out-of-stock, add\nselection that’s selling, and sharpen their prices to be more competitive”.\nII. Amazon Support activities\n Firm’s Infrastructure: Amazon has a huge fraction of the effort into building the\ninfrastructure that lets a Web-scale business run. Amazon has all the scar tissue to show\npeople they know how to do it. Amazon think it’s also going to be a very meaningful\n ","15 | P a g e\nbusiness for them one day. So Amazon’s motives for doing it are very straightforward:\nAmazon think its good business.” Amazon has already won many converts among its new\ncustomer base, effectively remaking the economics of instantly scalable infrastructure.\nLosable Wang provides a compelling example of how Amazon’s services can cut costs,\nciting the virtual world Second Life and its use of S3 to manage downloads of new\nsoftware.\n Human Resources: Amazon.com has a great training for its employees. According to the\nannual report of amazon.com 2010, the past year’s success is the product of a talented,\nsmart, hard-working group, and Amazon take great pride in setting up of this team. Setting\nthe bar high in Amazon approach to hiring has been, and will continue to be, the single\nmost important element of Amazon.com’s success. However, employment levels fluctuate\ndue to seasonal factors affecting Amazon’s business. Additionally, Amazon utilizes\nindependent contractors and temporary personnel to supplement their workforce,\nparticularly on a seasonal basis. Although Amazon has works councils and statutory\nemployee representation obligations in certain countries, Amazon’s employees are not\nrepresented by a labor union and Amazon consider their employee relations to be good.\nCompetition for qualified personnel in Amazon’s industry has historically been intense,\nparticularly for software engineers, computer scientists, and other technical staff.\n Technology Development: Amazon.com utilizes technology innovation to differentiate\nitself on online customer experience. Innovations such as personalized recommendations,\none-click ordering, and search inside the book are all Amazon.com innovations. These\ninnovations comprise the virtual store experience for the Amazon.com customer.\nAmazon.com has highly customized software applications that support their supply chain\nbusiness model. In addition to using technology to support supplier collaboration and order\nsourcing, Amazon.com utilizes its core technology expertise to improve supply chain\nexecution. Execution involves the internal distribution center processes that have been\nhighlighted in this paper as well as the transportation initiatives. Amazon.com drives\ncompetitive advantage by utilizing proprietary information technology specifically\ndesigned to support their business model. An indication of Amazon.com's confidence in its\ntechnology is the bundling of its e-commerce front-end and back-end to develop the\nMerchant.com model. Additionally, Amazon.com evaluates technology to drive business\nvalue.\n Procurement: Amazon.com utilizes a Sales and Operations (S\u0026OP) planning process to\ndetermine forecasts for each product that it stores in its distribution center inventory.\nAmazon.com keeps track of its inventory position in real-time based on warehouse receipts\nand shipments. Purchase orders are placed to suppliers based on the forecasted amount\nneeded minus the current inventory on hand in the warehouse.\n ","16 | P a g e\n3.06 Using System for Competitive Advantage: Management Issue\n Sustaining Competitive Advantage: The first and foremost factor for sustainable\ncompetitive advantage is to position your brand inside a consumer’s mind. As Amazon\nbegan to sell books online, it was beginning to find ways to establish and preserve the\ndifference in a consumer’s mind as it was the next foundational step in building a sustainable\ncompetitive advantage. Amazon has been performing hundreds of activities to provide the\nchosen value propositions to customers. Amazon customized some activities such as: easy\nto return, users review, trust is earned to meet Amazon’s low price and a greater value of\nconvenience for the customers. Over a period of time, those activities became unique to\nAmazon and became a stepping stone for sustainable competitive advantage.\n Aligning with Business Objectives: It's important to realize that first and foremost\nAmazon.com is a technology company. Over the past years, Amazon.com grew from an\nonline retailer into a platform on which more than 1 million active retail partners worldwide\ndo business. Behind Amazon.com's successful evolution from retailer to technology\nplatform is its SOA (service-oriented architecture), which broke new technological ground\nand proved that SOAs can deliver on their promises. Growth is core to Amazon.com's\nbusiness strategy, and that has had a significant impact on the way they use technology:\ngrowth through more categories, a larger selection, more services, more buying customers,\nmore sellers, more merchants, and more developers, increasing the different access\nmethods, and expanding delivery mechanisms. The impact has been on many areas: larger\ndata sets, faster update rates, more requests, more services, more developers, more\ndocumentation, more programs, more servers, more networks, more data centers. A large\npart of Amazon.com's technology evolution has been driven to enable this continuing\ngrowth, to be ultra-scalable while maintaining availability and performance.\nThe biggest success has been that Amazon.com has become a platform that other\nbusinesses can benefit from. Making Amazon.com a general platform for e-commerce\noperation has been made possible through their advanced technology investments and it\nhas been success.\n3.07 Managing Strategic Transition\nStrategic transitions is a movement between levels of sociotechnical systems. Suppliers and\ncustomers must become intimately linked and may share each other’s responsibilities. Security\nand Compliance is a shared responsibility between Amazon and the customer. This shared model\ncan help relieve the customer’s operational burden as Amazon operates, manages and controls\nthe components from the host operating system and virtualization layer down to the physical\nsecurity of the facilities in which the service operates. The customer assumes responsibility and\nmanagement of the guest operating system (including updates and security patches), other\n ","17 | P a g e\nassociated application software as well as the configuration of the Amazon provided security\ngroup firewall. Amazon is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs all of the\nservices offered in the Amazon Cloud. Customer responsibility will be determined by the AWS\nCloud services that a customer selects. This determines the amount of configuration work the\ncustomer must perform as part of their security responsibilities.\nThis customer/Amazon shared responsibility model also extends to IT controls. Just as the\nresponsibility to operate the IT environment is shared between Amazon and its customers, so is\nthe management, operation and verification of IT controls shared. Amazon can help relieve\ncustomer burden of operating controls by managing those controls associated with the physical\ninfrastructure deployed in the Amazon environment that may previously have been managed by\nthe customer.