CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>      <html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Webpage" class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn01.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn01.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn02.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn02.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn04.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn04.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn06.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn06.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn07.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn07.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn08.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn08.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn09.allafrica.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn09.allafrica.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://clickiocmp.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://clickiocmp.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://s.clickiocdn.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://s.clickiocdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link as="script" href="https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/jquery-1.9.1.min.js?v=2024120400" rel="preload"> <link as="script" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.js?v=2024120400" rel="preload"> <link as="script" href="https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/application.min.js?v=2024120400" rel="preload"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta itemprop="description" content="At their recent Leaders' Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the G20 committed to support developing countries in responding to global crises and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To meet that pledge, the world's leading economies need to enhance global collaboration and investment in ocean prediction systems and technology."> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-square.png"> <meta itemprop="name" content="Africa: Equitable Ocean Prediction Systems - Bridging the North-South Divide"> <meta name="description" content="At their recent Leaders' Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the G20 committed to support developing countries in responding to global crises and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To meet that pledge, the world's leading economies need to enhance global collaboration and investment in ocean prediction systems and technology."> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="3xuju9s7i37gmaj9exdgd1abrykiyb"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bGxG4qeN9up-gMXKjsgylykqjVrzxLjg1rQrP3K-rJk"> <meta name="keywords" content="Africa, news, politics, economy, trade, business, sports, current events, travel, Africa, Environment, Oceans and Rivers"> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="72401C28AAAC95E8D3FF1881A90F2C4D"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="At their recent Leaders' Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the G20 committed to support developing countries in responding to global crises and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To meet that pledge, the world's leading economies need to enhance global collaboration and investment in ocean prediction systems and technology."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-square.png"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@allafrica"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Africa: Equitable Ocean Prediction Systems - Bridging the North-South Divide"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-29T04:39:48+0000"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-29T04:39:48+0000"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/allafrica"> <meta property="article:section" content="News"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Africa"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Environment"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Oceans and Rivers"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="100369188719"> <meta property="fb:pages" content="98946450029"> <meta property="og:description" content="At their recent Leaders' Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the G20 committed to support developing countries in responding to global crises and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To meet that pledge, the world's leading economies need to enhance global collaboration and investment in ocean prediction systems and technology."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-square.png"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="allAfrica.com"> <meta property="og:title" content="Africa: Equitable Ocean Prediction Systems - Bridging the North-South Divide"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://allafrica.com/stories/202411290007.html"> <style> .carousel-container.uninitialized,.carousel-container.initializing{visibility:hidden;height:0;overflow: hidden;} .carousel-container.initialized{visibility:visible;} .operamini .carousel-single .carousel-container.uninitialized{visibility:visible;height:auto;} .operamini .owl-carousel-wrapper .owl-carousel-container .owl-carousel{display: block;} .operamini .owl-carousel-wrapper .owl-carousel-container .owl-carousel .item + .item{display:none;} </style> <style> div.ad-container.pixel-ad{width:1px;height:1px;}div.ad-container.photoessay{width:300px;height:250px;float:none;}.superleaderboard-a > div > iframe{display:block;margin:0 auto;}.container.subnav{min-height:6px;background-color:#fff;}div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{margin:0 auto;}.container.subnav .row.ads,.column.main .section.ads,.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-a,.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-b{display:none;}.outer-ad-container,.ad-container{line-height:0;font-size:0;}.adsense-responsive-ad{overflow:hidden;}.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{width:100%;margin:0 auto;}body.aans.view .story-body .gpt-outer-ad-container,body.aans.view .story-body .adsense-responsive-outer-ad-container,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container{display:block;float:none;padding:0;margin:0 auto;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::after,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::before,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::after{content:"";display:block;border-color:#d2d2d2;border-style:solid;border-width:0;padding:0;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before{font-family:"Proxima Nova",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:10px;min-height:10px;line-height:1;text-align:center;color:#999;padding:7.5px 0 7.5px;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::before{margin:25px auto 0;border-top-width:1px;}body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::before{padding-top:25px;}:lang(en) body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before{content:"Advertisement - Continue Reading Below";}:lang(fr) body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::before{content:"Publicité - Continuer la lecture ci-dessous";}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .outer-ad-container::after,body.aans.view .column.main .outer-ad-container.responsive-aans-view-end-container::after{height:0;margin:0 auto 25px;padding-bottom:25px;border-bottom-width:1px;}.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:155px;}.column.main .section.ads.center-a{display:block;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{margin:0 auto;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:125px;height:125px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{display:none;}.column.aside div.ad-container,div.ad-container.right-ad,div.ad-container.center-ad,div.ad-container.right{float:none;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom:35px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-b{margin-top:35px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:125px;height:125px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 200px){.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:200px;height:200px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:200px;height:200px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 280px){.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:250px;height:250px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:250px;height:250px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 320px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:225px;}.container.subnav .row.ads{display:block;}.container.subnav .row.ads .ad-container{margin-top:35px;margin-bottom:35px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{width:320px;min-height:250px;margin:0 auto;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:initial;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .ad-container.center-ad{width:300px;min-height:250px;max-height:600px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:300px;height:250px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:300px;height:250px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 360px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:257px;}.column.main div.ad-container.center-ad{width:336px;height:280px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:336px;height:280px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 370px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:280px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){.column.main .section.ads{display:block;}div.ad-container.banner-ad{width:468px;height:60px;margin:0 auto;}div.ad-container.banner-ad{width:468px;height:60px;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle{min-width:300px;min-height:60px;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad.responsive-aans-view-ad > ins.adsbygoogle{width:336px;height:280px;}.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:60px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{min-width:initial;min-height:initial;width:468px;height:60px;overflow:hidden;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 600px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:90px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){.aans.list.interior .section.top-news .stories .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,.topical-focus.interior.view .column.main > .content .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .adsense-responsive-ad > ins.adsbygoogle,body.aans.view .column.main .responsive-aans-view-end > ins.adsbygoogle{height:60px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{width:970px;min-width:initial;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:initial;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{height:250px;}.container.subnav div.ad-container.superleaderboard-ad{display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{display:block;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-ad{width:300px;height:250px;}.column.aside div.ad-container.right-a{height:600px;}}ins{text-decoration:none;} </style> <style> @font-face{font-family:'FontAwesome';src:url(https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.eot?v=4.7.0);src:url(https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.eot?#iefix&v=4.7.0) format('embedded-opentype'),url(https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.7.0) format('woff2'),url(https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=4.7.0) format('woff'),url(https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.ttf?v=4.7.0) format('truetype'),url(https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/fonts/font-awesome/4.7.0/fontawesome-webfont.svg?v=4.7.0#fontawesomeregular) format('svg');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;}.