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<span>Summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_energy_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_energy_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Primary energy production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Primary_energy_production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Primary energy production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Primary_energy_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fossil_fuels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_fuels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fossil fuels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil_fuels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Coal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Natural gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petroleum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petroleum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Petroleum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petroleum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nuclear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Renewables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biomass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biomass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Biomass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biomass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geothermal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geothermal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Geothermal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geothermal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Hydro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Solar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Wind</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_energy_consumption" 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electricity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electricity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grid_capacity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grid_capacity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Grid capacity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grid_capacity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Generation_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generation_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Generation by state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generation_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Electric consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_energy_consumption_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/US_energy_consumption_2023.png/260px-US_energy_consumption_2023.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/US_energy_consumption_2023.png/390px-US_energy_consumption_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/US_energy_consumption_2023.png/520px-US_energy_consumption_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption> US energy consumption in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_1.3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_1.3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Energy in the United States</b> is obtained from a diverse portfolio of sources, although the majority came from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a> in 2023, as 38% of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Energy_development" title="Energy development">energy</a> originated from <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, 36% from <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, and 9% from <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>. Electricity from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> supplied 9% and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> supplied 9%, which includes <a href="/wiki/Biomass_(energy)" title="Biomass (energy)">biomass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">geothermal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Facts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Facts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_1.3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_1.3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Energy figures are measured in <a href="/wiki/BTU" class="mw-redirect" title="BTU">BTU</a>, with 1 BTU equal to 1.055 <a href="/wiki/Joule#Multiples" title="Joule">kJ</a> and 1 quadrillion BTU (1 <a href="/wiki/Quad_(unit)" title="Quad (unit)">quad</a>) equal to 1.055 EJ. Because BTU is a unit of <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a>, sources that generate electricity directly are multiplied by a conversion factor to equate them with sources that use a <a href="/wiki/Heat_engine" title="Heat engine">heat engine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States was the second-largest energy producer and consumer in 2021 after <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country had a per capita energy consumption of 295 million BTU (311 GJ), ranking it tenth in the world behind <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Norway" title="Energy in Norway">Norway</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arabian nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumption in 2023 was mostly for industry (33%) and transportation (30%), with use in homes (20%) and commercial buildings (17%) making up the remainder.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_2.1a_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_2.1a-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_2.1b_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_2.1b-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States' portion of the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_grid_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical grid in North America">electrical grid in North America</a> had a <a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">nameplate capacity</a> of 1,280 <a href="/wiki/Watt#Gigawatt" title="Watt">GW</a><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Electric_4.3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Electric_4.3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and produced 4,029 <a href="/wiki/TWh" class="mw-redirect" title="TWh">TWh</a><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2023, using 34% of primary energy to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country is the second-largest producer and consumer of electricity, behind China.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural gas overtook coal as the dominant source for electric generation in 2016. Coal was overtaken by nuclear for the first time in 2020 and by renewables in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percap.png/350px-US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percap.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percap.png/525px-US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percap.png/700px-US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percap.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Per capita energy use by source</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percent.png/350px-US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percent.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percent.png/525px-US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percent.png/700px-US_Energy_Consumption_historical_percent.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The percentage of energy use by source</figcaption></figure> <p>From its founding until the late 19th century, population and energy use in the United States both increased by about 3% per year,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_D1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_D1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in a relatively constant per capita energy use of 100 million BTU. <a href="/wiki/Wood_fuel" title="Wood fuel">Wood</a> made up the majority of this until near the end of the 1800s, meaning the average American burned eight tons of wood each year.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_the_United_States" title="Industrial Revolution in the United States">Industrial Revolution in the United States</a> saw an increased use of <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>. By the late 1800s, it surpassed wood as the major source of energy, as it was cheaper for those living in cities. Lighting, heating and transportation could all be fueled by coal.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1925 and 1975, coal use was more stagnant, although it dominated the growing electricity sector.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> took its place, as car ownership doubled in the two decades <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States#Post-World_War_II_prosperity:_1945–1973" title="Economic history of the United States">after the war</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_pipeline_system_in_the_United_States" title="Natural gas pipeline system in the United States">the number of pipelines</a> rose dramatically.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first half of the 20th century, per capita energy use doubled to 200 million BTU, and reached 300 million BTU by the late 60s. After a peak of 360 million BTU in 1979, per capita consumption generally declined, and dipped below 300 million BTU in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.7_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison, the world average increased from 68 to 74 million BTU (72 to 78 GJ) per person between 1980 and 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domestic oil production peaked in 1970 and did not recover for 40 years. However, <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> imports allowed consumption to double. Oil represented the vast majority of net imports during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Imports_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Imports-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increased reliance on imported oil coincided with the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>. </p><p>Total imports peaked in 2005, when they represented 30% of total consumption. A consistent decline occurred over the next 15 years, as oil production doubled and domestic use receded. This allowed the United States to be a net exporter of energy for the first time in 70 years. As of 2021, the US net exports 3.9% of energy production.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Imports_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Imports-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 2010, many other trends began to reverse. By 2020, improvements in <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a> had allowed <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> production to increase by more than half,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while coal decreased by half. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewables</a> in the 20th century consisted mainly of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydro</a> and wood. Hydro power had been relatively constant since 1970, while wood saw a bump in 1980. Between 2000 and 2020, wind, solar and biofuels increased by a factor of ten. By 2020, wind had surpassed hydro, and biofuels had surpassed wood.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Renewable_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Renewable-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="26%" valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>US energy consumption<br />by source (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Facts_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Facts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Source</th> <th>% of source </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nuclear 8% </th> <td>100% Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th>Renewable<br />12% </th> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>6.9% Residential<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>2.6% Commercial<br />19.6% Industrial<br />12.3% Transport<br />58.6% Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Natural gas</span><br />32% </th> <td>15.4% Residential<br /><span class="nowrap">10.8% Commercial</span><br />33.4% Industrial<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>3.9% Transport<br />36.5% Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th>Coal<br />11% </th> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>0.1% Commercial<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>9.8% Industrial<br />90.0% Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th>Petroleum<br />36% </th> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>2.6% Residential<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>2.4% Commercial<br />25.0% Industrial<br />69.3% Transport<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>0.6% Electricity </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="48%" valign="top" align="center"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>US electricity<br />by source and sector (2021) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Source</th> <th>Electricity</th> <th>Sector </th></tr> <tr> <td>22.2% Nuclear<br />19.5% Renewable<br />31.7% Natural gas<br />26.0% Coal<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>0.6% Petroleum </td> <th> <p>Sales<br />35% </p><p>Losses<br />65% </p> </th> <td>38.9% Residential<br />34.9% Commercial<br />26.0% Industrial<br />0.02% Transport </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Energy_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/US_Energy_2022.png/390px-US_Energy_2022.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/US_Energy_2022.png/585px-US_Energy_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/US_Energy_2022.png/780px-US_Energy_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="1887" /></a><figcaption> US energy flow, 2022. Note the loss of waste energy due to the nature of <a href="/wiki/Heat_engine" title="Heat engine">heat engines</a>.