\n4 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management\n4.01Business intelligence:\nThe term Business Intelligence (BI) refers to technologies, applications and practices for the\ncollection, integration, analysis, and presentation of business information. The purpose of Business\nIntelligence is to support better business decision making. Essentially, Business Intelligence\nsystems are data-driven Decision Support Systems (DSS). Business Intelligence is sometimes used\ninterchangeably with briefing books, report and query tools and executive information systems.\n4.02 Business intelligence trends:\nCurrently organizations are starting to see that data and content should not be considered separate\naspects of information management, but instead should be managed in an integrated enterprise\napproach. Enterprise information management brings Business Intelligence and Enterprise\nContent Management together. Currently organizations are moving towards Operational Business\nIntelligence which is currently under served and uncontested by vendors. Traditionally, Business\nIntelligence vendors are targeting only top the pyramid but now there is a paradigm shift moving\ntoward taking Business Intelligence to the bottom of the pyramid with a focus of self-service\nbusiness intelligence.\n4.03 The problem of managing data resources in a traditional file environment:\nTraditional file management techniques make it difficult for organizations to keep track of all of\nthe pieces of data they use in a systematic way and to organize these data so that they can be easily\naccessed. Different functional areas and groups were allowed to develop their own files\nindependently.\nOver time, this traditional file management environment creates problems such as data redundancy\nand inconsistency, program-data dependence, inflexibility, poor security, and lack of data sharing\n ","18 | P a g e\nand availability. A database management system (DBMS) solves these problems with software\nthat permits centralization of data and data management so that businesses have a single consistent\nsource for all their data needs. Using a DBMS minimizes redundant and inconsistent files.\n4.04 Database services\nAmazon RDS: Makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud .RDS\nleverages SNS to broadcast notifications when RDS events occur. As usual, these notifications can\nbe delivered via any protocol supported by SNS, including SQS queues, Lambda functions, and\nHTTP endpoints. As an example, imagine that you own a social network website that has\nexperienced organic growth, and needs to scale its compute and database resources on demand. In\nthis case, you could provide an SNS topic to listen to RDS DB instance events. When the “Low\nStorage” event is published to the topic, SNS pushes this event to a subscribing Lambda function,\nwhich in turn leverages the RDS API to increase the storage capacity allocated to your DB\ninstance. The provisioning itself takes place within the specified DB maintenance window.\n Using Amazon RDS Event Notifications via Amazon SNS\n Viewing Amazon RDS Events\n4.05 Amazon business Intelligence\nAmazon is a fast, cloud-powered business intelligence service that makes it easy to deliver insights\nto everyone in your organization. As a fully managed service, Quick Sight lets you easily create\nand publish interactive dashboards that include ML Insights. Dashboards can then be accessed\nfrom any device, and embedded into your applications, portals, and websites.\nWith our Pay-per-Session pricing, Quick Sight allows you to give everyone access to the data they\nneed, while only paying for what you use.\n ","19 | P a g e\n Discover hidden insights\nML Insights leverages AWS’s proven machine learning (ML) and natural language capabilities to\nhelp you gain deeper insights from your data. These powerful, out-of-the-box features make it easy\nfor anyone to discover hidden trends and outliers, identify key business drivers, and perform\npowerful what-if analysis and forecasting with no technical expertise or ML experience needed.\n Pay only for what you use\nQuickSight offers a unique, industry first pay-per-session model for dashboard readers, users who\nconsume dashboards others have created. Instead of paying a fixed license cost per month, readers\nare billed $0.30 for a 30-minute session up to a maximum charge of $5/reader/month for unlimited\nuse. This pricing model allows all of your users to access secure, interactive dashboards and email\nreports on a pay-per-session basis with no upfront costs or complex capacity planning.\n ","20 | P a g e\n Scale to tens of thousands of users\nDeliver rich, interactive dashboards for your readers\nQuick Sight makes it easy and fast to create interactive dashboards and reports for your users. You\ncan securely share those dashboards with anyone in your organization via browsers or mobile\ndevices. With Quick Sight, you choose from a wide library of visualizations, charts, and tables,\nadd interactive features like drill-downs and filters, and perform automatic data refreshes to build\ninteractive dashboards. Quick sight also allows you to schedule automatic email-based reports, so\nyou can get key insights delivered to your inbox.\nExplore, analyze, and collaborate\nQuick Sight gives users and analysts self-service business intelligence (BI), so they can answer\ntheir own questions, collaborate, and share insights. With Quick Sight, your users can connect to\ndata sources, create/edit datasets, create visual analyses, invite co-workers to collaborate on\nanalyses, and publish dashboards and reports.\n Embedded analytics\nQuick Sight embedding makes it easy to integrate a modern analytics experience into your apps,\nportals, and websites. As a fully managed platform, Quick Sight is designed and priced to grow\nwith you, offering an architecture that scales to millions of customers while only paying for what\nyou use.\n ","21 | P a g e\n Build end-to-end BI solutions\nConnect to your data, wherever it is\nQuick Sight allows you to directly connect to and import data from a wide variety of cloud and\non-premises data sources. These include SaaS applications such as Salesforce, Square,\nServiceNow, Twitter, GitHub, and JIRA; 3rd party databases such as Teradata, MySQL, Postgres,\nand SQL Server; native AWS services such as Redshift, Athena, S3, RDS, and Aurora; and private\nVPC subnets. You can also upload a variety of file types including Excel, CSV, JSON, and Presto.\n A Global Solution\nAs a native AWS service with customers all over the world, Quick Sight has been designed\nand built as a global product from the beginning. The Quick Sight application is localized\nin 10 major languages including: English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese,\nJapanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese. Quick Sight is also\navailable across multiple AWS regions including: N. Virginia, Oregon, Ohio, Dublin,\nJapan, Singapore, and Sydney.\n Achieve security and compliance\nQuick sight provides a secure platform allowing you to distribute dashboards and insights\nsecurely to tens of thousands of users. In addition to the multi-region availability and built-\nin redundancy, Quick Sight allows you to securely manage your users and content via a\ncomprehensive set of security features including role-based access control, active directory\nintegration, CloudTrail auditing, single sign-on (IAM, 3rd party), private VPC subnets, and\ndata backup. QuickSight is also Fed Ramp, HIPAA, PCI PSS, ISO, and SOC compliant to\nhelp you meet any industry-specific or regulatory requirements.