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If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{pp-pc1}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{calendar}} {{This date in recent years}} {{Day}} ==Events== ===Pre-1600=== * [[224]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Hormozdgan]] is fought. [[Ardashir I]] defeats and kills [[Artabanus V of Parthia|Artabanus V]] effectively ending the [[Parthian Empire]]. * [[357]] &ndash; Emperor [[Constantius II]] enters [[Rome]] for the first time to celebrate his victory over [[Magnentius|Magnus Magnentius]]. *[[1192]] &ndash; Assassination of [[Conrad of Montferrat]] (Conrad I), [[King of Jerusalem]], in [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]], two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by [[Hashshashin]]. *[[1253]] &ndash; [[Nichiren]], a Japanese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk, propounds ''[[Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō]]'' for the first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding [[Nichiren Buddhism]]. *[[1294]] &ndash; [[Temür Khan|Temür]], grandson of [[Kublai]], is elected [[Khagan]] of the [[Mongols]] with the reigning title Oljeitu.<ref>{{cite book|last=Endicott-West|first=Elizabeth|chapter=Imperial Governance in Yüan Times|title=The History of Mongolia. Volume I: The Pre-Chinggisid Era, Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire|editor-last1=Sneath|editor-first1=David|editor-last2=Kaplonski|editor-first2=Christopher|location=Folkestone, Kent, UK|publisher=Global Oriental|date=2010|isbn=9781905246366|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_V5DwAAQBAJ|page=495, fn. 60}}</ref> *[[1503]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Cerignola]] is fought. It is noted as one of the first European battles in history won by small arms fire using [[gunpowder]]. ===1601–1900=== *[[1611]] &ndash; Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal [[University of Santo Tomas]], The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest [[Catholic higher education|Catholic university]] in the world. *[[1625]] &ndash; A combined [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] fleet of 52 ships commences the [[recapture of Bahia]] from the Dutch during the [[Dutch–Portuguese War]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Spector|first=Robert M.|chapter=Frederick Henry|title=Dictionary of World Biography. Volume 4: The 17th and 18th Centuries|editor-last=Magill|editor-first=Frank N.|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=1999|isbn=0893563161|page=502|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaHdAAAAQBAJ}}</ref> *[[1758]] &ndash; The [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]] defeat the [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]] in the Battle of Attock and capture the city.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813 |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant L. |date=2005 |publisher=New Dawn Press, Inc |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |location=Slough, Berkshire, UK |oclc=61811853}}</ref> *[[1788]] &ndash; [[Maryland]] becomes the seventh state to ratify the [[United States Constitution]]. *[[1789]] &ndash; [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']]: Lieutenant [[William Bligh]] and 18 sailors are set adrift, and the rebel crew returns to [[Tahiti]] briefly before setting sail for [[Pitcairn Island]]. *[[1792]] &ndash; France invades the [[Austrian Netherlands]] (present day Belgium and Luxembourg), beginning the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. *[[1794]] &ndash; [[Sardinians]], headed by [[Giovanni Maria Angioy]], start a revolution against the [[House of Savoy|Savoy domination]], expelling Viceroy Balbiano and his officials from [[Cagliari]], the capital and largest city of the island. *[[1796]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Paris (1796)|Armistice of Cherasco]] is signed by [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] and [[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia|Vittorio Amedeo III]], King of [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]], expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast. *[[1859]] &ndash; The sailing clipper ship [[Pomona (ship)|Pomona]] wrecked on the coast of Ireland with the loss of 424 of the 448 passengers and crew aboard.<ref>{{cite news |title=The late Fearful Wreck off Blackwater|work=Wexford Constitution|page=4|date=4 May 1859 |accessdate=30 April 2020|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001392/18590504/046/0004| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref> *[[1869]] &ndash; Chinese and Irish laborers for the [[Central Pacific Railroad]] working on the [[First transcontinental railroad]] lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched. *[[1881]] &ndash; [[Billy the Kid]] escapes from the [[Lincoln County, New Mexico|Lincoln County]] jail in [[Mesilla, New Mexico]]. *[[1887]] &ndash; A week after being arrested by the [[Prussian Secret Police]], French police inspector [[Guillaume Schnaebelé]] is released on order of [[William I, German Emperor]], defusing a possible war. ===1901–present=== *[[1910]] &ndash; Frenchman [[Louis Paulhan]] wins the [[1910 London to Manchester air race]], the first long-distance [[Air racing|aeroplane race]] in the United Kingdom. *[[1920]] &ndash; The [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] is founded. *[[1923]] &ndash; [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium. *[[1930]] &ndash; The [[Independence Producers]] host the first [[night game]] in the history of [[Professional baseball|Organized Baseball]] in [[Independence, Kansas]]. *[[1937]] &ndash; [[South Africa|South African]] medical researcher [[Max Theiler]] develops the [[yellow fever]] [[vaccine]] at the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] in [[New York City|New York]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44853136 |journal=ResearchGate |date=June 2010 |volume=83 |pages=77–85 |language=en|last1=Frierson |first1=J. |issue=2 |pmid=20589188 |pmc=2892770 }}</ref> *[[1941]] &ndash; The [[Ustaše]] [[Gudovac massacre|massacre]] nearly 200 [[Serbs]] in the village of [[Gudovac]], the first massacre of their [[World War II persecution of Serbs|genocidal campaign]] against Serbs of the [[Independent State of Croatia]]. *[[1944]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Nine German [[E-boat]]s attack US and UK units during [[Exercise Tiger]], the rehearsal for the [[Normandy landings]], killing 946. *[[1945]] &ndash; [[Benito Mussolini]] and his mistress [[Clara Petacci]] are shot dead by [[Walter Audisio]], a member of the [[Italian resistance movement]]. * 1945 &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Nazi Germany]] carries out its final use of [[Gas chamber|gas chambers]] to execute 33 Upper Austrian socialist and communist leaders in [[Mauthausen concentration camp]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=1945: Key Dates|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/1945-key-dates|access-date=2022-01-17|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en}}</ref> *[[1947]] &ndash; [[Thor Heyerdahl]] and five crew mates set out from [[Peru]] on the ''[[Kon-Tiki]]'' to demonstrate that Peruvian natives could have settled [[Polynesia]]. *[[1948]] &ndash; [[Igor Stravinsky]] conducts the premiere of his American ballet, ''[[Orpheus (ballet)|Orpheus]]'' at the [[New York City Center]]. *[[1949]] &ndash; The [[Hukbalahap]] are accused of assassinating former [[First Lady of the Philippines]] [[Aurora Quezon]], while she is ''en route'' to dedicate a hospital in memory of her [[Manuel L. Quezon|late husband]]; her daughter and ten others are also killed. *[[1952]] &ndash; [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] resigns as [[Supreme Allied Commander Europe|Supreme Allied Commander]] of [[NATO]] in order to campaign in the [[1952 United States presidential election]]. * 1952 &ndash; The [[Treaty of San Francisco]] comes into effect, restoring Japanese sovereignty and ending its state of war with most of the [[Allies of World War II]]. * 1952 &ndash; The [[Treaty of Taipei|Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei)]] is signed in [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] between Japan and the [[Republic of China]] to officially end the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. *[[1965]] &ndash; [[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)|United States occupation of the Dominican Republic]]: American troops land in the [[Dominican Republic]] to "forestall establishment of a [[Communist]] dictatorship" and to evacuate US Army troops. *[[1967]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: Boxer [[Muhammad Ali]] refuses his induction into the [[United States Army]] and is subsequently stripped of his championship and license. *[[1969]] &ndash; [[Charles de Gaulle]] resigns as [[President of France]]. *[[1970]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: US President [[Richard Nixon]] formally authorizes American combat troops to take part in the [[Cambodian campaign]]. *[[1973]] &ndash; ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' by [[Pink Floyd]], recorded in [[Abbey Road Studios]] goes to number one on the [[Billboard charts|US ''Billboard'' chart]], beginning a record-breaking 741-week chart run. *[[1975]] &ndash; General [[Cao Văn Viên]], chief of the [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam|South Vietnamese military]], departs for the US as the [[North Vietnamese Army]] [[Ho Chi Minh Campaign|closes in on victory]].<ref>{{cite news|last=St. George|first=Donna|title=Cao Van Vien, 1921-2008|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 2, 2009|access-date=April 28, 2019|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/02/AR2009010200923.html}}</ref> *[[1977]] &ndash; The [[Red Army Faction]] trial ends, with [[Andreas Baader]], [[Gudrun Ensslin]] and [[Jan-Carl Raspe]] found guilty of four counts of [[murder]] and more than 30 counts of attempted murder. *[[1978]] &ndash; The [[President of Afghanistan]], [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]], is overthrown and [[assassination|assassinated]] in a [[Saur Revolution|coup]] led by pro-communist rebels.<ref name="Thompson">{{cite journal|url=https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2019/02/1978-revolution-in-afghanistan/|title=The 1978 Revolution in Afghanistan|last=Thompson|first=Larry Clinton|date=February 2019|journal=American Diplomacy|department=Eyewitness|access-date=25 August 2021}}</ref> *[[1983]] &ndash; The West German news magazine ''[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]]'' begins publishing excerpts from the purported [[Hitler Diaries|diaries of Adolf Hitler]], later revealed to be forgeries.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rentschler|first=Eric|title=The Fascination of a Fake: The Hitler Diaries|journal=New German Critique|issue=90|date=Autumn 2003|page=178|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham, NC|jstor=3211115|doi=10.2307/3211115}}</ref> *[[1986]] &ndash; High levels of radiation resulting from the [[Chernobyl disaster]] are detected at [[Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant]] in Sweden, leading Soviet authorities to publicly announce the accident.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chernobyl haunts engineer who alerted world|date=26 April 1996|publisher=[[Cable News Network|Cable News Network, Inc.]]