</figcaption></figure> </td> <td width="26%" valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>US energy consumption<br />by sector (2021) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sector</th> <th>% of sector </th></tr> <tr> <th>Residential<br />21% </th> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>4.0% Renewable<br /><span class="nowrap">23.5% Natural gas</span><br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>4.5% Petroleum<br />68.0% Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th>Commercial<br />18% </th> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>1.8% Renewable<br />19.7% Natural gas<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>0.1% Coal<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>4.8% Petroleum<br />73.6% Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th>Industrial<br />33% </th> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>7.3% Renewable<br />32.6% Natural gas<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>3.2% Coal<br />27.2% Petroleum<br />29.7% Electricity </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transport <br /><span class="nowrap">  </span>28%<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Transport_Explained_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Transport_Explained-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span>5.5% Renewable<br /><span class="nowrap"> </span>4.5% Natural gas<br />89.8% Petroleum<br />0.2% Electricity </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_energy_production">Primary energy production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Primary energy production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_energy_production_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US_energy_production_2023.png/260px-US_energy_production_2023.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US_energy_production_2023.png/390px-US_energy_production_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US_energy_production_2023.png/520px-US_energy_production_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption> US energy production in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The United States is the world's second-largest producer of energy. It produces 16% of the world's energy, about three-fourths as much as China.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2019, the country has been a net exporter of energy. In 2023, 102.8 quads were produced and net exports were 7.6% of production.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Imports_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Imports-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_fuels">Fossil fuels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fossil fuels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">Fossil fuels</a> have long produced most energy in the US, accounting for 84% of total production<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 60% of electric generation as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although costs for some fossil fuels are declining, renewables are becoming cheaper faster.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, use of fossil fuels has remained near 80% for the past 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vast majority of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">carbon emissions</a> in the US came from fossil fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest sources for carbon pollution from energy were petroleum (46%), natural gas (35%) and coal (19%),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of petroleum, motor gasoline (21%) and diesel (12%) were the largest contributors. As gas has been replacing coal, emissions from the two combined have declined from a peak in 2008, down 25% as of 2021. During the same time frame, petroleum declined by only 17%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coal">Coal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coal_power_in_the_United_States" title="Coal power in the United States">Coal power in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_coal-fired_power_stations_in_the_United_States" title="List of coal-fired power stations in the United States">List of coal-fired power stations in the United States</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a> made up 11% of production in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90% of which went to producing electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coal <a href="/wiki/Electrification" title="Electrification">electrified</a> rapidly throughout the 50s, 60s and 70s and half of annual electricity was from coal until the 2010s. Coal peaked in 2006, when it represented a third of total energy production. During the 2010s it underwent a steady decline, mostly being replaced by natural gas. In contrast, net exports have remained near 2 quads in the same time period, but this now amounts to 17% of total production.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.4c_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.4c-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decline of coal has many factors, including the aforementioned rise of natural gas, the closing of old plants, and environmental regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coal supply has not become an issue, as the US has the largest coal reserve in the world, 40% larger than Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first DC plant in the US was a coal plant in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, opened in 1882. The first AC plant was a coal plant in <a href="/wiki/Ehrenfeld,_Pennsylvania" title="Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania">Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania</a>, opened in 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the largest plants still operating is the <a href="/wiki/James_H._Miller_Jr._Electric_Generating_Plant" title="James H. Miller Jr. Electric Generating Plant">James H. Miller Jr. Electric Generating Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Jefferson,_Alabama" title="West Jefferson, Alabama">West Jefferson, Alabama</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and among the oldest is the James E. Rogers Energy Complex in <a href="/wiki/Mooresboro,_North_Carolina" title="Mooresboro, North Carolina">Mooresboro, North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natural_gas">Natural gas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Natural gas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_the_United_States" title="Natural gas in the United States">Natural gas in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_gas-fired_power_stations_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of natural gas-fired power stations in the United States">List of natural gas-fired power stations in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Natural_Gas.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/US_Natural_Gas.webp/220px-US_Natural_Gas.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/US_Natural_Gas.webp/330px-US_Natural_Gas.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/US_Natural_Gas.webp/440px-US_Natural_Gas.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="5946" data-file-height="2066" /></a><figcaption>US natural gas production, imports, and exports</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_gas_production_and_price.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Natural_gas_production_and_price.webp/220px-Natural_gas_production_and_price.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Natural_gas_production_and_price.webp/330px-Natural_gas_production_and_price.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Natural_gas_production_and_price.webp/440px-Natural_gas_production_and_price.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="5533" data-file-height="1425" /></a><figcaption>Natural gas production by field</figcaption></figure> <p>Dry <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> was 36% of production in 2021, making it the largest source of energy in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the largest electricity source, making up 38% of generation.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural gas surpassed coal for production in 2011 and for generation in 2016. Between 2006 and 2022, the US has gone from net importing 4 quads of natural gas to exporting 4 quads.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.4c_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.4c-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States has been the world's largest producer of natural gas since 2011, when it surpassed <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. However, the US ranks 7th in proven reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences in supply explain why gas is cheaper in the US than it is in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the largest natural gas power plants in the US is <a href="/wiki/West_County_Energy_Center" title="West County Energy Center">West County Energy Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach County, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> had the first natural gas distributor in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_liquids" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas liquids">Natural gas liquids</a> are liquid hydrocarbons obtained from natural gas fields. Production has tripled from 2000 to 2022, now making up 9% of fossil fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US leads the world in NGL production, ahead of Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2023-24 winter heating season in the United States, natural gas inventories ended at 2,290 billion cubic feet (Bcf), 39% above the five-year average, due to mild weather resulting in reduced consumption. Withdrawals from storage were approximately 1,500 Bcf, lower than the usual 2,000 Bcf. By March 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hub" title="Henry Hub">Henry Hub</a> spot price had decreased to $1.50 per million British thermal units (MMBtu), significantly below the forecasted $3.10/MMBtu, with expectations of prices staying below $2.00/MMBtu until the second half of 2024, averaging $2.20/MMBtu for the year<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Petroleum">Petroleum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Petroleum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_the_United_States" title="Petroleum in the United States">Petroleum in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_oil_production,_imports,_%26_exports.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/US_oil_production%2C_imports%2C_%26_exports.webp/220px-US_oil_production%2C_imports%2C_%26_exports.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/US_oil_production%2C_imports%2C_%26_exports.webp/330px-US_oil_production%2C_imports%2C_%26_exports.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/US_oil_production%2C_imports%2C_%26_exports.webp/440px-US_oil_production%2C_imports%2C_%26_exports.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="6164" data-file-height="1813" /></a><figcaption>US oil production, imports, and exports</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">Crude oil</a> made up 24% of production in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil has more than doubled from a slump in the early 2000s, even surpassing its previous peak in 1970. Imports have declined during the same time period, but the US still net imports 20% of consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.4c_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.4c-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US has been the largest producer of crude oil since 2018, ahead of Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Texas produces far more oil than any other state.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. oil and gas production was higher at the end of both the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> administrations compared to the beginning of their terms. Oil and gas constitute the majority of energy consumption in the United States. This production not only enhances energy security but also helps maintain lower prices. However, the combustion of oil and gas significantly contributes to climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear">Nuclear</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nuclear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WSUReactorCore.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WSUReactorCore.JPG/220px-WSUReactorCore.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WSUReactorCore.JPG/330px-WSUReactorCore.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WSUReactorCore.JPG/440px-WSUReactorCore.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Cherenkov radiation</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">Nuclear power in the United States</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a> was 8.3% of total production<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 18.8% of electric generation<sup id="cite_ref-Electric_3.1.A_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electric_3.1.A-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2021. Seven states made up half the total: <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> (12%), <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (10%), <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> (7%), <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> (6%), <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (6%), <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (5%) and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> (5%). </p><p>The US generated 772 TWh of nuclear power in 2022, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_China" title="Nuclear power in China">China</a> (395 TWh) and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Nuclear power in France">France</a> (282 TWh). However, nuclear power constitutes a much smaller percentage of total power generation (18%) when compared to France (63%).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nuclear had significant growth from the 70s through the 90s, but has stagnated since.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cessation of new nuclear plant construction coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">accident at Three Mile Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Future growth may come from smaller reactors.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the largest nuclear plants in the US are <a href="/wiki/Grand_Gulf_Nuclear_Station" title="Grand Gulf Nuclear Station">Grand Gulf</a> in <a href="/wiki/Claiborne_County,_Mississippi" title="Claiborne County, Mississippi">Claiborne County, Mississippi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peach_Bottom_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Peach Bottom Nuclear Generating Station">Peach Bottom</a> in <a href="/wiki/York_County,_Pennsylvania" title="York County, Pennsylvania">York County, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest reactor still in commercial operation is <a href="/wiki/Nine_Mile_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine Mile Point">Nine Mile Point</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scriba,_New_York" title="Scriba, New York">Scriba, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewables">Renewables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Renewables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Energy_Production_2021_Renewable.