\n ","22 | P a g e\n4.06 Business intelligence environment and performance management in Amazon:\nDuring the 21st\ncentury business environments have become more complex and dynamic than ever\nbefore. Companies operate in a world of change influenced by globalization, volatile markets, legal\nchanges and technical progress. As a result, they have to handle growing volumes of data and\ntherefore require fast storage, reliable data access, intelligent retrieval of information and\nautomated decision-making mechanisms, all provided at the highest level of service quality.\nSuccessful enterprises are aware of these challenges and efficiently respond to the dynamic\nenvironment in which their business operates.\nBusiness Intelligence (BI) and Performance Management (PM) offer solutions to these challenges\nand provide techniques to enable effective business change. The important aspects of both topics\nare discussed within this state-of-the-art volume. It covers the strategic support, business\napplications, methodologies and technologies from the field, and explores the benefits, issues and\nchallenges of each. Issues are analyzed from many different perspectives, ranging from strategic\nmanagement to data technologies, and the different subjects are complimented and illustrated by\nnumerous examples of industrial applications. Contributions are authored by leading academics\nand practitioners representing various universities, research centers and companies worldwide.\nTheir experience covers multiple disciplines and industries, including finance, construction,\nlogistics, and public services, amongst others.\n5 Global E-business and collaboration impact, effect and situation of Amazon\n5.01 The role of information systems function in Amazon of a business:\nThe information systems department is the formal organizational unit responsible for information\ntechnology services.It is responsible for maintaining the hardware, software, data storage and\nnetworks that comprise the firm' s IT infrastructure. The department consists of specialist, such as\nprogrammers, systems analysis, project leaders and information system managers, and is often\nheaded by a CIO.\n5.02 The various levels of management in Amazon of a business:\ni. Transaction Processing System\nii. Management Information System\niii. Decision Support System\niv. Executive Support System\n ","23 | P a g e\nSystems serving operational management are transaction processing systems, such as payroll or\norder processing, that track the flow of the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct\nbusiness. Management information systems and decision - support systems support middle\nmanagement. Most MIS reports condense information from TPS and are not highly analytical\nmodels and data analysis capabilities. Executive support systems support senior management by\nproviding data that are often in the form of graphs and charts delivered via portals using many\nsource of internal and external information.\n5.3 Collaboration\nCollaboration is working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals. Collaboration can be\none- to-one and many- to- many. Collaboration can be short-lived, lasting a few minutes or long\nterm, depending on the nature of the task and the relationship among participation.\nGrowing important of collaboration:\ni. Changing nature of work\ni. Growth of professional work - \"interaction jobs\"\nii. Changing organization of the firm\niii. Changing scope of the firm\niv. Emphasis on innovation\nv. Changing cultural of work\n5.4 Technology for collaboration and teamwork\n ","24 | P a g e\n5.5 Dominions of collaboration technologies in Amazon Inc. :\n5.06 Information systems department:\nInformation systems department is the formal organizational unit responsible for information\ntechnology services. It's include often headed by\n Chief information officer (CIO),\n Chief security officer (CSO),\n Chief knowledge officer (CKO),\n Chief Privacy Officer (CPO),\n System Analyst,\n Information System Manager.\n5.07 Improve organizational performance in Amazon Inc:\nEnterprise applications (enterprise systems, supply Chain management systems, customer\nrelationship management systems, and knowledge management systems) are designed to\ncoordinate multiple functions and business processes. Enterprise systems integrate the key internal\nbusiness processes of Amazon into a single software system to improve coordination, efficiency,\nand decision making. Supply chain management systems help the firm manage its relationship\nwith suppliers to optimize the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of products and\nservices. Customer relationship management use information systems to coordinate all of the\nbusiness processes surrounding the firm’s interaction with its customers to optimize firm revenue\nand customer satisfaction. Knowledge management systems enable firms to optimize the creation,\nsharing, and distribution of knowledge.\n ","25 | P a g e\n6. E-commerce: Digital markets \u0026 Digital Goods\n6.01 E-commerce\nEcommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the buying and\nselling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these\ntransactions. Ecommerce is often used to refer to the sale of physical products online, but it can\nalso describe any kind of commercial transaction that is facilitated through the internet.\nIn ‘amazon.com’ all of the buying and selling activities are done by the internet. When we\npurchased of goods from amazon we have to use the e- commerce process.\n8 Unique feature of E commerce\nE-commerce has grown so rapidly because of the unique nature of the Internet and the Web. The\nInternet and e-commerce technologies are much more rich and powerful than previous technology\nrevolutions like radio, television, and the telephone.\na. Ubiquity\nIn traditional commerce, a marketplace is a physical place, such as a retail store, that you visit to\ntransact business. E-commerce is ubiquitous that means it is available just about everywhere, at all\ntimes. Like amazon.com makes it possible to shop from your desktop, at home, at work, or even\nfrom your car, using mobile commerce. We can buy goods anytime and anywhere. The result isb\ncalled a marketspace - a marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed from a\ntemporal and geographic location. From a consumer point of view, ubiquity reduces transaction\ncosts—the costs of participating in a market. To transact business, it is no longer necessary that\nyou spend time or money traveling to a market, and much less mental effort is required to make a\npurchase.\nb. Global Reach\nE-commerce technology permits commercial transactions to cross cultural and national boundaries\nfar more conveniently and cost effectively than is true in traditional commerce. As a result, the\npotential market size for e-commerce merchants is roughly equal to the size of the world’s online\npopulation. In amazon.com we can purchase or sale goods any national boundaries or any culture.\nWe can use amazon.com from any location of this world. It is available anywhere over the online\nor internet.\nc. Universal Standards\nOne strikingly unusual feature of e-commerce technologies is that the technical standards of the\nInternet and, therefore, the technical standards for conducting e-commerce are universal standards.