|url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9604/26/chernobyl/230pm/index2.html|work=CNN Interactive World News|access-date=28 April 2008}}</ref> *[[1988]] &ndash; Near [[Maui]], Hawaii, [[flight attendant]] Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of [[Aloha Airlines Flight 243]], a [[Boeing 737]], and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight. *[[1994]] &ndash; Former [[Central Intelligence Agency]] [[counterintelligence]] officer and analyst [[Aldrich Ames]] pleads guilty to giving US secrets to the [[Soviet Union]] and later Russia. *[[1996]] &ndash; [[Whitewater controversy]]: President [[Bill Clinton]] gives a 4{{frac|1|2}} hour videotaped testimony for the defense. * 1996 &ndash; [[Port Arthur massacre (Australia)|Port Arthur massacre, Tasmania]]: A gunman, [[Martin Bryant]], opens fire at the Broad Arrow Cafe in [[Port Arthur, Tasmania]], killing 35 people and wounding 23 others. *[[2004]] &ndash; [[CBS News]] releases evidence of the [[Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse]]. The photographs show rape and abuse from the American troops over Iraqi detainees. ==Births==  ===Pre-1600=== *[[AD 32]] &ndash; [[Otho]], Roman emperor (d. 69 AD) *[[1402]] &ndash; [[Nezahualcoyotl (tlatoani)|Nezahualcoyotl]], Acolhuan philosopher, warrior, poet and ruler (d. 1472) *[[1442]] &ndash; [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]], king of England (d. 1483) *[[1545]] &ndash; [[Yi Sun-sin]], Korean commander (d. 1598) *[[1573]] &ndash; [[Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême]], son of [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] (d. 1650) ===1601–1900=== *[[1604]] &ndash; [[Joris Jansen Rapelje]], Dutch settler in colonial North America (d. 1662) *[[1623]] &ndash; [[Wilhelmus Beekman]], Dutch politician (d. 1707) *[[1630]] &ndash; [[Charles Cotton]], English poet and author (d. 1687) *[[1676]] &ndash; [[Frederick I of Sweden|Frederick I]], prince consort and king of Sweden (d. 1751) *[[1715]] &ndash; [[Franz Sparry]], Austrian composer and educator (d. 1767) *[[1758]] &ndash; [[James Monroe]], American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th [[President of the United States]] (d. 1831) *[[1761]] &ndash; [[Marie Harel]], French cheesemaker (d. 1844) *[[1765]] &ndash; [[Sylvestre François Lacroix]], French mathematician and academic (d. 1834) *[[1819]] &ndash; [[Ezra Abbot]], American scholar and academic (d. 1884) *[[1827]] &ndash; [[William Hall (VC)|William Hall]], Canadian soldier, [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (d. 1904) *[[1838]] &ndash; [[Tobias Asser]], Dutch lawyer and scholar, [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 1913) *[[1848]] &ndash; [[Ludvig Schytte]], Danish pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1909) *[[1854]] &ndash; [[Hertha Marks Ayrton]], Polish-British engineer, mathematician, and physicist. (d. 1923)<ref>{{cite book|first=Catharine M. C.|last=Haines|title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950|location=Santa Barbara|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2001|isbn=978-1-57607-090-1|page=12}}</ref> *[[1855]] &ndash; [[José Malhoa]], Portuguese painter (d. 1933) *[[1863]] &ndash; [[Josiah Thomas (politician)|Josiah Thomas]], English-Australian miner and politician, 7th [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)|Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs]] (d. 1933) * 1863 &ndash; [[Nikolai von Meck]], Russian engineer (d. 1929) *[[1865]] &ndash; [[Charles W. Woodworth]], American entomologist and academic (d. 1940) *[[1868]] &ndash; [[Lucy Booth]], English composer (d. 1953) * 1868 &ndash; [[Georgy Voronoy]], Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1908) *[[1874]] &ndash; [[Karl Kraus (writer)|Karl Kraus]], Austrian journalist and author (d. 1936) * 1874 &ndash; [[Sidney Toler]], American actor and director (d. 1947) *[[1876]] &ndash; [[Nicola Romeo]], Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1938) *[[1878]] &ndash; [[Lionel Barrymore]], American actor and director (d. 1954) *[[1886]] &ndash; [[Erich Salomon]], German-born news photographer (d. 1944) * 1886 &ndash; [[Arthur Shaw (athlete)|Art Shaw]], American hurdler (d. 1955) *[[1888]] &ndash; [[Walter Tull]], English footballer and soldier (d. 1918) *[[1889]] &ndash; [[António de Oliveira Salazar]], Portuguese economist and politician, 100th [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] (d. 1970) *[[1896]] &ndash; [[Na Hye-sok]], South Korean journalist, poet, and painter (d. 1948) * 1896 &ndash; [[Tristan Tzara]], Romanian-French poet and critic (d. 1963)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hentea|first=Marius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oRmnBAAAQBAJ&pg=PR11|title=TaTa Dada: The Real Life and Celestial Adventures of Tristan Tzara|date=2014-09-12|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-02754-0|pages=1–2|language=en}}</ref> *[[1897]] &ndash; [[Ye Jianying]], Chinese general and politician, [[List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China|Head of State of the People's Republic of China]] (d. 1986) *[[1900]] &ndash; [[Alice Berry]], Australian activist (d. 1978)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Helen|title=Dame Alice Miriam Berry (1900–1978) |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/berry-dame-alice-miriam-9496|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152309/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/berry-dame-alice-miriam-9496 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live |website=Australian Dictionary of Biography |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University}}</ref> * 1900 &ndash; [[Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)|Heinrich Müller]], German [[SS]] officer (d. 1945)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adams |first1=Jefferson |title=Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence |date=1 September 2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6320-0 |page=308 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnEWm4kC844C&pg=PA308 |language=en}}</ref> * 1900 &ndash; [[Jan Oort]], Dutch astronomer and academic (d. 1992)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van De Hulst |first1=Hendrik Christoffel |title=Jan Hendrik Oort, 28 April 1900 - 5 November 1992 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=November 1994 |volume=40 |pages=319–326 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1994.0042|s2cid=72529108 }}</ref> ===1901–present=== *[[1901]] &ndash; [[H. B. Stallard]], English runner and surgeon (d. 