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002";}.fa-envelope-o:before{content:"\f003";}.fa-remove:before,.fa-close:before,.fa-times:before{content:"\f00d";}.fa-arrow-left:before{content:"\f060";}.fa-twitter-square:before{content:"\f081";}.fa-facebook-square:before{content:"\f082";}.fa-linkedin-square:before{content:"\f08c";}.fa-angle-double-left:before{content:"\f100";}.fa-angle-double-right:before{content:"\f101";}.fa-rss-square:before{content:"\f143";}.fa-user-o:before{content:"\f2c0";}.fa-telegram:before{content:"\f2c6";}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;} .col-tn-1,.col-tn-2,.col-tn-3,.col-tn-4,.col-tn-5,.col-tn-6,.col-tn-7,.col-tn-8,.col-tn-9,.col-tn-10,.col-tn-11,.col-tn-12,.col-xxs-1,.col-xxs-2,.col-xxs-3,.col-xxs-4,.col-xxs-5,.col-xxs-6,.col-xxs-7,.col-xxs-8,.col-xxs-9,.col-xxs-10,.col-xxs-11,.col-xxs-12{min-height:1px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;position:relative;}.col-tn-1,.col-tn-2,.col-tn-3,.col-tn-4,.col-tn-5,.col-tn-6,.col-tn-7,.col-tn-8,.col-tn-9,.col-tn-10,.col-tn-11,.col-tn-12{float:left;}.col-tn-12{width:100%;}.col-tn-6{width:50%;} html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;}body{margin:0;}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block;}a{background-color:transparent;}b,strong{font-weight:bold;}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-size:2em;}img{border:0;}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{margin:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;}button{overflow:visible;}button,select{text-transform:none;}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer;}input{line-height:normal;}input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}table{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;}td,th{padding:0;}*{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;}*:before,*:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff;}input,button,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;}a{color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none;}img{vertical-align:middle;}.img-responsive,.thumbnail > img,.thumbnail a > img,.carousel-inner > .item > img,.carousel-inner > .item > a > img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;}[role="button"]{cursor:pointer;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit;}h1,.h1,h2,.h2,h3,.h3{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px;}h4,.h4,h5,.h5,h6,.h6{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}h1,.h1{font-size:36px;}h2,.h2{font-size:30px;}h4,.h4{font-size:18px;}p{margin:0 0 10px;}ul,ol{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;}ul ul,ol ul,ul ol,ol ol{margin-bottom:0;}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;}@media (min-width: 768px){.container{width:750px;}}@media (min-width: 992px){.container{width:970px;}}@media (min-width: 1200px){.container{width:1170px;}}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px;}.col-xs-1,.col-sm-1,.col-md-1,.col-lg-1,.col-xs-2,.col-sm-2,.col-md-2,.col-lg-2,.col-xs-3,.col-sm-3,.col-md-3,.col-lg-3,.col-xs-4,.col-sm-4,.col-md-4,.col-lg-4,.col-xs-5,.col-sm-5,.col-md-5,.col-lg-5,.col-xs-6,.col-sm-6,.col-md-6,.col-lg-6,.col-xs-7,.col-sm-7,.col-md-7,.col-lg-7,.col-xs-8,.col-sm-8,.col-md-8,.col-lg-8,.col-xs-9,.col-sm-9,.col-md-9,.col-lg-9,.col-xs-10,.col-sm-10,.col-md-10,.col-lg-10,.col-xs-11,.col-sm-11,.col-md-11,.col-lg-11,.col-xs-12,.col-sm-12,.col-md-12,.col-lg-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;}@media (min-width: 480px){.col-xs-1,.col-xs-2,.col-xs-3,.col-xs-4,.col-xs-5,.col-xs-6,.col-xs-7,.col-xs-8,.col-xs-9,.col-xs-10,.col-xs-11,.col-xs-12{float:left;}.col-xs-12{width:100%;}.col-xs-6{width:50%;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.col-sm-1,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12{float:left;}.col-sm-8{width:66.66666667%;}.col-sm-7{width:58.33333333%;}.col-sm-6{width:50%;}.col-sm-5{width:41.66666667%;}.col-sm-4{width:33.33333333%;}}table{background-color:transparent;}label{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;font-weight:bold;}input[type="radio"],input[type="checkbox"]{margin:4px 0 0;margin-top:1px \9;line-height:normal;}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;height:34px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#555;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075);-webkit-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;-o-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;}.form-control::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999;}.radio input[type="radio"],.radio-inline input[type="radio"],.checkbox input[type="checkbox"],.checkbox-inline input[type="checkbox"]{position:absolute;margin-top:4px \9;margin-left:-20px;}.radio-inline,.checkbox-inline{position:relative;display:inline-block;padding-left:20px;margin-bottom:0;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer;}.radio-inline + .radio-inline,.checkbox-inline + .checkbox-inline{margin-top:0;margin-left:10px;}.btn{display:inline-block;padding:6px 12px;margin-bottom:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;line-height:1.42857143;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;background-image:none;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;}.btn:active,.btn.active{background-image:none;outline:0;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125);box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125);}.btn-default{color:#333;background-color:#fff;border-color:#ccc;}.btn-default:active,.btn-default.active,.open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-default{color:#333;background-color:#e6e6e6;border-color:#adadad;}.btn-default:active,.btn-default.active,.open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-default{background-image:none;}.btn-success{color:#fff;background-color:#5cb85c;border-color:#4cae4c;}.btn-sm,.btn-group-sm > .btn{padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;border-radius:3px;}.fade{opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .15s linear;-o-transition:opacity .15s linear;transition:opacity .15s linear;}.collapse{display:none;}.collapse.in{display:block;}.collapsing{position:relative;height:0;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease;-o-transition-timing-function:ease;transition-timing-function:ease;-webkit-transition-duration:.35s;-o-transition-duration:.35s;transition-duration:.35s;-webkit-transition-property:height,visibility;-o-transition-property:height,visibility;transition-property:height,visibility;}.btn-group,.btn-group-vertical{position:relative;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;}.btn-group > .btn,.btn-group-vertical > .btn{position:relative;float:left;}.btn-group > .btn:hover,.btn-group-vertical > .btn:hover,.btn-group > .btn:focus,.btn-group-vertical > .btn:focus,.btn-group > .btn:active,.btn-group-vertical > .btn:active,.btn-group > .btn.active,.btn-group-vertical > .btn.active{z-index:2;}.btn-group .btn + .btn,.btn-group .btn + .btn-group,.btn-group .btn-group + .btn,.btn-group .btn-group + .btn-group{margin-left:-1px;}.btn-group > .btn:first-child{margin-left:0;}.btn-group > .btn:first-child:not(:last-child):not(.dropdown-toggle){border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;}.btn-group > .btn:last-child:not(:first-child),.btn-group > .dropdown-toggle:not(:first-child){border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;}.input-group{position:relative;display:table;border-collapse:separate;}.input-group .form-control{position:relative;z-index:2;float:left;width:100%;margin-bottom:0;}.input-group-sm > .form-control,.input-group-sm > .input-group-addon,.input-group-sm > .input-group-btn > .btn{height:30px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;border-radius:3px;}.input-group-addon,.input-group-btn,.input-group .form-control{display:table-cell;}.input-group-addon,.input-group-btn{width:1%;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;}.input-group .form-control:first-child,.input-group-addon:first-child,.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn,.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn-group > .btn,.input-group-btn:first-child > .dropdown-toggle,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn:not(:last-child):not(.dropdown-toggle),.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn-group:not(:last-child) > .btn{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;}.input-group .form-control:last-child,.input-group-addon:last-child,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn-group > .btn,.input-group-btn:last-child > .dropdown-toggle,.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn:not(:first-child),.input-group-btn:first-child > .btn-group:not(:first-child) > .btn{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;}.input-group-btn{position:relative;font-size:0;white-space:nowrap;}.input-group-btn > .btn{position:relative;}.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn,.input-group-btn:last-child > .btn-group{z-index:2;margin-left:-1px;}.navbar-btn{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}.navbar-btn.btn-sm{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}.alert{padding:15px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;}.alert-success{color:#3c763d;background-color:#dff0d8;border-color:#d6e9c6;}.alert-danger{color:#a94442;background-color:#f2dede;border-color:#ebccd1;}.close{float:right;font-size:21px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1;color:#000;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff;filter:alpha(opacity=20);opacity:.2;}button.close{-webkit-appearance:none;padding:0;cursor:pointer;background:transparent;border:0;}.modal{position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:1050;display:none;overflow:hidden;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;outline:0;}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after,.dl-horizontal dd:before,.dl-horizontal dd:after,.container:before,.container:after,.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after,.row:before,.row:after,.form-horizontal .form-group:before,.form-horizontal .form-group:after,.btn-toolbar:before,.btn-toolbar:after,.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:before,.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:after,.nav:before,.nav:after,.navbar:before,.navbar:after,.navbar-header:before,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-collapse:before,.navbar-collapse:after,.pager:before,.pager:after,.panel-body:before,.panel-body:after,.modal-header:before,.modal-header:after,.modal-footer:before,.modal-footer:after{display:table;content:" ";}.clearfix:after,.dl-horizontal dd:after,.container:after,.container-fluid:after,.row:after,.form-horizontal .form-group:after,.btn-toolbar:after,.btn-group-vertical > .btn-group:after,.nav:after,.navbar:after,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-collapse:after,.pager:after,.panel-body:after,.modal-header:after,.modal-footer:after{clear:both;} html,body,div,span,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,blockquote,pre,abbr,address,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,samp,small,strong,sub,sup,var,b,i,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,mark,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,.canvas,.details,.figure,.masthead,.hgroup,.menu,.nav,.section,.summary,.time,.audio,.video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;outline:0;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;}.details,.figure,.masthead,.hgroup,.menu,.nav,.section{display:block;}a{margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;}a.external.external-icon::after{vertical-align:baseline;font-size:65%;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-left:.5rem;content:'\f08e';font-family:FontAwesome;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}input,select{vertical-align:middle;}body{background-color:#f4f4f4;color:#333;font-family:"Arial","Liberation Sans",sans-serif;font-size:13px;}a{color:#10579f;text-decoration:none;}h1,h2{font-size:16px;}body > .container,body > .sticky-masthead > .container{overflow:hidden;}body > .container.mid,body > .container.bottom{background-color:#fff;}@media (min-width: 1200px){body > .container,body > .sticky-masthead > .container{width:1170px;}body{min-width:1170px;}}body.aans.view.sponsored .column.main,body.aans.view.sponsored .column.aside{margin-top:20px;}.container.mid .column.main,.container.mid .column.aside{margin-top:15px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){.container.mid .column.main,.container.mid .column.aside{margin-top:20px;}}.container.mid .column.main{z-index:2;}body > .container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;}.widget-label{color:#333333;line-height:1;display:inline-block;}a.widget-label:after,a.cell-label:after,a.item-label:after{content:"\f101";font-family:FontAwesome;font-size:90%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;display:inline-block;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;margin-left:.25em;}.row.no-gutter{margin-right:0;margin-left:0;}.row.no-gutter > [class*="col-"]{padding-right:0;padding-left:0;}.container.mid{position:relative;z-index:1;}body.sponsored .premium-partner-attribution{font-size:75%;font-style:italic;}.column.aside{display:none;}.column.aside.flexible{display:block;}.column.aside div.mid-flex,.column.aside div.bottom-anchor,.column.aside .section.related-links{display:none;}.column.aside .section{border-top:5px solid #656565;margin-bottom:35px;}.column.aside .section h1,.column.aside .section h2{text-transform:uppercase;}.column.aside .section.headlines h1,.column.aside .section.headlines h2{margin:5px 0 20px 5px;font-size:20px;}.aside .section.headlines{margin:0 auto;margin-bottom:75px;}.aside .section.headlines{margin-bottom:25px;}.column.aside .section.headlines > .content{padding:8px 0 0;overflow:hidden;max-height:292px;position:relative;}body.aans.view.sponsored .aside .section.headlines.publisher-headlines.sponsored > .content{max-height:none;}.aside .section.headlines > .content:after{background:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0);background-image:linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-moz-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );content:"";display:block;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:30px;pointer-events:none;z-index:1;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories{list-style-type:none;}ul.stories > li .location{color:#333;}ul.stories > li > a{display:block;}.section.headlines.spotlight-box ul.stories > li,.section.box.headlines ul.stories > li{padding:0 0 4px 0;}.section.box.headlines ul.stories > li > a{padding:4px 9px;}ul.stories > li .kind-of-story,ul.stories > li .location,ul.stories > li .summary{color:#333;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li,.