CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Equestrianism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"585ae9dd-0020-4c6e-b1c4-e35529bdbf4c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Equestrianism","wgTitle":"Equestrianism","wgCurRevisionId":1259154708,"wgRevisionId":1259154708,"wgArticleId":74700,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles containing Latin-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Commons category link is locally defined","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Equestrianism","Individual sports","Equestrian sports","Uses of boots","Summer Olympic sports"],"wgPageViewLanguage" :"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Equestrianism","wgRelevantArticleId":74700,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q179226", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg/1200px-Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg/800px-Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg/640px-Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Equestrianism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Equestrianism rootpage-Equestrianism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Equestrianism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Equestrianism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Equestrianism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Equestrianism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_of_equestrian_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_equestrian_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview of equestrian activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_equestrian_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_horse_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_horse_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of horse use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_horse_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Horse racing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Horse_racing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Horse racing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Horse_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_of_horse_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_horse_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Types of horse racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_horse_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_and_Olympic_disciplines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_and_Olympic_disciplines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International and Olympic disciplines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_and_Olympic_disciplines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International and Olympic disciplines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_and_Olympic_disciplines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Para-equestrian_disciplines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Para-equestrian_disciplines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Para-equestrian disciplines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Para-equestrian_disciplines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haute_École" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haute_École"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Haute École</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haute_École-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_shows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_shows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Horse shows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_shows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_riding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_riding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>English riding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_riding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_riding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_riding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Western riding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_riding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Harness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rodeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rodeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Rodeo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rodeo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rodeo subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rodeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timed_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timed_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Timed events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timed_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Roping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Rough_Stock"_competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Rough_Stock"_competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>"Rough Stock" competition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Rough_Stock"_competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_rodeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_rodeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>International rodeo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_rodeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_equestrian_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_equestrian_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Other equestrian activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_equestrian_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other equestrian activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_equestrian_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arena_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arena_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Arena sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arena_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_sports_that_use_cattle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_sports_that_use_cattle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Horse sports that use cattle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_sports_that_use_cattle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defined_area_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defined_area_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Defined area sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defined_area_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-country_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-country_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Cross-country sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-country_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Health issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanisms_of_injury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanisms_of_injury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Mechanisms of injury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanisms_of_injury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_severity_of_injury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_severity_of_injury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Types and severity of injury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_and_severity_of_injury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Head injuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_on_helmet_use_in_competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_on_helmet_use_in_competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Rules on helmet use in competition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rules_on_helmet_use_in_competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riding_astride" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riding_astride"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Riding astride</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riding_astride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Equestrianism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فروسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فروسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADpica" title="Hípica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hípica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87" title="آت‌سورمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آت‌سورمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakuda" title="Bakuda – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bakuda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Верхавая язда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Верхавая язда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reidn" title="Reidn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Reidn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%27hegezh" title="Marc'hegezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marc'hegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADpica" title="Hípica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hípica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0_%C3%A7%D3%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Утланса çӳрени – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Утланса çӳрени" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezdectv%C3%AD" title="Jezdectví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jezdectví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchogyddiaeth" title="Marchogyddiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Marchogyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridning" title="Ridning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ridning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiten" title="Reiten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reiten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratsutamine" title="Ratsutamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ratsutamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%80%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιππασία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιππασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADpica" title="Hípica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hípica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajdado" title="Rajdado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rajdado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipika" title="Hipika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سوارکاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوارکاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca%C3%ADocht" title="Marcaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Marcaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADpica" title="Hípica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hípica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Баьрел – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Баьрел" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%B9%EB%A7%88%EC%88%A0" title="승마술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="승마술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="घुड़सवारी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घुड़सवारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahanje" title="Jahanje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jahanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavalkado" title="Kavalkado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kavalkado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkuda" title="Berkuda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Berkuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestamennska" title="Hestamennska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hestamennska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94" title="רכיבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רכיבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunggang_jaran" title="Nunggang jaran – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nunggang jaran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕುದುರೆ ಸವಾರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕುದುರೆ ಸವಾರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ცხენოსნობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცხენოსნობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ат спорты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ат спорты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwarkar%C3%AE" title="Siwarkarî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Siwarkarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equitatio" title="Equitatio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Equitatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81%C5%A1ana" title="Jāšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jāšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jojimas" title="Jojimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jojimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rije" title="Rije – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dastus" title="Račastus – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Račastus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovagl%C3%A1s" title="Lovaglás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lovaglás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="അശ്വാഭ്യാസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അശ്വാഭ്യാസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekuestrianisme" title="Ekuestrianisme – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekuestrianisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မြင်းစီးခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြင်းစီးခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paardrijden" title="Paardrijden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paardrijden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="घोडसवारी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घोडसवारी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%93" title="馬術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="馬術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="ТӀехиина леларг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТӀехиина леларг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesteridning" title="Hesteridning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hesteridning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesteriding" title="Hesteriding – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hesteriding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BAdziectwo" title="Jeździectwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jeździectwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipismo" title="Hipismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83l%C4%83rie" title="Călărie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Călărie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawallu_yallinakuy" title="Kawallu yallinakuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawallu yallinakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Верховая езда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верховая езда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Equestrianism" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Equestrianism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konjeni%C5%A1tvo" title="Konjeništvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konjeništvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahanje" title="Jahanje – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jahanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahanje" title="Jahanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jahanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratsastus" title="Ratsastus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ratsastus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4sth%C3%A5llning" title="Hästhållning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hästhållning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குதிரையேற்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குதிரையேற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80" title="గుర్రపు స్వారీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గుర్రపు స్వారీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binicilik" title="Binicilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Binicilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Верхова їзда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Верхова їзда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4n_c%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_ng%E1%BB%B1a" title="Môn cưỡi ngựa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Môn cưỡi ngựa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangangabayo" title="Pangangabayo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pangangabayo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%AF" title="马术 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%93" title="馬術 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬術" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%AF" title="马术 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179226#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Equestrianism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Equestrianism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Equestrianism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&oldid=1259154708" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Equestrianism&id=1259154708&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEquestrianism"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEquestrianism"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Equestrianism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Horse_riding" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Horse_riding" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179226" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Equestrian (disambiguation)">Equestrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horse_riding_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Horse riding (disambiguation)">Horse riding (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Horseback" redirects here. For the back of a horse, see <a href="/wiki/Back_(horse)" title="Back (horse)">Back (horse)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Horsewoman" redirects here. For the painting, see <a href="/wiki/Horsewoman_(painting)" title="Horsewoman (painting)">Horsewoman (painting)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg/220px-Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg/330px-Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg/440px-Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>A young rider at a <a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">horse show</a> in Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_(9180978620).