1973) *[[1902]] &ndash; [[Johan Borgen]], Norwegian author and critic (d. 1979) *[[1906]] &ndash; [[Kurt Gödel]], Czech-American mathematician, philosopher, and academic (d. 1978) * 1906 &ndash; [[Paul Sacher]], Swiss conductor and philanthropist (d. 1999) *[[1908]] &ndash; [[Ethel Catherwood]], American-Canadian high jumper and javelin thrower (d. 1987) * 1908 &ndash; [[Jack Fingleton]], Australian cricketer, journalist, and sportscaster (d. 1981) * 1908 &ndash; [[Oskar Schindler]], Czech-German businessman (d. 1974) *[[1909]] &ndash; [[Arthur Võõbus]], Estonian-American theologist and orientalist (d. 1988) *[[1910]] &ndash; [[Sam Merwin, Jr.]], American author (d. 1996) *[[1911]] &ndash; [[Lee Falk]], American director, producer, and playwright (d. 1999) *[[1912]] &ndash; [[Odette Hallowes]], French soldier and spy (d. 1995) * 1912 &ndash; [[Kaneto Shindō]], Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012) *[[1913]] &ndash; [[Rose Murphy]], American singer (d. 1989) *[[1914]] &ndash; [[Michel Mohrt]], French author, historian (d. 2011) *[[1916]] &ndash; [[Ferruccio Lamborghini]], Italian businessman, created [[Lamborghini]] (d. 1993) *[[1917]] &ndash; [[Robert Cornthwaite (actor)|Robert Cornthwaite]], American actor (d. 2006) *[[1921]] &ndash; [[Rowland Evans]], American soldier, journalist, and author (d. 2001) * 1921 &ndash; [[Simin Daneshvar]], Iranian author and academic (d. 2012) *[[1923]] &ndash; [[Carolyn Cassady]], American author (d. 2013) * 1923 &ndash; [[William Guarnere]], American sergeant (d. 2014) *[[1924]] &ndash; [[Dick Ayers]], American author and illustrator (d. 2014) * 1924 &ndash; [[Blossom Dearie]], American singer and pianist (d. 2009) * 1924 &ndash; [[Kenneth Kaunda]], Zambian educator and politician, first [[president of Zambia]] (d. 2021)<ref>{{cite news |last=Arnold |first=Guy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/17/kenneth-kaunda-obituary |title=Kenneth Kaunda obituary |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 June 2021 |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> *[[1925]] &ndash; [[T. John Lesinski]], American judge and politician, 51st [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]] (d. 1996) * 1925 &ndash; [[John Leonard Thorn]], English lieutenant, author, and academic (d. 2023) *[[1926]] &ndash; [[James Bama]], American artist and illustrator (d. 2022) * 1926 &ndash; [[Bill Blackbeard]], American historian and author (d. 2011) * 1926 &ndash; [[Harper Lee]], American novelist (d. 2016)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grimes |first1=William |title=Harper Lee, Author of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Dies at 89 (Published 2016) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/20/arts/harper-lee-dies.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/20/arts/harper-lee-dies.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=19 February 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * 1926 &ndash; [[Hulusi Sayın]], Turkish general (d. 1991) *[[1928]] &ndash; [[Yves Klein]], French painter (d. 1962) * 1928 &ndash; [[Eugene Merle Shoemaker]], American geologist and astronomer (d. 1997) *[[1930]] &ndash; [[James Baker]], American lawyer and politician, 61st [[United States Secretary of State]] * 1930 &ndash; [[Carolyn Jones]], American actress (d. 1983) *[[1933]] &ndash; [[Miodrag Radulovacki]], Serbian-American neuropharmacologist and academic (d. 2014) *[[1934]] &ndash; [[Lois Duncan]], American journalist and author (d. 2016) *[[1935]] &ndash; [[Pedro Ramos]], Cuban baseball player *[[1936]] &ndash; [[Tariq Aziz]], Iraqi journalist and politician, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)|Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs]] (d. 2015) *[[1937]] &ndash; [[Saddam Hussein]], Iraqi general and politician, 5th [[President of Iraq]] (d. 2006) * 1937 &ndash; [[Jean Redpath]], Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2014) * 1937 &ndash; [[John White (footballer, born 1937)|John White]], Scottish international footballer (d. 1964)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerattic.com/article/john-white-spurs-he-enriched-the-game//|title=John White, Spurs: He Enriched the Game|publisher=soccerattic.com|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728114154/https://www.soccerattic.com/article/john-white-spurs-he-enriched-the-game/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[1938]] &ndash; [[Madge Sinclair]], Jamaican-American actress (d. 1995) *[[1941]] &ndash; [[Ann-Margret]], Swedish-American actress, singer, and dancer * 1941 &ndash; [[Lucien Aimar]], French cyclist * 1941 &ndash; [[John Madejski]], English businessman and academic * 1941 &ndash; [[Karl Barry Sharpless]], American chemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate * 1941 &ndash; [[Iryna Zhylenko]], Ukrainian poet and author (d. 2013) *[[1942]] &ndash; [[Mike Brearley]], English cricketer and psychoanalyst *[[1943]] &ndash; [[Aryeh Bibi]], [[Iraqi Jews|Iraqi]]-born Israeli politician *[[1944]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth LeCompte]], American director and producer * 1944 &ndash; [[Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe]], Belgian politician, 10th [[Minister-President of Wallonia]] * 1944 &ndash; [[Alice Waters]], American chef and author *[[1946]] &ndash; [[Nour El-Sherif]], Egyptian actor and producer (d. 2015) * 1946 &ndash; [[Ginette Reno]], Canadian singer-songwriter and actress * 1946 &ndash; [[Larissa Grunig]], American theorist and activist *[[1947]] &ndash; [[Steve Khan]], American jazz guitarist *[[1948]] &ndash; [[Terry Pratchett]], English journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 2015) * 1948 &ndash; [[Marcia Strassman]], American actress and singer (d. 2014) *[[1949]] &ndash; [[Jeremy Cooke]], English lawyer and judge * 1949 &ndash; [[Paul Guilfoyle]], American actor * 1949 &ndash; [[Bruno Kirby]], American actor and director (d. 2006) *[[1950]] &ndash; [[Willie Colón]], Puerto Rican-American trombonist and producer * 1950 &ndash; [[Jay Leno]], American comedian, talk