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It is one of the global top 100 universities according to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2015-16, positioned 93rd. Exeter is also ranked 7th in The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2016, 9th in the Guardian University Guide 2016 and 10th in The Complete University Guide 2016.</p> <p>In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF), the University ranked 16th nationally, with 98% of its research rated as being of international quality. Exeter was named The Times and The Sunday Times Sports University of the Year 2015-16, in recognition of excellence in performance, education and research. Exeter was The Sunday Times University of the Year 2012-13.</p> <p>The University will launch its flagship Living Systems Institute in 2016, a world-class, interdisciplinary research community that will revolutionise the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This follows recent investments of more than £350 million worth of new facilities across its campuses in recent years; including landmark new student services centres - the Forum in Exeter and The Exchange on the Penryn Campus in Cornwall, together with world-class new facilities for Biosciences, the Business School and the Environment and Sustainability Institute.</p> </div> <section class="grid-four grid-last"> <h4 class="legacy">Links</h4> <ul class="article-list"> <li class="article"> <a itemprop="url" href="http://www.exeter.ac.uk/">Visit exeter.ac.uk/</a> </li> <li class="article"> <a href="/become-an-author">Are you an expert from this institution? Register to write</a> </li> <li class="feed"> <a href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190/articles.atom"> <i class="icon-rss"></i> Article Feed </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> <nav id="tabbed-navigation" class="tabbed tabbed-section-navigation"> <a class="tab active" href="#articles">Articles</a> <a class="tab" href="#contributors">Authors</a> </nav> <div class="institution-page sm-display-articles"> <div class="grid-ten large-grid-eight"> <section id="articles"> <h3 class="border">Displaying 1 - 20 of 517 articles</h3> <div class="content-list"> <article data-id="251093" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Ingestão de álcool por animais é surpreendentemente generalizada - e estamos começando a entender seu impacto" href="/ingestao-de-alcool-por-animais-e-surpreendentemente-generalizada-e-estamos-comecando-a-entender-seu-impacto-251093"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:48.50299401197605%;--background-color:#4d5130"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/652063/original/file-20250218-32-tq803a.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=8%2C60%2C2870%2C1433&q=45&auto=format&w=668&h=324&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="652063"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Um macaco-aranha se alimentando de frutos da árvore_Spondias mombin_ que contém etanol. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Nicholas Chapoy</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-27T20:29:53Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 27, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/ingestao-de-alcool-por-animais-e-surpreendentemente-generalizada-e-estamos-comecando-a-entender-seu-impacto-251093">Ingestão de álcool por animais é surpreendentemente generalizada - e estamos começando a entender seu impacto</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/anna-christina-bowland-2255107">Anna Christina Bowland</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Evidências estão mostrando cada vez mais como o etanol está naturalmente presente em alimentos açucarados.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="246638" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Alcohol ingestion by animals is surprisingly widespread – and we’re starting to understand its impact" href="/alcohol-ingestion-by-animals-is-surprisingly-widespread-and-were-starting-to-understand-its-impact-246638"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4d5130"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/649732/original/file-20250218-32-tq803a.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C0%2C1932%2C1932&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="649732"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> A spider monkey feeding on fruits of the tree_Spondias mombin_ that has been found to contain ethanol. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Nicholas Chapoy</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-25T16:29:47Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 25, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/alcohol-ingestion-by-animals-is-surprisingly-widespread-and-were-starting-to-understand-its-impact-246638">Alcohol ingestion by animals is surprisingly widespread – and we’re starting to understand its impact</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/anna-christina-bowland-2255107">Anna Christina Bowland</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Evidence is increasingly showing how ethanol is naturally present in sugary food.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="249518" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Kenya’s goal to plant 15 billion trees should include farmers – study shows they are keen" href="/kenyas-goal-to-plant-15-billion-trees-should-include-farmers-study-shows-they-are-keen-249518"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#91a94f"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/650996/original/file-20250224-44-99vwfi.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C0%2C2327%2C2327&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="650996"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Kenyan farmers need support to plant more trees than just water-guzzling eucalyptus. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Michele d'Amico/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-25T14:51:15Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 25, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/kenyas-goal-to-plant-15-billion-trees-should-include-farmers-study-shows-they-are-keen-249518">Kenya’s goal to plant 15 billion trees should include farmers – study shows they are keen</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ennia-bosshard-1303691">Ennia Bosshard</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Kenya plans to plant 15 billion trees to combat climate change.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="249619" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Climate change could make more turtles female – but some are starting to adapt" href="/climate-change-could-make-more-turtles-female-but-some-are-starting-to-adapt-249619"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a16f55"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/650318/original/file-20250220-50-rrxlor.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=718%2C301%2C2716%2C2716&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="650318"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> A loggerhead turtle nesting. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Mollie Rickwood</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-21T11:07:51Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 21, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/climate-change-could-make-more-turtles-female-but-some-are-starting-to-adapt-249619">Climate change could make more turtles female – but some are starting to adapt</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mollie-rickwood-2322000">Mollie Rickwood</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/annette-broderick-2326993">Annette Broderick</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/robin-snape-1516813">Robin Snape</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The temperature of a sea turtle’s nest controls the sex and survival rate of their offspring.