\nAmazon.com is shared by all nations around the world and enable any computer to link with any\n ","26 | P a g e\nother computer regardless of the technology platform each is using. In contrast, most traditional\ncommerce technologies differ from one nation to the next. For instance, television and radio\nstandards differ around the world, as doe’s cell telephone technology. The universal technical\nstandards of the Internet and e-commerce greatly lower market entry costs—the cost merchants\nmust pay simply to bring their goods to market. At the same time, for consumers, universal\nstandards reduce search costs—the effort required to find suitable products.\nd. Richness\nInformation richness refers to the complexity and content of a message. Traditional markets,\nnational sales forces, and small retail stores have great richness: They are able to provide personal,\nface-to-face service using aural and visual cues when making a sale. The richness of traditional\nmarkets makes them powerful selling or commercial environments. Prior to the development of\nthe Web, there was a trade-off between richness and reach: The larger the audience reached, the\nless rich the message. The Web, amazon.com, makes it possible to deliver rich messages with\ntext, audio, and video simultaneously to large numbers of people. We can send a message with\ntext, audio, video about goods to purchase.\ne. Interactivity\nUnlike any of the commercial technologies of the twentieth century, with the possible exception\nof the telephone, e-commerce technologies are interactive, meaning they allow for two-way\ncommunication between merchant and consumer. Television, for instance, cannot ask viewers any\nquestions or enter into conversations with them, and it cannot request that customer information\nbe entered into a form. In contrast, all of these activities are possible on an e-commerce Web site.\nInteractivity allows an online merchant to engage a consumer in ways similar to a face-to-face\nexperience but on a massive, global scale. We can also see that in amazon.com, where are available\ninteractivity. We can learn about our goods by two way communication.\nf. Information Density\nThe Internet and the Web vastly increase information density—the total amount and quality of\ninformation available to all market participants, consumers, and merchants alike. E-commerce\ntechnologies reduce information collection, storage, processing, and communication costs while\ngreatly increasing the currency, accuracy, and timeliness of information. For example amazon.com\nreduce their cost for the information density.\n ","27 | P a g e\ng. Personalization/Customization\nE-commerce technologies permit personalization: Merchants can target their marketing messages\nto specific individuals by adjusting the message to a person’s name, interests, and past purchases.\nThe technology also permits customization—changing the delivered product or service based on\na user’s preferences or prior behavior. Given the interactive nature of e-commerce technology,\nmuch information about the consumer can be gathered in the marketplace at the moment of\npurchase. With the increase in information density, a great deal of information about the\nconsumer’s past purchases and behavior can be stored and used by online merchants.\nFor example. When we purchase some goods, the amazon collect our name, interest, and they store\ninformation which kinds of product we like most.\nh. Social Technology\nIn contrast to previous technologies, the Internet and e-commerce technologies have evolved to be\nmuch more social by allowing users to create and share with their personal friends (and a larger\nworldwide community) content in the form of text, videos, music, or photos. Using these forms of\ncommunication, users are able to create new social networks and strengthen existing ones. All\nprevious mass media in modern history, including the printing press, use a broadcast model (one\nto-many) where content is created in a central location by experts (professional writers, editors,\ndirectors, and producers) and audiences are concentrated in huge numbers to consume a\nstandardized product. The new Internet and e-commerce empower users to create and distribute\ncontent on a large scale, and permit users to program their own content consumption. The Internet\nprovides a unique many-to-many model of mass communications.\n6.02 Key concepts in e-commerce: digital markets and digital goods in a global marketplace\n Digital Market\nThe Internet has created a digital marketplace where millions of people all over the world\nare able to exchange massive amounts of information directly, instantly, and for free. As a\nresult, the Internet has changed the way companies conduct business and increased their\nglobal reach. The Internet reduces information asymmetry. An information asymmetry\nexists when one party in a transaction has more information that is important for the\ntransaction than the other party. Digital markets are very flexible and efficient because\nthey operate with reduced search and transaction costs, lower menu costs (merchants’ costs\nof changing prices), greater price discrimination, and the ability to change prices\ndynamically based on market conditions Digital Markets also enable price discrimination,\nDynamic pricing and disintermediation.\n ","28 | P a g e\n Digital Goods\nThe Internet digital marketplace has greatly expanded sales of digital goods. Digital goods\nare goods that can be delivered over a digital network. Music tracks, video, Hollywood\nmovies, software, newspapers, magazines, and books can all be expressed, stored,\ndelivered, and sold as purely digital products. Currently, most of these products are sold as\nphysical goods, for example, CDs, DVDs, newspapers, and hard-copy books. For example.\nAmazon buy and sales all kinds of digital goods like, cell phone, laptop, and all kind of\ndigital goods.\n6.03 Types of e-commerce\nThe three major electronic commerce categories are business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce,\nbusiness-to-business (B2B) e-commerce, and consumer-to consumer (C2C) e-commerce.\nBusiness-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce involves retailing products and services to\nindividual shoppers. amazon.com, which sells books, software, and music to individual consumers,\nis an example of B2C e-commerce.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce involves sales of goods and services among\nbusinesses. Amazon.com Web site for buying and selling of digital goods is an example of B2B\ne-commerce.\nConsumer-to-consumer (C2C) electronic commerce involves consumers selling directly to\nconsumers. For example, amazon.com enables people to sell their goods to other consumers by\nauctioning their merchandise off to the highest bidder, or for a fixed price.\n Ecommerce revenue model\nA firm’s revenue model describes how the firm will earn revenue, generate profits, and\nproduce a superior return on investment. Amazon.com earn money with six revenue\nmodels: advertising, sales, subscription, free/freemium, transaction fee, and affiliate.\n Advertising Revenue Model\nIn the advertising revenue model, a Web site generates revenue by attracting a large\naudience of visitors who can then be exposed to advertisements. The advertising model is\nthe most widely used revenue model in e-commerce,\n Sales Revenue Model\nIn the sales revenue model, companies derive revenue by selling goods, information, or\nservices to customers. Companies such as Amazon (which sells books, music, and other\nproducts), all have sales revenue models.