show host, and producer * 1950 &ndash; [[Steve Rider]], English journalist and sportscaster *[[1951]] &ndash; [[Tim Congdon]], English economist and politician * 1951 &ndash; [[Larry Smith (Canadian politician)|Larry Smith]], Canadian football player and politician *[[1952]] &ndash; [[Chuck Leavell]], American singer-songwriter and keyboard player * 1952 &ndash; [[Mary McDonnell]], American actress *[[1953]] &ndash; [[Roberto Bolaño]], Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist (d. 2003) * 1953 &ndash; [[Kim Gordon]], American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1953 &ndash; [[Brian Greenhoff]], English footballer and coach (d. 2013) *[[1954]] &ndash; [[Timothy Curley]], American educator * 1954 &ndash; [[Michael P. Jackson]], American politician, 3rd [[United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security|Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security]] * 1954 &ndash; [[Vic Sotto]], Filipino actor-producer, singer-songwriter, comedian and television personality * 1954 &ndash; [[Ron Zook]], American football player and coach *[[1955]] &ndash; [[Saeb Erekat]], Chief Palestinian negotiator (d. 2020)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Black |first=Ian |title=Saeb Erekat obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/10/saeb-erekat-obituary |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 November 2020 |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> * 1955 &ndash; [[Eddie Jobson]], English keyboard player and violinist *[[1956]] &ndash; [[Jimmy Barnes]], Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist *[[1958]] &ndash; [[Hal Sutton]], American golfer *[[1960]] &ndash; [[Tom Browning]], American baseball player (d. 2022) * 1960 &ndash; [[Elena Kagan]], American lawyer and jurist, [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] * 1960 &ndash; [[Phil King (musician)|Phil King]], English bass player * 1960 &ndash; [[Ian Rankin]], Scottish author * 1960 &ndash; [[Jón Páll Sigmarsson]], Icelandic strongman and weightlifter (d. 1993) * 1960 &ndash; [[Walter Zenga]], Italian footballer and manager *[[1963]] &ndash; [[Lloyd Eisler]], Canadian figure skater and coach * 1963 &ndash; [[Marc Lacroix (biochemist)|Marc Lacroix]], Belgian biochemist and academic *[[1964]] &ndash; [[Stephen Ames]], Trinidadian golfer * 1964 &ndash; [[Noriyuki Iwadare]], Japanese composer * 1964 &ndash; [[Ajay Kakkar, Baron Kakkar]], English surgeon and academic * 1964 &ndash; [[Barry Larkin]], American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster * 1964 &ndash; [[L'Wren Scott]], American model and fashion designer (d. 2014) *[[1966]] &ndash; [[John Daly (golfer)|John Daly]], American golfer * 1966 &ndash; [[Too Short]], American rapper, producer and actor *[[1967]] &ndash; [[Chris White (politician)|Chris White]], English engineer and politician *[[1968]] &ndash; [[Petra Bayr]], Austrian politician<ref>{{cite web |title=Recherchieren: Personen - Petra Bayr, MA MLS |url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/person/14835 |publisher=[[National Council (Austria)|National Council]] |access-date=11 October 2024 |location=Vienna, Austria |language=de}}</ref> * 1968 &ndash; [[Howard Donald]], English singer-songwriter and producer * 1968 &ndash; [[Andy Flower]], South-African-Zimbabwean cricketer and coach *[[1969]] &ndash; [[LeRon Perry Ellis]], American basketball player *[[1970]] &ndash; [[Richard Fromberg]], Australian tennis player * 1970 &ndash; [[Nicklas Lidström]], Swedish ice hockey player and scout * 1970 &ndash; [[Diego Simeone]], Argentinian footballer and manager *[[1971]] &ndash; [[Bridget Moynahan]], American actress<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dupre |first1=Elyse |title=Tom Brady Shares Rare Public Tribute to Ex Bridget Moynahan in Honor of Her Birthday |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1264128/tom-brady-shares-rare-public-tribute-to-ex-bridget-moynahan-in-honor-of-her-birthday |publisher=[[E!]] |access-date=21 April 2023 |date=29 April 2021}}</ref> *[[1972]] &ndash; [[Violent J]], American rapper * 1972 &ndash; [[Jean-Paul van Gastel]], Dutch footballer and manager *[[1973]] &ndash; [[Jorge Garcia]], American actor and producer * 1973 &ndash; [[Andrew Mehrtens]], South African-New Zealand rugby player *[[1974]] &ndash; [[Penélope Cruz]], Spanish actress and producer * 1974 &ndash; [[Margo Dydek]], Polish basketball player and coach (d. 2011) * 1974 &ndash; [[Vernon Kay]], English radio and television host * 1974 &ndash; [[Dominic Matteo]], Scottish footballer and journalist *[[1975]] &ndash; [[Michael Walchhofer]], Austrian skier *[[1977]] &ndash; [[Titus O'Neil]], American wrestler and football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Titus O'Neil |url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/17174121/wwe-profile-page-titus-oneil |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=21 April 2023 |date=11 August 2016}}</ref> *[[1978]] &ndash; [[Lauren Laverne]], English singer and television and radio host *[[1979]] &ndash; [[Scott Fujita]], American football player and sportscaster *[[1980]] &ndash; [[Bradley Wiggins]], English cyclist *[[1981]] &ndash; [[Jessica Alba]], American model and actress *[[1982]] &ndash; [[Nikki Grahame]], English model and journalist (d. 2021) * 1982 &ndash; [[Chris Kaman]], American basketball player *[[1983]] &ndash; [[Josh Brookes]], Australian motorcycle racer * 1983 &ndash; [[David Freese]], American baseball player * 1983 &ndash; [[Roger Johnson (footballer)|Roger Johnson]], English footballer * 1983 &ndash; [[Thomas Waldrom]], New Zealand-English rugby player *[[1984]] &ndash; [[Dmitri Torbinski]], Russian footballer *[[1985]] &ndash; [[Lucas Jakubczyk]], German sprinter and long jumper * 1985 &ndash; [[Deividas Stagniūnas]], Lithuanian ice dancer *[[1986]] &ndash; [[Roman Polák]], Czech ice hockey player * 1986 &ndash; [[Jenna Ushkowitz]], Korean-American actress, singer, and dancer *[[1987]] &ndash; [[Daequan Cook]], American basketball player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/cookda02.html|title=Daequan