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248973" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="How banks, lawyers and lobbyists in the west help <span class="nobr">post-Communist</span> kleptocrats stay rich" href="/how-banks-lawyers-and-lobbyists-in-the-west-help-post-communist-kleptocrats-stay-rich-248973"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#314855"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/647101/original/file-20250205-17-gul0g0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1034%2C0%2C3600%2C3600&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="647101"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> ‘Londongrad’ is a nickname for London that encapsulates the British capital’s popularity as a haven for wealthy Russians in the post-Soviet era. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Drone Motion Stock / Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-18T17:11:18Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 18, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/how-banks-lawyers-and-lobbyists-in-the-west-help-post-communist-kleptocrats-stay-rich-248973">How banks, lawyers and lobbyists in the west help <span class="nobr">post-Communist</span> kleptocrats stay rich</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-heathershaw-227909">John Heathershaw</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tena-prelec-2316419">Tena Prelec</a>, <em>University of Rijeka</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tom-mayne-2316421">Tom Mayne</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The UK’s indulgence of kleptocratic elites from Russia and Eurasia is an acute example of the phenomenon of professional enabling.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248494" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="When a bishop called on Trump to ‘have mercy’, she was following the old Christian tradition of parrhesia" href="/when-a-bishop-called-on-trump-to-have-mercy-she-was-following-the-old-christian-tradition-of-parrhesia-248494"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#674c43"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/648362/original/file-20250211-15-pdr36c.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=191%2C4%2C657%2C657&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="648362"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Ambrose. </span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-17T17:51:24Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 17, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/when-a-bishop-called-on-trump-to-have-mercy-she-was-following-the-old-christian-tradition-of-parrhesia-248494">When a bishop called on Trump to ‘have mercy’, she was following the old Christian tradition of parrhesia</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/morwenna-ludlow-2307238">Morwenna Ludlow</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Christian history shows how bishops have used bold speech to challenge the powerful.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="249883" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="La mutilación genital femenina es una de las principales causas de muerte de niñas en los lugares donde se practica" href="/la-mutilacion-genital-femenina-es-una-de-las-principales-causas-de-muerte-de-ninas-en-los-lugares-donde-se-practica-249883"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a78a55"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/648861/original/file-20250205-19-gul0g0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=167%2C300%2C3597%2C3597&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="648861"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> La MGF es frecuente en varios países africanos. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Riccardo Mayer/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-16T22:29:05Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 16, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/la-mutilacion-genital-femenina-es-una-de-las-principales-causas-de-muerte-de-ninas-en-los-lugares-donde-se-practica-249883">La mutilación genital femenina es una de las principales causas de muerte de niñas en los lugares donde se practica</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/heather-d-flowe-604832">Heather D. Flowe</a>, <em>University of Birmingham</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/arpita-ghosh-2317122">Arpita Ghosh</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/james-rockey-1204105">James Rockey</a>, <em>University of Birmingham</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Un estudio revela que la mutilación o ablación genital femenina es una de las principales causas de muerte: una joven o niña muere cada 12 minutos.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="249317" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Novo estudo revela que mutilação genital feminina é a principal causa de morte de meninas na África" href="/novo-estudo-revela-que-mutilacao-genital-feminina-e-a-principal-causa-de-morte-de-meninas-na-africa-249317"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a78a55"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/647416/original/file-20250205-19-gul0g0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=459%2C362%2C3535%2C3535&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="647416"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> O impacto vai além da saúde física. As sobreviventes geralmente enfrentam traumas psicológicos e desafios sociais. Em muitas comunidades, a FGM/C está profundamente enraizado nas práticas culturais e vinculado às perspectivas de casamento, o que torna difícil para as famílias resistirem à pressão para manter a tradição. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Riccardo Mayer/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-06T15:03:07Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 6, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/novo-estudo-revela-que-mutilacao-genital-feminina-e-a-principal-causa-de-morte-de-meninas-na-africa-249317">Novo estudo revela que mutilação genital feminina é a principal causa de morte de meninas na África</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/heather-d-flowe-604832">Heather D. Flowe</a>, <em>University of Birmingham</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/arpita-ghosh-2317122">Arpita Ghosh</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/james-rockey-1204105">James Rockey</a>, <em>University of Birmingham</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Um estudo revela que a mutilação ou corte genital feminino é uma das principais causas de morte: uma jovem morre a cada 12 minutos</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="249171" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Female genital mutilation is a leading cause of death for girls where it’s practised – new study" href="/female-genital-mutilation-is-a-leading-cause-of-death-for-girls-where-its-practised-new-study-249171"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#624d32"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/647096/original/file-20250205-19-gul0g0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=167%2C300%2C3597%2C3597&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="647096"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> FGM is prevalent in several African nations. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Riccardo Mayer/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-06T08:07:32Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 6, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/female-genital-mutilation-is-a-leading-cause-of-death-for-girls-where-its-practised-new-study-249171">Female genital mutilation is a leading cause of death for girls where it’s practised – new study</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/heather-d-flowe-604832">Heather D. Flowe</a>, <em>University of Birmingham</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/arpita-ghosh-2317122">Arpita Ghosh</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/james-rockey-1204105">James Rockey</a>, <em>University of Birmingham</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>A study finds female genital mutilation or cutting is a leading cause of death: a young woman or girl dies every 12 minutes.