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;font-size:13px;line-height:150%;}.landing .section h1 a:after,.interior .section h1 a:after,.interior .section h2 a:after{content:"»";font-weight:normal;display:inline-block;margin:-5px 0 0 6px;}.section h2{margin-bottom:4px;}body.aans.view h2.headline,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.01);}body.aans.view.sponsored .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text strong.subhead{font-size:130%;}.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row{border-top-width:0;font-size:14px;}.container.bottom .focus.trending.photo-row .widget-label,.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row .widget-label{font-size:175%;text-transform:uppercase;}.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item{margin-top:25px;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a > .teaser{width:95%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.column.aside .focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a > .teaser{margin-top:12px;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a > .teaser > .headline{font-weight:600;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a img{margin-bottom:8px;}.focus.featured.photo-row .items > .item > a img.img-responsive.lazy{width:100%;}.section{overflow:hidden;}.credit{font-style:italic;}.credit a,.aside .credit{color:#999;}.section.box.headlines ul.stories li{list-style-type:none;line-height:18px;margin-bottom:7px;}.location{font-weight:bold;}.bottom .notes{margin-top:15px;border-top:4px solid #656565;}.notes .note{color:#666;font-size:11px;line-height:130%;margin-top:12px;}.notes .note:last-child{margin-bottom:12px;}ul.stories{clear:both;overflow:hidden;}body.aans.view .column.main .caption-and-credit{font-size:90%;padding-right:1%;padding-left:1%;}body.aans.view .column.main .caption-and-credit a{color:#333;}body.aans.view .column.main .caption-and-credit .credit{font-style:italic;text-align:right;}body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text{background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.01);}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date{margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date::after{content:'';display:block;clear:both;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication-date{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;float:right;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication{float:left;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:600;font-style:italic;}body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-logo{background-image:none;background-color:transparent;padding:0;text-indent:0;display:inline;box-sizing:content-box;}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-logo{display:block;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50%;text-indent:-99999px;}}body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline{font-size:150%;margin-bottom:12px;font-weight:700;}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline{font-size:160%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body.aans.view .column.main h2.headline{font-size:180%;}}body.aans.view .column.main .kindofstory,body.aans.view .column.main .byline{display:block;font-size:85%;margin-bottom:10px;}body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px;}body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.picture img,body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.profile img,body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.photoessay img,body.aans.view .column.main .figure.story-header.video > .video-container{margin:1%;max-width:98%;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.506);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.506);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.506);}body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .story-footer-link p{margin-bottom:.75em;line-height:1.5;}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body.aans.view .column.main .story-body li,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .story-footer-link p{font-size:15px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body.aans.view .column.main .story-body li body.aans.view .column.main .story-body p.story-body-text,body.aans.view .column.main .story-body .story-footer-link p{font-size:17px;}}.aans.view .column.main .tags.full-border{border:1px solid #dddddd;margin-top:12px;padding:10px 15px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded{font-size:75%;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded .tags-label,.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li{float:left;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded .tags-label{padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li{display:inline-block;margin-left:15px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li > a{transition:all 0.2s;color:#333333;display:block;font-weight:500;padding:3px 10px;border:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:2px;}.aans.view .column.main .tags.rounded ul li::before{content:none;}body.aans.view .column.main .story-footer-link .publisher-url,body.aans.view .column.main .story-footer-link .source-url{font-weight:bold;}body.aans.view .column.main .copyright-notice{border-style:solid;border-color:#dddddd;border-width:1px 0;font-size:80%;padding:10px 0;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation{border-style:solid;border-color:#dddddd;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:15px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next{font-weight:600;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next .prev-next-label{margin-top:7px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next .headline{margin-bottom:7px;color:#333333;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.prev{text-align:left;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.prev i.fa{margin-right:5px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.next{text-align:right;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.next i.fa{margin-left:5px;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.active .prev-next-label{color:#c41313;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next.inactive .prev-next-label{color:#dddddd;}.aans.view .column.main .cross-story-navigation .prev-next a{display:block;}label{display:block;font-weight:bold;line-height:21px;}body > .container.footer{background:#2c2c2c url(https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/bg-footer.png) 0 0 repeat-x;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;color:#ddd;overflow:hidden;}body > .container.footer a{color:#ddd;}body > .container.footer .legal{text-align:center;}body > .container.footer .colophon,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links{margin-top:15px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links{max-width:220px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}body > .container.footer .colophon p{padding:0;margin-bottom:7px;}body > .container.footer .legal{margin-top:15px;}body > .container.footer .legal > ul,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links{list-style-type:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links li{margin-top:12px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links li:first-child{margin-top:0;}body > .container.footer .trademark{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:50px;}body > .container.footer ul.site-links > li > a{background-color:#444;display:block;-webkit-border-radius:6px;-moz-border-radius:6px;border-radius:6px;font-weight:bold;padding:5px 9px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:80%;line-height:1;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .donate{background-color:#a40a0a;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .newsletter-signup-trigger{cursor:pointer;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links ul.site-links > li > a > i.fa{display:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download{display:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect{color:#ddd;text-decoration:none;}:lang(en) body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect{font-size:20px;}:lang(fr) body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .connect{font-size:22px;}.container.bottom .spotlight-grid{margin-top:17px;}.story-navigation-arrow{display:none;}@media only screen and (min-width: 235px){.story-navigation-arrow{display:block !important;overflow:hidden;background-color:#fcfcfc;opacity:.7;transition:all 1s ease-in-out .7s;border-color:#ccc;border-style:solid;cursor:pointer;height:60px;position:fixed;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);width:190px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next{border-radius:5px 0 0 5px;border-width:1px 0 1px 1px;right:-162px;}.story-navigation-arrow .arrow{position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);}.story-navigation-arrow .arrow .icon{width:15px;height:15px;text-indent:-9999px;background-position:center center;background-size:cover;background-color:transparent;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .arrow{left:5px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .arrow .icon{background-image:url(https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/arrowhead-right.png);}.story-navigation-arrow .item{transition:opacity 1s ease-in-out 1s;opacity:1;line-height:125%;color:#333;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;height:100%;position:relative;}.story-navigation-arrow .item > .content{position:absolute;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);}.story-navigation-arrow.next .item > .content{left:28px;padding-right:8px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){.story-navigation-arrow{height:80px;width:245px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next{right:-210px;}.story-navigation-arrow .arrow .icon{width:20px;height:20px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .arrow{left:8px;}.story-navigation-arrow.next .item > .content{left:35px;padding-right:10px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 320px){body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download{display:block;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div > a{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div > a > img{width:100%;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.google-play-download > a{float:right;width:163px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{float:left;width:calc( ( 43px / 40 * 140 ) + 1px );padding:10px;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 360px){body > .container.footer .legal > ul > li{display:inline-block;}body > .container.footer .legal > ul > li:before{content:"// ";margin-left:.5em;margin-right:.5em;}body > .container.footer .legal > ul > li:first-child:before{content:"";display:none;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links{text-align:left;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links ul.site-links > li > a > i.fa{display:inline-block;margin-right:4px;width:1em;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.google-play-download > a,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{float:none;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{width:163px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div > a{margin:0 auto;}.column.aside .section.headlines h2{margin:5px 0 20px 0;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li,.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li{width:50%;float:left;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li:nth-child(even),.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li:nth-child(even){float:right;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories > li:nth-child(odd),.column.main .section.headlines.two-column ul.stories > li:nth-child(odd){clear:both;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body > .container.footer .colophon p{padding-left:51px;background:url(https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-gray.png) 0 0 no-repeat;}body > .container.footer .colophon p,body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links .site-links{padding-top:16px;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.google-play-download > a{float:right;}body > .container.footer .rss-and-site-links div.app-download > div.app-store-download > a{float:left;width:calc( ( 43px / 40 * 140 ) + 1px );}.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-a,.ad-container.gpt-ad.pixel-b{display:block;}.logo a,.utility .search{margin-bottom:0;}.column.aside{display:block;}.column.aside.flexible{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;}.column.aside div.mid-flex,.column.aside div.bottom-anchor,.column.aside .section.related-links{display:block;}.column.aside div.top-anchor > div,.column.aside div.bottom-anchor > div{overflow:hidden;}body.aans.view .column.main,body.aans.view .column.aside.flexible{min-height:1655px;}.column.aside .section.headlines h1,.column.aside .section.headlines h2{margin:0 0 14px 0;font-size:16px;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li{width:100%;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li,.