CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Catheter - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c7ced149-73a9-4b9a-bb24-ba408a2a48d5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Catheter","wgTitle":"Catheter","wgCurRevisionId":1254887678,"wgRevisionId":1254887678,"wgArticleId":291838,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use American English from January 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from January 2019","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Catheters"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage": "en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Catheter","wgRelevantArticleId":291838,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q652297","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Catheter_dissasembled.jpg/1200px-Catheter_dissasembled.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="592"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Catheter_dissasembled.jpg/800px-Catheter_dissasembled.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="394"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Catheter_dissasembled.jpg/640px-Catheter_dissasembled.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="316"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Catheter - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catheter"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catheter"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Catheter rootpage-Catheter skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Catheter" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Catheter" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Catheter" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Catheter" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_inventors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_inventors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancient inventors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_inventors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Materials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Materials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Materials subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urinary_catheters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urinary_catheters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Urinary catheters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urinary_catheters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catheters_used_in_interventional_procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catheters_used_in_interventional_procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Catheters used in interventional procedures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catheters_used_in_interventional_procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interventional_procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interventional_procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interventional procedures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interventional_procedures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interventional procedures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interventional_procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diagnostic_catheters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnostic_catheters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Diagnostic catheters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnostic_catheters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balloon_catheters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balloon_catheters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Balloon catheters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balloon_catheters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialysis_catheters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialysis_catheters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dialysis catheters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialysis_catheters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catheter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1" title="قسطر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قسطر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ক্যাথেটার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাথেটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Катетър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Катетър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A8ter" title="Catèter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catèter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katetr" title="Katetr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katetr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katheter" title="Katheter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katheter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Καθετήρας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καθετήρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9ter" title="Catéter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catéter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katetero" title="Katetero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katetero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کاتتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9ter" title="Cathéter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cathéter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catait%C3%A9ar" title="Cataitéar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cataitéar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9ter" title="Catéter – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Catéter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%85%8C%ED%84%B0" title="카테터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카테터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80" title="Կաթետր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաթետր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katetero" title="Katetero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Katetero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catetere" title="Catetere – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catetere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A8" title="צנתר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צנתר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%90%D9%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="کیتھِٹَر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کیتھِٹَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Катетер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Катетер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Катетер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Катетер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catheter" title="Catheter – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Catheter" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateteris" title="Kateteris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kateteris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C3%A9ter" title="Katéter – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Katéter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="കത്തീറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കത്തീറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katheter" title="Katheter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katheter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB" title="カテーテル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カテーテル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter_(verkt%C3%B8y)" title="Kateter (verktøy) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kateter (verktøy)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkt%C3%B8yet_kateter" title="Verktøyet kateter – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Verktøyet kateter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کتيتر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کتيتر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cewnik" title="Cewnik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cewnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cateter" title="Cateter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cateter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cateter" title="Cateter – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cateter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Катетер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Катетер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C3%A9ter" title="Katéter – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katéter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katetri" title="Katetri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katetri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="வடிகுழாய் (மருத்துவம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வடிகுழாய் (மருத்துவம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kateter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Катетер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Катетер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%94%A8%E5%B0%8E%E7%AE%A1" title="醫用導管 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="醫用導管" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q652297#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catheter" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Catheter" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catheter"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catheter"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Catheter" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Catheter" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&oldid=1254887678" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Catheter&id=1254887678&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCatheter"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCatheter"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Catheter&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catheters" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q652297" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical tubes inserted in the body to extract or administer substances</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #00BFFF">Catheter</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Catheter_dissasembled.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Catheter_dissasembled.jpg/280px-Catheter_dissasembled.