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_Energy_Production_2021_Renewable.png/220px-US_Energy_Production_2021_Renewable.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_Energy_Production_2021_Renewable.png/330px-US_Energy_Production_2021_Renewable.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_Energy_Production_2021_Renewable.png/440px-US_Energy_Production_2021_Renewable.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Renewable energy sources, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable energy in the United States</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a> in the United States accounted for 12.5% of the total production in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 20.7% of electric generation.<sup id="cite_ref-Electric_3.1.A_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electric_3.1.A-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The category has seen rapid growth, doubling in total output between 2000 and 2020. They have exceeded nuclear since 2011 and surpassed coal in 2020 for the first time since wood fuel fell out of use.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Renewables are expected to continue growing.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because many of these are <a href="/wiki/Variable_renewable_energy" title="Variable renewable energy">variable renewable energy</a>, there are plans for considerable growth in <a href="/wiki/Battery_storage_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery storage power station">battery storage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biomass">Biomass</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Biomass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_the_United_States" title="Biofuel in the United States">Biofuel in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincolnway_Energy_ethanol_plant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lincolnway_Energy_ethanol_plant.jpg/220px-Lincolnway_Energy_ethanol_plant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lincolnway_Energy_ethanol_plant.jpg/330px-Lincolnway_Energy_ethanol_plant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lincolnway_Energy_ethanol_plant.jpg/440px-Lincolnway_Energy_ethanol_plant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption> An ethanol plant in <a href="/wiki/Nevada,_Iowa" title="Nevada, Iowa">Nevada, Iowa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WOOD_CHIP_BURNER_AT_NIGHT_-_NARA_-_543002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/WOOD_CHIP_BURNER_AT_NIGHT_-_NARA_-_543002.jpg/220px-WOOD_CHIP_BURNER_AT_NIGHT_-_NARA_-_543002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/WOOD_CHIP_BURNER_AT_NIGHT_-_NARA_-_543002.jpg/330px-WOOD_CHIP_BURNER_AT_NIGHT_-_NARA_-_543002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/WOOD_CHIP_BURNER_AT_NIGHT_-_NARA_-_543002.jpg/440px-WOOD_CHIP_BURNER_AT_NIGHT_-_NARA_-_543002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2034" /></a><figcaption> Wood burner in <a href="/wiki/Scotia,_California" title="Scotia, California">Scotia, California</a> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(energy)" title="Biomass (energy)">Biomass</a> made up 5% of total production and 38% of renewables in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_1.2_22-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_1.2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 49% of this was <a href="/wiki/Biofuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Biofuels">biofuels</a>, 43% was <a href="/wiki/Wood_fuel" title="Wood fuel">wood</a>, and 8% was <a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste#Energy_generation" title="Municipal solid waste">waste</a> and other biomass. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> made up the majority of biofuels in 2022, while <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a> and renewable diesel made up about 16%. For ethanol, about 40% of the available energy is lost or diverted to co-products during the manufacturing process,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the equivalent of 20% is used to power and run the equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 45% of domestic corn output goes toward producing ethanol.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US led the world in ethanol production in 2021, producing more than half of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US is a net exporter of biofuels. </p><p>Use of biofuels increased by a factor of 10 between 2000 and 2020, eventually exceeding wood.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Renewable_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Renewable-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The desire for ethanol originated from the need to replace <a href="/wiki/Methyl_tert-butyl_ether" title="Methyl tert-butyl ether">methyl tert-butyl ether</a>, which was contaminating groundwater.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act of 2005</a> mandated an increased use of ethanol.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> sold in the US contains up to 10% ethanol.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Industry uses two-thirds of the wood fuel in the US, while the residential sector uses about a quarter. <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_lumber_industry_in_the_United_States" title="History of the lumber industry in the United States">Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">paper</a> factories use wood waste on-site to reduce their energy costs. About 9% of homes used <a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">firewood</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wood made up the majority of energy consumption until near the end of the 1800s, after which it declined in total use for several decades, to about half its peak.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_D1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_D1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 80s saw the first significant increase in over a century, of about 65%, before declining again by the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Renewable_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Renewable-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geothermal">Geothermal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geothermal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McGinness_Hills_1%262_Snow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/McGinness_Hills_1%262_Snow.jpg/220px-McGinness_Hills_1%262_Snow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/McGinness_Hills_1%262_Snow.jpg/330px-McGinness_Hills_1%262_Snow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/McGinness_Hills_1%262_Snow.jpg/440px-McGinness_Hills_1%262_Snow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3814" data-file-height="2724" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/McGinness_Hills_Geothermal_Complex" title="McGinness Hills Geothermal Complex">McGinness Hills</a> in Nevada</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Geothermal energy in the United States">Geothermal energy in the United States</a></div> <p>Two-thirds of the <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">geothermal energy</a> in the US in 2021 was electric, with the remainder being direct use and heat pumps.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Renewable_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Renewable-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">Geothermal power</a> made up 2% of renewable generation,<sup id="cite_ref-Electric_3.1.A_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electric_3.1.A-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 70% of which came from California.<sup id="cite_ref-State_Electric_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Electric-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Geysers" title="The Geysers">The Geysers</a> is the largest complex of geothermal energy production in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US ranks first in geothermal capacity, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IRENA_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRENA-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hydro">Hydro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hydro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg/220px-Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg/330px-Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg/440px-Grand_Coulee_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam" title="Grand Coulee Dam">Grand Coulee Dam</a> in Washington</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectricity in the United States">Hydroelectricity in the United States</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">Hydro</a> made up 6% of electric generation and 29% of renewable generation in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Electric_3.1.A_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electric_3.1.A-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three states made up over half of the total: <a href="/wiki/Washington_(State)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (State)">Washington</a> (29%), <a href="/wiki/New_York_(State)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York (State)">New York</a> (12%) and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> (11%).<sup id="cite_ref-State_Electric_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Electric-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall 246 TWh were generated across 1,449 conventional plants and 40 <a href="/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity" title="Pumped-storage hydroelectricity">pumped storage</a> plants.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Electric_4.1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Electric_4.1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, the US was fourth in the world in total hydroelectric generation behind Canada and Brazil, each generating over 350 TWh. China produced the most, with an estimated 1,300 TWh.<sup id="cite_ref-IRENA_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRENA-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hydro has been used in the US since 1880 when it powered the Wolverine Chair factory in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydro_explained_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydro_explained-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1950, 29% of total electricity production came from hydro, as it produced 96 TWh.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hydro generation had tripled by the 70s, but has not consistently grown since. Hydro has had large flucuations from year to year: for example in 2010, generation jumped from 253 to 311 TWh the next year, before dropping to 269 TWh the year after that. While hydro has maintained generation in the 200 to 350 TWh range for the past few decades, its share of the total has declined as other sources have risen. Since 2019, wind power has exceeded hydro as the largest renewable electricity source.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 132 years old, the plant in <a href="/wiki/Whiting,_Wisconsin" title="Whiting, Wisconsin">Whiting, Wisconsin</a> is the oldest power plant still running in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydro_explained_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydro_explained-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam" title="Grand Coulee Dam">Grand Coulee Dam</a> is the largest plant <a href="/wiki/List_of_hydroelectric_power_stations_in_the_United_States" title="List of hydroelectric power stations in the United States">for hydro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_power_stations_in_the_United_States" title="List of largest power stations in the United States">in general</a> in the US, and the fifth-largest hydro plant <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_hydroelectric_power_stations" title="List of largest hydroelectric power stations">in the world</a>. Built in Washington in 1942, it continues to operate with a capacity of 6,765 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydro_explained_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydro_explained-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bath_County_Pumped_Storage_Station" title="Bath County Pumped Storage Station">Bath County Pumped Storage Station</a> is the second-largest such facility in the world, with a capacity of 3,003 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solar">Solar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Solar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivanpah_Solar_Electric_Generating_System_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ivanpah_Solar_Electric_Generating_System_Tower.jpg/220px-Ivanpah_Solar_Electric_Generating_System_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ivanpah_Solar_Electric_Generating_System_Tower.jpg/330px-Ivanpah_Solar_Electric_Generating_System_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ivanpah_Solar_Electric_Generating_System_Tower.jpg/440px-Ivanpah_Solar_Electric_Generating_System_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Concentrated_solar_power" title="Concentrated solar power">Concentrated solar thermal</a> plant (<a href="/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility" title="Ivanpah Solar Power Facility">Ivanpah Solar</a>)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_States" title="Solar power in the United States">Solar power in the United States</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">Solar</a> made up 4% of electric generation and 19% of renewable generation in 2021. Of the 164 TWh generated, 70% was by utilities and an estimated 30% was small-scale such as rooftop solar.<sup id="cite_ref-Electric_3.1.A_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electric_3.1.A-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three states made up over half of total grid generation: <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (30%), <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (13%) and <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (9%).<sup id="cite_ref-State_Electric_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Electric-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the US grid produced the second most solar power in the world, behind China's 328 GWh.<sup id="cite_ref-IRENA_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRENA-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2006, solar has been the fastest growing energy source in the US, expanding 50% per year on average.