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li:nth-child(even){float:none;}.column.aside .section.headlines ul.stories li:nth-child(odd){clear:none;}.column.aside.flexible .mid-flex{content:"";box-sizing:border-box;}.column.aside.flexible .top-anchor{overflow:hidden;}.column.aside.flexible .bottom-anchor{background-color:#fff;bottom:0;position:absolute;left:15px;right:15px;}.column.aside.flexible .bottom-anchor:before{background:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0);background-image:linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-moz-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient( rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,#fff 75%,#fff 100% );content:"";display:block;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-50px;height:50px;pointer-events:none;z-index:1;}} </style> <style> .container.content-area-top { background-color: #fff; } </style> <script> const ___reqID="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(/[xy]/g,function(c){var r=16*Math.random()|0,v;return("x"==c?r:3&r|8).toString(16)}); var JDEV={logging:{logToServer:function(){var logEventObject=Object.assign({_class:"info",_tag:"none",_location:location.href,_browser:navigator.userAgent,___reqID:___reqID,__time:(new Date()).toISOString()},arguments[0]);var arr=["_class","_tag"];for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){var key=arr[i];logEventObject[key]="["+logEventObject[key].toUpperCase()+"]"}var keys=Object.keys(logEventObject);keys.sort();var postData=keys.map(function(key){return encodeURIComponent(key)+"="+encodeURIComponent(logEventObject[key])}).join("&");try{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("POST","/functions/jdev-logger.json",true);xhr.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");xhr.send(postData)}catch(e){console.log(e)}}}};; window.onerror = function (message, source, line, col, error) { try{ JDEV.logging.logToServer( { _tag: 'window.onerror', message: message, source: source, line: line, col: col, error: error } ); console.error( error ); } catch (e) {} return true; } </script> <script> window._ready = window._ready || { 'push': function (el) { (_ready.q = _ready.q || []).push(el); } }; var __aaVerbose = new RegExp("(^|\\s)is-dev(\\s|$)").test( document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0].getAttribute("class") ); function logError(e){JDEV.logging.logToServer({_tag:"logError",message:e.message,stack:e.stack});if(__aaVerbose&&window["console"]&&console.error)console.error(e)} function ready(fn){function eventCallback(){try{fn()}catch(error){try{JDEV.logging.logToServer({_tag:"ready",error:error});console.error(error)}catch(e){}}}if("interactive"===document.readyState||"complete"===document.readyState)window.setTimeout(eventCallback);else if(document.addEventListener)document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",eventCallback,false);else if(document.attachEvent)document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){if("interactive"===document.readyState)eventCallback()});else try{JDEV.logging.logToServer({_tag:"ready",message:"unhandled ready condition"});console.error(error)}catch(e){}} var eventToolsQueue = []; </script> <script> var doLoadAds = true; var doLoadTracking = true; var doLoadSocial = true; var requestNonPersonalizedAds = true; </script> <script> !function(){"use strict";var t;(function(t){t.t=function(){for(var t,e,n="__tcfapiLocator",r=[],i=window;i;){try{if(i.frames[n]){t=i;break}}catch(t){}if(i===window.top)break;i=i.parent}t||(function t(){var e=i.document,r=!!i.frames[n];if(!r)if(e.body){var a=e.createElement("iframe");a.style.cssText="display:none",a.name=n,e.body.appendChild(a)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!r}(),i.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),i=0;i<t;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];if(!n.length)return r;if("setGdprApplies"===n[0])n.length>3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===n[0]){var a={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2](a)}else r.push(n)},i.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,n={};try{n=e?JSON.parse(t.data):t.data}catch(t){}var r=n.i;r&&window.__tcfapi(r.command,r.version,(function(n,i){var a={o:{returnValue:n,s:i,u:r.u}};e&&(a=JSON.stringify(a)),t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(a,"*")}),r.p)}),!1))}}(t={t:{}}),t.t)()}(); </script> <script> var clickioConsentCallback = { fired: false, consentState: 'UNSET', }; (window.__lxG__consent__= window.__lxG__consent__||{}).consentCallback = function(consentState) { // EEA user, consent interface shown, cmp loaded, user has not decided yet if ( consentState === -1 ) return; if ( clickioConsentCallback.fired ) return; clickioConsentCallback.fired = true; clickioConsentCallback.consentState = consentState; }; </script> <script async src="//clickiocmp.com/t/consent_215885.js"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5P8RKMB865', {"categories":["africa","environmen","oceans"],"gurl_command":"view","gurl_doc_id":"202411290007","gurl_doctype":"aans","gurl_publisher_key":"AllAfrica_Publisher|editorial|00010194","is_grouped":"F","is_sponsored":"F","item_age":12,"site_language":"en"}); </script> <script> // initialize FB settings var FBIsLoaded = false; window.__FBAppId = '100369188719'; </script> <script> // initialize GPT objects window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; // // initialize AdSense object // window.adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []; // // make publisher id available in downstream JS // window.googleAdClient = "ca-pub-2420009840005975"; // initialize in-house objects window.slots = {}; window.mappings = {}; </script> <script> loadjs=function(){var h=function(){},c={},u={},f={};function o(e,n){if(e){var r=f[e];if(u[e]=n,r)for(;r.length;)r[0](e,n),r.splice(0,1)}}function l(e,n){e.call&&(e={success:e}),n.length?(e.error||h)(n):(e.success||h)(e)}function d(r,t,s,i){var c,o,e=document,n=s.async,u=(s.numRetries||0)+1,f=s.before||h,l=r.replace(/[\?|#].*$/,""),a=r.replace(/^(css|img)!/,"");i=i||0,/(^css!|\.css$)/.test(l)?((o=e.createElement("link")).rel="stylesheet",o.href=a,(c="hideFocus"in o)&&o.relList&&(c=0,o.rel="preload",o.as="style")):/(^img!|\.(png|gif|jpg|svg)$)/.test(l)?(o=e.createElement("img")).src=a:((o=e.createElement("script")).src=r,o.async=void 0===n||n),!(o.onload=o.onerror=o.onbeforeload=function(e){var n=e.type[0];if(c)try{o.sheet.cssText.length||(n="e")}catch(e){18!=e.code&&(n="e")}if("e"==n){if((i+=1)<u)return d(r,t,s,i)}else if("preload"==o.rel&&"style"==o.as)return o.rel="stylesheet";t(r,n,e.defaultPrevented)})!==f(r,o)&&e.head.appendChild(o)}function r(e,n,r){var t,s;if(n&&n.trim&&(t=n),s=(t?r:n)||{},t){if(t in c)throw"LoadJS";c[t]=!0}function i(n,r){!function(e,t,n){var r,s,i=(e=e.push?e:[e]).length,c=i,o=[];for(r=function(e,n,r){if("e"==n&&o.push(e),"b"==n){if(!r)return;o.push(e)}--i||t(o)},s=0;s<c;s++)d(e[s],r,n)}(e,function(e){l(s,e),n&&l({success:n,error:r},e),o(t,e)},s)}if(s.returnPromise)return new Promise(i);i()}return r.ready=function(e,n){return function(e,r){e=e.push?e:[e];var n,t,s,i=[],c=e.length,o=c;for(n=function(e,n){n.length&&i.push(e),--o||r(i)};c--;)t=e[c],(s=u[t])?n(t,s):(f[t]=f[t]||[]).push(n)}(e,function(e){l(n,e)}),r},r.done=function(e){o(e,[])},r.reset=function(){c={},u={},f={}},r.isDefined=function(e){return e in c},r}(); </script> <script> function _wb(queryForm){function qps(params){if(0===Object.keys(params).length)return"";params._u=window.location.href;params._r=window.frames.top.document.referrer;params._n=new Number(Math.floor(9999999999*Math.random())+1);var keys=Object.keys(params);keys.sort();return"?"+keys.map(function(key){return encodeURIComponent(key)+"="+encodeURIComponent(params[key])}).join("&")}"object"==typeof queryForm&&Object.keys(queryForm).length>0&&(new Image(1,1).src="https://allafrica.com/_wb"+qps(queryForm))} </script> <script> "use strict"; function loadJSSuccessCallback (bundle) { if ( typeof( loadJSSuccessCallbacks[bundle] ) !== 'function' ) return; loadJSSuccessCallbacks[bundle](); } function fireLoadJSBundle (bundle) { if ( typeof( loadJSBundles[bundle] ) !== 'function' ) return; loadJSBundles[bundle](); } var loadJSSuccessCallbacks = { social: function () { let nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('.sticky-panel-container > .sticky-panel'); for (let i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) { let node = nodeList[i]; if ( ! isHidden( node ) ) continue; node.style.display = ''; } }, 'cmp': function () { if ( clickioConsentCallback.fired && clickioConsentCallback.consentState !== 'UNSET' ) { return triggerConsentAction({ consentState: clickioConsentCallback.consentState, }); } // end if fired (window.__lxG__consent__= window.__lxG__consent__||{}).consentCallback = function( consentState ) { // EEA user, consent interface shown, cmp loaded, user has not decided yet if ( consentState === -1 ) return; clickioConsentCallback.fired = true; clickioConsentCallback.consentState = consentState; return triggerConsentAction({ consentState: consentState, }); }; // close consentCallback }, 'analytics': function () { fireLoadJSBundle('events'); }, 'events': function () { try{initEventTools();}catch(e){logError(e);} }, 'lazyload': function () { const images = document.querySelectorAll('img.lazy'); lazyload(images,{rootMargin:"200px 0px"}); }, 'header': function(){ fireLoadJSBundle('cmp'); }, }; var loadJSBundles = { 'adsense': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'adsense' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"], 'adsense', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'adsense' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'analytics': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'analytics' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5P8RKMB865"], 'analytics', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'analytics' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'clickio': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'clickio' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://s.clickiocdn.com/t/215885/360_light.js"], 'clickio', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'clickio' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'cmp': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'cmp' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/header-cmp-functions.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/js/header-ad-functions.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'cmp', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'cmp' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'events': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'events' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/event-tools.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'events', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'events' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'gpt': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'gpt' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"], 'gpt', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'gpt' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'header': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'header' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/js/header.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'header', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'header' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'lazyload': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'lazyload' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/js/lazyload/2.0.0/lazyload.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'lazyload', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'lazyload' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'queue': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'queue' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/js/queue.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'queue', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'queue' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'social': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'social' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/facebook.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/twitter.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'social', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'social' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, 'trackers': function () { if ( loadjs.isDefined( 'trackers' ) ) return false; loadjs( ["https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/quantcast.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/js/comscore.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/cxense.