\n ","29 | P a g e\n Subscription Revenue Model\nIn the subscription revenue model, a Web site offering content or services charges a\nsubscription fee for access to some or all of its offerings on an ongoing basis. Content\nproviders often use this revenue model.\n Free/Freemium Revenue Model\nIn the free/freemium revenue model, firms offer basic services or content for free, while\ncharging a premium for advanced or special features. For example, Google offers free\napplications, but charges for premium services.\n Transaction Fee Revenue Model\nIn the transaction fee revenue model, a company receives a fee for enabling or executing a\ntransaction. For example, eBay provides an online auction marketplace and receives a\nsmall transaction fee from a seller if the seller is successful in selling an item.\n Affiliate Revenue Model\nIn the affiliate revenue model, Web sites (called “affiliate Web sites”) send visitors to other\nWeb sites in return for a referral fee or percentage of the revenue from any resulting sales.\nFor example, My Points makes money by connecting companies to potential customers by\noffering special deals to its members.\n7 Telecommunications, Internet and the wireless Technology in Amazon\n7.01 Telecommunication Amazon web services:\nEnable agility, accelerate innovation, and bolster your competitive advantages by building a\nscalable communications infrastructure on AWS. Unlock the ability to pursue new, easily scaled\nrevenue growth opportunities such as software based network functions, lot and expanded\nconnectivity offerings, analytics and managed B2B services all while enjoying increased\nefficiency in your core connectivity workloads. Plus, by adopting AWS robust cloud based\ntechnology in your current solutions, you join a diverse and global ecosystem of patterns and gain\nthe opportunity to rapidly develop, deploy and distribute new product offerings that meaningfully\nenhance both new and existing customer's experience.\nBenefits:\n Globalize your offerings and extend your reach;\n Accelerate innovation increase agility;\n Drive efficiency with real time insight;\n Pay for what you use;\n Explore use cases big data and analytics digital business service.\n7.02 Digital Business Service for Telecom:\nShare your expertise, expand your reach and enjoy benefits of scale by providing digital business\nservices like streaming media, customer portals and loT platforms on AWS. Take advantage of\n ","30 | P a g e\nhighly scalable, elastic and secure cloud services to accelerate development and deployment of\nyour offerings while driving efficiency. With the AWS partner ecosystem, you can expand your\nreach by promoting your products to AWS Global customers all while reducing your capital\nInfrastructure investment.\n Over-the-top Delivery:\nDeliver and monetize highly scalable Over-the-top experiences to your customers AWS Media\nservices and Amazon cloud Front. With The ability to encode, Originate, Monetize, And\ndeliver live and stored content to all of their device, AWS Can help extend your customer\nengagement and drive additional revenue.\n Related Products\ni. Amazon API gateway;\nii. Amazon Cloudfont;\niii. AWS Elemental Media Package.\n Related Resources\nIf it were not for AWS and the third party content delivery network, we would not be able to\nprovide this service as it would have cost millions of dollars in computing infrastructure. we\nare so confident in the availability and the capacity that we extended the services to all mobile\nusers.\n7.03 Big Data and Analytics for telecommunication:\nSurface powerful insights about your business by leveraging data from your operations, customer\nbase and network. From informing retention programs and identifying effective customer offerings\nto developing preemptive maintenance programs for your network components. Big Data\nAnalytics Solutions from AWS help you create outstanding customer experience.\nBy developing a highly available, Stable And automatic data pipeline in the AWS Cloud Enjoy\nresponsiveness agility and flexibility in your decision making by providing your data scientist and\n ","31 | P a g e\nbusiness stakeholders with a holistic 360- degree view leveragess relevant data in real time. Plus\nWith automated cost effective solutions for data lifecycle management, ensure your data is\naccessible, allowing you to eliminate the need for complicated, time intensive, on premise data\nmanagement solutions for network and call data records.\n7.04 Head of Telecommunications Sales Strategy and Operations:\nAmazon Web services.lnc.(\"AWS\") is looking for head of telecommunications sales and strategy\nand operations to manage all aspects of the worldwide telecommunications vertical field\noperations activity to deliver timely and equal accurate business insights, decision support,\nstrategic project/ program management and omco sales operations and own core planning\nprocesses. This is a highly visible role and the right candidate must have the ability to influence at\nall levels across Sales, Marketing Solution Architecture, Business Development Professional\nServices, Legal Finance and other Operations teams. This person will partner with the head of the\nTelecommunication vertical organization to define and develop the strategy to achieve business\ngoals, while establishing a structured and disciplined management framework, holding all cross\nfunctional leaders accountable for their ongoing inputs and delivering results. They will own all\nperiodic business reviews and the overall assessment of business performance, and where\nnecessary, drive ownership of corrective actions to ensure organizational goals are exceeded.\nThe successful candidate must be a strong leader and will draw upon solid analytical critical\nthinking and problem solving skills to effectively manage the WW Telecommunications\noperational concedence.\nThe Candidate must be able to roll up his/her sleeves and work directly with the models, be detail\noriented analytical and have excellent problem solving abilities.\nThey will influence the continuous improvement of forecast models, Segmentation, Frameworks,\nSales incentives, Marketing incentives, Business intelligence/ Reporting tools and other field\nactivities to enable operational goals. He/she will have superb Communications and customer\nrelationship skills outstanding analytic insights and be a passionate advocate for their customers\nthrough other internal parties. He/she will drive towards simple scalable solutions to difficult\nproblems, have excellent project management skills and be able to communicate Complex\nStrategies for analytical results both written and verbally in a clear and easy to understand way.\n7.05 Overview of Amazon Web Services\nInternet to things:\nAWS loT Core AWS loT Device Defender\nAmazon FreeRTOS AWS loT Device Management\nAWS loT Greengrass AWS loT Events\nAWS loT 1-Click AWS loT SiteWise\nAWS loT Analytics AWS loT Things Graph\nAWS loT Button AWS Partner Device Catalogue\n ","32 | P a g e\n8 Ethical and Social issues of information system in Amazon\nEthics are the principles of right and wrong individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make\nchoices to guide their behavior. Information systems raise new ethical questions for both\nindividuals and societies because they create opportunities for intense social change.\nIn today’s business environment, market is becoming more rapidly changing and highly\ncompetitive. This is due to the increased globalization and existence of a huge number of\nbusinesses in the market place. Amazon.com is a prominent Internet retail company in E-\ncommerce. Its business includes Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Customer.