Cook Stats|website=Basketball-Reference.com}}</ref> * 1987 &ndash; [[Drew Gulak]], American wrestler<ref>{{cite web |title=Drew Gulak |url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/17876456/wwe-profile-page-drew-gulak |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=21 April 2023 |date=15 October 2019}}</ref> * 1987 &ndash; [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]], Indian actress and model * 1987 &ndash; [[Bradley Johnson]], English footballer * 1987 &ndash; [[Zoran Tošić]], Serbian footballer *[[1988]] &ndash; [[Jonathan Biabiany]], French footballer * 1988 &ndash; [[Juan Mata]], Spanish footballer *[[1989]] &ndash; [[Emil Salomonsson]], Swedish footballer * 1989 &ndash; [[Kim Sung-kyu]], South Korean singer *[[1992]] &ndash; [[Blake Bortles]], American football player * 1992 &ndash; [[DeMarcus Lawrence]], American football player *[[1993]] &ndash; [[Matt Chapman]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Matt Chapman |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/matt-chapman-656305 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> * 1993 &ndash; [[Eva Samková]], Czech snowboarder *[[1994]] &ndash; [[Jakob Butturff]], American bowler<ref name=JakB-PBAbio>{{cite web|url= https://www.pba.com/bowlers/bowler/44179 |title=Jakob Butturff PBA Player Bio |date=22 July 2015 |publisher=PBA.com |accessdate=October 12, 2018}}</ref> *[[1995]] &ndash; [[Connor Clifton]], American ice hockey player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Connor Clifton |url=https://www.nhl.com/sabres/player/connor-clifton-8477365 |access-date=23 September 2024 |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] }}</ref> * 1995 &ndash; [[Melanie Martinez (singer)|Melanie Martinez]], American singer *[[1997]] &ndash; [[Shane McClanahan]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Shane McClanahan |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/shane-mcclanahan-663556 |publisher=MLB |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref> * 1997 &ndash; [[Denzel Ward]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Denzel Ward |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/3915535/denzel-ward |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> *[[1998]] &ndash; [[Song Yuvin|Song Yu-bin]], South Korean singer and actor<ref>{{cite web |title=Song Yuvin's profile on Naver |url=https://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=tab_ppn&query=%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B4%EC%86%A1%EC%9C%A0%EB%B9%88&os=2072619&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201091816/https://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=tab_ppn&query=%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B4%EC%86%A1%EC%9C%A0%EB%B9%88&os=2072619&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService |archive-date=2020-12-01 |access-date=2019-06-06 |publisher=Naver |language=ko}}</ref> *[[2000]] &ndash; [[Victoria De Angelis]], Italian musician<ref> {{Cite web | title= 17 FACTS ABOUT VICTORIA DE ANGELIS | url= https://vertigomag.co.uk/maneskin/17-facts-about-victoria-de-angelis | access-date=21 October 2024 | publisher= Vertigo}}</ref> *[[2001]] &ndash; [[Anthony Volpe]], American baseball player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Volpe #11 |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/anthony-volpe-683011 |access-date=10 April 2024 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]]}}</ref>  ==Deaths== ===Pre-1600=== * [[224]] &ndash; [[Artabanus IV of Parthia]] (b. 191) * [[948]] &ndash; [[Hu Jinsi]], Chinese general and prefect * [[988]] &ndash; [[Adaldag]], archbishop of [[Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]]<ref name="fw">{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Samuel Macauley |title=New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge |date=1914 |publisher=Funk and Wagnalls |location=London and New York |edition=3rd }}</ref> * [[992]] &ndash; [[Jawhar (general)|Jawhar as-Siqilli]], [[Fatimid]] statesman<ref>* {{EI2 | title=D̲j̲awhar al-Ṣiḳillī | first = Hussain | last = Monés | volume = 2 | pages = 494–495 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2034}}</ref> *[[1109]] &ndash; Abbot [[Hugh of Cluny]] (b. 1024)<ref>{{cite book |last=Bouchard |first=Constance Brittain |title=Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and Church in Burgundy, 980-1198 |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=1987 }}</ref> *[[1192]] &ndash; [[Conrad of Montferrat]] (b. 1140) *[[1197]] &ndash; [[Rhys ap Gruffydd]], prince of [[Deheubarth]] (b. 1132) *[[1257]] &ndash; [[Shajar al-Durr]], sovereign sultana of Egypt *[[1260]] &ndash; [[Luchesius Modestini]], founding member of the [[Third Order of St. Francis]] *[[1400]] &ndash; [[Baldus de Ubaldis]], Italian jurist (b. 1327) *[[1489]] &ndash; [[Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland]], English politician (b. 1449) *[[1533]] &ndash; [[Nicholas West]], English bishop and diplomat (b. 1461) ===1601–1900=== *[[1643]] &ndash; [[Francisco de Lucena]], Portuguese politician (b. 1578) *[[1710]] &ndash; [[Thomas Betterton]], English actor and manager (b. 1630) *[[1716]] &ndash; [[Louis de Montfort]], French priest and saint (b. 1673) *[[1726]] &ndash; [[Thomas Pitt]], English merchant and politician (b. 1653) *[[1741]] &ndash; [[Magnus Julius De la Gardie]], Swedish general and politician (b. 1668) *[[1772]] &ndash; [[Johann Friedrich Struensee]], German physician and politician (b. 1737) *[[1781]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Harnett]], American merchant, farmer, and politician (b. 1723) *[[1813]] &ndash; [[Mikhail Kutuzov]], Russian field marshal (b. 1745) *[[1816]] &ndash; [[Johann Heinrich Abicht]], German philosopher, author, and academic (b. 1762) *[[1841]] &ndash; [[Peter Chanel]], French priest, missionary, and martyr (b. 1803) *[[1853]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Tieck]], German author and poet (b. 1773) *[[1858]] &ndash; [[Johannes Peter Müller]], German physiologist and anatomist (b. 1801) *[[1865]] &ndash; [[Samuel Cunard]], Canadian-English businessman, founded [[Cunard Line]] (b. 1787) *[[1881]] &ndash; [[Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon]], French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818) *[[1883]] &ndash; [[John Russell (parson)|John Russell]], English hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795) ===1901–present=== *[[1902]] &ndash; [[Cyprien Tanguay]], Canadian priest and historian (b. 1819) *[[1903]] &ndash; [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]], American scientist (b. 1839)<ref>{{cite web |title=J. Willard Gibbs {{!