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'trackers', { success: function() { loadJSSuccessCallback( 'trackers' ); }, numRetries: 3, }); }, }; </script> <title>Africa: Equitable Ocean Prediction Systems - Bridging the North-South Divide - allAfrica.com</title> <link rel="icon" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/favicon.ico"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://allafrica.com/stories/202411290007.html"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/css/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap-xxs-tn.min.css?v=2024120400" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn02.allafrica.com/static/css/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.css?v=2024120400" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/css/font-awesome/4.7.0/font-awesome.min.css?v=2024120400" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/css/screen.min.css?v=2024120400" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"> <link media="print" type="text/css" href="https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/css/print.min.css?v=2024120400" rel="stylesheet" onload="this.media='print'; this.onload=null;"> <script></script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { mappings['RightA'] = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([768,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,1050],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]).addSize([370,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([350,0], [[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,600],[300,250]]).build(); mappings['RightB'] = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([768,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]).addSize([370,0], [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([350,0], [[320,480],[300,600],[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,600],[300,250]]).build(); slots['RightA'] = googletag.defineSlot("/1001373/AllAfrica_RightA", [[336,280],[320,480],[300,1050],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]], "div-gpt-async-ad-right-a").defineSizeMapping(mappings['RightA']).addService(googletag.pubads()); slots['RightB'] = googletag.defineSlot("/1001373/AllAfrica_RightB", [[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]], "div-gpt-async-ad-right-b").defineSizeMapping(mappings['RightB']).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("Categories",["Africa","Environment","Oceans and Rivers"]).setTargeting("Command",["view"]).setTargeting("Doctype",["aans"]).setTargeting("Id",["202411290007"]).setTargeting("Index",["post"]).setTargeting("IsGrouped",["F"]).setTargeting("IsPopular",["F"]).setTargeting("IsSponsored",["F"]).setTargeting("ItemAge",["12"]).setTargeting("Language",["english"]).setTargeting("NativeEnabled",["F"]).setTargeting("PageType",["Articles"]).setTargeting("PublisherKey",["AllAfrica_Publisher|editorial|00010194"]).setTargeting("Section",["AllAfrica_NewsStory"]).setTargeting("Store",["post"]); // with disableInitialLoad(), in order to render ads we must call display(), in fetchDFPAds() and refresh(), in fireDFP() googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().setCentering(true); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script> var _qevents = _qevents || []; _qevents.push( { qacct:"p-e1eaCwfv4zVTI"} ); </script>  <script> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "13865518" }); </script>   <script> var cX = cX || {}; cX.callQueue = cX.callQueue || []; cX.callQueue.push(['setSiteId', '9222314110563703887']); cX.callQueue.push(['sendPageViewEvent']); </script>  </head> <body class="interior story aans view"> <nav id="nav-sidebar" aria-expanded="false" class="uninitialized" data-source="https://allafrica.com/includes/html/nav/sidebar-nav.html" ></nav> <style> @media screen{#nav-sidebar{width:250px;position:fixed;top:0;left:-260px;bottom:1vh;z-index:1031;transition:all 0.3s;overflow-y:auto;box-shadow:3px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}#nav-sidebar.active{left:0;}#nav-sidebar .nav-sidebar-content{background:#fff;color:#333;position:relative;padding:7px 22px 7px;min-height:100%;}#nav-sidebar .language-switch{padding-left:12px;}#nav-sidebar i.dismiss{display:block;width:35px;height:35px;color:#777;line-height:35px;text-align:center;float:right;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s;-o-transition:all 0.3s;transition:all 0.3s;}#nav-sidebar i.dismiss:active,#nav-sidebar i.dismiss:focus,#nav-sidebar i.dismiss:hover{background:#efefef;color:#333;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu{margin-top:7px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu,#nav-sidebar ul.submenu{list-style-type:none;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li.divider,#nav-sidebar ul.submenu > li.divider{height:1px;margin:9px 0;overflow:hidden;background-color:#e5e5e5;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > a,#nav-sidebar ul.submenu > li > a{padding:10px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > a{padding-left:15px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > ul.submenu > li > a{padding-left:25px;}#nav-sidebar ul.menu > li > ul.submenu > li > ul.submenu > li > a{padding-left:35px;}#nav-sidebar a{color:#777;}#nav-sidebar a,#nav-sidebar a:hover,#nav-sidebar a:focus{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:all 0.3s;display:block;}#nav-sidebar a:active,#nav-sidebar a:focus,#nav-sidebar a:hover{color:#333;background-color:#efefef;font-weight:500;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger{position:relative;color:#333;background-color:#efefef;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed{color:#777;background-color:#fff;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed:active,#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed:focus,#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed:hover{color:#333;background-color:#efefef;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger::after{display:block;position:absolute;right:20px;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;content:'\f0d7';font-family:FontAwesome;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;}#nav-sidebar a.submenu-trigger.collapsed::after{content:'\f0da';}#nav-sidebar form.search{margin-bottom:12px;}} </style> <div id="sticky-masthead-scroll-tracker"></div> <div id="sticky-masthead" class="sticky-masthead fixed-top"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <nav class="nav-corner-logo"> <div class="logo"> <div class="ar-outer"> <div class="ar-inner"> <a href="/">AllAfrica</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="top-right-button-container"> <div class="btn-group-vertical"> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn active" href="/">English <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn" href="https://fr.allafrica.com/">En Français</a> </div> <ul> <li> <a class="navbar-link nav-sidebar-toggle" href="/misc/sitemap/categories.html" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn my-account" href="/commerce/user/manage/"> <span class="sr-only">My Account</span> <i class="fa fa-user-o"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav class="nav-center-logo"> <div class="top-left-button-container"> <a class="navbar-link nav-sidebar-toggle" href="/misc/sitemap/categories.html" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> </div> <div class="logo"> <div class="ar-outer"> <div class="ar-inner"> <a href="/">AllAfrica</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="top-right-button-container"> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn my-account" href="/commerce/user/manage/"> <span class="sr-only">My Account</span> <i class="fa fa-user-o"></i> </a> <div class="btn-group language-switching"> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn active" href="/">English <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> <a class="navbar-link btn btn-sm btn-default navbar-btn" href="https://fr.allafrica.com/">En Français</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'sticky-masthead' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/sticky-masthead.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'sticky-masthead', { async: true, }); } </script> <style> body{padding-top:50px;}.sticky-masthead{background-color:#f4f4f4;position:relative;right:0;left:0;box-shadow:0 0 5px 1px #888;}.sticky-masthead.fixed-top{position:fixed;top:0;z-index:100;}.sticky-masthead .top-left-button-container{float:left;}.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container{float:right;}#sticky-masthead-scroll-tracker{position:absolute;top:6px;height:1px;width:1px;}.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > ul,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > .btn-group,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > .btn-group-vertical,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container > .navbar-btn{float:right;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo{display:none;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container .navbar-btn{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container .nav-sidebar-toggle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:3px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container > ul{list-style-type:none;float:right;display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-left:3px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .top-right-button-container > ul > li{line-height:0;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .top-right-button-container .navbar-btn.my-account{margin-left:3px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle{display:inline-block;margin-right:3px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{display:block;background-color:#333;width:20px;height:3px;border-radius:1px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:3px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-link{color:#777;}.sticky-masthead .btn:hover .navbar-link,.sticky-masthead .btn:active .navbar-link,.sticky-masthead .btn:focus .navbar-link{color:#333;font-weight:500;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{font-size:10px;padding:1px 5px;line-height:1.5;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn i.fa{line-height:inherit;display:block;}.sticky-masthead .logo{}.sticky-masthead .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;}.sticky-masthead .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo,.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{float:left;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo{width:38px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:22px;margin-left:3%;}.operamini .sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:20px;margin-left:2px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo .ar-outer,.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer{width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:100%;position:relative;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a,.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{background-image:url(https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-128x128.png);}.sticky-masthead .logo{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 235px){body{padding-top:35px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-corner-logo{display:none;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo{display:block;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 280px){.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:25%;float:left;margin-left:5%;margin-right:0;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer{padding-bottom:37.61468%;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{background-image:url(https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo.png);}}@media only screen and (min-width: 320px){.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:10%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 380px){body{padding-top:45px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:15%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 480px){body{padding-top:55px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{font-size:11px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:25%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 560px){body{padding-top:60px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{font-size:12px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{margin-left:30%;}}@media only screen and (min-width: 768px){body{padding-top:95px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn,.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar,.sticky-masthead .logo,.sticky-masthead .logo .ar-outer .ar-inner a{-webkit-transition:all .3s ease;-o-transition:all .3s ease;transition:all .3s ease;}.sticky-masthead .top-left-button-container,.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container{position:absolute;top:0;}.sticky-masthead .top-left-button-container{left:15px;}.sticky-masthead .top-right-button-container{right:15px;}.sticky-masthead .navbar-btn{padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;}.sticky-masthead.small .navbar-btn{padding:1px 5px;}.sticky-masthead.medium .navbar-btn{padding:3px 7px;}.sticky-masthead.large .navbar-btn{padding:5px 10px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:24px;height:4px;border-radius:2px;}.sticky-masthead .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:5px;}.sticky-masthead.small .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:20px;height:3px;border-radius:1px;}.sticky-masthead.small .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:3px;}.sticky-masthead.medium .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:22px;height:4px;border-radius:2px;}.sticky-masthead.medium .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:4px;}.sticky-masthead.large .