\nInformation systems raise new ethical question foe the Amazon Company.\n8.1 Key technology trends that raise ethical issues for the company\nThe doubling of computing power every 18 months has made it possible for most organizations to\nuse information systems for their core production processes. As a result, our dependence on\nsystems and our vulnerability to system errors and poor data quality have increased which raised\nethical issue for Amazon Company.\nAdvances in data storage techniques and rapidly declining storage costs have been responsible for\nthe multiplying databases on individuals by private and public organizations. These advances in\ndata storage have made the routine violation of individual privacy both cheap and effective.\nMassive data storage systems are inexpensive enough for regional and even local retailing firms\nto use in identifying customers.\nAdvances in data analysis techniques for large pools of data are another technological trend that\nheightens ethical concerns because companies and government agencies are able to find out highly\ndetailed personal information.\nFinally, advances in networking, including the Internet, promise to greatly reduce the costs of\nmoving and accessing large quantities of data and open the possibility of mining large pools of\ndata remotely using small desktop machines, permitting an invasion of privacy on a scale and with\na precision heretofore unimagined.\nThese all may raise ethical issues for the Amazon Company.\n8.2 Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA)\nA new data analysis technology called nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA) has given both\nthe government and the private sector even more powerful profiling capabilities. NORA can take\ninformation about people from many disparate sources. Amazon Company use it for gathering\ninformation of its potential and permanent customer.\n ","33 | P a g e\nNORA technology can take information about people from disparate sources and find obscure,\nnonobvious relationships. It might discover, for example, Amazon Company use it for keeping\nrecords of its individual customer and the transection of the company.\n8.03 Ethical analysis\nAs a company Amazon Company can use a five-step process that can help the company:\n Identify and describe clearly the facts. Find out who did what to whom, and where, when,\nand how.\n Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved. Ethical,\nsocial, and political issues always reference higher values.\n Identify the stakeholders.\n Identify the options\n Identify the potential consequences of its options.\nWhen Amazon Company confronted with a situation that seems to present ethical issues, the\ncompany should use that analysis.\n8.04 Candidate Ethical principles\nOnce the analysis is complete, what ethical principles or rules should you use to make a decision?\nThis question is arrived, to solve this question it is helpful to consider some ethical principles with\ndeep roots in many cultures that have survived throughout recorded history by the authority of the\namazon company:\n ","34 | P a g e\ni. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you (the Golden Rule). Putting yourself\ninto the place of others, and thinking of yourself as the object of the decision, can help you\nthink about fairness in decision making.\nii. If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone (Immanuel Kant’s\nCategorical Imperative).\niii. If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all (Descartes’ rule of\nchange). An action may bring about a small change now that is acceptable, but if it is\nrepeated, it would bring unacceptable changes in the long run\niv. Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value (Utilitarian Principle). This rule\nassumes you can prioritize values in a rank order and understand the consequences of\nvarious courses of action.\nv. Take the action that produces the least harm or the least potential cost (Risk Aversion\nPrinciple). Some actions have extremely high failure costs of very low probability or\nextremely high failure costs of moderate probability. Avoid these high-failure-cost actions,\npaying greater attention to high-failure-cost potential of moderate to high probability.\nvi. Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else unless\nthere is a specific declaration otherwise. (This is the ethical “no free lunch” rule.) If\nsomething someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume\nthe creator wants compensation for this work.\n8.05 Information Rights of the Amazon Company\nPrivacy is the claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from\nother individuals or organizations, including the state. Claims to privacy are also involved at the\nworkplace. Amazon Company has the right of the privacy of information.\nComputer Crime and Abuse\nThough Amazon Company has the information privacy right, it can become the victim of computer\ncrime and Abuse. Computer crime is the commission of illegal acts through the use of a computer\nor against a computer system. Computers or computer systems can be the object of the crime, as\nwell as the instrument of a crime. A cybercriminal can do some illegal task which can affect the\namazon company`s data and other things.\nSuch as:-\ni. Identity theft: A cyber-criminal impersonates someone else identity to practice\nmalfunction. This is usually done by accessing personal details of someone else or by\naccessing a company’s database\nii. Hacking: The Company can be attacked by a hacker. A hacker can hack the database and\ncan destroy important data of Amazon Company.\n ","35 | P a g e\nMoreover, as a Company Amazon has some Ethical and social issues of Information system which\nhas some advantage and disadvantage.\n9 Project Management in Amazon. Com\nAmazon web services is continuing to pioneer in the public sector and is seeking a project manager\nwithin the public sector enablement team to implement unique, scalable programs FOR the\nbusiness. This role encompasses both designing project plans that will accelerate each initiative\nwhile also tactically implementing each project individually and alongside team members.\nThe Successful candidate will combine a solid understanding of sales and marketing dynamics, a\nkeen eye for detained the ability to synthesize vast information while making it usable amongst a\nglobal sales audience. This Individual will be a key member of the global sales enablement team,\nexamining existing business practices while identifying new initiatives that would result in Time\nsavings and increased sales effectiveness. Examples of the project that will be driven by this\nindividual include building out enablement resource for multiple lines of resources into internal\nknowledge management systems and developing resources to consistently leverage internal CRM\ntools. The Successful candidate will be at the center of the team, will be comfortable driving results\nin an ambiguous environment, and will be part of the glue that helps our team operate efficiently,\neffectively and happily. This individual must have 5+ years of a combination of relevant\nexperience serving sales and business development organizations and project management\nexperience in audition ot Strong written and verbal Communication skills. Experience within\npublic sector industries is highly preferred.