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248625" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Bacteria in your mouth may hold clues to your brain health and dementia risk – new study" href="/bacteria-in-your-mouth-may-hold-clues-to-your-brain-health-and-dementia-risk-new-study-248625"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a8745b"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/646329/original/file-20250202-15-uymo41.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=686%2C0%2C3034%2C3034&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="646329"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Daria Artemenko / Alamy Stock Photo</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-05T07:07:06Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 5, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/bacteria-in-your-mouth-may-hold-clues-to-your-brain-health-and-dementia-risk-new-study-248625">Bacteria in your mouth may hold clues to your brain health and dementia risk – new study</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/joanna-lheureux-2311378">Joanna L'Heureux</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Fine-tuning our oral microbiomes might be the key to fighting dementia.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248604" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="The Sims: from Hot Date to Get Famous, why expansion packs have been key to the game’s longevity" href="/the-sims-from-hot-date-to-get-famous-why-expansion-packs-have-been-key-to-the-games-longevity-248604"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#ae6e54"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/645588/original/file-20250129-17-hztqw7.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=296%2C116%2C713%2C713&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="645588"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">EA Games</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-03T13:19:28Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 3, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/the-sims-from-hot-date-to-get-famous-why-expansion-packs-have-been-key-to-the-games-longevity-248604">The Sims: from Hot Date to Get Famous, why expansion packs have been key to the game’s longevity</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/aditya-deshbandhu-2311371">Aditya Deshbandhu</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Over 85 million people played The Sims in 2024.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="247393" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="While plastic dominates human consumption, the global economy will remain hooked on fossil fuels" href="/while-plastic-dominates-human-consumption-the-global-economy-will-remain-hooked-on-fossil-fuels-247393"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9f6659"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/645512/original/file-20250129-17-gmwjz1.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C0%2C3453%2C3453&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="645512"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Plastic waste in the Maldives. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">MOHAMED ABDULRAHEEM/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-03T13:17:21Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 3, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/while-plastic-dominates-human-consumption-the-global-economy-will-remain-hooked-on-fossil-fuels-247393">While plastic dominates human consumption, the global economy will remain hooked on fossil fuels</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-hanieh-2298713">Adam Hanieh</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>How oil changed capitalism.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="247866" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="The sound of skateboarding offers skaters a therapeutic way to connect with the city" href="/the-sound-of-skateboarding-offers-skaters-a-therapeutic-way-to-connect-with-the-city-247866"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#495430"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/644138/original/file-20250122-17-2uvs62.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1183%2C7%2C2527%2C2527&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="644138"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Alistair Macrobert/Unsplash</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-31T13:24:36Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 31, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/the-sound-of-skateboarding-offers-skaters-a-therapeutic-way-to-connect-with-the-city-247866">The sound of skateboarding offers skaters a therapeutic way to connect with the city</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/paul-oconnor-1255597">Paul O'Connor</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>It is as if the skateboard is an extended sensory appendage, to feel and hear the world at large.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248457" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="From YMCA to MAGA: why Trump plays Village People at his rallies" href="/from-ymca-to-maga-why-trump-plays-village-people-at-his-rallies-248457"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4b3152"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/645221/original/file-20250128-19-t2pajj.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1131%2C0%2C2622%2C2622&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="645221"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Trump enjoying a rendition of YMCA in Washington on January 19. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Leigh Vogel / UPI / Alamy</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-29T17:05:59Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 29, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/from-ymca-to-maga-why-trump-plays-village-people-at-his-rallies-248457">From YMCA to MAGA: why Trump plays Village People at his rallies</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/william-rees-379809">William Rees</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The idea of Trump using the music of a band famous for its gay anthems has perplexed many, but the Maga movement does seem to enjoy a catchy tune.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="246642" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Participar do ‘Janeiro Vegano’ faz com que as pessoas deixem de comer carne a longo prazo? Veja o que as evidências mostram" href="/participar-do-janeiro-vegano-faz-com-que-as-pessoas-deixem-de-comer-carne-a-longo-prazo-veja-o-que-as-evidencias-mostram-246642"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9d6b54"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/640529/original/file-20241223-15-ratqew.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1203%2C80%2C3826%2C3826&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="640529"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Pesquisas realizadas pelo Janeiro Vegano sugerem que mais de 80% dos participantes da campanha mantêm grandes reduções no consumo de carne, reduzindo sua ingestão pela metade ou até mais após seis meses. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Daria Kulkova / Alamy Stock Photo</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-03T15:07:30Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 3, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/participar-do-janeiro-vegano-faz-com-que-as-pessoas-deixem-de-comer-carne-a-longo-prazo-veja-o-que-as-evidencias-mostram-246642">Participar do ‘Janeiro Vegano’ faz com que as pessoas deixem de comer carne a longo prazo? Veja o que as evidências mostram</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/natalia-lawrence-271488">Natalia Lawrence</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elisa-becker-1416319">Elisa Becker</a>, <em>University of Oxford</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sophie-hearn-1966222">Sophie Hearn</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Em 2024, 25 milhões de pessoas deixaram de comer carne por causa do Janeiro Vegano. Para muitos, foi uma mudança duradoura.