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_%289180978620%29.jpg/220px-Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_%289180978620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_%289180978620%29.jpg/330px-Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_%289180978620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_%289180978620%29.jpg/440px-Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_%289180978620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lusitano" title="Lusitano">Lusitano</a> riders of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_School_of_Equestrian_Art" title="Portuguese School of Equestrian Art">Portuguese School of Equestrian Art</a>, one of the "Big Four" most prestigious <a href="/wiki/Category:Equestrian_educational_establishments" title="Category:Equestrian educational establishments">riding academies</a> in the world, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Cadre_Noir" title="Cadre Noir">Cadre Noir</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Riding_School" title="Spanish Riding School">Spanish Riding School</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Andalusian_School_of_Equestrian_Art" title="Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art">Royal Andalusian School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10_Iceland_tourism_-_Icelandic_horses_ride_in_Iceland,_horseback_riding_tourists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/10_Iceland_tourism_-_Icelandic_horses_ride_in_Iceland%2C_horseback_riding_tourists.jpg/220px-10_Iceland_tourism_-_Icelandic_horses_ride_in_Iceland%2C_horseback_riding_tourists.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/10_Iceland_tourism_-_Icelandic_horses_ride_in_Iceland%2C_horseback_riding_tourists.jpg/330px-10_Iceland_tourism_-_Icelandic_horses_ride_in_Iceland%2C_horseback_riding_tourists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/10_Iceland_tourism_-_Icelandic_horses_ride_in_Iceland%2C_horseback_riding_tourists.jpg/440px-10_Iceland_tourism_-_Icelandic_horses_ride_in_Iceland%2C_horseback_riding_tourists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1351" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Equestrian tour on traditional local breed, <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_horse" title="Icelandic horse">Icelandic horses</a> in <a href="/wiki/Skaftafell" title="Skaftafell">Skaftafell</a> mountains of <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Equestrianism</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">equester</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">equestr-</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">equus</i></span>, 'horseman', 'horse'),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly known as <b>horse riding</b> (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth English">Commonwealth English</a>) or <b>horseback riding</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes the disciplines of riding, <a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">driving</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">vaulting</a>. This broad description includes the use of <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a> for practical <a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">working</a> purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, and <a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">competitive sport</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_equestrian_activities">Overview of equestrian activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview of equestrian activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gansu_Museum_2007_308.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gansu_Museum_2007_308.jpg/220px-Gansu_Museum_2007_308.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gansu_Museum_2007_308.jpg/330px-Gansu_Museum_2007_308.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gansu_Museum_2007_308.jpg/440px-Gansu_Museum_2007_308.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Musicians riding horses, <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Horses are <a href="/wiki/Horse_training" title="Horse training">trained</a> and ridden for practical working purposes, such as in <a href="/wiki/Mounted_police" title="Mounted police">police work</a> or for controlling herd animals on a <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a>. They are also used in <a href="/wiki/Horse#Sport" title="Horse">competitive sports</a> including <a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">dressage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">endurance riding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">eventing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reining" title="Reining">reining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">show jumping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tent_pegging" title="Tent pegging">tent pegging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">vaulting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">driving</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a> (see additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples). Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at <a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">horse shows</a> where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines. Horses (and other <a href="/wiki/Equid" class="mw-redirect" title="Equid">equids</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mules</a>) are used for non-competitive recreational riding, such as <a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">fox hunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">trail riding</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_riding" title="Pleasure riding">hacking</a>. There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranches</a>, and public <a href="/wiki/Stable" title="Stable">stables</a> offer both guided and independent riding. Horses are also used for <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_horseback_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic horseback riding">therapeutic</a> purposes both in specialized para-equestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve human health and emotional development. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Horses" class="mw-redirect" title="Horses">Horses</a> are also <a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">driven</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">harness racing</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">horse shows</a>, and in other types of exhibition such as <a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">historical reenactment</a> or ceremony, often pulling <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriages</a>. In some parts of the world, they are still used for practical purposes such as <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">farming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horses continue to be used in public service, in traditional ceremonies (parades, funerals), <a href="/wiki/Police_horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Police horse">police</a> and volunteer mounted patrols and for <a href="/wiki/Mounted_search_and_rescue" title="Mounted search and rescue">mounted search and rescue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Riding_hall" title="Riding hall">Riding halls</a>, also known as indoor arenas or schools, enable training of horse and rider in all weathers as well as indoor competition riding.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_horse_use">History of horse use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of horse use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication of the horse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses in warfare</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cave_painting_in_Doushe_cave,_Lorstan,_Iran,_8th_millennium_BC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cave_painting_in_Doushe_cave%2C_Lorstan%2C_Iran%2C_8th_millennium_BC.JPG/220px-Cave_painting_in_Doushe_cave%2C_Lorstan%2C_Iran%2C_8th_millennium_BC.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cave_painting_in_Doushe_cave%2C_Lorstan%2C_Iran%2C_8th_millennium_BC.JPG/330px-Cave_painting_in_Doushe_cave%2C_Lorstan%2C_Iran%2C_8th_millennium_BC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cave_painting_in_Doushe_cave%2C_Lorstan%2C_Iran%2C_8th_millennium_BC.JPG/440px-Cave_painting_in_Doushe_cave%2C_Lorstan%2C_Iran%2C_8th_millennium_BC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Prehistoric cave painting, depicting a horse and rider</figcaption></figure> <p>Though there is controversy over the exact date horses were <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a> and when they were first ridden, the best estimate is that horses first were ridden approximately 3500 BC. There is some evidence that about 3000 BC, near the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnieper River">Dnieper River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don River</a>, people were using <a href="/wiki/Bit_(horse)" title="Bit (horse)">bits</a> on horses, as a <a href="/wiki/Stallion" title="Stallion">stallion</a> that was buried there shows teeth wear consistent with using a bit.<sup id="cite_ref-Chamberlin69_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chamberlin69-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the most unequivocal early <a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">archaeological</a> evidence of equines put to working use was of horses being driven. <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">Chariot</a> burials about 2500 BC present the most direct hard evidence of horses used as <a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">working animals</a>. In ancient times chariot warfare was followed by the use of <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">war horses</a> as light and heavy <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>. The horse played an important role throughout human history all over the world, both in warfare and in peaceful pursuits such as <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>. Horses lived in North America, but died out at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Ice Age</a>. Horses were brought back to North America by European explorers, beginning with the second voyage of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus</a> in 1493.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equestrianism was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a> as an Olympic sport with jumping events.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Horse_racing">Horse racing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Horse racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">Harness racing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parimutuel_gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Parimutuel gambling">Parimutuel gambling</a></div> <p>Humans appear to have long expressed a desire to know which horse or horses were the fastest, and <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> has ancient roots. <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">Gambling</a> on horse races appears to go hand-in hand with racing and has a long history as well. <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbreds</a> have the pre-eminent reputation as a racing breed, but other breeds also race. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_horse_racing">Types of horse racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types of horse racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under saddle: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoroughbred horse racing">Thoroughbred horse racing</a> is the most popular form worldwide. In the UK, it is known as <a href="/wiki/Flat_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat racing">flat racing</a> and is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Jockey_Club" title="Jockey Club">Jockey Club</a> in the United Kingdom. In the US, horse racing is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Jockey_Club_(United_States)" title="Jockey Club (United States)">Jockey Club</a>. other light breeds are also raced worldwide.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(horse_racing)" title="Steeplechase (horse racing)">Steeplechasing</a> involves racing on a track where the horses also jump over obstacles. It is most common in the UK, where it is also called <a href="/wiki/National_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="National Hunt">National Hunt</a> racing.</li></ul> <p>In harness: </p> <ul><li>Both light and heavy breeds as well as ponies are raced in harness with a <a href="/wiki/Sulky" title="Sulky">sulky</a> or racing bike. The <a href="/wiki/Standardbred" title="Standardbred">Standardbred</a> dominates the sport in both <a href="/wiki/Trot_(horse_gait)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trot (horse gait)">trotting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacing_(horse_gait)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacing (horse gait)">pacing</a> varieties.</li> <li>The United States Trotting Association organizes <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">harness racing</a> in the United States.</li> <li>Harness racing is also found throughout Europe, New Zealand and Australia.</li></ul> <p>Distance racing: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">Endurance riding</a>, takes place over a given, measured distance and the horses have an even start. Top level races are usually 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km), over mountainous or other natural terrain, with scheduled stops to take the horses' vital signs, check soundness and verify that the horse is fit to continue. The first horse to finish and be confirmed by the veterinarian as fit to continue is the winner. Limited distance rides of about 25–20 miles (40–32 km) are offered to newcomers. Variants include <a href="/wiki/Ride_and_Tie" title="Ride and Tie">Ride and Tie</a> and various forms of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_riding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long riding (page does not exist)">long riding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_and_Olympic_disciplines">International and Olympic disciplines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: International and Olympic disciplines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_events_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics">Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">International Federation for Equestrian Sports</a></div> <p>Equestrian events were first included in the modern <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> in 1900. By 1912, all three Olympic disciplines still seen today were part of the games. The following forms of competition are recognized worldwide and are a part of the <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the Summer Olympics">equestrian events</a> at the Olympics. They are governed by the rules of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">International Federation for Equestrian Sports</a> (FEI). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a> ("training" in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>) involves the progressive training of the horse to a high level of <a href="/wiki/Impulsion" title="Impulsion">impulsion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collection_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection (horse)">collection</a> and obedience.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competitive dressage has the goal of showing the horse carrying out, on request, the natural movements that it performs without thinking while running loose.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a> comprises a timed event judged on the ability of the horse and rider to jump over a series of obstacles, in a given order and with the fewest refusals or knockdowns of portions of the obstacles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a>, also called <i>combined training</i>, <i>horse trials</i>, the <i>three-day event</i>, <i>the Military</i> or <i>the complete test</i>, puts together the obedience of dressage with the athletic ability of show jumping, the fitness demands the <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_equestrianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-country equestrianism">cross-country jumping</a> phase. In the last-named, the horses jump over fixed obstacles, such as logs, stone walls, <a href="/wiki/Bank_(obstacle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank (obstacle)">banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ditch_(obstacle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ditch (obstacle)">ditches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_(obstacle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Water (obstacle)">water</a>, trying to finish the course under the "optimum time". There was also the 'Steeple Chase' Phase, which is now excluded from most major competitions to bring them in line with the Olympic standard.</li></ul> <p>The additional internationally sanctioned but non-Olympic disciplines governed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">FEI</a> are: <a href="/wiki/Combined_driving" title="Combined driving">combined driving</a>; <a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">endurance</a>; <a href="/wiki/Reining" title="Reining">reining</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">vaulting</a>. These disciplines are part of the <a href="/wiki/FEI_World_Equestrian_Games" title="FEI World Equestrian Games">FEI World Equestrian Games</a> every four years and may hold their own individual World Championships in other years. The FEI also recognizes <a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">horseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tent_pegging" title="Tent pegging">tent pegging</a> as its two regional disciplines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Para-equestrian_disciplines">Para-equestrian disciplines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Para-equestrian disciplines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Para-equestrian" title="Para-equestrian">Para-equestrian</a> competition at the international level, including the <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_Summer_Paralympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the Summer Paralympics">Paralympics</a>, are also governed by the FEI and offer the following competition events: </p> <ul><li>Para-Equestrian Dressage is conducted under the same rules as conventional Dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Para-Equestrian Driving places competitors in grades based on their skill.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Haute_École"><span id="Haute_.C3.89cole"></span>Haute École</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Haute École"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Classical_dressage" title="Classical dressage">Classical dressage</a></div> <p>The <i>haute école</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">F.</a> "high school"), an advanced component of <a href="/wiki/Classical_dressage" title="Classical dressage">Classical dressage</a>, is a highly refined set of skills seldom used in competition but often seen in demonstration performances. </p><p>The world's leading Classical dressage programs include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Cadre_Noir" title="Cadre Noir">Cadre Noir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saumur" title="Saumur">Saumur</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Riding_School" title="Spanish Riding School">Spanish Riding School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_School_of_Equestrian_Art" title="Portuguese School of Equestrian Art">Portuguese School of Equestrian Art</a> at <a href="/wiki/Queluz_National_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Queluz National Palace">Queluz National Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Andalusian_School_of_Equestrian_Art" title="Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art">Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li></ul> <p>Other major classical teams include the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Lipizzaners" title="South African Lipizzaners">South African Lipizzaners</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hollandsche_Manege" title="Hollandsche Manege">Hollandsche Manege</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Horse_shows">Horse shows</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Horse shows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">Horse show</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">Horse shows</a> are held throughout the world with a tremendous variety of possible events, equipment, attire, and judging standards used. However, most forms of horse show competition can be broken into the following broad categories: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equitation" title="Equitation">Equitation</a>, sometimes called <i>seat and hands</i> or <i>horsemanship</i>, refers to events where the rider is judged on form, style and ability.