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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douairi%C3%A8re" title="Douairière – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Douairière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douairi%C3%A8re" title="Douairière – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Douairière" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Вдовствующая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вдовствующая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_dowager&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="King dowager">King dowager</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Widow who holds a title or property</div> <p>A <b>dowager</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">widow</a> or widower who holds a title or property – a "<a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">dower</a>" – derived from her or his deceased spouse.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an adjective, <i>dowager</i> usually appears in association with <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Title#Aristocratic_titles" title="Title">titles</a>. </p><p>In popular usage, the noun <i>dowager</i> may refer to any elderly widow, especially one of wealth and dignity or autocratic manner. </p><p>Some dowagers move to a separate residence known as a <a href="/wiki/Dower_house" title="Dower house">dower house</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowager&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XIV_of_France_and_his_family_attributed_to_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Louis_XIV_of_France_and_his_family_attributed_to_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg/220px-Louis_XIV_of_France_and_his_family_attributed_to_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Louis_XIV_of_France_and_his_family_attributed_to_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg/330px-Louis_XIV_of_France_and_his_family_attributed_to_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Louis_XIV_of_France_and_his_family_attributed_to_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg/440px-Louis_XIV_of_France_and_his_family_attributed_to_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Ventadour" title="Madame de Ventadour">Dowager Duchess of Ventadour</a> in full mourning attends the King of France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_en_deuil_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_en_deuil_1873.jpg/220px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_en_deuil_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_en_deuil_1873.jpg/330px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_en_deuil_1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_en_deuil_1873.jpg/440px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_en_deuil_1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>The dowager <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo#Empress" title="Eugénie de Montijo">Empress Eugénie</a> of France in <i>grand deuil</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D._Am%C3%A9lia,_Imperatriz_do_Brasil.(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/D._Am%C3%A9lia%2C_Imperatriz_do_Brasil.%283%29.jpg/220px-D._Am%C3%A9lia%2C_Imperatriz_do_Brasil.%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/D._Am%C3%A9lia%2C_Imperatriz_do_Brasil.%283%29.jpg/330px-D._Am%C3%A9lia%2C_Imperatriz_do_Brasil.%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/D._Am%C3%A9lia%2C_Imperatriz_do_Brasil.%283%29.jpg/440px-D._Am%C3%A9lia%2C_Imperatriz_do_Brasil.%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1123" /></a><figcaption>Empress <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_of_Leuchtenberg" title="Amélie of Leuchtenberg">Amélie of Brazil</a> wore black in mourning for her husband <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I</a> for the rest of her life.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_Kingdom">In the United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowager&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom the widow of a <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronet</a> may continue to use the style she had during her husband's lifetime, e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Countess</a> of <a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Loamshire</a>", provided that his successor, if any, has no wife to bear the plain title. Otherwise she more properly prefixes either her <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">forename</a> or the word <i>Dowager</i>, e.g. "Jane, Countess of Loamshire" or "Dowager Countess of Loamshire". (In any case, she would continue to be called "Lady Loamshire".)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager" title="Queen dowager">queen dowager</a></i> is used in the United Kingdom and several other countries for the widow of a king; when the dowager is the mother of the current monarch she is more often known as the <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">queen mother</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom</a>, a dowager peer ranks above her daughter-in-law (the wife of her son, the incumbent peer); this is different to queens dowager, where a daughter-in-law (i.e., the more recent queen) will rank above her mother-in-law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Sinosphere">In Sinosphere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowager&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Sinosphere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">Empress dowager</a> is the title given to the mother or widow of a <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Korea">Korean</a> or <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> emperor. A notable example is Chinese <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Empress Dowager Cixi</a>, who effectively ruled China for over 47 years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_regions">In other regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowager&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In other regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This form of address is used for noble ladies whose husbands have died. It was used for the late <a href="/wiki/Fabiola_of_Belgium" title="Fabiola of Belgium">Queen Dowager, Fabiola</a> of Belgium. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Eugenia_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain">Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain</a> was known as a dowager queen after the death of her husband.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The widowed wives of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs" title="List of Russian monarchs">Russian emperors</a> were bestowed the title of Dowager Empress, and ranked above the wife of the reigning emperor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Informal">Informal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowager&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Informal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elderly widows of wealth, prominence, and dignified or autocratic manner are often referred to informally as dowagers. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miss_Eustice_LCCN2014696500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Miss_Eustice_LCCN2014696500.jpg/200px-Miss_Eustice_LCCN2014696500.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Miss_Eustice_LCCN2014696500.jpg/300px-Miss_Eustice_LCCN2014696500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Miss_Eustice_LCCN2014696500.jpg/400px-Miss_Eustice_LCCN2014696500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5766" data-file-height="4184" /></a><figcaption>The lady in white is a dowager (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1914</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Dowagers portrayed in literature include the Dowager Duchess of Merton in <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edgware_Dies" title="Lord Edgware Dies">Lord Edgware Dies</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> portrayed <a href="/wiki/List_of_Downton_Abbey_characters#Violet_Crawley,_Dowager_Countess_of_Grantham" title="List of Downton Abbey characters">Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham</a> from 2010 to 2015 in the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Downton_Abbey" title="Downton Abbey">Downton Abbey</a></i>, and in the 2019 movie sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Downton_Abbey_(film)" title="Downton Abbey (film)">Downton Abbey</a></i> and the 2022 film <i><a href="/wiki/Downton_Abbey:_A_New_Era" title="Downton Abbey: A New Era">Downton Abbey: A New Era</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowager&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513000826/http://womenshistory.about.com/od/marriageoverview/a/dowager.htm">"Queen as a Title – History of Titles for Female Rulers"</a>. <i>about.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://womenshistory.about.com/od/marriageoverview/a/dowager.htm">the original</a> on 13 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about.com&rft.atitle=Queen+as+a+Title+%E2%80%93+History+of+Titles+for+Female+Rulers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwomenshistory.about.com%2Fod%2Fmarriageoverview%2Fa%2Fdowager.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADowager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoés,_João2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Loés, João (22 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://istoe.com.br/277892_A+VOLTA+DE+DOM+PEDRO+I/">"A volta de Dom Pedro I"</a>. <i>istoe.com.br</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=istoe.com.br&rft.atitle=A+volta+de+Dom+Pedro+I&rft.date=2013-02-22&rft.au=Lo%C3%A9s%2C+Jo%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fistoe.com.br%2F277892_A%2BVOLTA%2BDE%2BDOM%2BPEDRO%2BI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADowager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/about-us/style-book/5277599/Titles-and-how-to-use-them.html">"Titles and how to use them"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 4 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Titles+and+how+to+use+them&rft.date=2009-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftopics%2Fabout-us%2Fstyle-book%2F5277599%2FTitles-and-how-to-use-them.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADowager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.co.uk/biographies/the-queen-mother">"The Queen Mother"</a>. <i>Sky HISTORY TV channel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+HISTORY+TV+channel&rft.atitle=The+Queen+Mother&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.co.uk%2Fbiographies%2Fthe-queen-mother&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADowager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJung_Chang2013" class="citation book cs1">Jung Chang (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bp4toTYNDLkC&pg=PP68"><i>Empress Dowager Cixi</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385350372" title="Special:BookSources/9780385350372"><bdi>9780385350372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empress+Dowager+Cixi&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780385350372&rft.au=Jung+Chang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbp4toTYNDLkC%26pg%3DPP68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADowager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFlesoir.be2016" class="citation web cs1">lesoir.be (21 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesoir.be/1286062/article/soirmag/soirmag-histoire/2016-08-08/baudouin-et-fabiola-un-couple-fusionnel">"Baudouin et Fabiola, un couple fusionnel"</a>. <i>lesoir.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lesoir.be&rft.atitle=Baudouin+et+Fabiola%2C+un+couple+fusionnel&rft.date=2016-08-21&rft.au=lesoir.be&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesoir.be%2F1286062%2Farticle%2Fsoirmag%2Fsoirmag-histoire%2F2016-08-08%2Fbaudouin-et-fabiola-un-couple-fusionnel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADowager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dowager&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dowager" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:dowager">dowager</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Dowager"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Dowager">"Dowager" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dowager&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADowager" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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