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Ammar Saboh/ICRC" /> </div> <div class="title"> <a href="/en/report/2024-icrc-report-ihl-challenges">2024 ICRC report on IHL and the challenges of contemporary armed conflicts</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-img"> <div class="media"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-10/thubnail-banner-Geneva-conventions-75-aniversary-respect-rules-or-war.jpg.webp?itok=c5o4G4BY" width="320" height="180" alt="Geneva conventions 75 anniversary respect rules or war" title="Geneva conventions 75 anniversary respect rules or war" /> </div> <div class="title"> <a href="/en/rulesofwar">RESPECT THE RULES OF WAR: Protect humanity during armed conflicts</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="fake-link" href="#"></a> </div> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/we-are-international-committee-red-cross-icrc" data-ga-slug="who-we-are" role="button" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300017">Who we are</a> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="main-menu-container"> <div class="left-col"> <div class="text-box"> <div class="title-mobile">Who we are</div> <h2 class="title-drop"> We are the International Committee of the Red Cross </h2> <p class="text"> Neutral, impartial, and independent. 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Photographer: Thang Khan Sian Khai" title="ICRC working with the Myanmar Red Cross Society to support people displaced by violence" /> </div> <div class="title"> <a href="/en/what-we-do/protection">Protection: Upholding the rights of people in conflict</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-img"> <div class="media"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/home_carousel_slide/image/2-rfl-gaza_1.jpg.webp?itok=JoAn5wzV" width="320" height="180" alt="" /> </div> <div class="title"> <a href="/en/what-we-do/reconnecting-families">Reconnecting families: Preventing separation, searching for the missing, reunit…</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-img"> <div class="media"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/document_new/image/detention_prisoners_icrc_action_0.jpg.webp?itok=TpAQDvTQ" width="320" height="180" alt="" /> </div> <div class="title"> <a href="/en/what-we-do/helping-detainees">Helping detainees: Protecting and assisting people deprived of their liberty</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="fake-link" href="#"></a> </div> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/where-we-work" data-ga-slug="where-we-work" role="button" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300218">Where we work</a> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="main-menu-container"> <div class="left-col"> <div class="text-box"> <div class="title-mobile">Where we work</div> <h2 class="title-drop"> Explore our global reach </h2> <p class="text"> We have offices in over 90 countries around the world, providing assistance and protection to people affected by conflict. </p> <div class="btn-wrap btn-w-secondary-accent"> <a href="/en/where-we-work">ICRC around the world</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right-col"> <h3 class="title-box">Key operations</h3> <ul class="items"> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/israel-and-occupied-territories">Israel and the occupied territories</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/lebanon">Lebanon</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/myanmar">Myanmar</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/sudan">Sudan</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/syria">Syria</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/ukraine">Ukraine</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="item"> <div class="card-link"> <div class="title"><a href="/en/where-we-work/yemen">Yemen</a></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="fake-link" href="#"></a> </div> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy" data-ga-slug="law-policy" role="button" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300062" class="is-active">Law & Policy</a> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="main-menu-container"> <div class="left-col"> <div class="text-box"> <div class="title-mobile">Law & Policy</div> <h2 class="title-drop"> Law & Policy </h2> <p class="text"> Gain insights into the ICRC's role in developing and promoting international humanitarian law and policy. </p> <div class="btn-wrap btn-w-secondary-accent"> <a href="/en/law-and-policy">Discover more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right-col"> <ul class="items"> <li class="item"> <div class="card-text"> <div class="title"> <a href="/en/geneva-conventions-and-law">Geneva Conventions and the law</a> </div> <div class="txt"> Even wars have rules. 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class="header-top-search-holder"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="header-top-search-container"></div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="block-icrc-theme-tabs"> </div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <main tabindex="-1" id="mainContent"> <div class="page main"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="page-head bg-beige content-type-head is-visual"> <div class="icrc-container"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="You are here"> <ol> <li>Law & Policy</li> </ol> </nav> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "name": "Law & Policy", "itemListElement": [ ] } </script> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h1>Law and Policy</h1> </div> <div class="description"> <div class="ck-text"><p>International humanitarian law is a set of rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-type-visual"> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_full_lg/public/2024-02/V-P-SS-E-01374.JPG.webp?itok=d7V67JAg 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="2048" height="736"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_full/public/2024-02/V-P-SS-E-01374.JPG.webp?itok=hELI7Ed6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1280" height="736"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_full/public/2024-02/V-P-SS-E-01374.JPG.webp?itok=cRV-wh9s 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="768" height="440"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-02/V-P-SS-E-01374.JPG.webp?itok=rGB8qAvj 