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="244004" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Oysters once crowded Europe’s coast – here’s how we discovered these <span class="nobr">long-forgotten</span> reefs" href="/oysters-once-crowded-europes-coast-heres-how-we-discovered-these-long-forgotten-reefs-244004"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4c3531"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/632986/original/file-20241119-15-zkchv4.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C1493%2C5227%2C5227&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="632986"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> An artist’s depiction of a dense European oyster reef, based on historical descriptions. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Maria Eggertsen/Conservation Letters</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-03T10:15:32Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 3, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/oysters-once-crowded-europes-coast-heres-how-we-discovered-these-long-forgotten-reefs-244004">Oysters once crowded Europe’s coast – here’s how we discovered these <span class="nobr">long-forgotten</span> reefs</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ruth-h-thurstan-138840">Ruth H. Thurstan</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/philine-zu-ermgassen-808034">Philine zu Ermgassen</a>, <em>University of Edinburgh</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Historical records describe a very different seafloor to the ones we see today.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="244992" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Why we need to transform the Arctic Ocean into a North Pole marine reserve" href="/why-we-need-to-transform-the-arctic-ocean-into-a-north-pole-marine-reserve-244992"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#604f32"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/639260/original/file-20241217-15-vc5dyi.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=729%2C0%2C1407%2C1407&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="639260"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Kirsten Young has been monitoring wildlife in the Arctic Ocean. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Danielle Zalcman</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-02T15:54:17Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 2, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/why-we-need-to-transform-the-arctic-ocean-into-a-north-pole-marine-reserve-244992">Why we need to transform the Arctic Ocean into a North Pole marine reserve</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kirsten-freja-young-2272688">Kirsten Freja Young</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/brendan-godley-1327174">Brendan Godley</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Explorer Pen Hadow is campaigning for a North Pole marine reserve to protect the Arctic’s peoples, its species and its natural landscape.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="246210" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Does taking part in Veganuary put people off meat in the long term? Here’s what the evidence shows" href="/does-taking-part-in-veganuary-put-people-off-meat-in-the-long-term-heres-what-the-evidence-shows-246210"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9d6b54"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/640137/original/file-20241223-15-ratqew.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1041%2C0%2C3997%2C3997&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="640137"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Daria Kulkova / Alamy Stock Photo</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-02T12:29:03Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 2, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/does-taking-part-in-veganuary-put-people-off-meat-in-the-long-term-heres-what-the-evidence-shows-246210">Does taking part in Veganuary put people off meat in the long term? Here’s what the evidence shows</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/natalia-lawrence-271488">Natalia Lawrence</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elisa-becker-1416319">Elisa Becker</a>, <em>University of Oxford</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sophie-hearn-1966222">Sophie Hearn</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>In 2024, 25 million people gave up meat for Veganuary. For many, it was a lasting change.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="246362" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="The Mirror and the Light: the series takes Hilary Mantel’s manifesto for historical fiction to heart" href="/the-mirror-and-the-light-the-series-takes-hilary-mantels-manifesto-for-historical-fiction-to-heart-246362"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#2c3654"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/639840/original/file-20241219-17-nzlrgk.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=478%2C0%2C3314%2C3312&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="639840"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">BBC/Playground Entertainment/Nick Briggs</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-12-20T12:48:36Z" data-format="tc_date"> December 20, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/the-mirror-and-the-light-the-series-takes-hilary-mantels-manifesto-for-historical-fiction-to-heart-246362">The Mirror and the Light: the series takes Hilary Mantel’s manifesto for historical fiction to heart</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/james-clark-277248">James Clark</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Hilary Mantel stressed she was concerned with depicting the outer world faithfully but her chief concern was her character’s interior drama. This adaptation shows how much she strayed from that</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="244884" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="How tiny hoverflies migrate thousands of miles" href="/how-tiny-hoverflies-migrate-thousands-of-miles-244884"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9e6f57"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/637875/original/file-20241211-15-k3zqf8.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=649%2C0%2C1253%2C1253&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="637875"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> A tethered <em>Episyrphus balteatus</em> hoverfly. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Richard Massy</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-12-13T12:47:11Z" data-format="tc_date"> December 13, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/how-tiny-hoverflies-migrate-thousands-of-miles-244884">How tiny hoverflies migrate thousands of miles</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-j-massy-2271299">Richard J. Massy</a>, <em>University of Exeter</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>New research shows how hoverflies adapt so they can migrate extremely long distances.</span> </div> </article> </div> <nav class="pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="pager"> <span class="page current"> 1 </span> <span class="page"> <a rel="next" href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190?page=2">2</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190?page=3">3</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190?page=4">4</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190?page=5">5</a> </span> <span class="page gap"></span> <span class="next"> <a rel="next" href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190?page=2"><i class="icon-caret-right" title="Next"></i></a> </span> <span class="last"> <a href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190?page=26">Last</a> </span> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="grid-six large-grid-eight grid-last"> <div id="jobs-and-events" class="grid-six large-grid-four"> </div> <div id="contributors" class="grid-six large-grid-four grid-last"> <section id="experts" class="article-section"> <h3 class="border">Authors</h3> <ol class="semantic article-authors"> <li class="vcard" id="author-2298713" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/adam-hanieh-2298713"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2298713/width170/photo_%281%29.