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Catheter_dissasembled.jpg/420px-Catheter_dissasembled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Catheter_dissasembled.jpg/560px-Catheter_dissasembled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="705" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Catheter disassembled</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652297" class="extiw" title="d:Q652297">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, a <b>catheter</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KA</span>-thə-tər</i></a>) is a thin <a href="/wiki/Tubing_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubing (material)">tube</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Medical_grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical grade">medical grade</a> materials serving a broad range of functions. Catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat diseases or perform a surgical procedure. Catheters are manufactured for specific applications, such as cardiovascular, urological, gastrointestinal, neurovascular and ophthalmic procedures. The process of inserting a catheter is called <i>catheterization</i>. </p><p>In most uses, a catheter is a thin, flexible tube (<i>soft</i> catheter) though catheters are available in varying levels of stiffness depending on the application. A catheter left inside the body, either temporarily or permanently, may be referred to as an "indwelling catheter" (for example, a <a href="/wiki/Peripherally_inserted_central_catheter" title="Peripherally inserted central catheter">peripherally inserted central catheter</a>). A permanently inserted catheter may be referred to as a "permcath" (originally a trademark). </p><p>Catheters can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel, brain, skin or adipose tissue. Functionally, they allow drainage, administration of fluids or gases, access by surgical instruments, and also perform a wide variety of other tasks depending on the type of catheter.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Special types of catheters, also called probes, are used in preclinical or clinical research for sampling of lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> protein-bound and unbound drugs,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> neurotransmitters, peptides and proteins, antibodies,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nanoparticle" title="Nanoparticle">nanoparticles</a> and nanocarriers, enzymes and vesicles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Catheter" (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καθετήρ</span></span> <i>kathetḗr</i>) comes from the Greek verb <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καθίεμαι</span></span> <i>kathíemai</i>, meaning "to thrust into" or "to send down" because the catheter allowed fluid to be "sent down" from the body.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In_line_suction_catheter_placement_in_ventilator_circuit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/In_line_suction_catheter_placement_in_ventilator_circuit.png/220px-In_line_suction_catheter_placement_in_ventilator_circuit.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/In_line_suction_catheter_placement_in_ventilator_circuit.png/330px-In_line_suction_catheter_placement_in_ventilator_circuit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/In_line_suction_catheter_placement_in_ventilator_circuit.png/440px-In_line_suction_catheter_placement_in_ventilator_circuit.png 2x" data-file-width="2554" data-file-height="1385" /></a><figcaption>In-line suction catheter used in ventilator circuit for delivering air into lungs</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urinary_catheter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Urinary_catheter.JPG/220px-Urinary_catheter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Urinary_catheter.JPG/330px-Urinary_catheter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Urinary_catheter.JPG/440px-Urinary_catheter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Single-use urinary catheter, 40 cm</figcaption></figure> <p>Placement of a catheter into a particular part of the body may allow: </p> <ul><li>Draining <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">urinary bladder</a> as in <a href="/wiki/Urinary_catheterization" title="Urinary catheterization">urinary catheterization</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Intermittent_catheter" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermittent catheter">intermittent catheters</a> or <a href="/wiki/Foley_catheter" title="Foley catheter">Foley catheter</a> inserted through <a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">urethra</a>. When the urethra is damaged, <a href="/wiki/Suprapubic_cystostomy" title="Suprapubic cystostomy">suprapubic catheterisation</a> is used instead. The suprapubic catheter is inserted through the lower part of the abdomen directly into the urinary bladder.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>drainage of urine from the kidney by percutaneous (through the skin) <a href="/wiki/Nephrostomy" title="Nephrostomy">nephrostomy</a></li> <li>drainage of fluid collections, e.g. an abdominal <a href="/wiki/Abscess" title="Abscess">abscess</a></li> <li>pigtail catheter: used to drain air from around the lung (<a href="/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">pneumothorax</a>)</li> <li>administration of <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">intravenous</a> fluids, <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medication</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parenteral_nutrition" title="Parenteral nutrition">parenteral nutrition</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_venous_catheter" title="Peripheral venous catheter">peripheral venous catheter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Central_venous_catheter" title="Central venous catheter">central venous catheter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angioplasty" title="Angioplasty">angioplasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angiography" title="Angiography">angiography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balloon_septostomy" title="Balloon septostomy">balloon septostomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinuplasty_(procedure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinuplasty (procedure)">balloon sinuplasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_electrophysiology" title="Cardiac electrophysiology">cardiac electrophysiology testing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catheter_ablation" title="Catheter ablation">catheter ablation</a>. Often the <a href="/wiki/Seldinger_technique" title="Seldinger technique">Seldinger technique</a> is used.</li> <li>direct measurement of <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">artery</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">vein</a></li> <li>direct measurement of <a href="/wiki/Intracranial_pressure" title="Intracranial pressure">intracranial pressure</a></li> <li>administration of <a href="/wiki/Anaesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaesthetic">anaesthetic</a> medication into the <a href="/wiki/Epidural" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidural">epidural</a> space, the <a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Subarachnoid space">subarachnoid space</a>, or around a major nerve bundle such as the <a href="/wiki/Brachial_plexus" title="Brachial plexus">brachial plexus</a></li> <li>transfer of fertilized embryos, from <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="In vitro fertilization">in vitro fertilization</a>, or sperm, during <a href="/wiki/Artificial_insemination" title="Artificial insemination">artificial insemination</a>, into the uterus</li> <li>administration of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volatile_anaesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volatile anaesthetic">volatile anesthetic agents</a>, and other breathing gases into the lungs using a <a href="/wiki/Tracheal_tube" title="Tracheal tube">tracheal tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcutis" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutis">subcutaneous</a> administration of <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> or other medications, with the use of an <a href="/wiki/Infusion_set" title="Infusion set">infusion set</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insulin_pump" title="Insulin pump">insulin pump</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_inventors">Ancient inventors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient inventors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_catheters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Roman_catheters.jpg/220px-Roman_catheters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Roman_catheters.jpg/330px-Roman_catheters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Roman_catheters.jpg/440px-Roman_catheters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption>Catheters from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, 1st century AD</figcaption></figure> <p>Ancient Chinese used onion stalks, the Romans, Hindus, and Greeks used tubes of wood or precious metals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient Egyptians created catheters from <a href="/wiki/Reed_(plant)" title="Reed (plant)">reeds</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest invention of the flexible catheter was during the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extending his inventiveness to his family's medical problems, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> invented the flexible catheter in 1752 when his brother John suffered from bladder stones. Franklin's catheter was made of metal with segments hinged together with a wire enclosed to provide rigidity during insertion.<sup id="cite_ref-Minnesota_Historical_Society_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minnesota_Historical_Society-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a footnote in his letter in Volume 4 of the Papers of Benjamin Franklin (1959), Franklin credits Francesco Roncelli-Pardino from 1720 as the inventor of a flexible catheter. In fact, Franklin claims the flexible catheter may have been designed even earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early modern application of the catheter was employed by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude Bernard</a> for the purpose of cardiac catheterization in 1844. The procedure involved entering a horse's ventricles via the jugular vein and carotid artery.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssman</a> first performed <a href="/wiki/Central_venous_catheter" title="Central venous catheter">central venous catheterization</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> work which led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_catheterization" title="Cardiac catheterization">cardiac catherization</a> as a treatment, for which he, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André F. Cournand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Dickinson W. Richards</a> would win the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize for Medicine</a> in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central venous catheterization allows for continuous administration of medications, fluids and blood products to a large vein, particularly in critically ill patients.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardiac catheterization is the insertion of a catheter into one of the chambers of the heart, which is used for imaging, diagnosis, and the placement of devices such as stents.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_S._Sheridan" title="David S. Sheridan">David S. Sheridan</a> invented the modern disposable catheter in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, some reusable catheters consisted of braided cotton tubes, which were varnished, heat-treated and polished. As these were primarily produced in France, the advent of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> threatened the supply chain.