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest solar farms in the US include <a href="/wiki/Solar_Star" title="Solar Star">Solar Star</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rosamond,_California" title="Rosamond, California">Rosamond, California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desert_Sunlight_Solar_Farm" title="Desert Sunlight Solar Farm">Desert Sunlight</a> in <a href="/wiki/Desert_Center,_California" title="Desert Center, California">Desert Center, California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper_Mountain_Solar_Facility" title="Copper Mountain Solar Facility">Copper Mountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boulder_City,_Nevada" title="Boulder City, Nevada">Boulder City, Nevada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Plants_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Plants-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> leases federal land to be used for solar farms.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost all states employ <a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">net metering</a> to compensate owners of small-scale solar, although <a href="/wiki/Net_metering_in_the_United_States" title="Net metering in the United States">policies by state</a> vary considerably.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wind">Wind</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Wind"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spruce_Mt_Wind_in_Fall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Spruce_Mt_Wind_in_Fall.jpg/220px-Spruce_Mt_Wind_in_Fall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Spruce_Mt_Wind_in_Fall.jpg/330px-Spruce_Mt_Wind_in_Fall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Spruce_Mt_Wind_in_Fall.jpg/440px-Spruce_Mt_Wind_in_Fall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption> Wind turbines in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">Wind power in the United States</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind</a> made up 9% of electric generation and 44% of renewable generation in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Electric_3.1.A_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electric_3.1.A-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four states made up over half of the total: <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (26%), <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> (10%), <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (9%) and <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> (7%).<sup id="cite_ref-State_Electric_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Electric-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US grid produces significantly more wind power than Germany or India, but less than half of China.<sup id="cite_ref-IRENA_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRENA-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1998, wind power has grown 23% per year on average in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent areas for wind turbines include <a href="/wiki/Alta_Wind_Energy_Center" title="Alta Wind Energy Center">Alta Wind</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern County, California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shepherds_Flat_Wind_Farm" title="Shepherds Flat Wind Farm">Shepherds Flat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gilliam_County,_Oregon" title="Gilliam County, Oregon">Gilliam County, Oregon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Wind_Farm" title="Roscoe Wind Farm">Roscoe Wind Farm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nolan_County,_Texas" title="Nolan County, Texas">Nolan County, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Plants_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Plants-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_energy_consumption">Final energy consumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Final energy consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consumption_sector_treemap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Consumption_sector_treemap.png/220px-Consumption_sector_treemap.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Consumption_sector_treemap.png/330px-Consumption_sector_treemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Consumption_sector_treemap.png/440px-Consumption_sector_treemap.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Consumption by sector, 2021</figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:300px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_refinery_in_Houston_2018a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Oil_refinery_in_Houston_2018a.jpg/150px-Oil_refinery_in_Houston_2018a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Oil_refinery_in_Houston_2018a.jpg/225px-Oil_refinery_in_Houston_2018a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Oil_refinery_in_Houston_2018a.jpg/300px-Oil_refinery_in_Houston_2018a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minneapolis_neighborhood_Near_North_(52247881193).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Minneapolis_neighborhood_Near_North_%2852247881193%29.jpg/150px-Minneapolis_neighborhood_Near_North_%2852247881193%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Minneapolis_neighborhood_Near_North_%2852247881193%29.jpg/225px-Minneapolis_neighborhood_Near_North_%2852247881193%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Minneapolis_neighborhood_Near_North_%2852247881193%29.jpg/300px-Minneapolis_neighborhood_Near_North_%2852247881193%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7372" data-file-height="4920" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Toyota_RAV4_V6_AWD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2007_Toyota_RAV4_V6_AWD.jpg/150px-2007_Toyota_RAV4_V6_AWD.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2007_Toyota_RAV4_V6_AWD.jpg/225px-2007_Toyota_RAV4_V6_AWD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2007_Toyota_RAV4_V6_AWD.jpg/300px-2007_Toyota_RAV4_V6_AWD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2038" data-file-height="1592" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Federal_Office_Building_Oak_Ridge_(7071647423).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Federal_Office_Building_Oak_Ridge_%287071647423%29.jpg/150px-Federal_Office_Building_Oak_Ridge_%287071647423%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Federal_Office_Building_Oak_Ridge_%287071647423%29.jpg/225px-Federal_Office_Building_Oak_Ridge_%287071647423%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Federal_Office_Building_Oak_Ridge_%287071647423%29.jpg/300px-Federal_Office_Building_Oak_Ridge_%287071647423%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2778" data-file-height="1678" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">An example of each consumption sector: a refinery, a house, a car and an office</div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">Industry</a> has long been the country's largest energy sector.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_2.1a_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_2.1a-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_2.1b_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_2.1b-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used 33% of total energy in 2021, most of which was divided evenly between natural gas, electricity and petroleum. A survey from 2018 estimated that the largest energy users were the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a> (30%), <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_refining_processes" title="Petroleum refining processes">petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coal_preparation_plant" title="Coal preparation plant">coal</a> processing (18%), <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">mining</a> (9%) and <a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">paper</a> (9%).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most energy-intensive industry was by far petroleum and coal, at over 30 billion BTU per employee. The paper industry was second at 6.5 billion BTU per employee. Each of these handles energy sources as part of their raw materials (fossil fuels and wood).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same survey found that half of the electric use was to drive machines and about 10% each for heating, cooling and electro-chemical processes. Most of the remainder was for factory lighting and <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a>. About half of the natural gas was for process heating, and most of the rest was for <a href="/wiki/Boilers" class="mw-redirect" title="Boilers">boilers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">Transportation</a> used 28% of energy, almost all of which was petroleum and other fuels. Half of the combustible fuels that make up the transportation sector were <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a>, and half of the vehicle usage was for <a href="/wiki/Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cars">cars</a> and small trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_truck_types" title="List of truck types">heavier trucks</a> each made up about a quarter of their respective categories; <a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">jet fuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_travel" title="Air travel">aircraft</a> were about a tenth each. Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel made up 5%, while natural gas was 4%. Electricity from <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">mass transit</a> was 0.2%; electricity for light passenger vehicles is counted in other sectors, but figures from the US Department of Energy estimate that 2.1 million electric vehicles used 6.1 TWh to travel 19 billion miles, indicating an average fuel efficiency of 3.1 miles per kWh.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over two-thirds of the energy used by homes, offices, and other commercial businesses is electric, including <a href="/wiki/Energy_conversion_efficiency" title="Energy conversion efficiency">electric losses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the energy used in homes was for space heating (34%) and <a href="/wiki/Water_heating" title="Water heating">water heating</a> (19%), much more than the amount used for space cooling (16%) and <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">refrigeration</a> (7%).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Businesses use similar percentages for space cooling and refrigeration. They use less for space and water heating but more for <a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">lighting</a> and cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most homes in the US are <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">single-family detached</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which on average use almost triple the energy of <a href="/wiki/Apartments" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartments">apartments</a> in larger buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, single family households have 50% more persons and triple the floor space. Usage per square foot of living space is roughly equal for most housing types except small apartment buildings and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_homes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile homes">mobile homes</a>. Small apartments are more likely to be older than other housing types,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while mobile homes tend to have poor <a href="/wiki/Building_insulation" title="Building insulation">insulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_variation">Regional variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Regional variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state with the lowest per capita energy use is <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, at 161 million BTU per year, and the highest is <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, at 908 million BTU per year. Energy use and prices often have an inverse relationship; <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> uses some of the least energy per capita but pays the highest price on average, while Louisiana pays the least on average.<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Residential prices follow a similar trend, but the differences between states are usually less drastic. The exception is Hawaii, which pays 84 cents per million BTU, more than double the next largest state of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, which pays 33 cents.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Household energy use varies by home type and by region. Although single-family detached homes are less common in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, the average house there uses 60% more energy than one in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>. Some of the regional differences can be explained by climate, as two-thirds of northeastern homes are in cold regions, while less than a third of western homes are.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Average_energy_percap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Overall use per capita"><img alt="Overall use per capita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Average_energy_percap.png/255px-Average_energy_percap.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Average_energy_percap.png/383px-Average_energy_percap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Average_energy_percap.png/510px-Average_energy_percap.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Overall use per capita</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Residential_Energy_Consumption_per_Capita.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Home use per capita"><img alt="Home use per capita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Residential_Energy_Consumption_per_Capita.png/255px-Residential_Energy_Consumption_per_Capita.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Residential_Energy_Consumption_per_Capita.png/383px-Residential_Energy_Consumption_per_Capita.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Residential_Energy_Consumption_per_Capita.png/510px-Residential_Energy_Consumption_per_Capita.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Home use per capita</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Overall_energy_price.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Overall price per million BTU"><img alt="Overall price per million BTU" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Overall_energy_price.png/255px-Overall_energy_price.