\nResponsibilities:\n For each initiative develop a project plan and communicate strategy with global programs\nmanager and relevant leader and stakeholders; fully own end to end progress against\ntargets.\n Partner with team program managers to develop, executive, and fulfil Programs as well as\ndevelop, new Programs to meet emerging needs spanning multiple lines of business and\ngeographic Regions.\n Develop cross-functional sales enablement resources and content for global sales team\nwhile leveraging existing resources for implementation and roll out of programs.\n Perform detailed needs assessment in collaboration with various stakeholders within the\nglobal sales enablement team.\n Identify project roadblocks, research and present root- cause analysis, and manage\nresolution.\n Design and implement metrics of measure impact, effectiveness, appropriateness and\nutility of Programs. Measure and report on the effectiveness of sales enablement\ninvestments through dashboards and quarterly reports.\n ","36 | P a g e\n Maintain scheduled deadlines, detailed project status reports and introduce processes to\noptimize management of project across the global sales Enablement team.\n Conduct continuous feedback and socialization efforts with team Program managers and\nadditional stakeholders, creating a continuous improvement loop for enablement programs.\n Partner with Public sector training team to educate the field and introduce new programs.\n10 Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy of Amazon:\n10.01 Operational Excellence of Amazon\nWhen Amazon started in 1995, it was a site that only sold books. Within a month of its inception,\nthe company had already shipped books to over 40 different countries. Since then, Amazon has\nbecome one of the world’s largest e-commerce companies, accounting for around 44% of total e-\ncommerce sales in the United States for 2017.\nAt Snap Agency, we specialize in crafting data-driven solutions that position our clients for\ncontinuous growth. We’ve spent the past eight years developing innovative digital marketing\nstrategies to help a wide range of B2B and B2C businesses maximize leads and sales. We’re also\nproud to provide the resources e-commerce companies need to thrive in the ever-changing world\nof digital. So today, let’s take a look at seven reasons why Amazon is enjoying such tremendous\nsuccess.\ni. Innovation:\nAmazon’s success largely stems from its innovative technologies and practices, many of\nwhich were championed by its CEO, Jeff Bezos. Consider the Echo, Amazon’s impressive\nvoice command device. Echo can be used to play songs, research your favorite sports\nteams, and even check the weather with a few spoken words. This innovative technology\nwas a huge investment for the e-commerce giant—one that fostered exceptional results.\nOver 22 million Echo units were sold in 2017 alone.\nii. Customer Service:\nBecause of its commitment to world-class customer service, Amazon has developed a\nrange of helpful tools users can employ to track packages and quickly return or exchange\nordered items, bringing simplicity and convenience to their online shopping experiences.\nAmazon’s Customer Service team has won multiple awards for its dedication to preventing\nand swiftly addressing problems for customers. One of Amazon’s overarching missions is\nto become the planet’s most customer-centric company—and the brand’s dedication to this\ngoal has paid dividends. Social media is another powerful tool that Amazon employs to\nengage with shoppers and enhance the quality of its customer service. When done right,\nsocial media channels can help your e-commerce business address customer concerns and\nbuild a solid foundation of loyal and passionate followers who advocate your brand. That’s\nwhy many e-commerce companies work with Snap’s Social Media Team to refine and\ngrow their social presence.\n ","37 | P a g e\niii. Execution:\nAmazon gets everything right when executing customer orders. They select products and\nservices that customers want and need—and leverage distribution centers across the globe\nthat allow them to quickly ship products. Amazon also has excellent vendor relationships\nthat allow them to offer customers discounted pricing. The world’s largest online retailer\nis also ramping up plans to invest more across Europe this year, employing thousands of\nmore employees. They’re also looking to implement brick-and-mortar stores that will have\nthe capability of same-day-delivery via drones!\niv. Diversification:\nStarting off as an online bookstore, Amazon now offers everything from soup to nuts.\nLiterally. A search of the site reveals over 3,000 listings for vegetable soup. Search the\nterm “nuts” and you’ll see over 37,000 results. Amazon now carries products in music,\nbooks, electronics, health and beauty, automotive, grocery and clothing. Business owners\ncan contract with Amazon’s network of pros to get IT support, furniture assembly and even\nA/V services. By diversifying its offerings, Amazon is continuously driving reach and\nrelevance.\nv. Outstanding User Experiences:\nA strong UX makes it easy for e-commerce customers to find what they’re looking for and\nmove further down the conversion funnel, resulting in more sales. That’s why Amazon\nemploys a full UX team comprised of professionals in everything from user research and\ninteraction design to web development. These UX experts collaborate with Amazon’s\nengineers, product managers and executives to create seamless user experiences that drive\ncustomer conversions.\nvi. An “IN IT TO WIN IT’’ mindset\nDoes anybody really remember when Amazon was unprofitable? If you’ve been around\nfor a while, you might remember Bezos’ warning to investors that it would be a long time\nbefore they would see a return. Back in 1997, he told Inc. Magazine that Amazon would\nbe unprofitable for a very long time. His “in it to win it” mindset kept the company pushing\nthrough new strategies until 2003—when the company posted its first profit. No matter\nhow you look at it, Amazon has grown up from a little online bookstore to an industry\ngiant. You could even say Amazon created the industry for total domination.\n10.2 Customer Intimacy of Amazon\nThe Amazon brand has not only built a unique business proposition (retail, cloud services,\nentertainment, technology), but it also dominates part of our Brand Intimacy Report and Rankings.\nIf we asked you to think about the warm and fuzzy attributes the Amazon brand connotes, could\nyou name any? Probably not. So how does it perform so well in driving what ultimately matters\nmost—how consumers feel about the brand?\nFirst, a little background on what we mean by Brand Intimacy. Through recent advances in\n ","38 | P a g e\nneuroscience and psychology, we have a better understanding of the decision-making process. We\nnow know emotion is the driver of decisions, and our rational minds retrofit our selections after\nthe fact. Furthermore, behavioral science suggests how we feel about a brand is the best predictor\nof behavior.\nBrand Intimacy is at the heart of this new thinking. We have been studying it for several years,\ninitially by understanding shifts and updates in the worlds of technology, marketing, and science,\nand then by undertaking in-depth, qualitative, online communities research to better explore and\nunderstand the very idea of Brand Intimacy. This resulted in over 20,000 brand stories across the\nUnited States, Germany, and Japan. Finally, we have completed quantitative research with 6,000\nconsumers, encompassing 52,000 brand evaluations in the United States, Mexico, and the UAE to\nvalidate and better understand the implications and performance of intimate brands.