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheridan was dubbed the "Catheter King" by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes (magazine)">Forbes</a></i> magazine in 1988. He also invented the modern "disposable" plastic <a href="/wiki/Endotracheal_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Endotracheal tube">endotracheal tube</a> now used routinely in surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other reusable catheters consisted of red rubber tubes. Although sterilized prior to reuse, they still posed a high risk of infection and often led to the spread of disease.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 142">: 142 </span></sup> </p><p>To prevent <a href="/wiki/Clotting" class="mw-redirect" title="Clotting">clotting</a>, catheters that are not in use may be filled with <a href="/wiki/Catheter_lock_solution" title="Catheter lock solution">catheter lock solution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials">Materials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urinary_catheters">Urinary catheters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Urinary catheters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A range of <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a> are used for the construction of catheters, including <a href="/wiki/Silicone_rubber" title="Silicone rubber">silicone rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a>, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic_elastomer" title="Thermoplastic elastomer">thermoplastic elastomers</a>. Silicone is one of the most common implantable choice because it is inert and unreactive to body fluids and a range of medical fluids with which it might come into contact. On the other hand, the polymer is weak mechanically, and a number of serious fractures have occurred in catheters.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, silicone is used in <a href="/wiki/Foley_catheter" title="Foley catheter">Foley catheters</a> where fractures have been reported, often requiring surgery to remove the tip left in the bladder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catheters_used_in_interventional_procedures">Catheters used in interventional procedures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Catheters used in interventional procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depending on the mechanical characteristics required, assorted polymers and polymer-metal composites can be used to build catheters used for interventional purposes. Common materials include polyamide (nylon), polyether block amide, polyuerathane, polyethylene terephthalate, and <a href="/wiki/Polyimide" title="Polyimide">polyimides</a>. These materials are often used in combination with each other and are frequently layered on top of stainless steel braiding, laser-cut stainless steel tubing, or other scaffold-like structures to impart desirable handling characteristics to the catheter, all dependent on the intended application. For example, the materials and the architectures used to manufacture vascular catheters for neurological applications might differ significantly from catheters destined for cardiovascular use. </p><p>Guiding catheters (catheters that guides angioplasty balloons and stents) is made up of <a href="/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene" title="Polytetrafluoroethylene">polytetrafluoroethylene</a> (PTFE) innermost layer which is lubricious, followed by <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> braid wire outer layer which helps to provide support for the catheter and prevent kinking while travelling through blood vessels, and <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a> elastomer outermost layer which provides extra support for the catheter and preserve the curvature of the catheter while passing through tortuous vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_2012_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To enhance ease of insertion, some catheters have a lubricious surface coating to lessen friction. A lubricious coating creates a smooth, slippery film making the catheter easier to insert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interventional_procedures">Interventional procedures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interventional procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pigtail_catheter_settings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pigtail_catheter_settings.jpg/300px-Pigtail_catheter_settings.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pigtail_catheter_settings.jpg/450px-Pigtail_catheter_settings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pigtail_catheter_settings.jpg/600px-Pigtail_catheter_settings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2877" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>Various settings of a 6 <a href="/wiki/French_catheter_scale" title="French catheter scale">French</a> pigtail catheter with locking string, obturator (also called <i>stiffening cannula</i>) and puncture needle.<br /><b>A</b>. Overview.<br /><b>B</b>. Both puncture needle and obturator engaged, allowing for direct insertion.<br /><b>C</b>. Puncture needle retracted. Obturator engaged. Used for example in steady advancement of the catheter on a guidewire.<br /><b>D</b>. Both obturator and puncture needle retracted, when the catheter is in place.<br /><b>E</b>. Locking string is pulled (bottom center) and then wrapped and attached to the superficial end of the catheter.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diagnostic_catheters">Diagnostic catheters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Diagnostic catheters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various catheters used in <a href="/wiki/Angiography" title="Angiography">angiography</a> procedures. Diagnostic catheters<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_2012_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Themes_2016_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Themes_2016-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> direct wires through blood vessels. <a href="/wiki/Radiocontrast_agent" title="Radiocontrast agent">Radiocontrast agent</a> is then injected through the catheter to visualise the vessels via various imaging methods such as <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a> (CT), <a href="/wiki/Projectional_radiography" title="Projectional radiography">projectional radiography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fluoroscopy" title="Fluoroscopy">fluoroscopy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Themes_2016_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Themes_2016-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pigtail catheter is a non-selective catheter with multiple side holes that can deliver large volumes of contrast into a blood vessel for imaging purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_2005_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies_2005-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cobra catheter is a selective catheter used to catheterise downgoing vessels in the abdomen. Cobra catheters move forward by pushing and are removed by pulling.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidewinder catheter is a selective catheter is used to navigate the aorta.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_2005_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies_2005-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Headhunter, Newton, Simmons, Bentson, and Berenstein catheters are used to navigate the into one of the three branches of the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_aorta" class="mw-redirect" title="Arch of aorta">arch of aorta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yashiro Catheter is a selective, hydrophilic catheter designed for optimal entry into <a href="/wiki/Celiac_trunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiac trunk">celiac trunk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas endothelial cell sampling through endovascular sampling with coils, stents, stent retrievers, or guidewires suffer from poor selectivity and a low or highly variable cell yield, a micro-3D-printed device adapted for endovascular techniques can harvest endothelial cells for transcriptomic analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-SandellChirehSpyrou2022_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandellChirehSpyrou2022-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balloon_catheters">Balloon catheters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Balloon catheters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Balloon_catheter" title="Balloon catheter">Balloon catheter</a></div> <p>There are also balloon catheters used in <a href="/wiki/Angioplasty" title="Angioplasty">angioplasty</a> procedures such as plain balloon catheters that is useful in passing tight vessel stenosis, drug coated balloons that contains <a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">paclitaxel</a> on the surface to prevent smooth muscle cells proliferation of the vessel walls, thus reducing the likehood of vessel blockage in the future, high pressure balloons that can open stubborn vessel stenoses in veins and <a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_fistula" title="Arteriovenous fistula">arteriovenous fistula</a>, and cutting balloon angioplasty that contains 3 to 4 small blades on its surface (endotomes) that helps to control the distribution of balloon dilatation more uniformly and cut through resistant stenosis due to fibrous scar tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialysis_catheters">Dialysis catheters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dialysis catheters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dialysis_catheter" title="Dialysis catheter">Dialysis catheter</a></div> <p>There is no difference in achieving adequacy of blood flow, period of catheter usage, infection, and thromboembolism risk whether the dialysis catheter has step-tip, split-tip, or symmetrical tip.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30905366_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30905366-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palidrome catheter is superior to Permcath catheter in terms of maximum blood flow, dialysis adequacy, and annual patency rate. Similar to Permcath, Palidrome catheter has high infection and <a href="/wiki/Thromboembolism" title="Thromboembolism">thromboembolism</a> rate.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24685735_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24685735-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In interventional procedures, Teflon catheters (which are hydrophobic) have higher risk of thrombus formation when compared to polyurethene catheters. The longer the duration of the catheter left inside the body, the higher the risk of thrombus formation. Larger catheters increase the risk of thrombus formation around the catheter, because they can block the flow of blood.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Any foreign object in the body carries an infection risk, and a catheter can serve as a superhighway for bacteria to enter the bloodstream or body", according to Milisa Manojlovich, a professor at the University of Michigan School of Nursing.