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar{width:24px;height:4px;border-radius:2px;}.sticky-masthead.large .nav-sidebar-toggle .icon-bar+.icon-bar{margin-top:5px;}.sticky-masthead nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:218px;float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.sticky-masthead.small nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:130px;}.sticky-masthead.medium nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:175px;}.sticky-masthead.large nav.nav-center-logo .logo{width:218px;}} </style> <div class="container subnav"> </div> <div class="container mid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 col-sm-8 column main"> <script> ready( function () { _wb({"_t":"access","_l":"en","azr":0,"uaz":0,"uan":0}); } ); </script> <h2 class="headline">Africa: Equitable Ocean Prediction Systems - Bridging the North-South Divide</h2>  <div class="sharebar solid top a2a_kit a2a_default_style uninitialized" data-a2a-title='Equitable Ocean Prediction Systems - Bridging the North-South Divide' data-a2a-url='https://allafrica.com/stories/202411290007.html'> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> <a class="a2a_button_flipboard"></a> <a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a> <a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> </div>  <style> @media print{body.aans.view .column.main .sharebar.solid{display:none !important;}}.sharebar.solid{margin:8px 15px;min-height:calc( 24px + ( 2 * 4px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:4px 0;}@media screen and ( min-width: 768px ){.sharebar.solid{margin:12px 15px;min-height:calc( 32px + ( 2 * 7px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:7px 0;}} </style> <div class="publisher-and-date"> <div class="publication-date">28 November 2024</div> <div class="publication"> <a href="http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/" target="_blank" title="Visit Inter Press Service" data-img-src="https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/images/publishers/minibanners/ips180.jpg"> <div class="publisher-name publisher-id-00010194" data-img-src="https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/images/publishers/minibanners/ips180.jpg"> Inter Press Service </div> </a> </div> </div> <style> @media print, screen and (min-width: 480px) { body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication .publisher-logo.publisher-id-00010194 { background-image: url('https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/images/publishers/minibanners/ips180.jpg'); } } </style> <script> ready(function(){ "use strict"; // technically we only expect one node, but attachClickTracking() requires a nodeList const nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('body.aans.view .column.main .publisher-and-date .publication'); const found = nodeList.length; if (document.querySelector('html.is-dev') && found!==1) { console.error(`invalid number of elements found for publisher name/logo: ${found}`); } nodeList.forEach(node => { const container = node.querySelector('.publisher-name'); if (document.querySelector('html.is-dev') && !container) { console.error('no publisher name/logo container found'); } const imgSrc = container.dataset.imgSrc; let selectors = { 'a': 'Name' }; // load publisher mininbanner, if available if ( imgSrc ) { const bgImg = new Image; bgImg.onload = function(){ container.style.width = bgImg.width+'px'; container.style.height = bgImg.height+'px'; container.classList.add('publisher-logo'); // check whether or not we have a background image, which will // be dependent on our CSS media query const style = getComputedStyle(container); if (style.backgroundImage!=="none") selectors = { 'a': 'Logo' }; // cannot be easily consolidated with the below because this is // triggered within a callback eventToolsQueue.push(function(){ attachClickTracking( 'AANS View Publisher Header', nodeList, selectors ); }); }; bgImg.src=imgSrc; } else { eventToolsQueue.push(function(){ attachClickTracking( 'AANS View Publisher Header', nodeList, selectors ); }); } }); }); </script> <cite class="byline">By Mathieu Belbéoch and Emma Heslop</cite> <div class="story-body"> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="49">At their recent Leaders' Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the G20 committed to support developing countries in responding to global crises and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To meet that pledge, the world's leading economies need to enhance global collaboration and investment in ocean prediction systems and technology.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="35">As we highlight in the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (UNESCO-IOC) 2024 State of the Ocean Report, this is key to both addressing climate change and closing the gaps currently hindering progress towards multiple SDGs.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="24">Strengthening the capacity of under-resourced countries to improve ocean observing and forecasting is imperative to protect people from the impacts of a changing ocean.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="70">Sea level is rising and will accelerate in the future, driven by unprecedented ocean warming and melting glaciers, including the Greenland and West Antarctica ice sheets. Not only do we need climate action, but--with the ocean containing 40 times as much carbon as the atmosphere--we need to increase our understanding of how proposed climate solutions will interact with the ocean's carbon cycle and ecosystems, and the resulting risks and benefits.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="49">In fact, observations and forecasts of the ocean's physical, chemical and biological changes should be at the root of all sustainable development decision-making. Fortunately, new technologies and networks mean our capacity for monitoring and prediction is growing, but not fast enough and not in all parts of the ocean.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="56">After four decades of investment, ocean prediction systems have matured and can now provide accurate forecasts. However, persistent gaps remain, both spatially--particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, polar regions, and island nations--and thematically in critical application areas where more ocean data is needed to advance our prediction of extreme weather, coastal hazards, marine biodiversity, and ocean health.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="38">There is an increasingly urgent need to fill in these missing links to allow us to adapt to changes, predict and manage risk, develop accurate future climate scenarios, and accelerate sustainable blue economic growth--including clean ocean energy technologies.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="37">To date, the Global Ocean Observing System comprises more than 8,000 observing platforms, operated by 84 countries through16 global networks and many biological and ecological observing programmes, and delivering more than 120,000 observations into operational systems daily.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="53">However, to address global challenges and inequalities, spatial and temporal ocean observation gaps must be addressed, particularly those related to the inter-connected triple planetary crises of climate, biodiversity and pollution. That will require recognition of the Global Ocean Observing System as a critical infrastructure and greater cooperation to align data reporting and access.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="50">Free and open data access must be assured as a prerequisite for equitable global sharing of data and information. Supporting this will help G20 States to reduce asymmetries in science, technology, and innovation; one of the inequalities the Leaders' Summit declared to be at the root of all global challenges.</p> <div id="in-article-p-mid"></div> <div id="aans-body-mid"></div> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="73">To improve data access and interoperability, worldwide efforts coordinated by the <a href="https://iode.org/" target="_blank">International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE)</a> have established a network of 101 data centres in 68 countries. Further expansion of this integrated IOC Data Architecture, including the development of UNESCO-IOC's Ocean InfoHub Project and new Ocean Data and Information System (ODIS), will create a more unified data delivery infrastructure and continue to support information accessibility as part of action under SDG14.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="52">It is extremely concerning that, despite technological advances, a combination of inflation and flat national funding means that there has been no significant growth in ocean observations in the last five years. One area that demands urgent attention is the enhancement of global, regional and coastal observing and forecasting capabilities for biogeochemistry.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="39">Although there has been investment in biogeochemical sensors, they still represent a small fraction of the observing system; for example, only 7.5% of the current system measures dissolved oxygen and this figure drops even further for other biogeochemical variables.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="24">To provide the baseline information needed to track ocean carbon and oxygen levels, we need a significant increase in both biological and biogeochemical observations.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="62">Another missing piece of the puzzle is the 75% of the ocean floor that remains unmapped. New technologies and partnerships are mobilizing and 5.4 million km2 of new data have been obtained since 2022, but there is still a long way to go. Greater global efforts to expand our knowledge of the seafloor are essential and must be spread across both hemispheres.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="70">A primary driver of the North-South disparity in ocean prediction is the need for extensive supercomputing infrastructure. New forecasting systems using AI models promise to reduce this imbalance. With these data-driven systems, a ten-day forecast can be computed in less than a minute, and there is potential for AI-based forecasts to enlarge the limits of predictability up to 60 days. This would help safeguard coastal cities and build climate resilience.</p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="newsletter-signup inread collapse w-background w-background-color blue" aria-expanded="false" data-campaign="Newsletter Signup InRead English v1" > <div class="inread-container"> <div class="row header"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <button type="button" class="close tracked" data-target=".newsletter-signup.inread.collapse.w-background.w-background-color.blue" data-toggle="collapse" data-event-label="Clicked X" aria-label="Close" > <i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Close</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row body"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <img class="logo img-responsive" src="https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-128x128.png" /> <div class="cta"> <h4 class="cta-title">Sign up for free AllAfrica Newsletters</h4> <p class="cta-text">Get the latest in African news delivered straight to your inbox</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row newsletter-signup-form-container"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <form role="form" method="post" action="#" class="newsletter-signup-form"> <div class="mailings-selector"> <div class="mailings"> <input type="hidden" name="mailings[type]" value="user-selected"> <label class="checkbox-inline"><input type="checkbox" class="tracked" data-event-label="Clicked Checkbox" checked name="mailings[values][]" value="latest:en">Top Headlines</label><label class="checkbox-inline"><input type="checkbox" class="tracked" data-event-label="Clicked Checkbox" checked name="mailings[values][]" value="africa:en">Africa</label><label class="checkbox-inline"><input type="checkbox" class="tracked" data-event-label="Clicked Checkbox" checked name="mailings[values][]" value="environment:en">Environment</label><label class="checkbox-inline"><input type="checkbox" class="tracked" data-event-label="Clicked Checkbox" checked name="mailings[values][]" value="oceans:en">Oceans</label> </div> </div> <div class="subscriber-info input-group input-group-sm" for="email"> <input type="email" class="form-control" name="email" placeholder="someone@example.com" required maxlength="128"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-sign-up tracked" data-event-label="Submitted Form" data-enabled-text="Submit" data-disabled-text="Sending..." > Submit </button> </span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="campaign" value="Newsletter Signup InRead English v1"> <input type="hidden" name="_type" value="newsletter-signup"> <input type="hidden" name="_time" value="1733904541" /> <input type="hidden" name="_uuid" value="AAAAFVNhbHRlZF9f1dbXuqfsnK2ifCRXmIO/q9ElNUfE7UBdBsOCSGScplIC0Vcr71X1deT9NOc8RZrRfVpbgJo1jSI=" /> </form> <p class="privacy-notice">By submitting above, you agree to <a href="/misc/info/privacy.html" class="tracked" data-event-label="Clicked Privacy" target="_blank">our privacy policy</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row messages"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <div class="message success alert alert-success" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-check-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Success! </h4> <p>Almost finished...</p><p>We need to confirm your email address.