\nCentral to the model are the archetypes. These six archetypes are consistently present, in part or in\nwhole, among all intimate brand and identify the character and nature of ultimate brand\nrelationships. In retail, the fulfillment archetype dominates. Fulfillment is defined as exceeding\nexpectations, by delivering superior service, quality, and efficacy.\nAs an online retail pioneer, Amazon delivers fulfillment from simultaneously tinkering narrowly\naround every pixel of the customer journey to broadly expanding the ecosystem of influence and\nboundaries of what you can effortlessly buy and have shipped to your door. This experience drives\nthe feeling of confidence and trust within Amazon’s customers.\nWe’ve also learned that retail brands that score well in fulfillment, the retail category archetype\ndriver, generally have a larger percentage of fusing stage relationships with their customers.\nAmazon is winning in Brand Intimacy by building stronger bonds with its customers, and that\nbodes well for its future success. Amazon outperforms the category against the archetype that\nmatters most, which has driven a strong 44 percent of its customers to experience some form of\nintimacy with the brand. By comparison, the category average is 29 percent.\n ","39 | P a g e\nBy being pervasive, direct and peerless in fulfilling customer needs, Amazon has established itself\nas essential. It has become a new brand staple in people’s lives, something upon which they\ndepend. Although it does not promote an emotionally-oriented brand promise, the Amazon brand,\nindeed, has anchored itself squarely in the hearts of its users, becoming a brand they feel connected\nto and that they identify with.\n11 Conclusion\nAmazon is a revolutionary e-marketplace that is both world-renowned and extremely efficient,\namazon has gone from a small company run out of a garage, to a fortune 100 company run all over\nthe world. Amazon fulfills their mission statement every day by being a customer-centric company\nthat offers over two hundred million products at the lowest price possible. Amazon is a very\ninnovative company that creates and manufactures many products. They are always expanding and\ntrying to create new ways to make their company and the lives of the customer better.\nAmazons biggest competition as an e-marketplace is eBay. Amazon currently leads this market by\nhaving a more organize, effective, professional, and easy to use website. Furthermore, Amazons\nbrand personality is that they are a fast, friendly, innovative company that can be trusted. All of\nthese traits make amazon he website where most customer choose to do their right shopping. Also,\nvisa reward card provide many benefits to their members and make shopping on their website\nquick and easy. Overall, amazon has developed into one of the most important and successful\ncompanies in the world today.\n ","1 | P a g e\nReference:\n1. Management Information System: Managing Digital firm | Twelfth Edition || Kenneth C.\nLaudon \u0026 Jane P. Laudon\n2. Amazon Annual Report || 2015\n3. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter’s five forces framework: a set of\nindustry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45.\n4. Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter’s five forces\nmodel. Strategic Change, 15(5), 213-229.\n5. Kara Giannopoulos, G. D., Georgopoulos, N., \u0026 Nikolopoulos, K. (2005). Fathoming\nPorter’s five forces model in the internet era. info, 7(6), 66-76.\n6. Roy, D. (2011). Strategic Foresight and Porter’s Five Forces. GRIN Verlag.\n7. Wang, X., \u0026 Ng, C. T. (2018). New retail versus traditional retail in e-commerce: channel\nestablishment, price competition, and consumer recognition. Annals of Operations\nResearch, 1-17.\n8. Zhu, F., \u0026 Liu, Q. (2018). Competing with complementors: An empirical look at Amazon.\ncom. Strategic Management Journal, 39(10), 2618-2642.\n9. https://www.amazon.com/inc (Form 10-K)\n10. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR\n11. https://www.questjournals.org (volume4/Issue 11 || 2017)\n12. https://www.researchgate.net (publication/261440748)\n13. https://export-x.com/2015/12/11/ (amazon-sell-2015)\n14. https://www.smallbusiness.chron.com\n15. http://hbr.org/hbrg-main/resources/images/articels asset/hbr/0801/R0801/\n16. Medium.com/@shahmm/how-did-amazon-build-its\n17. www.sdcexec.com/warehousing/article/1209673/how\n18. http://research-methodology.net/amazon-value-chain-analysis/\n19. http://medium.com/@shahmm/how-did-amazon-build-its-sustainable-com-ad-88cfec7\n20. http://aws.amazon.com/blog/enterprise-strategy/connected-your-technology-and-\nbusiness-strategies\n21. https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsiblity -model\n22. https://www.amazon.jobs/\nProject Manager, sales programs -job ID:768912 | Amazon. Jobs\n23. https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Amazon-Business-Intelligence-Reviews-EI_IE6036.0,6_KO7,28.htm\n24. https://www.datanami.com/2015/10/07/amazon-debuts-fast-cheap-bi-with-quicksight/\n25. https://aws.amazon.com/big-data/use-cases/\n26. https://aws.amazon.com/mp/scenarios/bi/\n27. https://slideplayer.com/slide/3317932/\n28. https://mblm.com/lab/stories/amazon-wins-the-battle-for-customer-\nintimacy/?fbclid=IwAR3QgD7MRKyL3MmwTnBxaZZBRbHfNb7iwIAdnO-vmwXlHCbYQgFoydc5oYg\n ","2 | P a g e\n29. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/?fbclid=IwAR0bpuT23sxD0Yx3OOtg_ScnZWTSM3ZzrD6VOpf_dWGrQ6anD\nqaGVuSdmd0\n30. https://www.snapagency.com/7-reasons-why-amazon-is-so-successful/?fbclid=IwAR1LB-\nWc4lDmacIRBoJnFHmv6qa0rWMs7JyEgtf6u-pMJlVXyU7iMcVvbrc\n31. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)?fbclid=IwAR1NgjHOt_QRzxpTTkhWloQ0e18ZpDxro\noo9CCQubV-DmNGOGQIPS6L1ruA\n32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261440748_A_STUDY_ON_AMAZON_INFORMATION_SYSTE\nMS_BUSINESS_STRATEGIES_AND_e-\nCRM?fbclid=IwAR1Uz0ht9zUAyhVXej5ZMbRKK6e7XOOP53UdtmgRpBuFORrY2yxlJa0SGgA\n33. https://ethicalunicorn.com/2019/01/12/how-ethical-is-\namazon/?fbclid=IwAR0DuZGUyPgdSkkf3iozndjhX3_RECEDqG0RW5yTTSgWXqoOhWzHLFwCJgA\n "],"twitterShareUrl":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=SlideShare\u0026text=Management+Information+System+In+Amazon+Inc.+%23amazon+%23amazonwebservices+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fmanagement-information-system-in-amazon-inc%2F166580981","type":"document","viewStats":{"views":39010,"viewsFromEmbeds":189,"topEmbeds":[]},"slideDimensions":{"height":792,"width":612},"topReadSlides":[{"slideIndex":9,"ranking":2},{"slideIndex":47,"ranking":1},{"slideIndex":11,"ranking":3}],"user":{"id":"156271189","isFollowing":false,"login":"MDAlMauz","name":"MD Tamal","occupation":"Student","organization":"University of Barisal","photo":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-MDAlMauz-48x48.jpg?cb=1625572185","photoExists":true,"shortName":"MD Tamal"},"views":39199},"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"ad":{"fallbackText":"Ad for Scribd subscription","label":"Ad","close":"Close Ad","dismiss_in":"Dismiss in","ad_info_title":"Why are you seeing this?","ad_info_description":"We use ads to keep content free and accessible for everyone. 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