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catheters can be difficult to clean, and therefore harbor antibiotic resistant<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or otherwise pathogenic bacteria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannula" title="Cannula">Cannula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_catheter" title="Foley catheter">Foley catheter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_catheter_scale" title="French catheter scale">French catheter scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrostomy" title="Gastrostomy">Gastrostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="G-Tube">G-Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejunostomy" title="Jejunostomy">Jejunostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stent" title="Stent">Stent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catheter_lock_solution" title="Catheter lock solution">Catheter lock solution</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/catheter">"catheter noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at"</a>. Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=catheter+noun+-+Definition%2C+pictures%2C+pronunciation+and+usage+notes+%26%23124%3B+Oxford+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary+at&rft.pub=Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fcatheter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiggery2012" class="citation book cs1">Diggery, Robert (2012). <i>Catheters: Types, applications and potential complications (medical devices and equipment</i>. Nova Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1621006305" title="Special:BookSources/978-1621006305"><bdi>978-1621006305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catheters%3A+Types%2C+applications+and+potential+complications+%28medical+devices+and+equipment&rft.pub=Nova+Science&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1621006305&rft.aulast=Diggery&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltendorfer-KroathSchimekEberlRauter2019" class="citation journal cs1">Altendorfer-Kroath, Thomas; Schimek, Denise; Eberl, Anita; Rauter, Günther; Ratzer, Maria; Raml, Reingard; Sinner, Frank; Birngruber, Thomas (January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.024">"Comparison of cerebral Open Flow Microperfusion and Microdialysis when sampling small lipophilic and small hydrophilic substances"</a>. <i>Journal of Neuroscience Methods</i>. <b>311</b>: 394–401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jneumeth.2018.09.024">10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-0270">0165-0270</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30266621">30266621</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52883354">52883354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neuroscience+Methods&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cerebral+Open+Flow+Microperfusion+and+Microdialysis+when+sampling+small+lipophilic+and+small+hydrophilic+substances&rft.volume=311&rft.pages=394-401&rft.date=2019-01&rft.issn=0165-0270&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52883354%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30266621&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jneumeth.2018.09.024&rft.aulast=Altendorfer-Kroath&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Schimek%2C+Denise&rft.au=Eberl%2C+Anita&rft.au=Rauter%2C+G%C3%BCnther&rft.au=Ratzer%2C+Maria&rft.au=Raml%2C+Reingard&rft.au=Sinner%2C+Frank&rft.au=Birngruber%2C+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.jneumeth.2018.09.024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchauppEllmererBrunnerWutte1999" class="citation journal cs1">Schaupp, L.; Ellmerer, M.; Brunner, G. A.; Wutte, A.; Sendlhofer, G.; Trajanoski, Z.; Skrabal, F.; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pieber" title="Thomas Pieber">Pieber, T. R.</a>; Wach, P. (February 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.2.e401">"Direct access to interstitial fluid in adipose tissue in humans by use of open-flow microperfusion"</a>. <i>American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism</i>. <b>276</b> (2): E401–E408. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpendo.1999.276.2.e401">10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.2.e401</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0193-1849">0193-1849</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9950802">9950802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology.+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Direct+access+to+interstitial+fluid+in+adipose+tissue+in+humans+by+use+of+open-flow+microperfusion&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=E401-E408&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.issn=0193-1849&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9950802&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fajpendo.1999.276.2.e401&rft.aulast=Schaupp&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Ellmerer%2C+M.&rft.au=Brunner%2C+G.+A.&rft.au=Wutte%2C+A.&rft.au=Sendlhofer%2C+G.&rft.au=Trajanoski%2C+Z.&rft.au=Skrabal%2C+F.&rft.au=Pieber%2C+T.+R.&rft.au=Wach%2C+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1152%2Fajpendo.1999.276.2.e401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllmererSchauppBrunnerSendlhofer2000" class="citation journal cs1">Ellmerer, Martin; Schaupp, Lukas; Brunner, Gernot A.; Sendlhofer, Gerald; Wutte, Andrea; Wach, Paul; Pieber, Thomas R. (February 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.2.e352">"Measurement of interstitial albumin in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by open-flow microperfusion"</a>. <i>American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism</i>. <b>278</b> (2): E352–E356. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpendo.2000.278.2.e352">10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.2.e352</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0193-1849">0193-1849</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10662720">10662720</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11616153">11616153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology.+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+interstitial+albumin+in+human+skeletal+muscle+and+adipose+tissue+by+open-flow+microperfusion&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=E352-E356&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.issn=0193-1849&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11616153%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10662720&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fajpendo.2000.278.2.e352&rft.aulast=Ellmerer&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Schaupp%2C+Lukas&rft.au=Brunner%2C+Gernot+A.&rft.au=Sendlhofer%2C+Gerald&rft.au=Wutte%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Wach%2C+Paul&rft.au=Pieber%2C+Thomas+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1152%2Fajpendo.2000.278.2.e352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragatinPolusBodenlenzCalonder2015" class="citation journal cs1">Dragatin, Christian; Polus, Florine; Bodenlenz, Manfred; Calonder, Claudio; Aigner, Birgit; Tiffner, Katrin Irene; Mader, Julia Katharina; Ratzer, Maria; Woessner, Ralph; Pieber, Thomas Rudolf; Cheng, Yi (November 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fexd.12863">"Secukinumab distributes into dermal interstitial fluid of psoriasis patients as demonstrated by open flow microperfusion"</a>. <i>Experimental Dermatology</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 157–159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fexd.12863">10.1111/exd.12863</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0906-6705">0906-6705</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26439798">26439798</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34556907">34556907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Secukinumab+distributes+into+dermal+interstitial+fluid+of+psoriasis+patients+as+demonstrated+by+open+flow+microperfusion&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157-159&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft.issn=0906-6705&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34556907%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26439798&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fexd.12863&rft.aulast=Dragatin&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Polus%2C+Florine&rft.au=Bodenlenz%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Calonder%2C+Claudio&rft.au=Aigner%2C+Birgit&rft.au=Tiffner%2C+Katrin+Irene&rft.au=Mader%2C+Julia+Katharina&rft.au=Ratzer%2C+Maria&rft.au=Woessner%2C+Ralph&rft.au=Pieber%2C+Thomas+Rudolf&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Yi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fexd.12863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolbingerLoescheValentinJiang2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kolbinger, Frank; Loesche, Christian; Valentin, Marie-Anne; Jiang, Xiaoyu; Cheng, Yi; Jarvis, Philip; Peters, Thomas; Calonder, Claudio; Bruin, Gerard; Polus, Florine; Aigner, Birgit (March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2016.06.038">"β-Defensin 2 is a responsive biomarker of IL-17A–driven skin pathology in patients with psoriasis"</a>. <i>Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology</i>. <b>139</b> (3): 923–932.e8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2016.06.038">10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.038</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0091-6749">0091-6749</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27502297">27502297</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30272491">30272491</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=%CE%B2-Defensin+2+is+a+responsive+biomarker+of+IL-17A%E2%80%93driven+skin+pathology+in+patients+with+psoriasis&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=923-932.e8&rft.date=2017-03&rft.issn=0091-6749&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A30272491%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27502297&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2016.06.038&rft.aulast=Kolbinger&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Loesche%2C+Christian&rft.au=Valentin%2C+Marie-Anne&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Xiaoyu&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Yi&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+Philip&rft.au=Peters%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Calonder%2C+Claudio&rft.au=Bruin%2C+Gerard&rft.au=Polus%2C+Florine&rft.au=Aigner%2C+Birgit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jaci.2016.06.038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinertKotzbeckAltendorfer-KroathBirngruber2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kleinert, Maximilian; Kotzbeck, Petra; Altendorfer-Kroath, Thomas; Birngruber, Thomas; Tschöp, Matthias H.; Clemmensen, Christoffer (December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.001">"Corrigendum to "Time-resolved hypothalamic open flow micro-perfusion reveals normal leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier in leptin resistant mice" [Molecular Metabolism 13 (2018) 77–82]"</a>. <i>Molecular Metabolism</i>. <b>30</b>: 265. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molmet.2019.11.001">10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-8778">2212-8778</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6889745">6889745</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31767178">31767178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Corrigendum+to+%22Time-resolved+hypothalamic+open+flow+micro-perfusion+reveals+normal+leptin+transport+across+the+blood%E2%80%93brain+barrier+in+leptin+resistant+mice%22+%5BMolecular+Metabolism+13+%282018%29+77%E2%80%9382%5D&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=265&rft.date=2019-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6889745%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2212-8778&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31767178&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.molmet.2019.11.001&rft.aulast=Kleinert&rft.aufirst=Maximilian&rft.au=Kotzbeck%2C+Petra&rft.au=Altendorfer-Kroath%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Birngruber%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Tsch%C3%B6p%2C+Matthias+H.&rft.au=Clemmensen%2C+Christoffer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.molmet.2019.11.001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeneleyHopleyWells2015" class="citation journal cs1">Feneley, Roger C. L.; Hopley, Ian B.; Wells, Peter N. T. (November 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673556">"Urinary catheters: history, current status, adverse events and research agenda"</a>. <i>Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology</i>. <b>39</b> (8): 459–470. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F03091902.2015.1085600">10.3109/03091902.2015.1085600</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673556">4673556</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26383168">26383168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Engineering+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Urinary+catheters%3A+history%2C+current+status%2C+adverse+events+and+research+agenda&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=459-470&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4673556%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26383168&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F03091902.2015.1085600&rft.aulast=Feneley&rft.aufirst=Roger+C.+L.&rft.au=Hopley%2C+Ian+B.&rft.au=Wells%2C+Peter+N.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4673556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm">"MedlinePlus: Urinary catheters"</a>. U.S. National Library of Medicine. November 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MedlinePlus%3A+Urinary+catheters&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedlineplus.gov%2Fency%2Farticle%2F003981.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdtmag.com/blog/2015/06/medtech-memoirs-catheters">"MedTech Memoirs: Catheters"</a>. Advantage Business Media. June 16, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024160847/https://www.mdtmag.com/blog/2015/06/medtech-memoirs-catheters">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MedTech+Memoirs%3A+Catheters&rft.pub=Advantage+Business+Media&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdtmag.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F06%2Fmedtech-memoirs-catheters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urologichistory.museum/content/milestones/catheterization/p1.cfm">"Didusch Site - Milestones - Relief in a Tube: Catheters Remain a Steadfast Treatment for Urinary Disorders"</a>. <i>www.urologichistory.museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150117042240/http://www.urologichistory.museum/content/milestones/catheterization/p1.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.urologichistory.museum&rft.atitle=Didusch+Site+-+Milestones+-+Relief+in+a+Tube%3A+Catheters+Remain+a+Steadfast+Treatment+for+Urinary+Disorders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urologichistory.museum%2Fcontent%2Fmilestones%2Fcatheterization%2Fp1.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minnesota_Historical_Society-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minnesota_Historical_Society_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812083821/http://benfranklinexhibit.org/resume">"Benjamin Franklin: In Search of a Better World"</a>. Minnesota Historical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benfranklinexhibit.org/resume">the original</a> on August 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benjamin+Franklin%3A+In+Search+of+a+Better+World&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenfranklinexhibit.org%2Fresume&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschmann,_J.V.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hirschmann, J.V. (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217033117/https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/718880/benjamin-franklin-medicine">"Benjamin Franklin and Medicine"</a>. <i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i>. <b>143</b> (11): 830–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-143-11-200512060-00012">10.7326/0003-4819-143-11-200512060-00012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16330795">16330795</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32882591">32882591</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://annals.org/data/Journals/AIM/20104/0000605-200512060-00012.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Franklin+and+Medicine&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=830-4&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32882591%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16330795&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2F0003-4819-143-11-200512060-00012&rft.au=Hirschmann%2C+J.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fannals.org%2Fdata%2FJournals%2FAIM%2F20104%2F0000605-200512060-00012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuth,_E.J.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Huth, E.J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcpe.ac.uk/journal/issue/journal_37_4/Huth.pdf">"Benjamin Franklin's place in the history of medicine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 373–8. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18447203">18447203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Franklin%27s+place+in+the+history+of+medicine&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=373-8&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18447203&rft.au=Huth%2C+E.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcpe.ac.uk%2Fjournal%2Fissue%2Fjournal_37_4%2FHuth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaim2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Baim" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald S. Baim">Baim, Donald</a> (2005). <i>Grossman's Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention</i>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0781755672" title="Special:BookSources/978-0781755672"><bdi>978-0781755672</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grossman%27s+Cardiac+Catheterization%2C+Angiography%2C+and+Intervention&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0781755672&rft.aulast=Baim&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithNolan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Reston N.; Nolan, Jerry P. (November 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.f6570">"Central venous catheters"</a>. <i>BMJ</i>. <b>347</b>: f6570. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.f6570">10.1136/bmj.f6570</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1756-1833">1756-1833</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24217269">24217269</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16939469">16939469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Central+venous+catheters&rft.volume=347&rft.pages=f6570&rft.date=2013-11-11&rft.issn=1756-1833&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16939469%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24217269&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.f6570&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Reston+N.&rft.au=Nolan%2C+Jerry+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F347%2Fbmj.f6570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/forssmann/biographical/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+1956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fmedicine%2F1956%2Fforssmann%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandaBaradhi2023" class="citation cs2">Manda, Yugandhar R.; Baradhi, Krishna M. (2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531461/">"Cardiac Catheterization Risks and Complications"</a>, <i>StatPearls</i>, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30285356">30285356</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=StatPearls&rft.atitle=Cardiac+Catheterization+Risks+and+Complications&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30285356&rft.aulast=Manda&rft.aufirst=Yugandhar+R.&rft.au=Baradhi%2C+Krishna+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK531461%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2004/05/07/david-s-sheridan-catheter-p/4c6fb678-2d14-43f3-be53-734f2ae0a191/">"David S. Sheridan"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. May 7, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=David+S.+Sheridan&rft.date=2004-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F2004%2F05%2F07%2Fdavid-s-sheridan-catheter-p%2F4c6fb678-2d14-43f3-be53-734f2ae0a191%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-may-04-me-sheridan4-story.html">"David Sheridan, 95; Dropout Invented Key Medical Device"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. May 4, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=David+Sheridan%2C+95%3B+Dropout+Invented+Key+Medical+Device&rft.date=2004-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2004-may-04-me-sheridan4-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngineers2014" class="citation book cs1">Engineers, NPCS Board of Consultants & (January 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XwWJAgAAQBAJ&q=david+S.+Sheridan+Forbes+Magazine&pg=PA142"><i>Handbook on Medical and Surgical Disposable Products</i></a>. Niir Project Consultancy Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789381039281" title="Special:BookSources/9789381039281"><bdi>9789381039281</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+on+Medical+and+Surgical+Disposable+Products&rft.pub=Niir+Project+Consultancy+Services&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=9789381039281&rft.aulast=Engineers&rft.aufirst=NPCS+Board+of+Consultants+%26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXwWJAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddavid%2BS.