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Adam Hanieh </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of Political Economy and Global Development, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2311371" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/aditya-deshbandhu-2311371"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2311371/width170/20201114_195017-740x1024.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Aditya Deshbandhu </span> </a> <p class="role"> Lecturer of Communications, Digital Media Sociology, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2255107" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/anna-christina-bowland-2255107"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2255107/width170/file-20241108-15-sif5ha.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Anna Christina Bowland </span> </a> <p class="role"> PhD Candidate in Biosciences, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2326993" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/annette-broderick-2326993"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2326993/width170/photo_%285%29.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Annette Broderick </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of Marine Conservation, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2317122" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/arpita-ghosh-2317122"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2317122/width170/Screenshot_2025-02-05_at_17.00.23.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Arpita Ghosh </span> </a> <p class="role"> Lecturer in Economics, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1303691" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/ennia-bosshard-1303691"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1303691/width170/image-20250129-17-j565ud.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Ennia Bosshard </span> </a> <p class="role"> PhD candidate at the Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2311378" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/joanna-lheureux-2311378"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2311378/width170/image-20250203-15-5dclvj.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Joanna L'Heureux </span> </a> <p class="role"> Postdoctoral Researcher, Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-227909" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/john-heathershaw-227909"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/227909/width170/heathershaw.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> John Heathershaw </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor in International Relations, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2322000" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/mollie-rickwood-2322000"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2322000/width170/file-20250211-17-p66yzs.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Mollie Rickwood </span> </a> <p class="role"> PhD Researcher, Marine Conservation, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2307238" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/morwenna-ludlow-2307238"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2307238/width170/file-20250124-17-8scdea.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Morwenna Ludlow </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of Christian History and Theology, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-271488" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/natalia-lawrence-271488"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/271488/width170/Natalia_Lawrence.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Natalia Lawrence </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate Professor in Translational Medicine, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1255597" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/paul-oconnor-1255597"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1255597/width170/file-20210730-18-1pd41ui.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Paul O'Connor </span> </a> <p class="role"> Senior lecturer in Sociology, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1516813" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/robin-snape-1516813"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1516813/width170/file-20240315-16-kqsofk.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Robin Snape </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate Researcher, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2316421" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/tom-mayne-2316421"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2316421/width170/thomas-mayne2022.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Tom Mayne </span> </a> <p class="role"> Research Fellow in Corruption Studies, University of Exeter </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-379809" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/william-rees-379809"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/379809/width170/image-20180625-19382-cqsg11.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> William Rees </span> </a> <p class="role"> Doctor of History, University of Exeter </p> </li> </ol> <p class="more"> <a class="button right" href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190/authors">More Authors</a> </p> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footers"> <section class="footer-primary"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DUkhOcnF1Ef1MpuKtGr7rbBAawO4XV48">Editorial Policies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/global/community-standards">Community standards</a> </li> <li> <a 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e&&this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler&&(e=this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments)),"object"==typeof e&&(e={...e}),e||(e={}),null==t)return"";Array.isArray(t)||(t=[String(t)]);const r=void 0!==e.returnDetails?e.returnDetails:this.options.returnDetails,o=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,{key:i,namespaces:s}=this.extractFromKey(t[t.length-1],e),a=s[s.length-1],u=e.lng||this.language,c=e.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if("cimode"===u?.toLowerCase()){if(c){const t=e.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator;return r?{res:`${a}${t}${i}`,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:`${a}${t}${i}`}return r?{res:i,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:i}const f=this.resolve(t,e);let p=f?.res;const h=f?.usedKey||i,d=f?.exactUsedKey||i,g=Object.prototype.toString.apply(p),v=void 0!==e.joinArrays?e.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays,y=!this.i18nFormat||this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject,m=!l(p)&&"boolean"!=typeof p&&"number"!=typeof p;if(!(y&&p&&m&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(g)<0)||l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))if(y&&l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))p=p.join(v),p&&(p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,n));else{let r=!1,s=!1;const c=void 0!==e.count&&!l(e.count),h=T.hasDefaultValue(e),d=c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,e):"",g=e.ordinal&&c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,{ordinal:!1}):"",v=c&&!e.ordinal&&0===e.count,y=v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]||e[`defaultValue${d}`]||e[`defaultValue${g}`]||e.defaultValue;!this.isValidLookup(p)&&h&&(r=!0,p=y),this.isValidLookup(p)||(s=!0,p=i);const m=(e.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey||this.options.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey)&&s?void 0:p,b=h&&y!==p&&this.options.updateMissing;if(s||r||b){if(this.logger.log(b?"updateKey":"missingKey",u,a,i,b?y:p),o){const t=this.resolve(i,{...e,keySeparator:!1});t&&t.res&&this.logger.warn("Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let t=[];const n=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,e.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&n&&n[0])for(let e=0;e<n.length;e++)t.push(n[e]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e.lng||this.language):t.push(e.lng||this.language);const r=(t,n,r)=>{const o=h&&r!