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Overall_energy_price.png/383px-Overall_energy_price.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Overall_energy_price.png/510px-Overall_energy_price.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Overall price per million BTU</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Residential_Energy_Price.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Home price per million BTU"><img alt="Home price per million BTU" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Residential_Energy_Price.png/255px-Residential_Energy_Price.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Residential_Energy_Price.png/383px-Residential_Energy_Price.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Residential_Energy_Price.png/510px-Residential_Energy_Price.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Home price per million BTU</div> </li> </ul> <p>The land-use decisions of cities and towns also explain some of the regional differences in energy use. <a href="/wiki/Townhouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Townhouses">Townhouses</a> are more energy efficient than single-family homes because less heat, for example, is used per person. Similarly, areas with more homes in a compact neighborhood encourage walking, biking and transit, thereby reducing transportation energy use. A 2011 U.S. EPA study found that multi-family homes in urban neighborhoods, with well-insulated buildings and fuel-efficient cars, use less than two-thirds of the energy used by conventionally built single-family houses in suburban areas (with standard cars).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electricity">Electricity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_of_the_United_States" title="Electricity sector of the United States">Electricity sector of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_power_plants_by_type_and_nameplate_capacity.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/United_States_power_plants_by_type_and_nameplate_capacity.webp/220px-United_States_power_plants_by_type_and_nameplate_capacity.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/United_States_power_plants_by_type_and_nameplate_capacity.webp/330px-United_States_power_plants_by_type_and_nameplate_capacity.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/United_States_power_plants_by_type_and_nameplate_capacity.webp/440px-United_States_power_plants_by_type_and_nameplate_capacity.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="8419" data-file-height="4642" /></a><figcaption>United States power stations by type and nameplate capacity</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Electricity_treemap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/US_Electricity_treemap.png/220px-US_Electricity_treemap.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/US_Electricity_treemap.png/330px-US_Electricity_treemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/US_Electricity_treemap.png/440px-US_Electricity_treemap.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Generation by source<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The United States is the world's second-largest producer and consumer of electricity. It generates 15% of the world's electricity supply, about half as much as China.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_World_Electric_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_World_Electric-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States produced 3,988 TWh in 2021. Total generation has been flat since 2010. Net electricity imports were 39 TWh, or about 1% of sales. Historically, net imports have been between just under 0% to just over 1.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuels</a> made up the majority of generation, with natural gas providing 38% and coal 23%. Petroleum provided less than 1%. Natural gas as a proportion of fossil fuels has been increasing since the 90's, with coal peaking around 2008 and natural gas becoming the top fossil fuel in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2a_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nuclear provided 20%, a level consistent since about 1990. Nuclear surpassed coal in 2020 for the first time, as coal dipped to its lowest proportion in over 70 years. </p><p>Among renewables, wind and solar continued to expand, with wind exceeding hydro since 2019. Renewable use has doubled from 2010 to 2020, reaching 21% of total generation. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_electricity_monthly.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Monthly TWh by source"><img alt="Monthly TWh by source" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/US_electricity_monthly.png/288px-US_electricity_monthly.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/US_electricity_monthly.png/432px-US_electricity_monthly.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/US_electricity_monthly.png/576px-US_electricity_monthly.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monthly TWh by source</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_electricity_renewable_monthly.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Monthly TWh by renewable source"><img alt="Monthly TWh by renewable source" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_electricity_renewable_monthly.png/288px-US_electricity_renewable_monthly.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_electricity_renewable_monthly.png/432px-US_electricity_renewable_monthly.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_electricity_renewable_monthly.png/576px-US_electricity_renewable_monthly.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Monthly TWh by renewable source</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Electricity_yearly.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Yearly TWh by source"><img alt="Yearly TWh by source" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/US_Electricity_yearly.png/288px-US_Electricity_yearly.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/US_Electricity_yearly.png/432px-US_Electricity_yearly.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/US_Electricity_yearly.png/576px-US_Electricity_yearly.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Yearly TWh by source</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Electricity_renewable_yearly.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Yearly TWh by renewable source"><img alt="Yearly TWh by renewable source" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_Electricity_renewable_yearly.png/288px-US_Electricity_renewable_yearly.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_Electricity_renewable_yearly.png/432px-US_Electricity_renewable_yearly.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_Electricity_renewable_yearly.png/576px-US_Electricity_renewable_yearly.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Yearly TWh by renewable source</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grid_capacity">Grid capacity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Grid capacity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/North_American_power_transmission_grid" title="North American power transmission grid">North American power transmission grid</a></div> <p>The United States had a <a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">nameplate generation capacity</a> of 1,213 GW in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Electric_4.3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Electric_4.3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following table summarizes the electrical energy generated by fuel source for the United States grid in 2021. Figures account for generation losses, but not transmission losses. Fission had the highest <a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">capacity factor</a>, while petroleum had the lowest. </p><p>The US grid first connected East and West in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are over 7,300 power plants and almost 160,000 miles of high voltage lines.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="float:right; width:540px; border:0px solid #ccc; padding:5px; background-color:#f9f9f9;margin:0 0 0 0;"> <div style="float:right"> <table border="0" cellpadding="5"> <tbody><tr> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-all" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input">1</span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-all"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">All</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-bio" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-bio"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Biomass</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-coal" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-coal"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Coal</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-geo" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-geo"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Geothermal</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-hydro" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-hydro"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Hydro</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-gas" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-gas"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Natural gas</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-nuclear" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-nuclear"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Nuclear</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-oil" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-oil"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Petroleum</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-solar" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-solar"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Solar</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td> <td><small><div class="cdx-radio"><div class="cdx-radio__wrapper"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-wind" data-calculator-type="radio" data-calculator-name="weather" data-calculator-class="cdx-radio__input"></span><span class="cdx-radio__icon"></span><div class="cdx-label cdx-radio__label"><span class="calculator-field-label cdx-label__label" data-for="calculator-field-wind"><span class="cdx-label__label__text">Wind</span></span></div></div></div></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:right"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257291628">.mw-parser-output .calculator-hideifzero.calculator-value-false{display:none}</style><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="all"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_all.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Plant_map_all.png/550px-Plant_map_all.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Plant_map_all.png/825px-Plant_map_all.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Plant_map_all.png/1100px-Plant_map_all.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Electric plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="gas"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Natural_Gas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Plant_map_Natural_Gas.png/550px-Plant_map_Natural_Gas.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Plant_map_Natural_Gas.png/825px-Plant_map_Natural_Gas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Plant_map_Natural_Gas.png/1100px-Plant_map_Natural_Gas.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Natural gas plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="coal"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Coal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Plant_map_Coal.png/550px-Plant_map_Coal.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Plant_map_Coal.png/825px-Plant_map_Coal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Plant_map_Coal.png/1100px-Plant_map_Coal.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Coal plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="nuclear"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Fission.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Plant_map_Fission.png/550px-Plant_map_Fission.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Plant_map_Fission.png/825px-Plant_map_Fission.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Plant_map_Fission.png/1100px-Plant_map_Fission.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Nuclear plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="wind"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Wind.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Plant_map_Wind.png/550px-Plant_map_Wind.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Plant_map_Wind.png/825px-Plant_map_Wind.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Plant_map_Wind.png/1100px-Plant_map_Wind.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Wind plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="hydro"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Hydro.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Plant_map_Hydro.png/550px-Plant_map_Hydro.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Plant_map_Hydro.png/825px-Plant_map_Hydro.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Plant_map_Hydro.png/1100px-Plant_map_Hydro.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Hydro plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="solar"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Solar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Plant_map_Solar.png/550px-Plant_map_Solar.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Plant_map_Solar.png/825px-Plant_map_Solar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Plant_map_Solar.png/1100px-Plant_map_Solar.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Solar plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="bio"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Biomass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Plant_map_Biomass.png/550px-Plant_map_Biomass.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Plant_map_Biomass.png/825px-Plant_map_Biomass.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Plant_map_Biomass.png/1100px-Plant_map_Biomass.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Biomass plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="oil"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Petroleum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plant_map_Petroleum.png/550px-Plant_map_Petroleum.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plant_map_Petroleum.png/825px-Plant_map_Petroleum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plant_map_Petroleum.png/1100px-Plant_map_Petroleum.