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_full/public/2024-02/V-P-SS-E-01374.JPG.webp?itok=hELI7Ed6" width="1280" height="736" alt="The ICRC flag whips in the wind on the river Nile." title="The ICRC flag whips in the wind on the river Nile. Mackenzie KNOWLES-COURSIN/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> <div class="content-type-visual-content"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="content-type-frame"> <div class="col"> <ul class="content-type-list"> <li> <a href="/en/advisory-service-international-review-and-other-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300128">Advisory Service, International Review and other resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/geneva-conventions-and-law" title="International humanitarian law is based on treaties, in particular the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols." data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300063">Geneva Conventions and the law</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <ul class="content-type-list"> <li> <a href="/en/topics-and-debates" title="The ICRC engages in various law and policy areas to enhance protection and aid for those impacted by armed conflict and other forms of violence." data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300072">Topics, debates and disarmament</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="text1768530" class="text-module"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="text-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3"> <div class="title"> <h2>Limiting the effects of armed conflict</h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9"> <div class="ck-text"><p>International humanitarian law is a set of rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict. It protects people who are not or are no longer participating in hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. The ICRC’s policy and diplomatic engagement complements the law. It addresses challenges to principled humanitarian action, informs operational practice and mobilizes support for people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="banner-highlight1770112" class="banner-highlight"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="title-module"> <h2>The rules of war</h2> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="media"> <div class="video-container"><iframe src="https://www.icrc.org/en/media/oembed?url=https%3A//www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DSCB2bJHjO54&max_width=964&max_height=554&hash=Pbdo_2rzjcTKYSzZ72NeKYGNlKBmUmAp_5a0i3o6Suc" frameborder="0" allowtransparency width="964" height="554" class="media-oembed-content" loading="lazy" title="Geneva Conventions: The set of rules we all agree on | ICRC"></iframe> </div> </div> <div class="info"> <h3 class="h2"> Geneva Conventions: The set of rules we all agree on </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="manual-highlight940913" class="manual-highlight-module"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="title-module"> <h2> Highlights </h2> </div> <div class="manual-highlight-content"> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/geneva-conventions-and-law "> Geneva Conventions and the law </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/geneva-conventions-and-law "> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_3/public/document/image/geneva_conventions.jpg.webp?itok=1ntFd_jU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="390" height="224"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/document/image/geneva_conventions.jpg.webp?itok=J6Zdvdu3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/document/image/geneva_conventions.jpg.webp?itok=J6Zdvdu3 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_3/public/document/image/geneva_conventions.jpg.webp?itok=1ntFd_jU" width="390" height="224" alt="ICRC car next to buildings that have been destroyed by conflict " title="An ICRC vehicle next to buildings that have been destroyed by armed conflict. ICRC" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/document/rules-war-nutshell "> The rules of war in a nutshell </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/document/rules-war-nutshell "> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_3/public/topic-theme/banner_list/rules_of_war_0.jpg.webp?itok=M-L3aHKd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="390" height="224"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic-theme/banner_list/rules_of_war_0.jpg.webp?itok=7Uwusv3p 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic-theme/banner_list/rules_of_war_0.jpg.webp?itok=7Uwusv3p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_3/public/topic-theme/banner_list/rules_of_war_0.jpg.webp?itok=M-L3aHKd" width="390" height="224" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="link-banner1775507" class="link-banner-module"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="holder"> <div class="text-box"> <h2> Humanitarian Law & Policy Blog </h2> <p>Follow the Humanitarian Law & Policy Blog for timely analysis and debate on IHL issues.</p> </div> <div class="btn-box"> <div class="btn-wrap btn-w-accent"> <a href="https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/">Read now</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="text940902" class="text-module"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="text-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3"> <div class="title"> <h2>Sources of international humanitarian law</h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9"> <div id="text-paragraph940901" class="highlight-item"> <h4>IHL treaties</h4> <div class="ck-text"><p>IHL is based on a number of treaties, in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols, and a series of other instruments.</p> </div> <div class="link-option"> <a href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties">Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries</a> </div> </div> <div id="text-paragraph940900" class="highlight-item"> <h4>Customary IHL</h4> <div class="ck-text"><p>Customary international law consists of rules that come from "a general practice accepted as law" and that exist independent of treaty law.