}} American scientist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-Willard-Gibbs |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> *[[1905]] &ndash; [[Fitzhugh Lee]], American general and politician, 40th [[Governor of Virginia]] (b. 1835) *[[1921]] &ndash; [[Maurice Moore (Irish republican)]], executed member of the [[Irish Republican Army]] (b. 1894)<ref>MacEoin, Uinseann (1997), ''The IRA in the twilight years 1923-1948'', Argenta Publications, Dublin, pg. 797, ISBN 9780951117248</ref> *[[1925]] &ndash; [[Richard Butler (Australian politician)|Richard Butler]], English-Australian politician, 23rd [[Premier of South Australia]] (b. 1850) *[[1928]] &ndash; [[May Jordan McConnel]], Australian trade unionist and suffragist (b. 1860)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21402766|title=Family Notices|date=6 May 1929|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=22,237|page=12|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> *[[1929]] &ndash; [[Hendrik van Heuckelum]], Dutch footballer (b. 1879) *[[1936]] &ndash; [[Fuad I of Egypt]] (b. 1868) *[[1939]] &ndash; [[Anne Walter Fearn]], American physician (b. 1867)<ref>{{cite book|first=Philips|last=Clifton J.|chapter=Fearn, Anne Walter|editor-first=Edward T.|editor-last=James|title=Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary|volume=1|year=1971|isbn=978-0-67462-734-5|page=603}}</ref> *[[1944]] &ndash; [[Mohammed Alim Khan]], Manghud ruler (b. 1880) * 1944 &ndash; [[Frank Knox]], American journalist and politician, 46th [[United States Secretary of the Navy]] (b. 1874) *[[1945]] &ndash; [[Roberto Farinacci]], Italian soldier and politician (b. 1892) * 1945 &ndash; [[Hermann Fegelein]], German general (b. 1906) * 1945 &ndash; [[Benito Mussolini]], Italian journalist and politician, 27th [[Prime Minister of Italy]] (b. 1883) *[[1946]] &ndash; [[Louis Bachelier]], French mathematician and academic (b. 1870) *[[1954]] &ndash; [[Léon Jouhaux]], French union leader, [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1879) *[[1956]] &ndash; [[Fred Marriott]], American race car driver (b. 1872) *[[1957]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Bär]], German colonel and pilot (b. 1913) *[[1962]] &ndash; [[Bennie Osler]], South African rugby player (b. 1901) *[[1963]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm Weber (gymnast)|Wilhelm Weber]], German gymnast (b. 1880) *[[1970]] &ndash; [[Ed Begley]], American actor (b. 1901) *[[1973]] &ndash; [[Clas Thunberg]], Finnish speed skater (b. 1893) *[[1976]] &ndash; [[Richard Hughes (writer)|Richard Hughes]], American author and poet (b. 1900) *[[1977]] &ndash; [[Ricardo Cortez]], American actor (b. 1900) * 1977 &ndash; [[Sepp Herberger]], German footballer and coach (b. 1897) *[[1978]] &ndash; [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]], Afghan commander and politician, 1st [[President of Afghanistan]] (b. 1909)<ref name="Thompson"/> *[[1980]] &ndash; [[Tommy Caldwell (musician)|Tommy Caldwell]], American bass player (b. 1949) *[[1987]] &ndash; [[Ben Linder]], American engineer and activist (b. 1959) *[[1989]] &ndash; [[Esa Pakarinen]], Finnish actor and musician (b. 1911)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vintti.yle.fi/yle.fi/satumaa/satumaa/ajankohtaista/2011-01-26/esa-pakarisen-syntymasta-100-vuotta.htm|title=Esa Pakarisen syntymästä 100 vuotta|first=Airi|last=Saastamoinen|work=Satumaa|publisher=[[Yle]]|date=January 26, 2011|access-date=December 22, 2021|language=fi}}</ref> *[[1991]] &ndash; [[Steve Broidy]], American film producer (b. 1905) *[[1992]] &ndash; [[Francis Bacon (artist)|Francis Bacon]], Irish painter (b. 1909) *[[1993]] &ndash; [[Diva Diniz Corrêa]], Brazilian zoologist (b. 1918) * 1993 &ndash; [[Jim Valvano]], American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1946) *[[1994]] &ndash; [[Berton Roueché]], American journalist and author (b. 1910) *[[1996]] &ndash; [[Lester Sumrall]], American minister, founded [[Lester Sumrall|LeSEA]] (b. 1913) *[[1997]] &ndash; [[Ann Petry]], American novelist (b. 1908) *[[1998]] &ndash; [[Jerome Bixby]], American author and screenwriter (b. 1923) *[[1999]] &ndash; [[Rory Calhoun]], American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922) * 1999 &ndash; [[Rolf Landauer]], German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1927) * 1999 &ndash; [[Alf Ramsey]], English footballer and manager (b. 1920) * 1999 &ndash; [[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]], American physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1921) *[[2000]] &ndash; [[Jerzy Einhorn]], Polish-Swedish physician and politician (b. 1925) * 2000 &ndash; [[Penelope Fitzgerald]], English author and poet (b. 1916) *[[2002]] &ndash; [[Alexander Lebed]], Russian general and politician (b. 1950) * 2002 &ndash; [[Lou Thesz]], American wrestler and trainer (b. 1916) *[[2005]] &ndash; [[Percy Heath]], American bassist (b. 1923) * 2005 &ndash; [[Chris Candido]], American wrestler (b. 1971) * 2005 &ndash; [[Taraki Sivaram]], Sri Lankan journalist and author (b. 1959) *[[2006]] &ndash; [[Steve Howe (baseball)|Steve Howe]], American baseball player (b. 1958) *[[2007]] &ndash; [[Dabbs Greer]], American actor (b. 1917) * 2007 &ndash; [[René Mailhot]], Canadian journalist (b. 1942) * 2007 &ndash; [[Tommy Newsom]], American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1929) * 2007 &ndash; [[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker]], German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912) * 