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Petroleum plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257291628"><span class="calculator-field calculator-hideifzero calculator-value-false" data-calculator-type="passthru" data-calculator-formula="geo"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plant_map_Geothermal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plant_map_Geothermal.png/550px-Plant_map_Geothermal.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plant_map_Geothermal.png/825px-Plant_map_Geothermal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plant_map_Geothermal.png/1100px-Plant_map_Geothermal.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption> Geothermal plants by capacity</figcaption></figure></span> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275448275">.mw-parser-output .defaultleft{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .defaultcenter{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .defaultright{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .col1left td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2left td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3left td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4left td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5left td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6left td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7left td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8left td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9left td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10left td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11left td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12left td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13left td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14left td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15left td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16left td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17left td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18left td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19left td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20left td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21left td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output 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th.headerSort{background-position:center bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:right bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.6em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.8em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.5em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sort-under col1left" style="text-align:right"> <caption>US electric grid capacity and generation in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Electric_4.3_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Electric_4.3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Source </th> <th>Capacity<br />(GW) </th> <th>Generation<br />(TWh) </th> <th>Capacity<br />factor </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td>1,213</td> <td>3,988</td> <td>37% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Natural gas</td> <td>559.3</td> <td>1480.1</td> <td>30% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coal</td> <td>228.0</td> <td>892.3</td> <td>45% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nuclear</td> <td>100.0</td> <td>778.2</td> <td>89% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wind</td> <td>133.5</td> <td>377.9</td> <td>32% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hydro</td> <td>80.0</td> <td>245.3</td> <td>35% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solar</td> <td>61.9</td> <td>114.5</td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Petroleum</td> <td>32.5</td> <td>18.3</td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biomass</td> <td>14.1</td> <td>26.7</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geothermal</td> <td>3.9</td> <td>15.5</td> <td>45% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generation_by_state">Generation by state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Generation by state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_generation_treemap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/State_generation_treemap.png/240px-State_generation_treemap.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/State_generation_treemap.png/360px-State_generation_treemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/State_generation_treemap.png/480px-State_generation_treemap.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption> Generation by state and source</figcaption></figure> <p>The following figures offer detail into the sources of generation used in each state.<sup id="cite_ref-State_Electric_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Electric-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most often, natural gas is the largest source in a given state, with 22 states using it more than any other. Among renewable sources, 18 states use wind power more than any other. </p><p>Though not always the most prominent source, each state will use at least one source at a rate above the national average. Twelve states use nuclear power more than average, and California and Hawaii each use more solar and petroleum, respectively. </p><p>Texas contributes more to the grid than any other state, followed by Florida, Pennsylvania and California. On net, Pennsylvania exports the most power, while California imports the most. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_electric_major.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Largest generation source"><img alt="Largest generation source" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/State_electric_major.png/255px-State_electric_major.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/State_electric_major.png/383px-State_electric_major.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/State_electric_major.png/510px-State_electric_major.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Largest generation source</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_electric_major_renew.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Largest renewable generation source"><img alt="Largest renewable generation source" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/State_electric_major_renew.png/255px-State_electric_major_renew.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/State_electric_major_renew.png/383px-State_electric_major_renew.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/State_electric_major_renew.png/510px-State_electric_major_renew.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Largest renewable generation source</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_electric_salient.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Most over-represented source"><img alt="Most over-represented source" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/State_electric_salient.png/255px-State_electric_salient.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/State_electric_salient.png/383px-State_electric_salient.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/State_electric_salient.png/510px-State_electric_salient.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Most over-represented source</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_net_electric_import.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Net electricity imports/exports"><img alt="Net electricity imports/exports" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/State_net_electric_import.png/255px-State_net_electric_import.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/State_net_electric_import.png/383px-State_net_electric_import.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/State_net_electric_import.png/510px-State_net_electric_import.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Net electricity imports/exports</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_consumption">Electric consumption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Electric consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electric_pct_Resid.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Electric_pct_Resid.png/220px-Electric_pct_Resid.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Electric_pct_Resid.png/330px-Electric_pct_Resid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Electric_pct_Resid.png/440px-Electric_pct_Resid.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Home electrification</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Electric_energy_consumption" title="Electric energy consumption">Electric grid consumption</a> in the US was 3,806 TWh in 2021. Since 2010, total consumption has remained within 2% of this figure. Per capita consumption was 11.5 MWh in 2021, down 8% from its peak in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.6_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.6-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US_Stats_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Stats-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Residential customers used 39% of total electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.6_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.6-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each month, the average customer used 886 kWh and paid $121 at an average rate of 13.7 cents/kWh.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commercial sector used 35% and industrial used 26%. Transportation used less than half of one percent. </p><p>System loss within the grid includes use in the generation process and transmission losses, as well as unaccounted loads. For 2021, this amounted to 203 TWh, or 5.3% of grid generation. Electricity used directly at the commercial or industrial level added 139 TWh, so total consumption was 3,945 TWh.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northeastern US has long paid the highest electricity prices, while simultaneously using it the least per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> is an outlier in the west region; its neighbors tend to pay some of the lowest rates in the country, while California is second only to <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Average_electric_percap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Overall use per capita"><img alt="Overall use per capita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Average_electric_percap.png/255px-Average_electric_percap.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Average_electric_percap.png/383px-Average_electric_percap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Average_electric_percap.png/510px-Average_electric_percap.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Overall use per capita</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Residential_electric_percap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Home use per capita"><img alt="Home use per capita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Residential_electric_percap.png/255px-Residential_electric_percap.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Residential_electric_percap.png/383px-Residential_electric_percap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Residential_electric_percap.png/510px-Residential_electric_percap.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Home use per capita</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Average_electric_prices.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Overall price per kWh"><img alt="Overall price per kWh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Average_electric_prices.png/255px-Average_electric_prices.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Average_electric_prices.png/383px-Average_electric_prices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Average_electric_prices.png/510px-Average_electric_prices.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Overall price per kWh</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Residential_electric_prices.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Home price per kWh"><img alt="Home price per kWh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Residential_electric_prices.png/255px-Residential_electric_prices.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Residential_electric_prices.png/383px-Residential_electric_prices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Residential_electric_prices.png/510px-Residential_electric_prices.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Home price per kWh</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation_in_the_United_States" title="Energy conservation in the United States">Energy conservation in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_energy_resources" title="World energy resources">World energy resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_energy_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="World energy consumption">World energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_energy_consumption_and_production" title="List of countries by energy consumption and production">List of countries by energy consumption and production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_electricity_production_from_renewable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by electricity production from renewable sources">List of U.S. states by electricity production from renewable sources</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EIA_1.3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_1.3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_1.3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. November 26, 2024. 1.3 Primary energy consumption by source<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Monthly+Energy+Review&rft.pages=1.3+Primary+energy+consumption+by+source&rft.date=2024-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftotalenergy%2Fdata%2Fmonthly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA_Facts-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Facts_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Facts_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/">"U.S. energy facts explained"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. July 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=U.S.+energy+facts+explained&rft.date=2024-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fenergyexplained%2Fus-energy-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. November 26, 2024. Appendix A6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Monthly+Energy+Review&rft.pages=Appendix+A6&rft.date=2024-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftotalenergy%2Fdata%2Fmonthly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA_World-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_World_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world">"International"</a>. <i>EIA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Finternational%2Fdata%2Fworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA_2.1a-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_2.1a_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_2.1a_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. April 25, 2023. 