</p> </div> <div class="link-option"> <a href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl">Customary IHL database</a> </div> </div> <div id="text-paragraph1767946" class="highlight-item"> <h4>National Practice</h4> <div class="ck-text"><p>The National Practice database includes the manuals, legislation, case law and other national practice collected by ICRC delegations, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and other partners around the world as part of the mandate bestowed upon the ICRC by the 26th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.</p> </div> <div class="link-option"> <a href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/national-practice" target="_blank">National Practice Database</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="manual-highlight940904" class="manual-highlight-module"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="title-module"> <h2> Commentaries on the Geneva Conventions </h2> </div> <div class="manual-highlight-content items-3"> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/document/updated-commentaries-first-geneva-convention "> Commentary on the First Geneva Convention </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/document/updated-commentaries-first-geneva-convention "> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic-theme/banner_list/convencoes-genebra-comentarios-2016.jpg.webp?itok=mwbeyv3X" width="320" height="320" alt="" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/document/second-geneva-convention-and-role-icrc "> Commentary on the Second Geneva Convention </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/document/second-geneva-convention-and-role-icrc "> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic/banner_list/humanitarium-event-commentary2_0_0.jpg.webp?itok=vGSfPiXy" width="320" height="320" alt="" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/document/updated-commentary-third-geneva-convention "> Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/document/updated-commentary-third-geneva-convention "> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-04/Prisoners_war_ICRC_web.jpg.webp?itok=50ZBa2G8" width="320" height="320" alt="Field exercise during a course on international humanitarian law in Russia." title="Field exercise during a course on international humanitarian law in Russia (2002). Escorting prisoners of war. Fred Clarke/ICRC" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="manual-highlight940911" class="manual-highlight-module"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="title-module"> <h2> IHL resources </h2> </div> <div class="manual-highlight-content items-4"> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/advisory-service-ihl "> Legal advisory service </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/advisory-service-ihl "> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_small/public/2024-02/advisory%20service%20mobile.jpg.webp?itok=0bcMzdKN 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="144" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/advisory%20service%20mobile.jpg.webp?itok=ufiZOCbv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/advisory%20service%20mobile.jpg.webp?itok=ufiZOCbv 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/advisory%20service%20mobile.jpg.webp?itok=ufiZOCbv" width="320" height="320" alt="Abu Mohammad Alaya, 50, holds a mobile phone with a picture of his son Mohammad, who was killed in Douma on March 2, 2018." title="Abu Mohammad Alaya, 50, holds a mobile phone with a picture of his son Mohammad, who was killed in Douma on March 2, 2018. Bassam Khabieh/Reuters" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/what-we-do/learning-and-teaching-ihl "> Learning and teaching IHL </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/what-we-do/learning-and-teaching-ihl "> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_small/public/2024-02/learning-teaching-IHL.jpg.webp?itok=l99dt9RQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="144" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/learning-teaching-IHL.jpg.webp?itok=p4zusi2G 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/learning-teaching-IHL.jpg.webp?itok=p4zusi2G 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/learning-teaching-IHL.jpg.webp?itok=p4zusi2G" width="320" height="320" alt="The winners of the 2019 edition of the Zimbabwe National IHL Moot Court Competition organized by the ICRC and the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)." title="Harare, High Court of Zimbabwe. The winners of the 2019 edition of the Zimbabwe National IHL Moot Court Competition organized by the ICRC and the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ). Khatija Nxedlana/ICRC" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" /en/icrc-library "> ICRC library </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" /en/icrc-library "> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_small/public/2024-01/Library_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=Xx9M7LnA 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="144" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-01/Library_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=8sTOCRge 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-01/Library_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=8sTOCRge 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-01/Library_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=8sTOCRge" width="320" height="320" alt="Geneva, ICRC headquarters: Library and research service." title="Geneva, ICRC headquarters: Library and research service. Thierry GASSMANN/ICRC" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h3><a href=" https://casebook.icrc.org/ "> The ICRC Casebook </a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="media"> <a href=" https://casebook.icrc.org/ "> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_small/public/topic/image/casebook.png.webp?itok=clgZy3d2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="144" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic/image/casebook.png.webp?itok=RWB0PKbE 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic/image/casebook.png.webp?itok=RWB0PKbE 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic/image/casebook.png.webp?itok=RWB0PKbE" 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