</li> <li><i>Pleasure, flat</i> or <i>under saddle</i> classes feature horses who are ridden on the flat (not jumped) and judged on manners, performance, movement, style and quality.</li> <li><i>Halter, in-hand breeding</i> or <i>conformation</i> classes, where the horse is led by a handler on the ground and judged on conformation and suitability as a breeding animal.</li> <li><i>Harness</i> classes, where the horse is <a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">driven</a> rather than ridden, but still judged on manners, performance and quality.</li> <li><i>Jumping</i> or <i>Over Fences</i> refers broadly to both <a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">show jumping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Show_hunter" title="Show hunter">show hunter</a>, where horses and riders must jump obstacles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_riding">English riding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: English riding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WEG_2010_-_Dressage_Qualifying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/WEG_2010_-_Dressage_Qualifying.jpg/220px-WEG_2010_-_Dressage_Qualifying.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/WEG_2010_-_Dressage_Qualifying.jpg/330px-WEG_2010_-_Dressage_Qualifying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/WEG_2010_-_Dressage_Qualifying.jpg/440px-WEG_2010_-_Dressage_Qualifying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption>A dressage rider</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/English_riding" title="English riding">English riding</a></div> <p>In addition to the classical Olympic events, the following forms of competition are seen. In North America they are referred to as "<a href="/wiki/English_riding" title="English riding">English riding</a>" in contrast with western riding; elsewhere in the world, if a distinction is necessary, they are usually described as "classic riding": </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_seat" title="Hunt seat">Hunt seat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Show_hunter" title="Show hunter">Hunter</a> classes judge the movement and the form of horses suitable for work over fences. A typical <a href="/wiki/Show_hunter" title="Show hunter">show hunter</a> division would include classes over fences as well as "Hunter under Saddle" or "flat" classes (sometimes called "hack" classes), in which the horse is judged on its performance, manners and movement without having to jump. Hunters have a long, flat-kneed trot, sometimes called "daisy cutter" movement, a phrase suggesting a good hunter could slice daisies in a field when it reaches its stride out. The over fences classes in <a href="/wiki/Show_hunter" title="Show hunter">show hunter</a> competition are judged on the form of the horse, its manners and the smoothness of the course. A horse with good jumping form snaps its knees up and jumps with a good <a href="/wiki/Bascule_(horse)" title="Bascule (horse)">bascule</a>. It should also be able to canter or gallop with control while having a stride long enough to make a proper number of strides over a given distance between fences. Hunter classes differ from jumper classes, in which they are not timed, and equitation classes, in which the rider's performance is the focus. Hunter style is based on fox hunting, so jumps in the hunter division are usually more natural colors than the jumps in a jumper division.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">show jumping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">dressage</a>, described under "Olympic disciplines", above are all "English" riding disciplines that in North America sometimes are loosely classified within the "hunt seat" category.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_seat" title="Saddle seat">Saddle seat</a>, is a primarily American discipline, though has recently become somewhat popular in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, was created to show to best advantage the animated movement of high-stepping and gaited breeds such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Saddlebred" title="American Saddlebred">American Saddlebred</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Walking_Horse" title="Tennessee Walking Horse">Tennessee Walker</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arabian_horse" title="Arabian horse">Arabians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_horse" title="Morgan horse">Morgans</a> may also be shown saddle seat in the United States. There are usually three basic divisions. <i>Park</i> divisions are for the horses with the highest action. <i>Pleasure</i> divisions still emphasis animated action, but to a lesser degree, with manners ranking over animation. <i>Plantation</i> or <i>Country</i> divisions have the least amount of animation (in some breeds, the horses are flat-shod) and the greatest emphasis on manners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hack" title="Show hack">Show hack</a> is a competition seen primarily in the United Kingdom, Australia and other nations influenced by British traditions, featuring horses of elegant appearance, with excellent way of going and self-carriage. A related event is <a href="/wiki/Riding_horse_(horse_show)" title="Riding horse (horse show)">riding horse</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_riding">Western riding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Western riding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Western_riding" title="Western riding">Western riding</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quarter_Horse_trotting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Quarter_Horse_trotting.jpg/220px-Quarter_Horse_trotting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Quarter_Horse_trotting.jpg/330px-Quarter_Horse_trotting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Quarter_Horse_trotting.jpg/440px-Quarter_Horse_trotting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="3299" /></a><figcaption>Western horsemanship attire and style of riding</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apartacao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Apartacao.jpg/220px-Apartacao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Apartacao.jpg/330px-Apartacao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Apartacao.jpg/440px-Apartacao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Cutting_horse" title="Cutting horse">Cutting horse</a> competition.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Western_riding" title="Western riding">Western riding</a> evolved from the cattle-working and warfare traditions brought to the Americas by the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>, and both equipment and riding style evolved to meet the working needs of the <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboy</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranches</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American West">American West</a>. </p><p>The most noticeable feature of western style riding is the <a href="/wiki/Western_saddle" title="Western saddle">western saddle</a>, which has a substantial <a href="/wiki/Saddle_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddle tree">saddle tree</a> that provides support to horse and rider when working long hours in the saddle. The western saddle features a prominent pommel topped by a horn (a knob used for dallying a <a href="/wiki/Lasso" title="Lasso">lariat</a> after roping an animal), wide <a href="/wiki/Stirrup" title="Stirrup">stirrups</a>, and in some cases, both front and back cinches. The depth of the seat may depend on the activity, a deeper seat used for <a href="/wiki/Barrel_racing" title="Barrel racing">barrel racing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cutting_(sport)" title="Cutting (sport)">cutting cows</a> or a more shallow seat for general ranch riding or <a href="/wiki/Steer_wrestling" title="Steer wrestling">Steer wrestling</a>. </p><p>Finished western horses are asked to perform with a loose rein controlled by one hand. The headstall of a western bridle may utilize either a <a href="/wiki/Snaffle_bit" title="Snaffle bit">Snaffle bit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Curb_bit" title="Curb bit">curb bit</a>. Bitless headstalls are also seen, such as a <a href="/wiki/Bosal" title="Bosal">bosal</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Hackamore" title="Hackamore">hackamore</a> on younger horses, or various styles of <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_hackamore" title="Mechanical hackamore">mechanical hackamore</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Vaquero" title="Vaquero">Vaquero style training</a>, a combination of a bosal and bit, called a "two-rein", is used at some stages of training. The standard western bridle lacks a <a href="/wiki/Noseband" title="Noseband">noseband</a> and usually consists of a single set of reins attached to a <a href="/wiki/Curb_bit" title="Curb bit">curb bit</a> that has somewhat longer <a href="/wiki/Bit_shank" title="Bit shank">shanks</a> than the curb of an English <a href="/wiki/Double_bridle" title="Double bridle">Weymouth</a> bridle or a <a href="/wiki/Pelham_bit" title="Pelham bit">pelham bit</a>. Western bridles have either a <a href="/wiki/Bridle#Parts" title="Bridle">browband</a> or else a "one ear" loop (sometimes two) that crosses in front of the horse's ear. Two styles of Western <a href="/wiki/Rein" title="Rein">reins</a> developed: The long split reins of the Texas tradition, which are completely separated, or the "<a href="/wiki/Romal" title="Romal">Romal</a>" reins of the California tradition, which are closed reins with a long single attachment (the romal) that can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Quirt" title="Quirt">quirt</a>. Modern <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a> competitors in timed events sometimes use a closed rein without a <i>romal</i>. </p><p>Western riders wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants or jeans, <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowboy boots">cowboy boots</a>, and a wide-brimmed <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_hat" title="Cowboy hat">cowboy hat</a>. A rider may wear protective leather leggings called <a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">chaps</a>. Riders may wear brighter colors or finer fabrics in competition than for work. In particular, horse show events such as <a href="/wiki/Western_pleasure" title="Western pleasure">Western pleasure</a> may much flashier equipment. Saddles, bits and bridles are ornamented with substantial amounts of silver, rider clothing may have vivid colors and even rhinestones or sequins.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Harness">Harness</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Harness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welsh-A-Buggy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Welsh-A-Buggy.jpg/220px-Welsh-A-Buggy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Welsh-A-Buggy.jpg/330px-Welsh-A-Buggy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Welsh-A-Buggy.jpg/440px-Welsh-A-Buggy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2436" data-file-height="1827" /></a><figcaption>A Welsh pony in fine harness competition</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving (horse)</a></div> <p>Horses, <a href="/wiki/Ponies" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponies">ponies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mules</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkeys</a> are driven in <a href="/wiki/Horse_harness" title="Horse harness">harness</a> in many different ways. For working purposes, they can pull a <a href="/wiki/Plow" class="mw-redirect" title="Plow">plow</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">farm</a> equipment designed to be pulled by animals. In many parts of the world they still pull <a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">wagons</a> for basic hauling and transportation. They may draw <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriages</a> at ceremonies, in parades or for tourist rides. </p><p>As noted in "horse racing" <i>above</i>, horses can race in harness, pulling a very lightweight cart known as a <a href="/wiki/Sulky" title="Sulky">sulky</a>. At the other end of the spectrum, some <a href="/wiki/Draft_horse" title="Draft horse">draft horses</a> compete in <a href="/wiki/Horse_pulling" title="Horse pulling">horse pulling</a> competitions, where single or teams of horses and their drivers vie to determine who can pull the most weight for a short distance. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">horse show</a> competition, the following general categories of competition are seen: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_driving" title="Combined driving">Combined driving</a>, an internationally recognized competition where horses perform an arena-based "dressage" class where precision and control are emphasized, a cross-country "marathon" section that emphasizes fitness and endurance, and a "stadium" or "cones" obstacle course.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse_showing" title="Draft horse showing">Draft horse showing</a>: Most <a href="/wiki/Draft_horse" title="Draft horse">draft horse</a> performance competition is done in harness.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_driving" title="Pleasure driving">Pleasure driving</a>: Horses and ponies are usually hitched to a light cart shown at a walk and two speeds of trot, with an emphasis on manners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_harness" title="Fine harness">Fine harness</a>: Also called "Formal driving", Horses are hitched to a light four-wheeled cart and shown in a manner that emphasizes flashy action and dramatic performance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(horse)" title="Roadster (horse)">Roadster</a>: A horse show competition where exhibitors wear <a href="/wiki/Racing_silks" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing silks">racing silks</a> and ride in a sulky in a style akin to <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">harness racing</a>, only without actually racing, but rather focusing on manners and performance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">Carriage</a> driving, using somewhat larger two or four wheeled carriages, often restored <a href="/wiki/Antique" title="Antique">antiques</a>, judged on the turnout/neatness or suitability of horse and carriage.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rodeo">Rodeo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rodeo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeo</a></div> <p>Rodeo events include the following forms of competition: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timed_events">Timed events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Timed events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_racing" title="Barrel racing">Barrel racing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pole_bending" title="Pole bending">pole bending</a> – the timed speed and agility events seen in <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(Equestrian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymkhana (Equestrian)">gymkhana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(Equestrian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymkhana (Equestrian)">O-Mok-See</a> competition. Both men and women compete in speed events at gymkhanas or O-Mok-Sees; however, at most professional, sanctioned rodeos, barrel racing is an exclusively women's sport. In a barrel race, horse and rider gallop around a cloverleaf pattern of barrels, making agile turns without knocking the barrels over. In pole bending, horse and rider run the length of a line of six upright poles, turn sharply and weave through the poles, turn again and weave back, then return to the start.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steer_wrestling" title="Steer wrestling">Steer wrestling</a> – Also known as "Bulldogging", this is a rodeo event where the rider jumps off his horse onto a steer and 'wrestles' it to the ground by grabbing it by the horns. This is probably the single most physically dangerous event in rodeo for the cowboy, who runs a high risk of jumping off a running horse head first and missing the steer or of having the thrown steer land on top of him, sometimes horns first.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_tying" title="Goat tying">Goat tying</a> – usually an event for women or pre-teen girls and boys, a goat is staked out while a mounted rider runs to the goat, dismounts, grabs the goat, throws it to the ground and ties it in the same manner as a calf. This event was designed to teach smaller or younger riders the basics of calf roping without the more complex need to also lasso the animal.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roping">Roping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Roping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roping includes a number of timed events that are based on the real-life tasks of a working cowboy, who often had to capture calves and adult <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> for <a href="/wiki/Livestock_branding" title="Livestock branding">branding</a>, medical treatment and other purposes. A lasso or <a href="/wiki/Lasso" title="Lasso">lariat</a> is thrown over the head of a <a href="/wiki/Calf_(animal)" title="Calf (animal)">calf</a> or the horns of adult cattle, and the animal is secured in a fashion dictated by its size and age. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calf_roping" title="Calf roping">Calf roping</a>, also called "tie-down roping", is an event where a calf is roped around the neck by a <a href="/wiki/Lasso" title="Lasso">lariat</a>, the horse stops and sets back on the rope while the cowboy dismounts, runs to the calf, throws it to the ground and ties three feet together. (If the horse throws the calf, the cowboy must lose time waiting for the calf to get back to its feet so that the cowboy can do the work. The job of the horse is to hold the calf steady on the rope) This activity is still practiced on modern working ranches for <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">branding</a>, medical treatment, and so on.