</p><p>To complete the process, please follow the instructions in the email we just sent you.</p> </div> <div class="message error returned-error alert alert-danger" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Error! </h4> <div class="returned-errors"></div> </div> <div class="message error generic-error alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Error! </h4> <p>There was a problem processing your submission. Please try again later.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'newsletter-signup-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/jquery.serialize-object.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/newsletter-signup.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/css/newsletter-signup.min.css?v=2024120400"], 'newsletter-signup-assets', { async: true, }); } // the newsletter widget calls storageAllowed(), which is imported with // the cmp bundle. passing an array of bundle names to loadjs triggers // the callback only after all of the listed bundles have fired. loadjs.ready( [ 'cmp', 'js-cookie', 'events', 'newsletter-signup-assets' ], function() { $('.newsletter-signup.inread.collapse.w-background.w-background-color.blue').newsletterInRead({ maxShowCount: 10, maxCloseCount: 3, maxSuccessCount: 1, }); }); }); </script> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="57">The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021-2030 is a chance to mobilize transformative changes in ocean forecasting by developing a new framework for ocean prediction and capitalizing on key opportunities, including leveraging the advent of AI. This work has already begun, but too many communities are still not benefiting from sophisticated coastal forecasting.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="70">We call on G20 leaders to prioritize ocean observation, data management and prediction as they take action to meet their commitment to the SDGs and global challenges. Global cooperation and investment in prediction technology and equitable access to ocean data will bring multiple, long-term benefits to millions of people across the world. It's time to bridge the North-South divide and advance equitable ocean prediction for a safer, more sustainable future.</p> <p class="story-body-text" data-para-word-count="13"><em><strong>Mathieu Belbéoch</strong>, World Meteorological Organization, OceanOPS; <strong>Emma Heslop</strong>, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO.</em></p> <div id="aans-body-end"></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="story-footer-link"> <p><em>Read the <a class="source-url" href="https://www.ipsnews.net/2024/11/equitable-ocean-prediction-systems-bridging-north-south-divide/" target="_blank"><strong>original article</strong></a> on <a class="publisher-url" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/" title="Visit IPS" target="_blank"><strong>IPS</strong></a>.</em></p> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div id="in-article-bottom"></div> </div> <div class="row uninitialized" id="more-on-this-carousel"></div> <script> "use strict"; _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! ( 'IntersectionObserver' in window ) ) return; let carouselObserver = new IntersectionObserver( function ( entries, self ) { entries.forEach(entry => { if (!entry.isIntersecting) return; if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'owl-carousel-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/css/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.css?v=2024120400","https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/css/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.theme.default.min.css?v=2024120400","https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/css/carousels-screen.min.css?v=2024120400"], 'owl-carousel-assets', { async: true, }); } if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'more-on-this-carousel-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/main/more-on-this-carousel.js?v=2024120400"], 'more-on-this-carousel-assets', { async: true, }); } loadjs.ready( 'more-on-this-carousel-assets', function() { $( entry.target ).moreOnThisCarousel( {"url":"https://allafrica.com/includes/html/main/more-on-this-carousel.html","doc_key":"AllAfrica_NewsStory|post|202411290007"} ); self.unobserve( entry.target ); }); }); }, { rootMargin: "200px 0px" } ); const carousel = document.getElementById('more-on-this-carousel'); carouselObserver.observe(carousel) }); </script> <div class="tags rounded full-border" data-click-event-action='AANS View Tags Between'> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <span class="tags-label">Tagged:</span> <ul> <li><a href="/africa/">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/oceans/">Oceans</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="sharebar solid bottom a2a_kit a2a_default_style uninitialized" data-a2a-title='Equitable Ocean Prediction Systems - Bridging the North-South Divide' data-a2a-url='https://allafrica.com/stories/202411290007.html'> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> <a class="a2a_button_flipboard"></a> <a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a> <a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> </div>  <style> @media print{body.aans.view .column.main .sharebar.solid{display:none !important;}}.sharebar.solid{margin:8px 15px;min-height:calc( 24px + ( 2 * 4px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:4px 0;}@media screen and ( min-width: 768px ){.sharebar.solid{margin:12px 15px;min-height:calc( 32px + ( 2 * 7px ) );}.sharebar.solid a{margin:7px 0;}} </style> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <div class="copyright-notice"> <a href="https://allafrica.com/misc/info/copyright.html">Copyright</a> © 2024 <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/">Inter Press Service</a>. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media (<a href="/">allAfrica.com</a>). To contact the copyright holder directly for corrections — or for permission to republish or make other authorized use of this material, <a href="https://allafrica.com/view/publisher/editorial/editorial/id/00010194.html">click here.</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-tn-12 col-sm-4 column aside flexible"> <div id="right-top-anchor" class="top-anchor"> <div id="right-a-container" class="outer-ad-container gpt-outer-ad-container gpt-right-outer-ad-container right-a-container" style="display:none;">  <div id="div-gpt-async-ad-right-a" data-dfp-ad-unit="RightA" data-dfp-network="1001373" data-dfp-sizes="[[336,280],[320,480],[300,1050],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]" class="ad-container gpt-ad right-ad gpt-right-ad right-a inactive"> </div>  </div> <div id="top-headlines-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/category-headlines.min.js?v=2024120400"]' data-category='africa' data-rows='16' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/category-headlines.html'></div> <div id="sponsored-headlines-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/category-sponsored-headlines.min.js?v=2024120400"]' data-category='africa' data-sponsored_type='section' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/category-sponsored-headlines.html'></div> </div> <div id="right-mid-flex" class="mid-flex"> <div id="tf-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn06.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/tf.min.js?v=2024120400"]' data-category='africa' data-max_photos='25' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/category-tf.html' style="display:none;"></div> </div> <div id="right-bottom-anchor" class="bottom-anchor"> <div id="right-b-container" class="outer-ad-container gpt-outer-ad-container gpt-right-outer-ad-container right-b-container" style="display:none;">  <div id="div-gpt-async-ad-right-b" data-dfp-ad-unit="RightB" data-dfp-network="1001373" data-dfp-sizes="[[336,280],[320,480],[300,600],[300,250],[160,600],[120,600]]" class="ad-container gpt-ad right-ad gpt-right-ad right-b inactive"> </div>  </div> <div id="publisher-headlines-container" class="uninitialized" data-assets='["https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/aside/publisher-headlines.min.js?v=2024120400"]' data-more_link='0' data-publisher_key='AllAfrica_Publisher|editorial|00010194' data-rows='16' data-show_slug='1' data-url='https://allafrica.com/includes/html/aside/publisher-headlines.html'></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container bottom"> <div class="row uninitialized" id="footer-most-read"></div> <script> "use strict"; _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! ( 'IntersectionObserver' in window ) ) return; let mostReadObserver = new IntersectionObserver( function ( entries, self ) { entries.forEach(entry => { if (!entry.isIntersecting) return; if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'owl-carousel-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/css/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.css?v=2024120400","https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/css/jquery/owl-carousel/2.3.4/owl.theme.default.min.css?v=2024120400","https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/css/carousels-screen.min.css?v=2024120400"], 'owl-carousel-assets', { async: true, }); } if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'footer-most-read-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn03.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/footer/most-read.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'footer-most-read-assets', { async: true, }); } loadjs.ready( 'footer-most-read-assets', function() { $( entry.target ).footerMostRead( {"url":"https://allafrica.com/includes/html/footer/most-read.html"} ); }); self.unobserve( entry.target ); }); }, { rootMargin: "200px 0px" } ); const element = document.getElementById('footer-most-read'); mostReadObserver.observe(element) }); </script> <div class="uninitialized" id="footer-trending-tf"></div> <script> "use strict"; _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! ( 'IntersectionObserver' in window ) ) return; let trendingTFObserver = new IntersectionObserver( function ( entries, self ) { entries.forEach(entry => { if (!entry.isIntersecting) return; if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'footer-trending-tf-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn04.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/footer/trending-tf.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'footer-trending-tf-assets', { async: true, }); } loadjs.ready( 'footer-trending-tf-assets', function() { $( entry.target ).footerTrendingTF( {"url":"https://allafrica.com/includes/html/footer/trending-tf.html"} ); }); self.unobserve( entry.target ); }); }, { rootMargin: "200px 0px" } ); const element = document.getElementById('footer-trending-tf'); trendingTFObserver.observe(element) }); </script> <div class="row no-gutter spotlight-grid uninitialized" id="footer-spotlight-grid"></div> <script> "use strict"; _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! ( 'IntersectionObserver' in window ) ) return; let spotlightGridObserver = new IntersectionObserver( function ( entries, self ) { entries.forEach(entry => { if (!entry.isIntersecting) return; if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'spotlight-grid-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/includes/spotlight-grid.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'spotlight-grid-assets', { async: true, }); } loadjs.ready( 'spotlight-grid-assets', function() { $( entry.target ).spotlightGrid( {"supplement":["mining","terrorism","nepad","refugees","pregnancy","polio","gameparks","bookreviews","travel","debt","investment","migration","corruption","energy","banking","currencies","ngo","education","company","manufacturing","externalrelations","aids","climate","olympics","labour","ecotourism","agoa","agribusiness","urbanissues","religion","soccer","sustainable","environment","trade","nutrition","capitalflows","petroleum","women","land","oceans","health","humanrights","europeandafrica","latinamericaandafrica","water","armsandarmies","tuberculosis","sport","children","science","business","ict","privatization","usafrica","construction","media","arts","musicreviews","coronavirus","wildlife","ncds","middleeastandafrica","stockmarkets","asiaaustraliaandafrica","legalaffairs","governance","innovation","books","malaria","conflict","ebola","infrastructure","peacekeeping","commodities","agriculture","athletics","aid","music","transport","worldcup","io"],"sent":[],"url":"https://allafrica.com/includes/html/partials/spotlight-grid-cell.html"} ); }); self.unobserve( entry.target ); }); }, { rootMargin: "200px 0px" } ); const element = document.getElementById('footer-spotlight-grid'); spotlightGridObserver.observe(element) }); </script> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <div class="notes"> <p class="note aggregation">AllAfrica publishes around 600 reports a day from more than <a href="/list/publisher/editorial/editorial/type/pub.html">100 news organizations</a> and over <a href="/list/publisher/editorial/editorial/type/reg.html">500 other institutions and individuals</a>, representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct.</p> <p class="note original">Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are <a href="/inhouse/">produced or commissioned by AllAfrica</a>. To address comments or complaints, please <a href="/misc/forms/general.html">Contact us</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container footer" id="standard-footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 col-xs-6 col-sm-7 colophon"> <p> AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa - aggregating, producing and distributing 600 news and information items daily from over 100 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC. </p> </div> <div class="col-tn-12 col-xs-6 col-sm-5"> <div class="rss-and-site-links"> <ul class="site-links click-tracking" data-click-event-action="Footer Site Links" > <li> <a href="/commerce/contribute/" class="donate tracked" data-click-event-label="Donate" >Support our work</a> </li> <li> <a class="newsletter-signup-trigger tracked" style="display:none;" data-toggle="modal" data-target=".newsletter-signup.modal.footer-and-connect-button-target" data-click-event-label="Newsletter Signup" > <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Sign up for our newsletter </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://partners.allafrica.com/" class="external for-advertisers tracked" data-click-event-label="For Advertisers" >For Advertisers</a> </li> <li> <a class="subscribe tracked" href="/misc/info/subscribe/" data-click-event-label="Subscribe" >Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> <div class="click-tracking connect" data-click-event-action="Footer Connect Widget" > <a data-click-event-label="Facebook" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://www.facebook.com/allafrica" title="Follow us on Facebook" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="Twitter" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://twitter.com/allafrica" title="Follow us on Twitter" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-twitter-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="Telegram" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://t.me/allafrica" title="Join us on Telegram" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-telegram" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="LinkedIn" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/allafrica/" title="Follow us on Linkedin" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="WhatsApp" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaIdDi8Bqbr263erhw1K" title="Follow us on WhatsApp" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-whatsapp" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a data-click-event-label="RSS" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; width: calc( 100% / 6 );" href="https://allafrica.com/misc/tools/rss.html" title="Subscribe to AllAfrica via RSS" class="tracked" > <i class="fa fa-rss-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> <div class="app-download row no-gutter"> <div class="google-play-download col-tn-6 col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <a class="external" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.allafrica.app"> <img alt="Get it on Google Play" src="https://play.google.com/intl/en_us/badges/static/images/badges/en_badge_web_generic.png" /> </a> </div> <div class="app-store-download col-tn-6 col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <a class="external" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/allafrica/id1571102510?itsct=apps_box_badge&itscg=30200"> <img src="https://tools.applemediaservices.com/api/badges/download-on-the-app-store/black/en-us?size=250x83&releaseDate=1624233600&h=f04eb423ff27f558a97f439f3a3cd400" alt="Download on the App Store"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 legal"> <ul> <li class="copy"><a href="/misc/info/copyright.html">© 2024 AllAfrica</a></li> <li class="privacy"><a href="/misc/info/privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="contact"><a href="/misc/forms/general.html">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-tn-12 trademark"> AllAfrica - All the Time </div> </div> </div> <div class="newsletter-signup modal fade footer-and-connect-button-target" role="dialog" aria-expanded="false" data-campaign="Newsletter Signup Footer Button English v1" data-trigger=".container.footer .rss-and-site-links .newsletter-signup-trigger, .column.aside .section.connect .newsletter-signup-trigger" > <div class="modal-dialog">  <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="row header"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <button type="button" class="close tracked" data-dismiss="modal" data-event-label="Clicked X" aria-label="Close" > <i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Close</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row body"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <img class="logo img-responsive" src="https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/aa-logo-rgba-no-text-128x128.png" /> <div class="cta"> <h4 class="cta-title">Sign up for free AllAfrica Newsletters</h4> <p class="cta-text">Get the latest in African news delivered straight to your inbox</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row newsletter-signup-form-container"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <form role="form" method="post" action="#" class="newsletter-signup-form"> <div class="mailings-selector"> <div class="mailings"> <input type="hidden" name="mailings[type]" value="hidden"> <input type="hidden" name="mailings[values][]" value="latest:en"> </div> </div> <div class="subscriber-info input-group input-group-sm" for="email"> <input type="email" class="form-control" name="email" placeholder="someone@example.com" required maxlength="128"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-sign-up tracked" data-event-label="Submitted Form" data-enabled-text="Submit" data-disabled-text="Sending..." > Submit </button> </span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="campaign" value="Newsletter Signup Footer Button English v1"> <input type="hidden" name="_type" value="newsletter-signup"> <input type="hidden" name="_time" value="1733904541" /> <input type="hidden" name="_uuid" value="AAAAFVNhbHRlZF9fLO25/ku9b02n4cN2ZsrY2DHi9dCYnGV7GOslJ0rJ8H+AKRqPigWL8lHgqWIUMAiXJ6nmVxNfG4w=" /> </form> <p class="privacy-notice">By submitting above, you agree to <a href="/misc/info/privacy.html" class="tracked" data-event-label="Clicked Privacy" target="_blank">our privacy policy</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row messages"> <div class="col-tn-12"> <div class="message success alert alert-success" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-check-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Success! </h4> <p>Almost finished...</p><p>We need to confirm your email address.</p><p>To complete the process, please follow the instructions in the email we just sent you.</p> </div> <div class="message error returned-error alert alert-danger" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Error! </h4> <div class="returned-errors"></div> </div> <div class="message error generic-error alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="display:none;"> <h4> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Error! </h4> <p>There was a problem processing your submission. Please try again later.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> _ready.push(function($) { if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'newsletter-signup-assets' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/jquery.serialize-object.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/newsletter-signup.min.js?v=2024120400","https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/css/newsletter-signup.min.css?v=2024120400"], 'newsletter-signup-assets', { async: true, }); } // the newsletter widget calls storageAllowed(), which is imported with // the cmp bundle. passing an array of bundle names to loadjs triggers // the callback only after all of the listed bundles have fired. loadjs.ready( [ 'cmp', 'js-cookie', 'events', 'newsletter-signup-assets' ], function() { $('.newsletter-signup.modal.fade.footer-and-connect-button-target').newsletterModal({ maxShowCount: 10, maxCloseCount: 3, maxSuccessCount: 1, }); }); }); </script> <script> _ready.push( function($) { prepareExternalLinks(); }); </script> <style> .section.headlines.spotlight-box ul.stories > li .source, .section.box.headlines ul.stories > li .source, .column.main .section.date-browse ul.stories > li .source { margin-left: .5em; white-space: nowrap; } ul.stories > li > a .more { font-weight: bold; margin-left: 7px; font-size: 110%; line-height: 150%; } .section.top-news ul.stories > li .summary { margin: 8px 0; } </style> <style> ul.stories > li > a.premium-post-item { background-color: #F3F3F3; } ul.stories > li > a.premium-post-item:hover { background-color: #F0F0F0; } ul.stories > li a.premium-post-flag { padding: 0 !important; } ul.stories > li .premium-post-flag { width: 22px; height: 22px; } .section.box.headlines ul.stories > li span.premium-post-flag { width: 20px; height: 20px; } ul.stories > li .premium-post-flag { float: right; margin-left: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; background-color: transparent; } ul.stories > li .premium-post-flag .sprite { background-image: url('https://cdn09.allafrica.com/static/images/structure/sponsored-sprites.png'); background-position: 0 0; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 0 !important; background-size: cover; } ul.stories > li a.premium-post-flag { margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; } .section.box.headlines ul.stories > li span.premium-post-flag { margin-top: 2px; margin-right: -5px; } </style> <noscript> <div style="display: none;"> <img src="https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-e1eaCwfv4zVTI.gif" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/> </div> </noscript>  <noscript> <img src="https://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=13865518&cv=2.0&cj=1" alt="" /> </noscript>   <div id="cX-root" style="display:none"></div>  <div id="pixel-container"> </div> <script> ready( function () { _wb({"dt":"aans","pi":"00010194","ds":"post","di":"202411290007","c":["africa","environment","oceans"],"_l":"en","_t":"read"}); } ); </script> <script> function my_addtoany_onready() { a2a.init(); $('.sharebar.solid.uninitialized').removeClass('uninitialized'); _ready.push(function() { var $parents = $('body.view .column.main .sharebar.solid.top, body.view .column.main .sharebar.solid.bottom'); $parents.each(function(i, el) { var $body = $('body'), $parent = $(el), $children = $parent.find( '> a' ), eventAction = 'Share Bar' selectors = {}; if ( $body.hasClass('.aans.view') ) { eventAction = 'AANS View ' + eventAction; } else if ( $body.hasClass('.topical-focus.view') ) { eventAction = 'Group View ' + eventAction; } else if ( $body.hasClass('.resources.view') ) { eventAction = 'Resource View ' + eventAction; } if ( $parent.hasClass( 'top' ) ) { eventAction += ' Top'; } else if ( $parent.hasClass( 'bottom' ) ) { eventAction += ' Bottom'; } $children.each(function(j, el) { var $child = $(el), childClasses = new String( $child.attr( 'class' ) || '' ).split( ' ' ), service, selectorClass; if ( ! childClasses.length ) return true; // continue $.each( childClasses, function(k, childClass){ if ( childClass.match( /^a2a_button_/ ) ) { selectorClass = 'a.' + childClass; service = childClass.replace( /^a2a_button_/, '' ); return false; // break } else if ( childClass === 'a2a_dd' ) { selectorClass = 'a.' + childClass; service = 'More Button'; return false; // break } }); if ( ! service ) return true; // continue if ( service === 'linkedin' ) service = 'LinkedIn' ; if ( service === 'whatsapp' ) service = 'WhatsApp'; if ( service === 'telegram' ) service = 'Telegram'; service = service.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + service.slice(1); selectors[selectorClass] = service; }); if ( $.isEmptyObject( selectors ) ) return true; // continue const nodeList = $parent.get(); attachClickTracking( eventAction, nodeList, selectors ); }); }); } var a2a_config = a2a_config || {}; a2a_config.templates = a2a_config.templates || {}; a2a_config.callbacks = a2a_config.callbacks || []; a2a_config.callbacks.push({ ready: my_addtoany_onready, }); a2a_config.onclick = 1; a2a_config.orientation = 'up'; a2a_config.prioritize = ["facebook","twitter","whatsapp","flipboard","linkedin","reddit","telegram","delicious","stumbleupon"]; a2a_config.locale = "en"; a2a_config.templates.twitter = { via: 'allafrica', }; window.loadA2A = function () { var a2aHeight = 24; if ( $(document).width() >= 768 ) { a2aHeight = 32; } $('div.a2a_kit').addClass('a2a_kit_size_' + a2aHeight); var a = document.createElement('script'); a.type = 'text/javascript'; a.async = true; a.src = '//static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(a, s); }; </script> <script> ready(function(){ fireLoadJSBundle('header'); }); ready(function(){ if ( ! loadjs.isDefined( 'js-cookie' ) ) { loadjs( ["https://cdn08.allafrica.com/static/js/js-cookie/3.0.1/js.cookie.min.js?v=2024120400"], 'js-cookie', { async: true, }); } }); </script> <script src="https://cdn07.allafrica.com/static/js/jquery/jquery-1.9.1.min.js?v=2024120400"></script> <script src="https://cdn05.allafrica.com/static/js/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.js?v=2024120400"></script> <script src="https://cdn01.allafrica.com/static/js/application.min.js?v=2024120400"></script> </body> </html>