2.1a Energy consumption: Residential, commercial, and industrial sectors<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Monthly+Energy+Review&rft.pages=2.1a+Energy+consumption%3A+Residential%2C+commercial%2C+and+industrial+sectors&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftotalenergy%2Fdata%2Fmonthly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA_2.1b-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_2.1b_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_2.1b_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. April 25, 2023. 2.1b Energy consumption: Transportation sector, total end-use sectors, and electric power sector<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Monthly+Energy+Review&rft.pages=2.1b+Energy+consumption%3A+Transportation+sector%2C+total+end-use+sectors%2C+and+electric+power+sector&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftotalenergy%2Fdata%2Fmonthly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA_Electric_4.3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Electric_4.3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Electric_4.3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Electric_4.3_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/">"Electric Power Annual"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. November 26, 2024. 4.3. Existing capacity by energy source<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Electric+Power+Annual&rft.pages=4.3.+Existing+capacity+by+energy+source&rft.date=2024-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Felectricity%2Fannual%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA_Monthly_7.2b-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIA_Monthly_7.2b_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BLM&rft.atitle=Solar+Energy+Zones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblmsolar.anl.gov%2Fcompetitive%2Fother-procedures%2Fsez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2020/03/which-states-offer-net-metering/">"2022 UPDATE: Which states offer net metering?"</a>. <i>Solar Power World</i>. April 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+Power+World&rft.atitle=2022+UPDATE%3A+Which+states+offer+net+metering%3F&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.solarpowerworldonline.com%2F2020%2F03%2Fwhich-states-offer-net-metering%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/industry.php">"Energy use in industry"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. June 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Energy+use+in+industry&rft.date=2022-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fenergyexplained%2Fuse-of-energy%2Findustry.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2018/">"2018 MECS Survey Data"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. August 27, 2021. Table 6.1 By Manufacturing Industry and Region<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=2018+MECS+Survey+Data&rft.pages=Table+6.1+By+Manufacturing+Industry+and+Region&rft.date=2021-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fmanufacturing%2Fdata%2F2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2018/">"2018 MECS Survey Data"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. August 27, 2021. Table 5.4 By Manufacturing Industry with Total Consumption of Electricity<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=2018+MECS+Survey+Data&rft.pages=Table+5.4+By+Manufacturing+Industry+with+Total+Consumption+of+Electricity&rft.date=2021-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fmanufacturing%2Fdata%2F2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/transportation.php">"Energy use for transportation"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. June 28, 2022. 1.1 Primary energy overview<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Energy+use+for+transportation&rft.pages=1.1+Primary+energy+overview&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fenergyexplained%2Fuse-of-energy%2Ftransportation.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insideevs.com/news/623977/us-2021-plugins-traveled-19billion-miles-electricity/">"US: In 2021, Plug-Ins Traveled 19 Billion Miles On Electricity"</a>. <i>InsideEVs</i>. November 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InsideEVs&rft.atitle=US%3A+In+2021%2C+Plug-Ins+Traveled+19+Billion+Miles+On+Electricity&rft.date=2022-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsideevs.com%2Fnews%2F623977%2Fus-2021-plugins-traveled-19billion-miles-electricity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. April 25, 2023. 2.2 Residential sector energy consumption<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Monthly+Energy+Review&rft.pages=2.2+Residential+sector+energy+consumption&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftotalenergy%2Fdata%2Fmonthly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. April 25, 2023. 2.3 Commercial sector energy consumption<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Monthly+Energy+Review&rft.pages=2.3+Commercial+sector+energy+consumption&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftotalenergy%2Fdata%2Fmonthly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Assuming electric losses of about 65%. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/homes.php">"Energy use in homes"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. June 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Energy+use+in+homes&rft.date=2022-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fenergyexplained%2Fuse-of-energy%2Fhomes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Assuming ventilation is roughly proportional for heating and cooling. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/index.php?view=consumption">"2018 CBECS Survey Data"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. December 21, 2022. End-use consumption<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=2018+CBECS+Survey+Data&rft.pages=End-use+consumption&rft.date=2022-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fcommercial%2Fdata%2F2018%2Findex.php%3Fview%3Dconsumption&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/hc/php/hc9.1.php">"Table HC9.1 Household demographics of U.S. homes by housing unit type, 2015"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Table+HC9.1+Household+demographics+of+U.S.+homes+by+housing+unit+type%2C+2015&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fresidential%2Fdata%2F2015%2Fhc%2Fphp%2Fhc9.1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/index.php?view=consumption">"2015 RECS Survey Data"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. May 2018. CE1.1 Summary consumption and expenditures in the U.S. - totals and intensities<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=2015+RECS+Survey+Data&rft.pages=CE1.1+Summary+consumption+and+expenditures+in+the+U.S.+-+totals+and+intensities&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fresidential%2Fdata%2F2015%2Findex.php%3Fview%3Dconsumption&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/hc/php/hc2.3.php">"Table HC2.3 Structural and geographic characteristics of U.S. homes by year of construction, 2015"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Table+HC2.3+Structural+and+geographic+characteristics+of+U.S.+homes+by+year+of+construction%2C+2015&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fresidential%2Fdata%2F2015%2Fhc%2Fphp%2Fhc2.3.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/hc/php/hc2.1.php">"Table HC2.1 Structural and geographic characteristics of U.S. homes by housing unit type, 2015"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Table+HC2.1+Structural+and+geographic+characteristics+of+U.S.+homes+by+housing+unit+type%2C+2015&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fresidential%2Fdata%2F2015%2Fhc%2Fphp%2Fhc2.1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEDS-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php">"State Energy Data System"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. June 24, 2022. Consumption: Total energy consumption per capita by end-use sector<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=State+Energy+Data+System&rft.pages=Consumption%3A+Total+energy+consumption+per+capita+by+end-use+sector&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fstate%2Fseds%2Fseds-data-complete.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php">"State Energy Data System"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. June 24, 2022. Prices and Expenditures: Prices Total End-use<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=State+Energy+Data+System&rft.pages=Prices+and+Expenditures%3A+Prices+Total+End-use&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fstate%2Fseds%2Fseds-data-complete.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/index.php?view=consumption">"2015 RECS Survey Data"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. May 2018. CE1.2 Summary consumption and expenditures in the Northeast - totals and intensities<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=2015+RECS+Survey+Data&rft.pages=CE1.2+Summary+consumption+and+expenditures+in+the+Northeast+-+totals+and+intensities&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fconsumption%2Fresidential%2Fdata%2F2015%2Findex.php%3Fview%3Dconsumption&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/index.php?view=consumption">"2015 RECS Survey Data"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. May 2018. CE1.5 Summary consumption and expenditures in the West - totals and intensities<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Appendix C1 Population, U.S. gross domestic product, and U.S. gross output<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Monthly+Energy+Review&rft.pages=Appendix+C1+Population%2C+U.S.+gross+domestic+product%2C+and+U.S.+gross+output&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftotalenergy%2Fdata%2Fmonthly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/">"Monthly Energy Review"</a>. <i>EIA</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA&rft.atitle=Historical+State+Data&rft.pages=EIA-861+Annual+Electric+Power+Industry+Report&rft.date=2023-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Felectricity%2Fdata%2Fstate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/">Energy Information Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_energy_independence" title="United States energy independence">Energy independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_energy_law" title="United States energy law">Energy law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_energy_law" title="New York energy law">New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_1992" title="Energy Policy Act of 1992">Energy Policy Act (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidy#Allocation_of_subsidies_in_the_United_States" title="Energy subsidy">Energy subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Act" title="Federal Power Act">Federal Power Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Hydropower policy of the United States">Hydropower policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear energy policy of the United States">Nuclear energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_wind_energy_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States wind energy policy">Wind energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_offshore_drilling_debate" title="United States offshore drilling debate">Offshore drilling debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Regulatory_Policies_Act" title="Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act">Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_portfolio_standard" title="Renewable portfolio standard">Renewable portfolio standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Smart grid policy of the United States">Smart grid policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy by state<br /> or territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Arkansas" title="Energy in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_California" title="Energy in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guam" title="Energy in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hawaii" title="Energy in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iowa" title="Energy in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ohio" title="Energy in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Oregon" title="Energy in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Texas" title="Energy in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vermont" title="Energy in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Material</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_the_United_States" title="Biofuel in the United States">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_power_in_the_United_States" title="Coal power in the United States">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Geothermal energy in the United States">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_in_the_United_States" title="Hydroelectric power in the United States">Hydroelectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_the_United_States" title="Petroleum in the United States">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_States" title="Solar power in the United States">Solar by<br /> state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Alabama" title="Solar power in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Alaska" title="Solar power in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Arizona" title="Solar power in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Arkansas" title="Solar power in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_California" title="Solar power in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Colorado" title="Solar power in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Connecticut" title="Solar power in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Delaware" title="Solar power in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Florida" title="Solar power in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Solar power in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Hawaii" title="Solar power in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Idaho" title="Solar power in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Illinois" title="Solar power in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Indiana" title="Solar power