==p?r:m;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(t,a,n,o,b,e):this.backendConnector?.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(t,a,n,o,b,e),this.emit("missingKey",t,a,n,p)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?t.forEach((t=>{const n=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(t,e);v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&n.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&n.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),n.forEach((n=>{r([t],i+n,e[`defaultValue${n}`]||y)}))})):r(t,i,y))}p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,f,n),s&&p===i&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(p=`${a}:${i}`),(s||r)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(p=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${i}`:i,r?p:void 0))}else{if(!e.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const t=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(h,p,{...e,ns:s}):`key '${i} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return r?(f.res=t,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):t}if(o){const t=Array.isArray(p),n=t?[]:{},r=t?d:h;for(const t in p)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(p,t)){const i=`${r}${o}${t}`;n[t]=this.translate(i,{...e,joinArrays:!1,ns:s}),n[t]===i&&(n[t]=p[t])}p=n}}return r?(f.res=p,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):p}extendTranslation(t,e,n,r,o){var i=this;if(this.i18nFormat?.parse)t=this.i18nFormat.parse(t,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...n},n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,r.usedNS,r.usedKey,{resolved:r});else if(!n.skipInterpolation){n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...n,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...n.interpolation}});const s=l(t)&&(void 0!==n?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?n.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=e&&e.length}let u=n.replace&&!l(n.replace)?n.replace:n;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(u={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...u}),t=this.interpolator.interpolate(t,u,n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,n),s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(e&&e.length)&&(n.nest=!1)}!n.lng&&r&&r.res&&(n.lng=this.language||r.usedLng),!1!==n.nest&&(t=this.interpolator.nest(t,(function(){for(var t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)r[s]=arguments[s];return o?.[0]!==r[0]||n.context?i.translate(...r,e):(i.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${r[0]} in key: ${e[0]}`),null)}),n)),n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const s=n.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a=l(s)?[s]:s;return null!=t&&a?.length&&!1!==n.applyPostProcessor&&(t=A.handle(a,t,e,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...r,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(n)},...n}:n,this)),t}resolve(t){let e,n,r,o,i,s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(t,s),u=a.key;n=u;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const f=void 0!==s.count&&!l(s.count),p=f&&!s.ordinal&&0===s.count,h=void 0!==s.context&&(l(s.context)||"number"==typeof s.context)&&""!==s.context,d=s.lngs?s.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(s.lng||this.language,s.fallbackLng);c.forEach((t=>{this.isValidLookup(e)||(i=t,$[`${d[0]}-${t}`]||!this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(i)||($[`${d[0]}-${t}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${n}" for languages "${d.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${i}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")),d.forEach((n=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;o=n;const i=[u];if(this.i18nFormat?.addLookupKeys)this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(i,u,n,t,s);else{let t;f&&(t=this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(n,s.count,s));const e=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`,r=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}ordinal${this.options.pluralSeparator}`;if(f&&(i.push(u+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(u+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(u+e)),h){const n=`${u}${this.options.contextSeparator}${s.context}`;i.push(n),f&&(i.push(n+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(n+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(n+e))}}let a;for(;a=i.pop();)this.isValidLookup(e)||(r=a,e=this.getResource(n,t,a,s))})))}))})),{res:e,usedKey:n,exactUsedKey:r,usedLng:o,usedNS:i}}isValidLookup(t){return!(void 0===t||!this.options.returnNull&&null===t||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===t)}getResource(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat?.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(t,e,n,r):this.resourceStore.getResource(t,e,n,r)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const e=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],n=t.replace&&!l(t.replace);let r=n?t.replace:t;if(n&&void 0!==t.count&&(r.count=t.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(r={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...r}),!n){r={...r};for(const t of e)delete r[t]}return r}static hasDefaultValue(t){const e="defaultValue";for(const n in t)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&e===n.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==t[n])return!0;return!1}}class I{constructor(t){this.options=t,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=E.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const e=t.split("-");return 2===e.length?null:(e.pop(),"x"===e[e.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(e.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return t;const e=t.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(e[0])}formatLanguageCode(t){if(l(t)&&t.indexOf("-")>-1){let e;try{e=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(t)[0]}catch(t){}return e&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(e=e.toLowerCase()),e||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t}isSupportedCode(t){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(t=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(t)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(t){if(!t)return null;let e;return t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.formatLanguageCode(t);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(n)||(e=n)})),!e&&this.options.supportedLngs&&t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);if(this.isSupportedCode(n))return e=n;e=this.options.supportedLngs.find((t=>t===n?t:t.indexOf("-")<0&&n.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:t.indexOf("-")>0&&n.indexOf("-")<0&&t.substring(0,t.indexOf("-"))===n||0===t.indexOf(n)&&n.length>1?t:void 0))})),e||(e=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),e}getFallbackCodes(t,e){if(!t)return[];if("function"==typeof t&&(t=t(e)),l(t)&&(t=[t]),Array.isArray(t))return t;if(!e)return t.default||[];let n=t[e];return n||(n=t[this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.formatLanguageCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t.default),n||[]}toResolveHierarchy(t,e){const n=this.getFallbackCodes(e||this.options.fallbackLng||[],t),r=[],o=t=>{t&&(this.isSupportedCode(t)?r.push(t):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${t}`))};return l(t)&&(t.indexOf("-")>-1||t.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))):l(t)&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),n.forEach((t=>{r.indexOf(t)<0&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t))})),r}}const F={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},D={select:t=>1===t?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class M{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=t,this.options=e,this.logger=E.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(t,e){this.rules[t]=e}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const 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t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};t.interpolation||(t.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});const{escape:e,escapeValue:n,useRawValueToEscape:r,prefix:o,prefixEscaped:i,suffix:s,suffixEscaped:a,formatSeparator:u,unescapeSuffix:c,unescapePrefix:l,nestingPrefix:f,nestingPrefixEscaped:p,nestingSuffix:h,nestingSuffixEscaped:d,nestingOptionsSeparator:g,maxReplaces:v,alwaysFormat:y}=t.interpolation;this.escape=void 0!