2007 &ndash; [[Bertha Wilson]], Scottish-Canadian lawyer and jurist (b. 1923) *[[2009]] &ndash; [[Ekaterina Maximova]], Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1939) * 2009 &ndash; [[Richard Pratt (Australian businessman)|Richard Pratt]], Polish-Australian businessman (b. 1934) *[[2011]] &ndash; [[Erhard Loretan]], Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959) *[[2012]] &ndash; [[Fred Allen (rugby union)|Fred Allen]], New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1920) * 2012 &ndash; [[Matilde Camus]], Spanish poet and author (b. 1919) * 2012 &ndash; [[Al Ecuyer]], American football player (b. 1937) * 2012 &ndash; [[Patricia Medina]], English actress (b. 1919) * 2012 &ndash; [[Milan N. Popović]], Serbian psychiatrist and author (b. 1924) * 2012 &ndash; [[Aberdeen Shikoyi]], Kenyan rugby player (b. 1985) *[[2013]] &ndash; [[Brad Lesley]], American baseball player (b. 1958) * 2013 &ndash; [[Fredrick McKissack]], American author (b. 1939) * 2013 &ndash; [[John C. Reynolds]], American computer scientist and academic (b. 1935) * 2013 &ndash; [[Jack Shea (director)|Jack Shea]], American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928) * 2013 &ndash; [[János Starker]], Hungarian-American cellist and educator (b. 1924) * 2013 &ndash; [[Paulo Vanzolini]], Brazilian singer-songwriter and zoologist (b. 1924) * 2013 &ndash; [[Bernie Wood]], New Zealand journalist and author (b. 1939) *[[2014]] &ndash; [[Barbara Fiske Calhoun]], American cartoonist and painter (b. 1919) * 2014 &ndash; [[William Honan]], American journalist and author (b. 1930) * 2014 &ndash; [[Dennis Kamakahi]], American guitarist and composer (b. 1953) * 2014 &ndash; [[Edgar Laprade]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919) * 2014 &ndash; [[Jack Ramsay]], American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1925) * 2014 &ndash; [[Idris Sardi]], Indonesian violinist and composer (b. 1938) * 2014 &ndash; [[Frederic Schwartz]], American architect, co-designed ''[[Empty Sky (memorial)|Empty Sky]]'' (b. 1951) * 2014 &ndash; [[Ryan Tandy]], Australian rugby player (b. 1981) *[[2015]] &ndash; [[Antônio Abujamra]], Brazilian actor and director (b. 1932) * 2015 &ndash; [[Marcia Brown]], American author and illustrator (b. 1918) * 2015 &ndash; [[Michael J. Ingelido]], American general (b. 1916) *[[2016]] &ndash; [[Jenny Diski]], English author and screenwriter (b. 1947) *[[2017]] &ndash; [[Mariano Gagnon]], American Catholic priest and author (b. 1929) *[[2018]] &ndash; [[James Hylton]], American race car driver (b. 1934) *[[2019]] &ndash; [[Richard Lugar]], American politician (b. 1932)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/04/28/richard-lugar-dies-former-indiana-senator/3608748002/ |title=Former Indiana Senator Richard Lugar dies - usatoday.com |author= Maureen Groppe|date=2019-04-28|website=USA Today| access-date=2019-04-29}}</ref> * 2019 &ndash; [[John Singleton]], American film director (b. 1968)<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Cynthia|last=Littleton|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/john-singleton-dies-dead-boyz-n-the-hood-1203200263/#!&referrerID=InAppShare|title='Boyz n the Hood' Director John Singleton Dies at 51|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=April 29, 2019|via=[[MSN]]}}</ref> *[[2021]] &ndash; [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]], American astronaut (b. 1930)<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/28/science/michael-collins-third-man-of-the-moon-landing-dies-at-90.html|title = Michael Collins, 'Third Man' of the Moon Landing, Dies at 90|work = [[The New York Times]]|last = Goldstein|first = Richard|date = April 28, 2021|access-date = April 29, 2021}}</ref> * 2021 &ndash; [[El Risitas]], Spanish comedian (b. 1956)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=Muere 'El Risitas'|url=https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-muere-sevilla-juan-joya-borja-risitas-202104282101_noticia.html|access-date=2021-04-29|website=sevilla|language=es}}</ref> * [[2024]] &ndash; [[Brian McCardie]], Scottish actor and writer (b. 1965)<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Line of Duty actor Brian McCardie dies at 59 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4n1vzgqrl3o |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref>  ==Holidays and observances== *Christian [[feast day]]: **[[Aphrodisius|Aphrodisius and companions]] **[[Gianna Beretta Molla]] **[[Kirill of Turov]] (Orthodox, added to Roman Martyrology in 1969) **[[Louis de Montfort]] **[[Pamphilus of Sulmona]] **[[Peter Chanel]] **[[Vitalis of Milan|Vitalis]] and [[Valeria of Milan]] **[[April 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)]] *[[Mujahideen Victory Day]] ([[Afghanistan]]) *[[National Heroes Day (Barbados)]] *[[Restoration of Sovereignty Day]] ([[Japan]]) *[[Sa die de sa Sardigna|Sardinia Day]] ([[Sardinia]]) *[[Workers' Memorial Day|Workers' Memorial Day and World Day for Safety and Health at Work]] ([[International observances|international]])<ref>{{cite web |title=International Days |url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/observances/international-days/ |website=www.un.org |access-date=2 January 2021 |language=en |date=6 January 2015}}</ref> **[[National Day of Mourning (Canada)|National Day of Mourning]] (Canada) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{commons}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/28 BBC: On This Day] * {{NYT On this day|month=4|day=28}} * [https://www.onthisday.com/events/april/28 Historical Events on April 28] {{months}} [[Category:Days of the year]] [[Category:April]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:0" title="Template:0">Template:0</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:0&action=edit" title="Template:0">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar" title="Template:Calendar">Template:Calendar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar">view 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