%2BSheridan%2BForbes%2BMagazine%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanholderCanaudFluckJadoul2010" class="citation journal cs1">Vanholder, R.; Canaud, B.; Fluck, R.; Jadoul, M.; Labriola, L.; Marti-Monros, A.; Tordoir, J.; Van Biesen, W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6371390">"Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of haemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI): a position statement of European Renal Best Practice (ERBP)"</a>. <i>NDT Plus</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 234–246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fndtplus%2Fsfq041">10.1093/ndtplus/sfq041</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6371390">6371390</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30792802">30792802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDT+Plus&rft.atitle=Diagnosis%2C+prevention+and+treatment+of+haemodialysis+catheter-related+bloodstream+infections+%28CRBSI%29%3A+a+position+statement+of+European+Renal+Best+Practice+%28ERBP%29&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=234-246&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6371390%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30792802&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fndtplus%2Fsfq041&rft.aulast=Vanholder&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Canaud%2C+B.&rft.au=Fluck%2C+R.&rft.au=Jadoul%2C+M.&rft.au=Labriola%2C+L.&rft.au=Marti-Monros%2C+A.&rft.au=Tordoir%2C+J.&rft.au=Van+Biesen%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6371390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzieFlahiffNelson1993" class="citation journal cs1">McKenzie, J. M.; Flahiff, C. M.; Nelson, C. L. (October 1, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923221049/http://jbjs.org/content/75/10/1505">"Retention and strength of silicone-rubber catheters. A report of five cases of retention and analysis of catheter strength"</a>. <i>J Bone Joint Surg Am</i>. <b>75</b> (10): 1505–1507. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2106%2F00004623-199310000-00011">10.2106/00004623-199310000-00011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9355">0021-9355</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8408139">8408139</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jbjs.org/content/75/10/1505">the original</a> on September 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Bone+Joint+Surg+Am&rft.atitle=Retention+and+strength+of+silicone-rubber+catheters.+A+report+of+five+cases+of+retention+and+analysis+of+catheter+strength.&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1505-1507&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.issn=0021-9355&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8408139&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2106%2F00004623-199310000-00011&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Flahiff%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+C.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjbjs.org%2Fcontent%2F75%2F10%2F1505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgarwalGandhiKashyapLiebman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Agarwal, Shaleen; Gandhi, Mamatha; Kashyap, Randeep; Liebman, Scott (March 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3747/pdi.2010.00123">"Spontaneous Rupture of a Silicone Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Presenting Outflow Failure and Peritonitis"</a>. <i>Peritoneal Dialysis International</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 204–206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3747%2Fpdi.2010.00123">10.3747/pdi.2010.00123</a> (inactive November 1, 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0896-8608">0896-8608</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21427251">21427251</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508150819/http://www.pdiconnect.com/content/31/2/204">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peritoneal+Dialysis+International&rft.atitle=Spontaneous+Rupture+of+a+Silicone+Peritoneal+Dialysis+Catheter+Presenting+Outflow+Failure+and+Peritonitis&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=204-206&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.issn=0896-8608&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21427251&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3747%2Fpdi.2010.00123&rft.aulast=Agarwal&rft.aufirst=Shaleen&rft.au=Gandhi%2C+Mamatha&rft.au=Kashyap%2C+Randeep&rft.au=Liebman%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3747%2Fpdi.2010.00123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirzaSaleemSheikh2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mirza, Bilal; Saleem, Muhammad; Sheikh, Afzal (August 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3417984">"Broken Piece of Silicone Suction Catheter in Upper Alimentary Tract of a Neonate"</a>. <i>APSP Journal of Case Reports</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2218-8185">2218-8185</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3417984">3417984</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22953251">22953251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=APSP+Journal+of+Case+Reports&rft.atitle=Broken+Piece+of+Silicone+Suction+Catheter+in+Upper+Alimentary+Tract+of+a+Neonate&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2010-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3417984%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2218-8185&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22953251&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Bilal&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Sheikh%2C+Afzal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3417984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_2012-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_2012_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_2012_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAliLecturer_in_Adult_Internal_Medicine,_Faculty_of_Medical_Sciences,_University_of_the_West_Indies,_St_Augustine,_TrinidadGreenbaumDirector,_Cardiac_Catheterization_Laboratory,_Henry_Ford_Hospital,_Detroit,_Michigan,_US2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ali, Ronan; Lecturer in Adult Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad; Greenbaum, Adam B; Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, US; Kugelmass, Aaron D; Chief of Cardiology and Medical Director, Heart and Vascular Program, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, Massachusetts, US. E: aaron.kugelmassmd@bhs.org (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icrjournal.com/articleindex/icr.2012.7.2.100">"A Review of Available Angioplasty Guiding Catheters, Wires and Balloons – Making the Right Choice"</a>. <i>Interventional Cardiology Review</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15420%2Ficr.2012.7.2.100">10.15420/icr.2012.7.2.100</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1756-1477">1756-1477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interventional+Cardiology+Review&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Available+Angioplasty+Guiding+Catheters%2C+Wires+and+Balloons+%E2%80%93+Making+the+Right+Choice&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=100&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15420%2Ficr.2012.7.2.100&rft.issn=1756-1477&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Ronan&rft.au=Lecturer+in+Adult+Internal+Medicine%2C+Faculty+of+Medical+Sciences%2C+University+of+the+West+Indies%2C+St+Augustine%2C+Trinidad&rft.au=Greenbaum%2C+Adam+B&rft.au=Director%2C+Cardiac+Catheterization+Laboratory%2C+Henry+Ford+Hospital%2C+Detroit%2C+Michigan%2C+US&rft.au=Kugelmass%2C+Aaron+D&rft.au=Chief+of+Cardiology+and+Medical+Director%2C+Heart+and+Vascular+Program%2C+Baystate+Medical+Center%2C+759+Chestnut+Street%2C+Springfield%2C+Massachusetts%2C+US.+E%3A+aaron.kugelmassmd%40bhs.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrjournal.com%2Farticleindex%2Ficr.2012.7.2.100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Themes_2016-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Themes_2016_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Themes_2016_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThemes2016" class="citation web cs1">Themes, U. F. O. (June 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thoracickey.com/catheter-based-technology-and-devices/">"Catheter-Based Technology and Devices"</a>. <i>Thoracic Key</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thoracic+Key&rft.atitle=Catheter-Based+Technology+and+Devices&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft.aulast=Themes&rft.aufirst=U.+F.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthoracickey.com%2Fcatheter-based-technology-and-devices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies_2005-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_2005_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_2005_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesBrophy2005" class="citation book cs1">Davies, AH; Brophy, CM (October 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s_FcvqJvmhsC&pg=PA239"><i>Vascular surgery</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781852332884" title="Special:BookSources/9781852332884"><bdi>9781852332884</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vascular+surgery&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2005-10-10&rft.isbn=9781852332884&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.au=Brophy%2C+CM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds_FcvqJvmhsC%26pg%3DPA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakalFlacke2015" class="citation web cs1">Bakal, CW; Flacke, S (December 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220203112342/https://radiologykey.com/diagnostic-catheters-and-guidewires/">"Diagnostic Catheters and Guidewires"</a>. Radiology Key. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiologykey.com/diagnostic-catheters-and-guidewires/">the original</a> on February 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diagnostic+Catheters+and+Guidewires&rft.pub=Radiology+Key&rft.date=2015-12-23&rft.aulast=Bakal&rft.aufirst=CW&rft.au=Flacke%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiologykey.com%2Fdiagnostic-catheters-and-guidewires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414170251/https://www.merit.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/PI-Angiography.pdf">"Angiography peripheral intervention"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Merit Medical. p. 21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merit.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/PI-Angiography.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angiography+peripheral+intervention&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Merit+Medical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merit.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F09%2FPI-Angiography.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolowaKalvaD'Othee2009" class="citation journal cs1">Golowa, Yosef S.; Kalva, Sanjeeva P.; D'Othee, Bertrand Janne (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1051044309000165">"Use of a Yashiro Catheter to Facilitate Complex Visceral Catheterization"</a>. <i>Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology</i>. <b>20</b> (4): 557–559. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jvir.2009.01.014">10.1016/j.jvir.2009.01.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243973">19243973</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vascular+and+Interventional+Radiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+Yashiro+Catheter+to+Facilitate+Complex+Visceral+Catheterization&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=557-559&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jvir.2009.01.014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19243973&rft.aulast=Golowa&rft.aufirst=Yosef+S.