==e?e:O,this.escapeValue=void 0===n||n,this.useRawValueToEscape=void 0!==r&&r,this.prefix=o?x(o):i||"{{",this.suffix=s?x(s):a||"}}",this.formatSeparator=u||",",this.unescapePrefix=c?"":l||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":c||"",this.nestingPrefix=f?x(f):p||x("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=h?x(h):d||x(")"),this.nestingOptionsSeparator=g||",",this.maxReplaces=v||1e3,this.alwaysFormat=void 0!==y&&y,this.resetRegExp()}reset(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)}resetRegExp(){const t=(t,e)=>t?.source===e?(t.lastIndex=0,t):new 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i=`{${r[1]}`;t=r[0],i=this.interpolate(i,o);const s=i.match(/'/g),a=i.match(/"/g);((s?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(i=i.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{o=JSON.parse(i),e&&(o={...e,...o})}catch(e){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${t}`,e),`${t}${n}${i}`}return o.defaultValue&&o.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete o.defaultValue,t};for(;n=this.nestingRegexp.exec(t);){let a=[];o={...i},o=o.replace&&!l(o.replace)?o.replace:o,o.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete o.defaultValue;let u=!1;if(-1!==n[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(n[1])){const t=n[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((t=>t.trim()));n[1]=t.shift(),a=t,u=!0}if(r=e(s.call(this,n[1].trim(),o),o),r&&n[0]===t&&!l(r))return r;l(r)||(r=p(r)),r||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${n[1]} for nesting ${t}`),r=""),u&&(r=a.reduce(((t,e)=>this.format(t,e,i.lng,{...i,interpolationkey:n[1].trim()})),r.trim())),t=t.replace(n[0],r),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return t}}const H=t=>{const e={};return(n,r,o)=>{let i=o;o&&o.interpolationkey&&o.formatParams&&o.formatParams[o.interpolationkey]&&o[o.interpolationkey]&&(i={...i,[o.interpolationkey]:void 0});const s=r+JSON.stringify(i);let a=e[s];return a||(a=t(L(r),o),e[s]=a),a(n)}};class K{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("formatter"),this.options=t,this.formats={number:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),currency:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e,style:"currency"});return t=>n.format(t)})),datetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),relativetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t,e.range||"day")})),list:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.ListFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)}))},this.init(t)}init(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};this.formatSeparator=e.interpolation.formatSeparator||","}add(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=e}addCached(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=H(e)}format(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const o=e.split(this.formatSeparator);if(o.length>1&&o[0].indexOf("(")>1&&o[0].indexOf(")")<0&&o.find((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1))){const t=o.findIndex((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1));o[0]=[o[0],...o.splice(1,t)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return o.reduce(((t,e)=>{const{formatName:o,formatOptions:i}=(t=>{let e=t.toLowerCase().trim();const n={};if(t.indexOf("(")>-1){const r=t.split("(");e=r[0].toLowerCase().trim();const o=r[1].substring(0,r[1].length-1);"currency"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.currency||(n.currency=o.trim()):"relativetime"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.range||(n.range=o.trim()):o.split(";").forEach((t=>{if(t){const[e,...r]=t.split(":"),o=r.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),i=e.trim();n[i]||(n[i]=o),"false"===o&&(n[i]=!1),"true"===o&&(n[i]=!0),isNaN(o)||(n[i]=parseInt(o,10))}}))}return{formatName:e,formatOptions:n}})(e);if(this.formats[o]){let e=t;try{const s=r?.formatParams?.[r.interpolationkey]||{},a=s.locale||s.lng||r.locale||r.lng||n;e=this.formats[o](t,a,{...i,...r,...s})}catch(t){this.logger.warn(t)}return e}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${o}`),t}),t)}}class z extends C{constructor(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=t,this.store=e,this.services=n,this.languageUtils=n.languageUtils,this.options=r,this.logger=E.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=r.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=r.maxRetries>=0?r.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=r.retryTimeout>=1?r.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend?.init?.(n,r.backend,r)}queueLoad(t,e,n,r){const o={},i={},s={},a={};return t.forEach((t=>{let r=!0;e.forEach((e=>{const s=`${t}|${e}`;!n.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(t,e)?this.state[s]=2:this.state[s]<0||(1===this.state[s]?void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0):(this.state[s]=1,r=!1,void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0),void 0===o[s]&&(o[s]=!0),void 0===a[e]&&(a[e]=!0)))})),r||(s[t]=!0)})),(Object.keys(o).length||Object.keys(i).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:i,pendingCount:Object.keys(i).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:r}),{toLoad:Object.keys(o),pending:Object.keys(i),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(s),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(t,e,n){const r=t.split("|"),o=r[0],i=r[1];e&&this.emit("failedLoading",o,i,e),!e&&n&&this.store.addResourceBundle(o,i,n,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[t]=e?-1:2,e&&n&&(this.state[t]=0);const s={};this.queue.forEach((n=>{((t,e,n)=>{const{obj:r,k:o}=v(t,e,Object);r[o]=r[o]||[],r[o].push(n)})(n.loaded,[o],i),((t,e)=>{void 0!==t.pending[e]&&(delete t.pending[e],t.pendingCount--)})(n,t),e&&n.errors.push(e),0!==n.pendingCount||n.done||(Object.keys(n.loaded).forEach((t=>{s[t]||(s[t]={});const e=n.loaded[t];e.length&&e.forEach((e=>{void 0===s[t][e]&&(s[t][e]=!0)}))})),n.done=!0,n.errors.length?n.callback(n.errors):n.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",s),this.queue=this.queue.filter((t=>!t.done))}read(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,o=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:this.retryTimeout,i=arguments.length>5?arguments[5]:void 0;if(!t.length)return i(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:t,ns:e,fcName:n,tried:r,wait:o,callback:i});this.readingCalls++;const s=(s,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const t=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(t.lng,t.ns,t.fcName,t.tried,t.wait,t.callback)}s&&a&&r<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,t,e,n,r+1,2*o,i)}),o):i(s,a)},a=this.backend[n].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(t,e,s);try{const n=a(t,e);n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,n)}catch(t){s(t)}}prepareLoading(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),r&&r();l(t)&&(t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t)),l(e)&&(e=[e]);const o=this.queueLoad(t,e,n,r);if(!o.toLoad.length)return o.pending.length||r(),null;o.toLoad.forEach((t=>{this.loadOne(t)}))}load(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{},n)}reload(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{reload:!0},n)}loadOne(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const n=t.split("|"),r=n[0],o=n[1];this.read(r,o,"read",void 0,void 0,((n,i)=>{n&&this.logger.warn(`${e}loading namespace ${o} for language ${r} failed`,n),!n&&i&&this.logger.log(`${e}loaded namespace ${o} for language ${r}`,i),this.loaded(t,n,i)}))}saveMissing(t,e,n,r,o){let i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},s=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(!this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(e)){if(null!=n&&""!==n){if(this.backend?.create){const a={...i,isUpdate:o},u=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(u.length<6)try{let o;o=5===u.length?u(t,e,n,r,a):u(t,e,n,r),o&&"function"==typeof o.then?o.