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_roping" title="Team roping">Team roping</a>, also called "heading and heeling", is the only rodeo event where men and women riders may compete together. Two people capture and restrain a full-grown steer. One horse and rider, the "header", lassos a running steer's horns, while the other horse and rider, the "heeler", lassos the steer's two hind legs. Once the animal is captured, the riders face each other and lightly pull the steer between them, so that it loses its balance, thus in the real world allowing restraint for treatment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_roping" title="Breakaway roping">Breakaway roping</a> – an easier form of calf roping where a very short lariat is used, tied lightly to the saddle horn with string and a flag. When the calf is roped, the horse stops, allowing the calf to run on, flagging the end of time when the string and flag breaks from the saddle. In the United States, this event is primarily for women of all ages and boys under 12, while in some nations where traditional calf roping is frowned upon, riders of both genders compete.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Rough_Stock"_competition"><span id=".22Rough_Stock.22_competition"></span>"Rough Stock" competition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: "Rough Stock" competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horses_abreast_IMG_5342.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Horses_abreast_IMG_5342.jpg/220px-Horses_abreast_IMG_5342.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Horses_abreast_IMG_5342.jpg/330px-Horses_abreast_IMG_5342.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Horses_abreast_IMG_5342.jpg/440px-Horses_abreast_IMG_5342.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3647" data-file-height="2799" /></a><figcaption>Small herd of rough stock in Texas</figcaption></figure> <p>In spite of popular myth, most modern "broncs" are not in fact wild horses,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but are more commonly spoiled riding horses<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or horses bred specifically as bucking stock. </p> <ul><li>Bronc riding – there are two divisions in rodeo, <a href="/wiki/Bareback_bronc" class="mw-redirect" title="Bareback bronc">bareback bronc</a> riding, where the rider rides a bucking horse holding onto a leather <a href="/wiki/Surcingle" title="Surcingle">surcingle</a> or rigging with only one hand, and <a href="/wiki/Saddle_bronc" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddle bronc">saddle bronc</a> riding, where the rider rides a modified western saddle without a horn (for safety) while holding onto a braided lead rope attached to the horse's halter.</li> <li>Bull Riding – though technically not an equestrian event, as the cowboys ride full-grown bulls instead of horses, skills similar to bareback bronc riding are required.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_rodeo">International rodeo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International rodeo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rodeo" title="Australian rodeo">Australian rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rodeo" title="Chilean rodeo">Chilean rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charreada" class="mw-redirect" title="Charreada">Charreada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_equestrian_activities">Other equestrian activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other equestrian activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PoloGirlsHorses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/PoloGirlsHorses.jpg/220px-PoloGirlsHorses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/PoloGirlsHorses.jpg/330px-PoloGirlsHorses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/PoloGirlsHorses.jpg/440px-PoloGirlsHorses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Girls and their horses preparing for a <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> game</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many other forms of equestrian activity and sports seen worldwide. There are both competitive events and <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_riding" title="Pleasure riding">pleasure riding</a> disciplines available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arena_sports">Arena sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Arena sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arena <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a> (Argentina's national sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">Equestrian vaulting</a>: In vaulting, a <a href="/wiki/Surcingle" title="Surcingle">surcingle</a> with two hoops at the top is attached around a horse's <a href="/wiki/Horse_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse anatomy">barrel</a>. The horse also wears a <a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">bridle</a> with <a href="/wiki/Side_reins" title="Side reins">side reins</a>. The vaulter is <a href="/wiki/Longeing" title="Longeing">longed</a> on the horse, and performs <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastic</a> movements while the horse walks, trots, and canters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(Equestrian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymkhana (Equestrian)">Gymkhana</a>, competition of timed pattern games, also known as <i>O-Mok-See</i> in the western United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horse_sports_that_use_cattle">Horse sports that use cattle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Horse sports that use cattle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Rejoneador" title="Rejoneador">rejoneo</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-style_bullfighting" title="Portuguese-style bullfighting">Portuguese-style bullfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-style_bullfighting" title="Spanish-style bullfighting">Spanish-style bullfighting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campdrafting" title="Campdrafting">Campdrafting</a>, a type of cattle-working competition popular in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_(sport)" title="Cutting (sport)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_penning" title="Team penning">Team penning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cow_horse" title="Working cow horse">Working cow horse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defined_area_sports">Defined area sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Defined area sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a>, a sport originating on the <a href="/wiki/Steppes" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppes">steppes</a> of central <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, now the national sport of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_mounted_shooting" title="Cowboy mounted shooting">Cowboy mounted shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">Jousting</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skill_at_Arms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skill at Arms (page does not exist)">Skill at Arms</a>, events involving use of lances, swords and completion of obstacles. There are stand-alone competitions and also are often seen at <a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">historical reenactments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Fair">Renaissance Fairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Creative_Anachronism" title="Society for Creative Anachronism">Society for Creative Anachronism</a> events.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_archery" title="Mounted archery">Mounted archery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Mounted Games">Mounted Games</a>, a sport where games are played in a relay-style with two to five members per team at very high speed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a>, a team game played on horses, involves riders using a long-handled <a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">mallet</a> to drive a ball on the ground into the opposing team's <a href="/wiki/Goal_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goal (sport)">goal</a> while the opposing team defends their goal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_pegging" title="Tent pegging">Tent pegging</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-country_sports">Cross-country sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cross-country sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Mounted_Orienteering" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive Mounted Orienteering">Competitive Mounted Orienteering</a>, a form of orienteering on horses (but unrelated to <a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">orienteering</a>) – consists of three stages: following a precise route marked on a map, negotiation of obstacles and control of paces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techniques_de_Randonn%C3%A9e_%C3%89questre_de_Comp%C3%A9tition" title="Techniques de Randonnée Équestre de Compétition">Le Trec</a>, which comprises three phases – trail riding, with jumping and correct basic flatwork. Le Trec, which is very popular in Europe, tests the partnership's ability to cope with an all-day ride across varied terrain, route finding, negotiating natural obstacles and hazards, while considering the welfare of the horse, respecting the countryside and enjoying all it has to offer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_trail_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive trail riding">Competitive trail riding</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pace_race" title="Pace race">pace race</a> held across terrain similar to <a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">endurance riding</a>, but shorter in length (25 – 35 miles (56 km), depending on class). Being a form of <a href="/wiki/Pace_race" title="Pace race">pace race</a>, the objective is not to finish in the least time. Instead, as in other forms of <a href="/wiki/Judged_trail_ride" title="Judged trail ride">judged trail riding</a>, each competitor is graded on everything including physical condition, campsite and horse management. Horsemanship also is considered, including how the rider handles the trail and how horse is handled and presented to the judge and vet throughout the ride. The horse is graded on performance, manners, etc. "Pulse and respiration" stops check the horse's recovery ability. The judges also set up obstacles along the trail and the horse and rider are graded on how well they perform as a team. The whole point is the partnership between the horse and rider.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Country_Jumping" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross Country Jumping">Cross Country Jumping</a>, a jumping course that contains logs and natural obstacles mostly. The common clothes worn are usually brighter colors and less conservative.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">Endurance riding</a>, a competition usually of 50 to 100 miles (160 km) or more, over mountainous or other natural terrain, with scheduled stops to take the horses' vital signs, check soundness and verify that the horse is fit to continue. The first horse to finish and be confirmed by the veterinarian as fit to continue is the winner. Additional awards are usually given to the best-conditioned horses who finish in the top 10.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox hunting</a></li> <li>Hacking, or <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_riding" title="Pleasure riding">pleasure riding</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Pacing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter Pacing">Hunter Pacing</a> is a sport where a horse and rider team travel a trail at speeds based the ideal conditions for the horse, with competitors seeking to ride closest to that perfect time. Hunter paces are usually held in a series. Hunter paces are usually a few miles long and covered mostly at a canter or gallop. The horsemanship and management skills of the rider are also considered in the scoring, and periodic stops are required for veterinarians to check the vital signs and overall soundness of the horses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_and_Tie" title="Ride and Tie">Ride and Tie</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">endurance riding</a> in which teams of 3 (two humans and one horse) alternate running and riding.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(horse_racing)" title="Steeplechase (horse racing)">Steeplechase</a>, a distance horse race with diverse fence and ditch obstacles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_Riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Trail Riding">Trail Riding</a>, pleasure riding any breed horse, any style across the land.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_issues">Health issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Health issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Handling, riding and driving horses have inherent risks. Horses are large prey animals with a well-developed <a href="/wiki/Flight_or_fight_instinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight or fight instinct">flight or fight instinct</a> able to move quickly and unexpectedly. When mounted, the rider's head may be up to 4 m (13 ft) from the ground, and the horse may travel at a speed of up to 65 km/h (40 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The injuries observed range from very minor injuries to fatalities. </p><p>A study in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> reported that the <a href="/wiki/Relative_risk" title="Relative risk">relative risk</a> of injury from riding a horse, compared to riding a bicycle, was 9 times higher for <a href="/wiki/Adolescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolescent">adolescents</a> and 5.6 times higher for younger <a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">children</a>, but that riding a horse was less risky than riding a <a href="/wiki/Moped" title="Moped">moped</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17426559_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17426559-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria, Australia</a>, a search of state records found that equestrian sports had the third highest incidence of serious injury, after <a href="/wiki/Motor_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor sport">motor sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Power boat">power boating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16046347_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16046347-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, an analysis of a national registry estimated the incidence of equestrian injury to be 21 per 100,000 person-years for farming and equestrian sports combined, and 160 times higher for <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> personnel. Other findings noted that helmets likely prevent traumatic brain injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15128138_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15128138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> each year an estimated 30 million people ride horses, resulting in 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">emergency department</a> visits (1 visit per 600 riders per year).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17461318_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17461318-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A survey of 679 equestrians in Oregon, Washington and Idaho estimated that at some time in their equestrian career one in five will be seriously injured, resulting in hospitalization, surgery or long-term disability.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17414356_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17414356-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among survey respondents, novice equestrians had an incidence of any injury that was threefold over intermediates, fivefold over advanced equestrians, and nearly eightfold over professionals. Approximately 100 hours of experience are required to achieve a substantial decline in the risk of injury. The survey authors conclude that efforts to prevent equestrian injury should focus on novice equestrians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanisms_of_injury">Mechanisms of injury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mechanisms of injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common injury is falling from the horse, followed by being kicked, trampled and bitten. About 3 out of 4 injuries are due to falling, broadly defined.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A broad definition of falling often includes being crushed and being thrown from the horse, but when reported separately each of these mechanisms may be more common than being kicked.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18695484_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18695484-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18424291_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18424291-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_and_severity_of_injury">Types and severity of injury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Types and severity of injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a 10-year study of trauma center patients injured while riding reported that although 48% had suffered head injuries, only 9% of these riders had been wearing helmets at the time of their accident. Other injuries involved the chest (54%), abdomen (22%) and extremities (17%).<sup id="cite_ref-ball-2007_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ball-2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A German study reported that injuries in horse riding are rare compared to other sports, but when they occur they are severe. Specifically, they found that 40% of horse riding injuries were fractures, and only 15% were sprains. Furthermore, the study noted that in Germany, one quarter of all sport related fatalities are caused by horse riding.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1793946_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1793946-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most horse related injuries are a result of falling from a horse, which is the cause of 60–80% of all such reported injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another common cause of injury is being kicked by a horse, which may cause skull fractures or severe trauma to the <a href="/wiki/Internal_organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal organs">internal organs</a>. Some possible injuries resulting from horse riding, with the percent indicating the amounts in relation to all injuries as reported by a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> study,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14581953_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14581953-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include: </p> <ul><li>Arm fracture or dislocation (31%)</li> <li>Head injury (21%)</li> <li>Leg fracture or dislocation (15%)</li> <li>Chest injury (33%)</li></ul> <p>Among 36 members and employees of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Jockey_Club" title="Hong Kong Jockey Club">Hong Kong Jockey Club</a> who were seen in a trauma center during a period of 5 years, 24 fell from horses and 11 were kicked by the horse. Injuries comprised: 18 torso; 11 head, face or neck; and 11 limb.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17049524_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17049524-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors of this study recommend that helmets, face shields and body protectors be worn when riding or handling horses. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, a study of equestrians seen at one hospital over a 6-year period found that helmet use both increased over time and was correlated with a lower rate of admission. However, 81% of admissions were wearing a helmet at the time of injury,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12887517_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12887517-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second half of the study period, of the equestrians seen at a hospital, only 14% were admitted. In contrast, a study of child equestrians seen at a hospital emergency department in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> reported that 60% were admitted.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18782209_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18782209-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, an analysis of <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Injury_Surveillance_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (page does not exist)">National Electronic Injury Surveillance System</a> (NEISS) data performed by the Equestrian Medical Safety Association studied 78,279 horse-related injuries in 2007: "The most common injuries included fractures (28.5%); contusions/abrasions (28.3%); strain/sprain (14.5%); internal injury (8.1%); lacerations (5.7%); concussions (4.6%); dislocations (1.9%); and hematomas (1.2%). Most frequent injury sites are the lower trunk (19.6%); head (15.0%); upper trunk (13.4%); shoulder (8.2%); and wrist (6.8%). Within this study patients were treated and released (86.2%), were hospitalized (8.7%), were transferred (3.6%), left without being treated (0.8%), remained for observation (0.6%) and arrived at the hospital deceased (0.1%)."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head_injuries">Head injuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Head injuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horseback riding is one of the most dangerous sports, especially in relation to head injury. Statistics from the United States, for example, indicate that about 30 million people ride horses annually.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, about 67,000 people are admitted to the hospital each year from injuries sustained while working with horses.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15,000 of those admittances are from traumatic brain injuries. Of those, about 60 die each year from their brain injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies have found horseback riding to be more dangerous than several sports, including skiing, auto racing and football.<sup id="cite_ref-ball-2007_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ball-2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horseback riding has a higher hospital admittance rate per hours of riding than motorcycle racing, at 0.49 per thousand hours of riding and 0.14 accidents per thousand hours, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-ball-2007_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ball-2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Head injuries are especially traumatic in horseback riding. About two-thirds of all riders requiring hospitalization after a fall have sustained a traumatic brain injury.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falling from a horse without wearing a helmet is comparable to being struck by a car.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson,_M.A._1992_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson,_M.A._1992-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most falling deaths are caused by head injury.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson,_M.A._1992_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson,_M.A._1992-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of riding helmets substantially decreases the likelihood and severity of head injuries. When a rider falls with a helmet, he or she is five times less likely to experience a traumatic brain injury than a rider who falls without a helmet.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helmets work by crushing on impact and extending the length of time it takes the head to stop moving.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, helmet usage rates in North America are estimated to be between eight and twenty percent.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once a helmet has sustained an impact from falling, that part of the helmet is structurally weakened, even if no visible damage is present.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helmet manufacturers recommend that a helmet that has undergone impact from a fall be replaced immediately. In addition, helmets should be replaced every three to five years; specific recommendations vary by manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rules_on_helmet_use_in_competition">Rules on helmet use in competition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rules on helmet use in competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many organizations mandate helmet use in competition or on show grounds, and rules have continually moved in the direction of requiring helmet use. In 2011, the United States Equestrian Federation passed a rule making helmet use mandatory while mounted on competition grounds at U.S. nationally rated eventing competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2011, the United States Dressage Federation made helmet use in competition mandatory for all riders under 18 and all riders who are riding any test at Fourth Level and below.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a rider competing at Prix St. Georges and above is also riding a test at Fourth Level or below, he or she must also wear a helmet at all times while mounted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Riding_astride">Riding astride</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Riding astride"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ridderstedt_couple_on_horseback.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ridderstedt_couple_on_horseback.jpg/220px-Ridderstedt_couple_on_horseback.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ridderstedt_couple_on_horseback.jpg/330px-Ridderstedt_couple_on_horseback.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ridderstedt_couple_on_horseback.jpg/440px-Ridderstedt_couple_on_horseback.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1271" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption>By the 1930s and 1940s most horse riding had become occasional and leisurely or competitive rather than being the common method of transportation it had been for centuries before</figcaption></figure> <p>The idea that riding a horse astride could injure a woman's sex organs is a historic, but sometimes popular even today, misunderstanding or misconception, particularly that riding astride can damage the <a href="/wiki/Hymen" title="Hymen">hymen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12346860_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12346860-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence of injury to any female sex organs is scant. In female high-level athletes, trauma to the <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a> is rare and is associated with certain sports (see <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_floor#Clinical_significance" title="Pelvic floor">Pelvic floor#Clinical significance</a>). The type of trauma associated with <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian sports">equestrian sports</a> has been termed "horse riders' perineum".<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17450681_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17450681-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Case_series" title="Case series">case series</a> of 4 female mountain bike riders and 2 female horse riders found both patient-reported perineal pain and evidence of <a href="/wiki/Sub-clinical" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-clinical">sub-clinical</a> changes in the <a href="/wiki/Clitoris" title="Clitoris">clitoris</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the relevance of these findings to horse riding is unknown. </p><p>In men, sports-related injuries are among the major causes of testicular trauma. In a small <a href="/wiki/Scientific_control" title="Scientific control">controlled</a> but <a href="/wiki/Blind_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind experiment">unblinded</a> study of 52 men, <a href="/wiki/Varicocele" title="Varicocele">varicocele</a> was significantly more common in equestrians than in non-equestrians.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15972705_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15972705-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The difference between these two groups was small, however, compared to differences reported between extreme <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">mountain bike</a> riders and non-riders,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11323467_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11323467-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also between mountain bike riders and on-road bicycle riders.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18185039_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18185039-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horse-riding injuries to the <a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">scrotum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Contusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Contusion">contusions</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Testes" class="mw-redirect" title="Testes">testes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blunt_trauma" title="Blunt trauma">blunt trauma</a>) were well known to surgeons in the 19th century and early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-KeenDaCosta1908_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeenDaCosta1908-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injuries from collision with the pommel of a saddle are mentioned specifically.<sup id="cite_ref-KeenDaCosta1908_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeenDaCosta1908-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnhorse_stallion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/32px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/48px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/64px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="363" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Horses" title="Portal:Horses">Horses portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_equestrian_terms" title="Glossary of equestrian terms">Glossary of equestrian terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equestrian_sports" title="List of equestrian sports">List of equestrian sports</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/features/7-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-portuguese-school-of-equestrian-art-523504">Horse & Hound - 7 Things You Need to Know about the Portuguese School of Equestrian Art</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/equestrian">"equestrian – definition of equestrian by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia"</a>. Thefreedictionary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=equestrian+%E2%80%93+definition+of+equestrian+by+the+Free+Online+Dictionary%2C+Thesaurus+and+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Thefreedictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fequestrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=equitaci%C3%B3n">"equitación – Diccionario Inglés-Español"</a>. Wordreference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=equitaci%C3%B3n+%E2%80%93+Diccionario+Ingl%C3%A9s-Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.pub=Wordreference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordreference.com%2Fes%2Fen%2Ftranslation.asp%3Fspen%3Dequitaci%25C3%25B3n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie2015" class="citation book cs1">Leslie, Stephen (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nkn-CgAAQBAJ&q=25%2C000"><i>Horse-Powered Farming for the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Equipment, Methods, and Management for Organic Growers</i></a>. Chelsea Green Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60358-613-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60358-613-9"><bdi>978-1-60358-613-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horse-Powered+Farming+for+the+21st+Century%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Equipment%2C+Methods%2C+and+Management+for+Organic+Growers&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-60358-613-9&rft.aulast=Leslie&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNkn-CgAAQBAJ%26q%3D25%252C000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhs.org.uk/careers-recreational-awards/equestrian-careers-guide/mounted-forces/">"Mounted Forces | The British Horse Society"</a>. <i>www.bhs.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bhs.org.uk&rft.atitle=Mounted+Forces+%7C+The+British+Horse+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhs.org.uk%2Fcareers-recreational-awards%2Fequestrian-careers-guide%2Fmounted-forces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStructures2023" class="citation web cs1">Structures (2023-03-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coastalsteelstructures.com/benefits-of-training-your-horses-in-an-indoor-arena/">"Benefits of Training Your Horses in an Indoor Arena"</a>. <i>Coastal Steel Structures</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coastal+Steel+Structures&rft.atitle=Benefits+of+Training+Your+Horses+in+an+Indoor+Arena&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft.au=Structures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoastalsteelstructures.com%2Fbenefits-of-training-your-horses-in-an-indoor-arena%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chamberlin69-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chamberlin69_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chamberlin, J. Edward <i>Horse: How the Horse has Shaped Civilization</i> New York:BlueBridge 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9742405-9-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9742405-9-1">0-9742405-9-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett, Deb (1998) <i>Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship.</i> Amigo Publications Inc; 1st edition. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9658533-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9658533-0-6">0-9658533-0-6</a>, p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Paris-1900-Olympic-Games">"Paris 1900 Olympic Games | Second of the Modern Olympic Games, France | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 2024-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Paris+1900+Olympic+Games+%7C+Second+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Games%2C+France+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FParis-1900-Olympic-Games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagyDysonMurray2012" class="citation journal cs1">Nagy, Annamaria; Dyson, Sue; Murray, Jane (18 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229435826">"A veterinary review of endurance riding as an international competitive sport"</a>. <i>The Veterinary Journal</i>. <b>194</b> (3): 288–293. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2012.06.022">10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22819800">22819800</a> – via Elsevier.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+Journal&rft.atitle=A+veterinary+review+of+endurance+riding+as+an+international+competitive+sport.&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=288-293&rft.date=2012-06-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2012.06.022&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22819800&rft.aulast=Nagy&rft.aufirst=Annamaria&rft.au=Dyson%2C+Sue&rft.au=Murray%2C+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F229435826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141052/https://www.dressage-academy.com/training/dressage/">"What is Dressage? – Dressage Academy Training"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dressage-academy.com/training/dressage/">the original</a> on 2021-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Dressage%3F+%E2%80%93+Dressage+Academy+Training&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dressage-academy.com%2Ftraining%2Fdressage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fei.org/disciplines/dressage/about-para-equestrian-dressage">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508135709/http://www.fei.org/disciplines/dressage/about-para-equestrian-dressage">Archived</a> May 8, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fei.org/disciplines/driving/about-para-equestrian-driving">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501195554/http://www.fei.org/disciplines/driving/about-para-equestrian-driving">Archived</a> May 1, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hobbyhorseinc.com/">"Horse Show Apparel, Attire, Accessories"</a>. <i>Hobby Horse Clothing Company, Inc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hobby+Horse+Clothing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=Horse+Show+Apparel%2C+Attire%2C+Accessories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hobbyhorseinc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2014" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Helen (January 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/14-fun-facts-about-broncos-180949553/">"14 Fun Facts About Broncos"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=14+Fun+Facts+About+Broncos&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fscience-nature%2F14-fun-facts-about-broncos-180949553%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ_R_Silver2002" class="citation journal cs1">J R Silver (June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.sc.3101280">"Spinal injuries resulting from horse riding accidents"</a>. <i>Spinal Cord</i>. <b>40</b> (6): 264–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.sc.3101280">10.1038/sj.sc.3101280</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12037707">12037707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spinal+Cord&rft.atitle=Spinal+injuries+resulting+from+horse+riding+accidents&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=264-71&rft.date=2002-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.sc.3101280&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12037707&rft.au=J+R+Silver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fsj.sc.3101280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17426559-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17426559_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneidersRollowRammeltGrass2007" class="citation journal cs1">Schneiders W, Rollow A, Rammelt S, Grass R, Holch M, Serra A, Richter S, Gruner EM, Schlag B, Roesner D, Zwipp H (April 2007). "Risk-inducing activities leading to injuries in a child and adolescent population of Germany". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Trauma">Journal of Trauma</a></i>. <b>62</b> (4): 996–1003. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.ta.0000222584.48001.a0">10.1097/01.ta.0000222584.48001.a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17426559">17426559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trauma&rft.atitle=Risk-inducing+activities+leading+to+injuries+in+a+child+and+adolescent+population+of+Germany&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=996-1003&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.ta.0000222584.48001.a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17426559&rft.aulast=Schneiders&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Rollow%2C+A&rft.au=Rammelt%2C+S&rft.au=Grass%2C+R&rft.au=Holch%2C+M&rft.au=Serra%2C+A&rft.au=Richter%2C+S&rft.au=Gruner%2C+EM&rft.au=Schlag%2C+B&rft.au=Roesner%2C+D&rft.au=Zwipp%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16046347-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16046347_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabbeFinchCameronWilliamson2005" class="citation journal cs1">Gabbe BJ, Finch CF, Cameron PA, Williamson OD (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725286">"Incidence of serious injury and death during sport and recreation activities in Victoria, Australia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Sports_Medicine" title="British Journal of Sports Medicine">British Journal of Sports Medicine</a></i>. <b>39</b> (8): 573–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsm.2004.015750">10.1136/bjsm.2004.015750</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725286">1725286</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16046347">16046347</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+serious+injury+and+death+during+sport+and+recreation+activities+in+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=573-77&rft.date=2005-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1725286%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16046347&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbjsm.2004.015750&rft.aulast=Gabbe&rft.aufirst=BJ&rft.au=Finch%2C+CF&rft.au=Cameron%2C+PA&rft.au=Williamson%2C+OD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1725286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15128138-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15128138_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetridouKedikoglouBelechriNtouvelis2004" class="citation journal cs1">Petridou E, Kedikoglou S, Belechri M, Ntouvelis E, Dessypris N, Trichopoulos D (March 2004). "The mosaic of equestrian-related injuries in Greece". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Trauma">Journal of Trauma</a></i>. <b>56</b> (3): 643–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.TA.0000053470.38129.F4">10.1097/01.TA.0000053470.38129.F4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15128138">15128138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trauma&rft.atitle=The+mosaic+of+equestrian-related+injuries+in+Greece&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=643-47&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.TA.0000053470.38129.F4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15128138&rft.aulast=Petridou&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Kedikoglou%2C+S&rft.au=Belechri%2C+M&rft.au=Ntouvelis%2C+E&rft.au=Dessypris%2C+N&rft.au=Trichopoulos%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17461318-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17461318_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrilloVarnagyBraggLevy2007" class="citation journal cs1">Carrillo EH, Varnagy D, Bragg SM, Levy J, Riordan K (2007). "Traumatic injuries associated with horseback riding". <i><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Journal_of_Surgery" title="Scandinavian Journal of Surgery">Scandinavian Journal of Surgery</a></i>. <b>96</b> (1): 79–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F145749690709600115">10.1177/145749690709600115</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17461318">17461318</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27349609">27349609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Traumatic+injuries+associated+with+horseback+riding&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-82&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27349609%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17461318&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F145749690709600115&rft.aulast=Carrillo&rft.aufirst=EH&rft.au=Varnagy%2C+D&rft.au=Bragg%2C+SM&rft.au=Levy%2C+J&rft.au=Riordan%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17414356-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17414356_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayberryPearsonWigerDiggs2007" class="citation journal cs1">Mayberry JC, Pearson TE, Wiger KJ, Diggs BS, Mullins RJ (March 2007). "Equestrian injury prevention efforts need more attention to novice riders". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Trauma">Journal of Trauma</a></i>. <b>62</b> (3): 735–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fta.0b013e318031b5d4">10.1097/ta.0b013e318031b5d4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17414356">17414356</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trauma&rft.atitle=Equestrian+injury+prevention+efforts+need+more+attention+to+novice+riders&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=735-39&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2Fta.0b013e318031b5d4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17414356&rft.aulast=Mayberry&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.au=Pearson%2C+TE&rft.au=Wiger%2C+KJ&rft.au=Diggs%2C+BS&rft.au=Mullins%2C+RJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Most injuries result from falls (80%)", <i>Horse riding during pregnancy</i>, MS Rogers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._G._Lloyd1987" class="citation journal cs1">R. G. Lloyd (March 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1478604">"Riding and other equestrian injuries: Considerable severity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Sports_Medicine" title="British Journal of Sports Medicine">British Journal of Sports Medicine</a></i>. <b>21</b> (1): 22–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsm.21.1.22">10.1136/bjsm.21.1.22</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1478604">1478604</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3580722">3580722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Riding+and+other+equestrian+injuries%3A+Considerable+severity&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22-24&rft.date=1987-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1478604%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3580722&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbjsm.21.1.22&rft.au=R.+G.+Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1478604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18695484-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18695484_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoder_RT2008" class="citation journal cs1">Loder RT (August 2008). "The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Trauma">Journal of Trauma</a></i>. <b>65</b> (2): 447–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FTA.0b013e31817dac43">10.1097/TA.0b013e31817dac43</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18695484">18695484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trauma&rft.atitle=The+demographics+of+equestrian-related+injuries+in+the+United+States%3A+injury+patterns%2C+orthopedic+specific+injuries%2C+and+avenues+for+injury+prevention&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=447-60&rft.date=2008-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FTA.0b013e31817dac43&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18695484&rft.au=Loder+RT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18424291-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18424291_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeTsueiButler2008" class="citation journal cs1">Clarke CN, Tsuei BJ, Butler KL (May 2008). "Equine-related injury: a retrospective analysis of outcomes over a 10-year period". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="American Journal of Surgery">American Journal of Surgery</a></i>. <b>195</b> (5): 702–04. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjsurg.2007.11.007">10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424291">18424291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Equine-related+injury%3A+a+retrospective+analysis+of+outcomes+over+a+10-year+period&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=702-04&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amjsurg.2007.11.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18424291&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=CN&rft.au=Tsuei%2C+BJ&rft.au=Butler%2C+KL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ball-2007-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ball-2007_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ball-2007_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ball-2007_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallBallKirkpatrickMulloy2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ball CG, Ball JE, Kirkpatrick AW, Mulloy RH (May 2007). "Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="American Journal of Surgery">American Journal of Surgery</a></i>. <b>193</b> (5): 636–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjsurg.2007.01.016">10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17434372">17434372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Equestrian+injuries%3A+incidence%2C+injury+patterns%2C+and+risk+factors+for+10+years+of+major+traumatic+injuries&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=636-40&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amjsurg.2007.01.016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17434372&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=CG&rft.au=Ball%2C+JE&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+AW&rft.au=Mulloy%2C+RH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid1793946-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid1793946_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDittmer_H1991" class="citation journal cs1">Dittmer H (1991). "The injury pattern in horseback riding". <i>Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie. Supplement. Kongressband. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. Kongress</i>: 466–69. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1793946">1793946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Langenbecks+Archiv+f%C3%BCr+Chirurgie.+Supplement.+Kongressband.+Deutsche+Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Chirurgie.+Kongress&rft.atitle=The+injury+pattern+in+horseback+riding&rft.pages=466-69&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1793946&rft.au=Dittmer+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._G._Lloyd1987" class="citation journal cs1">R. G. Lloyd (March 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1478604">"Riding and other equestrian injuries: Considerable severity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Sports_Medicine" title="British Journal of Sports Medicine">British Journal of Sports Medicine</a></i>. <b>21</b> (1): 22–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsm.21.1.22">10.1136/bjsm.21.1.22</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1478604">1478604</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3580722">3580722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Riding+and+other+equestrian+injuries%3A+Considerable+severity&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22-24&rft.date=1987-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1478604%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3580722&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbjsm.21.1.22&rft.au=R.+G.+Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1478604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid14581953-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid14581953_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthey_G2003" class="citation journal cs1">Northey G (September 2003). "Equestrian injuries in New Zealand, 1993–2001: knowledge and experience". <i>N. Z. Med. J</i>. <b>116</b> (1182): U601. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14581953">14581953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N.+Z.+Med.+J.&rft.atitle=Equestrian+injuries+in+New+Zealand%2C+1993%E2%80%932001%3A+knowledge+and+experience&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1182&rft.pages=U601&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14581953&rft.au=Northey+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17049524-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17049524_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYimYeungMakGraham2007" class="citation journal cs1">Yim VW, Yeung JH, Mak PS, Graham CA, Lai PB, Rainer TH (January 2007). "Five year analysis of Jockey Club horse-related injuries presenting to a trauma centre in Hong Kong". <i>Injury</i>. <b>38</b> (1): 98–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.injury.2006.08.026">10.1016/j.injury.2006.08.026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17049524">17049524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury&rft.atitle=Five+year+analysis+of+Jockey+Club+horse-related+injuries+presenting+to+a+trauma+centre+in+Hong+Kong&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=98-103&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.injury.2006.08.026&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17049524&rft.aulast=Yim&rft.aufirst=VW&rft.au=Yeung%2C+JH&rft.au=Mak%2C+PS&rft.au=Graham%2C+CA&rft.au=Lai%2C+PB&rft.au=Rainer%2C+TH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12887517-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12887517_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimPuttaswamyGizziChristie2003" class="citation journal cs1">Lim J, Puttaswamy V, Gizzi M, Christie L, Croker W, Crowe P (August 2003). "Pattern of equestrian injuries presenting to a Sydney teaching hospital". <i>ANZ Journal of Surgery</i>. <b>73</b> (8): 567–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1445-2197.2003.02707.x">10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02707.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12887517">12887517</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36834081">36834081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANZ+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Pattern+of+equestrian+injuries+presenting+to+a+Sydney+teaching+hospital&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=567-71&rft.date=2003-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A36834081%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12887517&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1445-2197.2003.02707.x&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Puttaswamy%2C+V&rft.au=Gizzi%2C+M&rft.au=Christie%2C+L&rft.au=Croker%2C+W&rft.au=Crowe%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18782209-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18782209_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraven_JA2008" class="citation journal cs1">Craven JA (August 2008). "Paediatric and adolescent horse-related injuries: does the mechanism of injury justify a trauma response?". <i>Emergency Medicine Australasia</i>. <b>20</b> (4): 357–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1742-6723.2008.01107.x">10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01107.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18782209">18782209</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:963703">963703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emergency+Medicine+Australasia&rft.atitle=Paediatric+and+adolescent+horse-related+injuries%3A+does+the+mechanism+of+injury+justify+a+trauma+response%3F&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=357-62&rft.date=2008-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A963703%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18782209&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1742-6723.2008.01107.x&rft.au=Craven+JA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehorse.com/articles/23699/human-injuries-related-to-horses-analyzed">"Human injuries related to horses analyzed"</a>. <i>TheHorse.com</i>. 5 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheHorse.com&rft.atitle=Human+injuries+related+to+horses+analyzed&rft.date=2009-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehorse.com%2Farticles%2F23699%2Fhuman-injuries-related-to-horses-analyzed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeloitte2005" class="citation web cs1">Deloitte, C (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100203123251/http://www.horsecouncil.org/nationaleconomics.php">"National economic impact of U.S. horse industry"</a>. <i>American Horse Council Foundation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horsecouncil.org/nationaleconomics.php">the original</a> on 2010-02-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Horse+Council+Foundation&rft.atitle=National+economic+impact+of+U.S.+horse+industry&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Deloitte&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horsecouncil.org%2Fnationaleconomics.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoder2008" class="citation journal cs1">Loder R (2008). "The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention". <i>The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care</i>. <b>65</b> (2): 447–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fta.0b013e31817dac43">10.1097/ta.0b013e31817dac43</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18695484">18695484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Trauma%3A+Injury%2C+Infection%2C+and+Critical+Care&rft.atitle=The+demographics+of+equestrian-related+injuries+in+the+United+States%3A+injury+patterns%2C+orthopedic+specific+injuries%2C+and+avenues+for+injury+prevention&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=447-60&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2Fta.0b013e31817dac43&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18695484&rft.aulast=Loder&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529022237/http://www.riders4helmets.com/2011/08/traumatic-brain-injury-in-equestrian-sport-dr-chambless-2nd-helmet-safety-symposium/">"Traumatic Brain Injury in Equestrian Sport – Dr Chambless (2nd Helmet Safety Symposium)"</a>. <i>Riders4Helmets Campaign News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riders4helmets.com/2011/08/traumatic-brain-injury-in-equestrian-sport-dr-chambless-2nd-helmet-safety-symposium/">the original</a> on 29 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riders4Helmets+Campaign+News&rft.atitle=Traumatic+Brain+Injury+in+Equestrian+Sport+%E2%80%93+Dr+Chambless+%282nd+Helmet+Safety+Symposium%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riders4helmets.com%2F2011%2F08%2Ftraumatic-brain-injury-in-equestrian-sport-dr-chambless-2nd-helmet-safety-symposium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChitnavisGibbonsHirigoyenParry1996" class="citation journal cs1">Chitnavis JP, Gibbons CL, Hirigoyen M, Parry JL, Simpson AH (1996). "Accidents with horses: what has changed in 20 years?". <i>Injury</i>. <b>27</b> (2): 103–05. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0020-1383%2895%2900176-X">10.1016/0020-1383(95)00176-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8730383">8730383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury&rft.atitle=Accidents+with+horses%3A+what+has+changed+in+20+years%3F&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=103-05&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0020-1383%2895%2900176-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8730383&rft.aulast=Chitnavis&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+CL&rft.au=Hirigoyen%2C+M&rft.au=Parry%2C+JL&rft.au=Simpson%2C+AH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nelson,_M.A._1992-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson,_M.A._1992_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson,_M.A._1992_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelsonGoldbergHarrisLandry1992" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson MA, Goldberg B, Harris SS, Landry GL, Orenstein DM, Risser WL (1992). "Horseback riding and head injuries". <i>American Academy of Pediatrics</i>. <b>89</b> (3): 512.