in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Iowa" title="Solar power in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Kansas" title="Solar power in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Kentucky" title="Solar power in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Louisiana" title="Solar power in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Maine" title="Solar power in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Maryland" title="Solar power in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Solar power in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Michigan" title="Solar power in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Minnesota" title="Solar power in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Mississippi" title="Solar power in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Missouri" title="Solar power in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Montana" title="Solar power in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Nebraska" title="Solar power in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Nevada" title="Solar power in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Hampshire" title="Solar power in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Jersey" title="Solar power in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Mexico" title="Solar power in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_York" title="Solar power in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_North_Carolina" title="Solar power in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_North_Dakota" title="Solar power in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Ohio" title="Solar power in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Oklahoma" title="Solar power in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Oregon" title="Solar power in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pennsylvania" title="Solar power in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Rhode_Island" title="Solar power in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_South_Carolina" title="Solar power in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_South_Dakota" title="Solar power in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Tennessee" title="Solar power in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Texas" title="Solar power in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Utah" title="Solar power in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Vermont" title="Solar power in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Virginia" title="Solar power in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Washington_(state)" title="Solar power in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Solar power in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_West_Virginia" title="Solar power in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Wisconsin" title="Solar power in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Wyoming" title="Solar power in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">Wind by<br /> state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Alaska" title="Wind power in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Arizona" title="Wind power in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Arkansas" title="Wind power in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_California" title="Wind power in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Colorado" title="Wind power in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Connecticut" title="Wind power in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Delaware" title="Wind power in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Hawaii" title="Wind power in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Idaho" title="Wind power in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Illinois" title="Wind power in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Indiana" title="Wind power in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iowa" title="Wind power in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kansas" title="Wind power in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kentucky" title="Wind power in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Maine" title="Wind power in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Maryland" title="Wind power in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Wind power in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Michigan" title="Wind power in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Minnesota" title="Wind power in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Missouri" title="Wind power in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Montana" title="Wind power in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Nebraska" title="Wind power in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Nevada" title="Wind power in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Hampshire" title="Wind power in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Jersey" title="Wind power in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Mexico" title="Wind power in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_York" title="Wind power in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_North_Carolina" title="Wind power in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_North_Dakota" title="Wind power in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ohio" title="Wind power in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Oklahoma" title="Wind power in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Oregon" title="Wind power in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pennsylvania" title="Wind power in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Rhode_Island" title="Wind power in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_South_Dakota" title="Wind power in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Tennessee" title="Wind power in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Texas" title="Wind power in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Utah" title="Wind power in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Vermont" title="Wind power in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Virginia" title="Wind power in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Washington" title="Wind power in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_West_Virginia" title="Wind power in West Virginia"> West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Wisconsin" title="Wind power in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Wyoming" title="Wind power in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">CAFE standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of U.S. states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions">State and territory CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_vehicle_emission_standards" title="United States vehicle emission standards">Vehicle emission standards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Air_Resources_Board" title="California Air Resources Board">CARB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">DOE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">EERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">EIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">NREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Electricity" title="Office of Electricity">OE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">FERC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">NRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Marketing_Administration" title="Power Marketing Administration">PMAs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Power_Administration" title="Bonneville Power Administration">BPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Power_Administration" title="Southeastern Power Administration">SEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Power_Administration" title="Southwestern Power Administration">SWPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Area_Power_Administration" title="Western Area Power Administration">WAPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Council_on_Renewable_Energy" title="American Council on Renewable Energy">ACORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Power_Association" title="American Public Power Association">APPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solar_Energy_Society" title="American Solar Energy Society">ASES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Wind_Energy_Association" title="American Wind Energy Association">AWEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_Thermal_Energy_Council" title="Biomass Thermal Energy Council">BTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Biosciences_Institute" title="Energy Biosciences Institute">EBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Electric_Institute" title="Edison Electric Institute">EEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_and_Energy_Study_Institute" title="Environmental and Energy Study Institute">EESI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Power_Research_Institute" title="Electric Power Research Institute">EPRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Energy_Institute" title="Nuclear Energy Institute">NEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Electric_Cooperative_Association" title="National Rural Electric Cooperative Association">NRECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_Fuels_Institute" title="Pellet Fuels Institute">PFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_In_America" title="Plug In America">PIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMI_(energy_organization)" title="RMI (energy organization)">RMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_North_America158" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_North_America158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Energy in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Barbados (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belize" title="Energy in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Jamaica (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Mexico" title="Energy in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles608" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles608" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sports_in_the_United_States" title="History of sports in the United States">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_the_World6432" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_topic" title="Template:World topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Botswana" title="Energy in Botswana">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Brazil" title="Energy in Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Brunei" title="Energy in Brunei">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bulgaria" title="Energy in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Energy in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Burundi" title="Energy in Burundi">Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cambodia" title="Energy in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cameroon" title="Energy in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cape_Verde" title="Energy in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Chad" title="Energy in Chad">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Chile" title="Energy in Chile">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Denmark" title="Energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Djibouti" title="Energy in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Egypt" title="Energy in Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Energy in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Eritrea" title="Energy in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Estonia" title="Energy in Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Energy in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Fiji">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_France" title="Energy in France">France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Gabon" title="Energy in Gabon">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Energy in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Germany" title="Energy in Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Greece" title="Energy in Greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guinea" title="Energy in Guinea">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Guyana">Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Haiti">Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Honduras">Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hungary" title="Energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iceland" title="Energy in Iceland">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indonesia" title="Energy in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iran" title="Energy in Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iraq" title="Energy in Iraq">Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Israel" title="Energy in Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Energy in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Japan" title="Energy in Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Jordan" title="Energy in Jordan">Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kenya" title="Energy in Kenya">Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kuwait" title="Energy in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Energy in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Laos" title="Energy in Laos">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Latvia" title="Energy in Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lebanon" title="Energy in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Liberia" title="Energy in Liberia">Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Libya" title="Energy in Libya">Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Liechtenstein" title="Energy in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Luxembourg" title="Energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Malawi" title="Energy in Malawi">Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Malta" title="Energy in Malta">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Mexico" title="Energy in Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Moldova" title="Energy in Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Monaco" title="Energy in Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Mongolia" title="Energy in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Mozambique" title="Energy in 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