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,o)}catch(t){s(t)}else u(t,e,n,r,s,a)}t&&t[0]&&this.store.addResource(t[0],e,n,r)}}else this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${n}" as the namespace "${e}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")}}const B=()=>({debug:!1,initAsync:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:t=>{let e={};if("object"==typeof t[1]&&(e=t[1]),l(t[1])&&(e.defaultValue=t[1]),l(t[2])&&(e.tDescription=t[2]),"object"==typeof t[2]||"object"==typeof t[3]){const n=t[3]||t[2];Object.keys(n).forEach((t=>{e[t]=n[t]}))}return e},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:t=>t,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),q=t=>(l(t.ns)&&(t.ns=[t.ns]),l(t.fallbackLng)&&(t.fallbackLng=[t.fallbackLng]),l(t.fallbackNS)&&(t.fallbackNS=[t.fallbackNS]),t.supportedLngs?.indexOf?.("cimode")<0&&(t.supportedLngs=t.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),"boolean"==typeof t.initImmediate&&(t.initAsync=t.initImmediate),t),G=()=>{};class J extends C{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var n;if(super(),this.options=q(t),this.services={},this.logger=E,this.modules={external:[]},n=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(n)).forEach((t=>{"function"==typeof n[t]&&(n[t]=n[t].bind(n))})),e&&!this.isInitialized&&!t.isClone){if(!this.options.initAsync)return this.init(t,e),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(t,e)}),0)}}init(){var t=this;let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e={}),null==e.defaultNS&&e.ns&&(l(e.ns)?e.defaultNS=e.ns:e.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(e.defaultNS=e.ns[0]));const r=B();this.options={...r,...this.options,...q(e)},this.options.interpolation={...r.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation},void 0!==e.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=e.keySeparator),void 0!==e.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=e.nsSeparator);const o=t=>t?"function"==typeof t?new t:t:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let e;this.modules.logger?E.init(o(this.modules.logger),this.options):E.init(null,this.options),e=this.modules.formatter?this.modules.formatter:K;const n=new I(this.options);this.store=new N(this.options.resources,this.options);const i=this.services;i.logger=E,i.resourceStore=this.store,i.languageUtils=n,i.pluralResolver=new M(n,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!e||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==r.interpolation.format||(i.formatter=o(e),i.formatter.init(i,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=i.formatter.format.bind(i.formatter)),i.interpolator=new _(this.options),i.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},i.backendConnector=new z(o(this.modules.backend),i.resourceStore,i,this.options),i.backendConnector.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(i.languageDetector=o(this.modules.languageDetector),i.languageDetector.init&&i.languageDetector.init(i,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(i.i18nFormat=o(this.modules.i18nFormat),i.i18nFormat.init&&i.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new T(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.external.forEach((t=>{t.init&&t.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,n||(n=G),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const t=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);t.length>0&&"dev"!==t[0]&&(this.options.lng=t[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments),t}}));const i=f(),s=()=>{const t=(t,e)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),i.resolve(e),n(t,e)};if(this.languages&&!this.isInitialized)return t(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,t)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initAsync?s():setTimeout(s,0),i}loadResources(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:G;const n=l(t)?t:this.language;if("function"==typeof t&&(e=t),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if("cimode"===n?.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return e();const t=[],r=e=>{if(!e)return;if("cimode"===e)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e).forEach((e=>{"cimode"!==e&&t.indexOf(e)<0&&t.push(e)}))};if(n)r(n);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((t=>r(t)))}this.options.preload?.forEach?.((t=>r(t))),this.services.backendConnector.load(t,this.options.ns,(t=>{t||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),e(t)}))}else e(null)}reloadResources(t,e,n){const r=f();return"function"==typeof t&&(n=t,t=void 0),"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e=void 0),t||(t=this.languages),e||(e=this.options.ns),n||(n=G),this.services.backendConnector.reload(t,e,(t=>{r.resolve(),n(t)})),r}use(t){if(!t)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!t.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===t.type&&(this.modules.backend=t),("logger"===t.type||t.log&&t.warn&&t.error)&&(this.modules.logger=t),"languageDetector"===t.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=t),"i18nFormat"===t.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=t),"postProcessor"===t.type&&A.addPostProcessor(t),"formatter"===t.type&&(this.modules.formatter=t),"3rdParty"===t.type&&this.modules.external.push(t),this}setResolvedLanguage(t){if(t&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1))for(let t=0;t<this.languages.length;t++){const e=this.languages[t];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(e)){this.resolvedLanguage=e;break}}}changeLanguage(t,e){var n=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=t;const r=f();this.emit("languageChanging",t);const o=t=>{this.language=t,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(t)},i=(t,i)=>{i?(o(i),this.translator.changeLanguage(i),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",i),this.logger.log("languageChanged",i)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,r.resolve((function(){return n.t(...arguments)})),e&&e(t,(function(){return n.t(...arguments)}))},s=e=>{t||e||!this.services.languageDetector||(e=[]);const n=l(e)?e:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(e);n&&(this.language||o(n),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(n),this.services.languageDetector?.cacheUserLanguage?.(n)),this.loadResources(n,(t=>{i(t,n)}))};return t||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!t&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(s):this.services.languageDetector.detect(s):s(t):s(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),r}getFixedT(t,e,n){var r=this;const o=function(t,e){let i;if("object"!=typeof e){for(var s=arguments.length,a=new Array(s>2?s-2:0),u=2;u<s;u++)a[u-2]=arguments[u];i=r.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([t,e].concat(a))}else i={...e};i.lng=i.lng||o.lng,i.lngs=i.lngs||o.lngs,i.ns=i.ns||o.ns,""!==i.keyPrefix&&(i.keyPrefix=i.keyPrefix||n||o.keyPrefix);const c=r.options.keySeparator||".";let l;return l=i.keyPrefix&&Array.isArray(t)?t.map((t=>`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${t}`)):i.keyPrefix?`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${t}`:t,r.t(l,i)};return l(t)?o.lng=t:o.lngs=t,o.ns=e,o.keyPrefix=n,o}t(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.translator?.translate(...e)}exists(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.translator?.exists(...e)}setDefaultNamespace(t){this.options.defaultNS=t}hasLoadedNamespace(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!this.isInitialized)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized",this.languages),!1;if(!this.languages||!this.languages.length)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty",this.languages),!1;const n=e.lng||this.resolvedLanguage||this.languages[0],r=!!this.options&&this.options.fallbackLng,o=this.languages[this.languages.length-1];if("cimode"===n.toLowerCase())return!0;const i=(t,e)=>{const n=this.services.backendConnector.state[`${t}|${e}`];return-1===n||0===n||2===n};if(e.precheck){const t=e.precheck(this,i);if(void 0!==t)return t}return!!this.hasResourceBundle(n,t)||(!(this.services.backendConnector.backend&&(!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages))||!(!i(n,t)||r&&!i(o,t)))}loadNamespaces(t,e){const n=f();return this.options.ns?(l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{this.options.ns.indexOf(t)<0&&this.options.ns.push(t)})),this.loadResources((t=>{n.resolve(),e&&e(t)})),n):(e&&e(),Promise.resolve())}loadLanguages(t,e){const n=f();l(t)&&(t=[t]);const 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