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Horseback+riding+and+head+injuries&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=512&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+B&rft.au=Harris%2C+SS&rft.au=Landry%2C+GL&rft.au=Orenstein%2C+DM&rft.au=Risser%2C+WL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeTsueiButler2008" class="citation journal cs1">Clarke CN, Tsuei BJ, Butler KL (2008). "Equine-related injury: a retrospective analysis of outcomes over a ten-year period". <i>The American Journal of Surgery</i>. <b>195</b> (5): 702–04. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjsurg.2007.11.007">10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424291">18424291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Equine-related+injury%3A+a+retrospective+analysis+of+outcomes+over+a+ten-year+period&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=702-04&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amjsurg.2007.11.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18424291&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=CN&rft.au=Tsuei%2C+BJ&rft.au=Butler%2C+KL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorley2010" class="citation journal cs1">Worley GH (2010). "Promoting the use of equestrian helmets: another opportunity for injury prevention". <i>Journal of Emergency Nursing</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 263–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jen.2010.01.007">10.1016/j.jen.2010.01.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20457328">20457328</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Emergency+Nursing&rft.atitle=Promoting+the+use+of+equestrian+helmets%3A+another+opportunity+for+injury+prevention&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-64&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jen.2010.01.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20457328&rft.aulast=Worley&rft.aufirst=GH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horsechannel.com/horse-exclusives/helmet-replacement-strategy.aspx">"Helmet Replacement Strategy"</a>. 4 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helmet+Replacement+Strategy&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horsechannel.com%2Fhorse-exclusives%2Fhelmet-replacement-strategy.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.troxelhelmets.com/service/faq">"FAQ's"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.troxelhelmets.com%2Fservice%2Ffaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horsechannel.com/horse-news/2011/01/27/eventing-dressage-helmet-rule.aspx">"New Helmet Rules for Eventing and Dressage Passed at USEF Convention"</a>. 27 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Helmet+Rules+for+Eventing+and+Dressage+Passed+at+USEF+Convention&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horsechannel.com%2Fhorse-news%2F2011%2F01%2F27%2Feventing-dressage-helmet-rule.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usef.org/_IFrames/RuleBook/Changes/2011.aspx">"2011 Rule Changes"</a>. <i>United States Equestrian Federation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Equestrian+Federation&rft.atitle=2011+Rule+Changes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usef.org%2F_IFrames%2FRuleBook%2FChanges%2F2011.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12346860-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12346860_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhall_A1995" class="citation journal cs1">Dhall A (1995). "Adolescence: myths and misconceptions". <i>Health Millions</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 35–38. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12346860">12346860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Millions&rft.atitle=Adolescence%3A+myths+and+misconceptions&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=35-38&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12346860&rft.au=Dhall+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17450681-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17450681_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrepinBiserteCossonDuchene2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Crepin G, Biserte J, Cosson M, Duchene F (October 2006). "[The female urogenital system and high level sports]". <i>Bull. Acad. Natl. Med.</i> (in French). <b>190</b> (7): 1479–91, discussion 1491–93. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17450681">17450681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Acad.+Natl.+Med.&rft.atitle=%5BThe+female+urogenital+system+and+high+level+sports%5D&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1479-91%2C+discussion+1491-93&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17450681&rft.aulast=Crepin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Biserte%2C+J&rft.au=Cosson%2C+M&rft.au=Duchene%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattagliaNappiManciniCianciosi2009" class="citation journal cs1">Battaglia, C; Nappi, RE; Mancini, F; Cianciosi, A; Persico, N; Busacchi, P (February 2009). "Ultrasonographic and Doppler findings of subclinical clitoral microtraumatisms in mountain bikers and horseback riders". <i>The Journal of Sexual Medicine</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 464–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2008.01124.x">10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01124.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19138367">19138367</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Sexual+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ultrasonographic+and+Doppler+findings+of+subclinical+clitoral+microtraumatisms+in+mountain+bikers+and+horseback+riders&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=464-68&rft.date=2009-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1743-6109.2008.01124.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19138367&rft.aulast=Battaglia&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Nappi%2C+RE&rft.au=Mancini%2C+F&rft.au=Cianciosi%2C+A&rft.au=Persico%2C+N&rft.au=Busacchi%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15972705-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15972705_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurgutKosarKosarKarabulut2005" class="citation journal cs1">Turgut AT, Kosar U, Kosar P, Karabulut A (July 2005). "Scrotal sonographic findings in equestrians". <i>Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine</i>. <b>24</b> (7): 911–17, quiz 919. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7863%2Fjum.2005.24.7.911">10.7863/jum.2005.24.7.911</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15972705">15972705</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44339283">44339283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ultrasound+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Scrotal+sonographic+findings+in+equestrians&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=911-17%2C+quiz+919&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A44339283%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15972705&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7863%2Fjum.2005.24.7.911&rft.aulast=Turgut&rft.aufirst=AT&rft.au=Kosar%2C+U&rft.au=Kosar%2C+P&rft.au=Karabulut%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11323467-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11323467_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrauscherKlauserStenzlHelweg2001" class="citation journal cs1">Frauscher F, Klauser A, Stenzl A, Helweg G, Amort B, zur Nedden D (May 2001). "US findings in the scrotum of extreme mountain bikers". <i>Radiology</i>. <b>219</b> (2): 427–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1148%2Fradiology.219.2.r01ma42427">10.1148/radiology.219.2.r01ma42427</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11323467">11323467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=US+findings+in+the+scrotum+of+extreme+mountain+bikers&rft.volume=219&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=427-31&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1148%2Fradiology.219.2.r01ma42427&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11323467&rft.aulast=Frauscher&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Klauser%2C+A&rft.au=Stenzl%2C+A&rft.au=Helweg%2C+G&rft.au=Amort%2C+B&rft.au=zur+Nedden%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18185039-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18185039_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitterbergerPinggeraNeuwirtColleselli2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mitterberger M, Pinggera GM, Neuwirt H, Colleselli D, Pelzer A, Bartsch G, Strasser H, Gradl J, Pallwein L, Frauscher F (January 2008). "Do mountain bikers have a higher risk of scrotal disorders than on-road cyclists?". <i>Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 49–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FJSM.0b013e31815c042f">10.1097/JSM.0b013e31815c042f</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18185039">18185039</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29581763">29581763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Journal+of+Sport+Medicine&rft.atitle=Do+mountain+bikers+have+a+higher+risk+of+scrotal+disorders+than+on-road+cyclists%3F&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-54&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29581763%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18185039&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FJSM.0b013e31815c042f&rft.aulast=Mitterberger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Pinggera%2C+GM&rft.au=Neuwirt%2C+H&rft.au=Colleselli%2C+D&rft.au=Pelzer%2C+A&rft.au=Bartsch%2C+G&rft.au=Strasser%2C+H&rft.au=Gradl%2C+J&rft.au=Pallwein%2C+L&rft.au=Frauscher%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KeenDaCosta1908-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KeenDaCosta1908_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KeenDaCosta1908_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Williams_KeenJohn_Chalmers_Da_Costa1908" class="citation book cs1">William Williams Keen; John Chalmers Da Costa, eds. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QnYwAAAAIAAJ"><i>Surgery, Its Principles and Practice</i></a>. Vol. 4. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surgery%2C+Its+Principles+and+Practice&rft.place=Philadelphia+and+London&rft.pub=W.+B.+Saunders+Company&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQnYwAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEquestrianism" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 598, 615</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Horse_riding" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Horse riding">Horse riding</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Equestrian_sports" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Equestrian sports">Equestrian sports</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Horse_riding#Q179226" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Horse riding">Horse riding</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Horsemanship" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Horsemanship">Horsemanship</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211081332/http://horsesport.org/">International Federation for Equestrian Sports</a> FEI official homepage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Equestrian_Federation" title="United States Equestrian Federation">United States Equestrian Federation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usef.org/">USEF Official web site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Federation_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian Federation of Australia">Equestrian Federation of Australia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efanational.com/">Equestrian Federation of Australia web site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Federation_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian Federation of Ireland">Equestrian Federation of Ireland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210020616/http://www.horsesport.ie/homel.html">– EFI web site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060805085033/http://kazequestrian.org/">Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan</a> Russian – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727234118/http://en.kazequestrian.org/">Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan</a> English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usdf.org/">United States Dressage Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerc.org/">American Endurance Ride Conference</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natrc.org/">The North American Trail Ride Conference</a> – Competitive Trail Riding</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportendurance.co.uk/">UK Endurance Horse Riding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rideandtie.org/">Ride and Tie Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanvaulting.org/">The American Vaulting Association</a> – Equestrian Vaulting</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rideforbund.dk/">Danish Riding Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nchacutting.com/">National Cutting Horse Association</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Horses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Horse_topics" title="Template:Horse topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Horse_topics" title="Template talk:Horse topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Horse_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Horse topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Horses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equine science and<br />management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equine_anatomy" title="Equine anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_behavior" title="Horse behavior">Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_breeding" title="Horse breeding">Breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine_conformation" title="Equine conformation">Conformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine_coat_color" title="Equine coat color">Coat color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_genome" title="Horse genome">Genome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_gait" title="Horse gait">Gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_management" title="Horse management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine_nutrition" title="Equine nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatric_horse" title="Geriatric horse">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_slaughter" title="Horse slaughter">Slaughter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Equestrianism</a><br />and sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_equestrian_terms" title="Glossary of equestrian terms">Glossary of equestrian terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_industry" title="Horse industry">Horse industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equestrian_sports" title="List of equestrian sports">List of equestrian sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_tack" title="Horse tack">Horse tack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_(horse)" title="Bit (horse)">Bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">Bridle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle" title="Saddle">Saddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_harness" title="Horse harness">Harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_riding" title="English riding">English riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_riding" title="Western riding">Western riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_training" title="Horse training">Horse training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_events_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics">Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_equestrian" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Olympic medalists in equestrian">medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_equestrian" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Olympic venues in equestrian">venues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">Horse show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitation" title="Equitation">Equitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine-assisted_therapy" title="Equine-assisted therapy">Therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse" title="Evolution of the horse">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Horses in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_ancient_and_Imperial_China" title="Horses in ancient and Imperial China">Ancient and Imperial China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_horse_in_Britain" title="History of the horse in Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_horse_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of the horse in the Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_the_United_States" title="Horses in the United States">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Horses in the Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horses_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of horses of the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_II" title="Horses in World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_breed" title="Horse breed">Horse breeds</a> and types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_breeds" title="List of horse breeds">Horse breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse" title="Draft horse">Draft horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feral_horse" title="Feral horse">Feral horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gaited_horse_breeds" title="List of gaited horse breeds">Gaited horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_and_moorland_pony_breeds" title="Mountain and moorland pony breeds">Mountain and moorland pony breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_horse" title="Sport horse">Sport horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_horse" title="Stock horse">Stock horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmblood" title="Warmblood">Warmblood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_horse" title="Wild horse">Wild horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_culture" title="Horse culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_art" title="Horses in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_burial" title="Horse burial">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_horses" title="List of fictional horses">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippomancy" title="Hippomancy">Hippomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horses_in_mythology_and_folklore" title="List of horses in mythology and folklore">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Chinese_mythology" title="Horses in Chinese mythology">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Horses in Germanic paganism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_horses_in_mythology" title="White horses in mythology">White horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_winged_horses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of winged horses">Winged horse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_sacrifice" title="Horse sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_symbolism" title="Horse symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_worship" title="Horse worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_horse-related_topics" title="Lists of horse-related topics">Lists of horse-related topics</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Horses" title="Category:Horses">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Equestrian_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Equestrian_sports" title="Template:Equestrian sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Equestrian_sports" title="Template talk:Equestrian sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Equestrian_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Equestrian sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Equestrian_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equestrian_sports" title="List of equestrian sports">Equestrian sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Main articles: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Equestrianism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Equitation" title="Equitation">Equitation</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Equestrian_Sports" title="International Federation for Equestrian Sports">FEI</a> disciplines, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the Summer Olympics">Olympic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FEI disciplines, non-Olympic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_driving" title="Combined driving">Combined driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reining" title="Reining">Reining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_pegging" title="Tent pegging">Tent pegging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">Vaulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-equestrian" title="Para-equestrian">Para-equestrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat racing">Flat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">Harness racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palio" title="Palio">Palio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_to_point_(steeplechase)" class="mw-redirect" title="Point to point (steeplechase)">Point-to-point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(horse_racing)" title="Steeplechase (horse racing)">Steeplechase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoroughbred horse racing">Thoroughbred horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_horse_racing" title="List of films about horse racing">Films about horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_racing_venues" title="List of horse racing venues">List of horse racing venues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_racing_venues_by_capacity" title="List of horse racing venues by capacity">by capacity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Team sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_drill_team" title="Equestrian drill team">Equestrian drill team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaramuza_charra" title="Escaramuza charra">Escaramuza charra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(performance)" title="Fantasia (performance)">Fantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a> (cirit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_(performance)" title="Mata (performance)">Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_chasing" title="Team chasing">Team chasing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games with horses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_racing" title="Barrel racing">Barrel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrera_de_cintas" title="Carrera de cintas">Carrera de cintas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrida_de_sortija" title="Corrida de sortija">Corrida de sortija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhigitovka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzhigitovka">Dzhigitovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine_agility" title="Equine agility">Equine agility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Er_Enish" title="Er Enish">Er Enish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(equestrian)" title="Gymkhana (equestrian)">Gymkhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_race" title="Keyhole race">Keyhole race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyz_kuu" title="Kyz kuu">Kyz kuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(equestrian)" title="Gymkhana (equestrian)">O-Mok-See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_bending" title="Pole bending">Pole bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_race" title="Potato race">Potato race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjska_alka" title="Sinjska alka">Sinjska alka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skijoring" title="Skijoring">Skijoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban%27ei" title="Ban'ei">Ban'ei racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_driving" title="Carriage driving">Carriage driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon_racing" title="Chuckwagon racing">Chuckwagon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse_showing" title="Draft horse showing">Draft horse showing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_harness" title="Fine harness">Fine harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_pulling" title="Horse pulling">Horse pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_driving" title="Pleasure driving">Pleasure driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(horse)" title="Roadster (horse)">Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scurry_driving" class="mw-redirect" title="Scurry driving">Scurry driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working stock sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoso_y_derribo" title="Acoso y derribo">Acoso y derribo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rodeo" title="Australian rodeo">Australian rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_roping" title="Breakaway roping">Breakaway roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronc_riding" title="Bronc riding">Bronc riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_roping" title="Calf roping">Calf roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campdrafting" title="Campdrafting">Campdrafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charrer%C3%ADa" title="Charrería">Charrería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rodeo" title="Chilean rodeo">Chilean rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleo" title="Coleo">Coleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_(sport)" title="Cutting (sport)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deporte_de_lazo" title="Deporte de lazo">Deporte de lazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_tying" title="Goat tying">Goat tying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jineteada_gaucha" title="Jineteada gaucha">Jineteada gaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_sorting" title="Ranch sorting">Ranch sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steer_wrestling" title="Steer wrestling">Steer wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_penning" title="Team penning">Team penning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_roping" title="Team roping">Team roping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cow_horse" title="Working cow horse">Working cow horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaponry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_mounted_shooting" title="Cowboy mounted shooting">Cowboy mounted shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">Jousting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_archery" title="Mounted archery">Mounted archery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasola" title="Pasola">Pasola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_sticking" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig sticking">Pig sticking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">Horse show</a> and<br />exhibition disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_dressage" title="Classical dressage">Classical dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_pleasure" title="English pleasure">English pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halter_(horse_show)" title="Halter (horse show)">Halter (horse show)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_showmanship" title="Horse showmanship">Horse showmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_seat" title="Hunt seat">Hunt seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_seat" title="Saddle seat">Saddle seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hack" title="Show hack">Show hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hunter" title="Show hunter">Show hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_hunter_(British)" title="Show hunter (British)">Show hunter (British)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidesaddle" title="Sidesaddle">Sidesaddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_riding_stunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse riding stunts">Stunt riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_(horse_show)" title="Trail (horse show)">Trail (horse show)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_dressage" title="Western dressage">Western dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_pleasure" title="Western pleasure">Western pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_riding_(horse_show)" title="Western riding (horse show)">Western riding (horse show)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and<br />breed-specific disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camargue_equitation" title="Camargue equitation">Camargue equitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doma_menorquina" title="Doma menorquina">Doma menorquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doma_vaquera" title="Doma vaquera">Doma vaquera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_equitation" title="Icelandic equitation">Icelandic equitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_equitation" title="Working equitation">Working equitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Field sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade" title="Cavalcade">Cavalcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_trail_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive trail riding">Competitive trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_riding" title="Cross-country riding">Cross-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hunter" title="Field hunter">Field hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_pacing" title="Hunter pacing">Hunter pacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_orienteering" title="Mounted orienteering">Mounted orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_riding" title="Pleasure riding">Pleasure riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">Trail riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techniques_de_Randonn%C3%A9e_%C3%89questre_de_Comp%C3%A9tition" title="Techniques de Randonnée Équestre de Compétition">TREC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_horses" title="List of historical horses">List of historical horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_equestrianism" title="Women in equestrianism">Women in equestrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mammals_in_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mammals_in_culture" title="Template:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mammals_in_culture" title="Template talk:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mammals_in_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mammals_in_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_mammals" title="Human uses of mammals">Mammals in culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Draft animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory animal">Laboratory animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">Pack animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">Pet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Equestrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_animal" title="Service animal">Service animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-assisted_therapy" title="Animal-assisted therapy">Animal-assisted therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/100px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/150px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/200px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_bats" title="Human uses of bats">Bats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_bears" title="Cultural depictions of bears">Bears</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear-baiting" title="Bear-baiting">Bear-baiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_bear" title="Teddy bear">Teddy bear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_(mythology)" title="Coyote (mythology)">Coyotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_dogs" title="Cultural depictions of dogs">Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_in_mythology" title="Deer in mythology">Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_elephants" title="Cultural depictions of elephants">Elephants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxes_in_popular_culture,_films_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxes in popular culture, films and literature">Foxes</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_art" title="Horses in art">Horses in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_worship" title="Horse worship">Horse worship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguars_in_Mesoamerican_cultures" title="Jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures">Jaguars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Kangaroo emblems and popular culture">Kangaroos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_koalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural depictions of koalas">Koalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_lions" title="Cultural depictions of lions">Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigs_in_culture" title="Pigs in culture">Pigs</a></li> <li>Simians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorillas_in_popular_culture" title="Gorillas in popular culture">Gorillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_in_Chinese_culture" title="Monkeys in Chinese culture">Monkeys in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutans_in_popular_culture" title="Orangutans in popular culture">Orangutans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_spotted_hyenas" title="Cultural depictions of spotted hyenas">Spotted hyenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_tigers" title="Cultural depictions of tigers">Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_weasels" title="Cultural depictions of weasels">Weasels</a></li> <li>Whales <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">Whale watching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_worship" title="Whale worship">Whale worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcas_in_popular_culture" title="Orcas in popular culture">Orcas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_in_folklore,_religion_and_mythology" title="Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology">Wolves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template talk:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mandatory sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic sports">Aquatics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_(sport)" title="Diving (sport)">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Marathon Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">Canoeing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_slalom" title="Canoe slalom">Canoe slalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sprint" title="Canoe sprint">Canoe sprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Equestrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Sport climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">Freestyle wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discretionary sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_sixes" title="Lacrosse sixes">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179226#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179226#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179226#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4049319-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85062144">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931265v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931265v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560566">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="jezdectví"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114832&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565296805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/016331">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Use of horses for sport or work</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&oldid=1259154708">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&oldid=1259154708</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Equestrianism" title="Category:Equestrianism">Equestrianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Individual_sports" title="Category:Individual sports">Individual sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Equestrian_sports" title="Category:Equestrian sports">Equestrian sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Uses_of_boots" title="Category:Uses of boots">Uses of boots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Category:Summer Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 17:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equestrianism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-98hqk","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.155","walltime":"1.387","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4536,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":165135,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2679,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":22,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":223042,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1143.575 1 -total"," 34.90% 399.069 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.62% 155.745 3 Template:Lang"," 13.40% 153.280 15 Template:Cite_web"," 13.21% 151.103 28 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.84% 112.553 4 Template:Navbox"," 8.76% 100.160 4 Template:Sister_project"," 8.52% 97.378 1 Template:Horse_topics"," 8.45% 96.583 4 Template:Side_box"," 7.86% 89.874 2 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.721","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16571880,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-crlgt","timestamp":"20241123175200","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Equestrianism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equestrianism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q179226","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q179226","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-22T10:41:35Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T17:51:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fa\/Horse_riding_in_coca_cola_arena_-_melbourne_show_2005.jpg","headline":"horse riding"}</script> </body> </html>