&rft.au=Kalva%2C+Sanjeeva+P.&rft.au=D%27Othee%2C+Bertrand+Janne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1051044309000165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SandellChirehSpyrou2022-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SandellChirehSpyrou2022_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandellChirehSpyrouGrankvist2022" class="citation journal cs1">Sandell, Mikael; Chireh, Arvin; Spyrou, Argyris; Grankvist, Rikard; Al-Saadi, Jonathan; Jonsson, Stefan; van der Wijngaart, Wouter; Stemme, Göran; Holmin, Staffan; Roxhed, Niclas (August 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanbr.202200023">"Endovascular Device for Endothelial Cell Sampling"</a>. <i>Advanced NanoBiomed Research</i>. <b>2</b> (10): 2200023. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanbr.202200023">10.1002/anbr.202200023</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2699-9307">2699-9307</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2699-9307">2699-9307</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251730092">251730092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+NanoBiomed+Research&rft.atitle=Endovascular+Device+for+Endothelial+Cell+Sampling&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2200023&rft.date=2022-08-21&rft.issn=2699-9307&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251730092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.eissn=2699-9307&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanbr.202200023&rft.aulast=Sandell&rft.aufirst=Mikael&rft.au=Chireh%2C+Arvin&rft.au=Spyrou%2C+Argyris&rft.au=Grankvist%2C+Rikard&rft.au=Al-Saadi%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Jonsson%2C+Stefan&rft.au=van+der+Wijngaart%2C+Wouter&rft.au=Stemme%2C+G%C3%B6ran&rft.au=Holmin%2C+Staffan&rft.au=Roxhed%2C+Niclas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fanbr.202200023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatsonJones2018" class="citation book cs1">Watson N, Jones H (2018). <i>Chapman and Nakielny's Guide to Radiological Procedures</i>. Elsevier. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702071669" title="Special:BookSources/9780702071669"><bdi>9780702071669</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapman+and+Nakielny%27s+Guide+to+Radiological+Procedures&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780702071669&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Jones%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid30905366-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid30905366_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLingLuLohLin2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ling XC, Lu HP, Loh EW, Lin YK, Li YS, Lin CH, Ko YC, Wu MY, Lin YF, Tam KW (April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jvs.2018.09.029">"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the comparison of performance among step-tip, split-tip, and symmetrical-tip hemodialysis catheters"</a>. <i>Journal of Vascular Surgery</i>. <b>69</b> (4): 1282–1292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jvs.2018.09.029">10.1016/j.jvs.2018.09.029</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30905366">30905366</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85497739">85497739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vascular+Surgery&rft.atitle=A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+the+comparison+of+performance+among+step-tip%2C+split-tip%2C+and+symmetrical-tip+hemodialysis+catheters&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1282-1292&rft.date=2019-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85497739%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30905366&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jvs.2018.09.029&rft.aulast=Ling&rft.aufirst=XC&rft.au=Lu%2C+HP&rft.au=Loh%2C+EW&rft.au=Lin%2C+YK&rft.au=Li%2C+YS&rft.au=Lin%2C+CH&rft.au=Ko%2C+YC&rft.au=Wu%2C+MY&rft.au=Lin%2C+YF&rft.au=Tam%2C+KW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jvs.2018.09.029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid24685735-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid24685735_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiZhangYuChen2014" class="citation journal cs1">Li M, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Chen H, Li X, Ma J, Dong Z (March 2014). "Clinical application of long-term Palindrome catheter in hemodialysis patients". <i>Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 123–9. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24685735">24685735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Journal+of+Kidney+Diseases&rft.atitle=Clinical+application+of+long-term+Palindrome+catheter+in+hemodialysis+patients&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-9&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24685735&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z&rft.au=Yu%2C+Y&rft.au=Chen%2C+H&rft.au=Li%2C+X&rft.au=Ma%2C+J&rft.au=Dong%2C+Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFormanekFrechAmplatz1970" class="citation journal cs1">Formanek, Gustave; Frech, Robert S.; Amplatz, Kurt (May 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.CIR.41.5.833">"Arterial Thrombus Formation During Clinical Percutaneous Catheterization"</a>. <i>Circulation</i>. <b>41</b> (5): 833–839. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.CIR.41.5.833">10.1161/01.CIR.41.5.833</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-7322">0009-7322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5444526">5444526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Arterial+Thrombus+Formation+During+Clinical+Percutaneous+Catheterization&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=833-839&rft.date=1970-05&rft.issn=0009-7322&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5444526&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.CIR.41.5.833&rft.aulast=Formanek&rft.aufirst=Gustave&rft.au=Frech%2C+Robert+S.&rft.au=Amplatz%2C+Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252F01.CIR.41.5.833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Bailey2019" class="citation web cs1">Laura Bailey (July 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.umich.edu/catheters-big-source-of-infection-but-often-overlooked">"Catheters: Big source of infection, but often overlooked"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catheters%3A+Big+source+of+infection%2C+but+often+overlooked&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft.au=Laura+Bailey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.umich.edu%2Fcatheters-big-source-of-infection-but-often-overlooked&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mosaicscience.com/story/catheters-foley-uti-cauti-amr-dri-hospital-acquired-bacterial-infection-sepsis">"Nobody wants to talk about catheters. Our silence could prove fatal | Mosaic"</a>. Mosaicscience.com. November 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobody+wants+to+talk+about+catheters.+Our+silence+could+prove+fatal+%26%23124%3B+Mosaic&rft.pub=Mosaicscience.com&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmosaicscience.com%2Fstory%2Fcatheters-foley-uti-cauti-amr-dri-hospital-acquired-bacterial-infection-sepsis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillward2000" class="citation journal cs1">Millward, Steven F. (September 2000). "Percutaneous Nephrostomy: A Practical Approach". <i>Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology</i>. <b>11</b> (8): 955–964. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1051-0443%2807%2961322-0">10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61322-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10997456">10997456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vascular+and+Interventional+Radiology&rft.atitle=Percutaneous+Nephrostomy%3A+A+Practical+Approach&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=955-964&rft.date=2000-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1051-0443%2807%2961322-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10997456&rft.aulast=Millward&rft.aufirst=Steven+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatheter" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catheter&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catheters" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Catheters">Catheters</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/catheter" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/catheter">catheter</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Surgical_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Surgical_instruments" title="Template:Surgical instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Surgical_instruments" title="Template talk:Surgical instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Surgical_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Surgical instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Surgical_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Surgical_instrument" title="Surgical instrument">Surgical instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dissection" title="Dissection">Dissecting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scalpel" title="Scalpel">Scalpel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catlin_(surgery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catlin (surgery)">Catlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrosurgery" title="Electrosurgery">RF knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liston_knife" title="Liston knife">Liston knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalpel" title="Scalpel">Lancet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Graefe_knife" title="Von Graefe knife">Von Graefe knife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surgical_scissors" title="Surgical scissors">Surgical scissors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandage_scissors" title="Bandage scissors">Bandage scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_scissors" title="Iris scissors">Iris scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_scissors" title="Mayo scissors">Mayo scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzenbaum_scissors" title="Metzenbaum scissors">Metzenbaum scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenotomy_scissors" title="Tenotomy scissors">Tenotomy scissors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bone_cutter" title="Bone cutter">Bone cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curette" title="Curette">Curette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatome_(instrument)" title="Dermatome (instrument)">Dermatome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_drill" title="Cranial drill">Cranial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_drill" title="Dental drill">Dental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteotome" title="Osteotome">Osteotome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasp" title="Rasp">Rasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongeur" title="Rongeur">Rongeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocar" title="Trocar">Trocar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grasping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forceps" title="Forceps">Forceps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulldog_forceps" title="Bulldog forceps">Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debakey_forceps" title="Debakey forceps">Debakey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrical_forceps" title="Obstetrical forceps">Obstetrical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemostat" title="Hemostat">Hemostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenaculum" title="Tenaculum">Tenaculum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)#Medical" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allis_clamp" title="Allis clamp">Allis clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_cross-clamp" title="Aortic cross-clamp">Aortic cross-clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foerster_clamp" title="Foerster clamp">Foerster clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomco_clamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomco clamp">Gomco clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemostat" title="Hemostat">Hemostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennington_clamp" title="Pennington clamp">Pennington clamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retracting and viewing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retractor_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Retractor (medical)">Retractor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senn_retractor" title="Senn retractor">Senn retractor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib_spreader" title="Rib spreader">Rib spreader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Examination and prep</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilator" title="Dilator">Dilator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoscope" title="Endoscope">Endoscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_mirror" title="Head mirror">Head mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculum_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculum (medical)">Speculum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suction_(medicine)" title="Suction (medicine)">Suction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yankauer_suction_tip" title="Yankauer suction tip">Yankauer suction tip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calipers" title="Calipers">Calipers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruler" title="Ruler">Ruler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drainage (medical)">Drainage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drain_(surgery)" title="Drain (surgery)">Surgical drain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson-Pratt_drain" title="Jackson-Pratt drain">Jackson-Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_drain" title="Penrose drain">Penrose</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catheter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypodermic_needle" title="Hypodermic needle">Hypodermic needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodontal_probe" title="Periodontal probe">Periodontal probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_stapler" class="mw-redirect" title="Surgical stapler">Surgical stapler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_suture" title="Surgical suture">Surgical suture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tests_and_procedures_involving_the_urinary_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urologic_procedures" title="Template:Urologic procedures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urologic_procedures" title="Template talk:Urologic procedures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urologic_procedures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urologic procedures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tests_and_procedures_involving_the_urinary_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tests and procedures involving the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system">urinary system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">Kidney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nephrostomy" title="Nephrostomy">Nephrostomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percutaneous_nephrostomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Percutaneous nephrostomy">percutaneous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percutaneous_nephrolithotomy" title="Percutaneous nephrolithotomy">Percutaneous nephrolithotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrotomy" title="Nephrotomy">Nephrotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoscopy" title="Endoscopy">Endoscopy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nephroscopy" title="Nephroscopy">Nephroscopy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_biopsy" title="Renal biopsy">Renal biopsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrectomy" title="Nephrectomy">Nephrectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_transplantation" title="Kidney transplantation">Kidney transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephropexy" title="Nephropexy">Nephropexy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ureter" title="Ureter">Ureter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ureterostomy" title="Ureterostomy">Ureterostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_diversion" title="Urinary diversion">Urinary diversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ureterosigmoidostomy" title="Ureterosigmoidostomy">Ureterosigmoidostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ureterolysis" title="Ureterolysis">Ureterolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ureteroscopy" title="Ureteroscopy">Ureteroscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">Bladder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystectomy" title="Cystectomy">Cystectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprapubic_cystostomy" title="Suprapubic cystostomy">Suprapubic cystostomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystoscopy" title="Cystoscopy">Cystoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">Urethra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urethropexy" title="Urethropexy">Urethropexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethrotomy" title="Urethrotomy">Urethrotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_sounding" title="Urethral sounding">Urethral sounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethroplasty" title="Urethroplasty">Urethroplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_urinary_sphincter" title="Artificial urinary sphincter">Artificial urinary sphincter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_bulking_injections" title="Urethral bulking injections">Urethral bulking injections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystourethrography" title="Cystourethrography">Cystourethrography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Imaging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_ultrasound" title="Urinary tract ultrasound">Urinary tract ultrasound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyelogram" title="Pyelogram">Pyelogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_pyelogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous pyelogram">Intravenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_pyelogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrograde pyelogram">Retrograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antegrade_pyelogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Antegrade pyelogram">Antegrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_pyelogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas pyelogram">Gas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT_urogram" class="mw-redirect" title="CT urogram">CT urogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_x-ray" title="Abdominal x-ray">Abdominal x-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_renography" title="Radioisotope renography">Radioisotope renography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystography" title="Cystography">Cystography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_urethrogram" title="Retrograde urethrogram">Retrograde urethrogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiding_cystourethrography" title="Voiding cystourethrography">Voiding cystourethrography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urodynamic_testing" title="Urodynamic testing">Urodynamic testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystometry" title="Cystometry">Cystometry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_catheterization" title="Urinary catheterization">Urinary catheterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_dialysis" title="Kidney dialysis">Kidney dialysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithotripsy" title="Lithotripsy">Lithotripsy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laser_lithotripsy" title="Laser lithotripsy">Laser lithotripsy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_shockwave_therapy" title="Extracorporeal shockwave therapy">Extracorporeal shockwave therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinalysis" title="Urinalysis">Urinalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catheter&oldid=1254887678">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catheter&oldid=1254887678</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catheters" title="Category:Catheters">Catheters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2019" title="Category:Use American English from January 2019">Use American English from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from January 2019">Use mdy dates from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 04:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catheter&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59bbd5969d-t9nck","wgBackendResponseTime":164,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.695","walltime":"0.766","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3660,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":138217,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1740,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":177796,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 694.907 1 -total"," 43.17% 299.999 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.14% 146.869 21 Template:Cite_journal"," 13.38% 92.975 4 Template:Navbox"," 13.29% 92.380 2 Template:Lang"," 13.00% 90.349 12 Template:Cite_web"," 12.49% 86.809 1 Template:Surgical_instruments"," 6.53% 45.344 2 Template:Sister_project"," 6.45% 44.793 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.30% 43.759 2 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.491","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22485805,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-678566b588-2jjjv","timestamp":"20241128194901","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Catheter","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catheter","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q652297","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q652297","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-08-08T14:53:26Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T04:58:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a6\/Catheter_dissasembled.jpg","headline":"medical device"}</script> </body> </html>