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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fizioloģiskie_parametri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizioloģiskie_parametri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fizioloģiskie parametri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fizioloģiskie_parametri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piezīmes_un_atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piezīmes_un_atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Piezīmes un atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piezīmes_un_atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Satura rādītājs" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Izkārnīšanās</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 59 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="تبرز – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تبرز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defekasiya" title="Defekasiya – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Defekasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schei%C3%9Fn" title="Scheißn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Scheißn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэфекацыя – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэфекацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дефекация – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дефекация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97" title="মলত্যাগ – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মলত্যাগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kac%27hat" title="Kac'hat – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kac'hat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defekacija" title="Defekacija – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Defekacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecaci%C3%B3" title="Defecació – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Defecació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defekace" title="Defekace – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Defekace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuhlgang" title="Stuhlgang – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stuhlgang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αφόδευση – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφόδευση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Defecation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fekado" title="Fekado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fekado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecaci%C3%B3n" title="Defecación – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Defecación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roojamine" title="Roojamine – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roojamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaka_egite" title="Kaka egite – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaka egite" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B9" title="دفع مدفوع – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دفع مدفوع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulostaminen" title="Ulostaminen – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ulostaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9f%C3%A9cation" title="Défécation – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Défécation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADfhaec%C3%BA" title="Dífhaecú – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dífhaecú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecaci%C3%B3n" title="Defecación – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Defecación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaya" title="Bahaya – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bahaya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עשיית צרכים – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עשיית צרכים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="अपमलन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अपमलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%BEnjenje_crijeva" title="Pražnjenje crijeva – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pražnjenje crijeva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def%C3%A8kasyon" title="Defèkasyon – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Defèkasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buang_air_besar" title="Buang air besar – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buang air besar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecazione" title="Defecazione – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Defecazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E4%BE%BF" title="排便 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="排便" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngising" title="Ngising – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ngising" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EB%B3%80" title="배변 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배변" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дефекация – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дефекация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stullgang" title="Stullgang – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stullgang" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cag%C3%A0" title="Cagà – lombardiešu" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cagà" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C5%A1tinimasis" title="Tuštinimasis – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tuštinimasis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Дефекација – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дефекација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecatie" title="Defecatie – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Defecatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defekasjon" title="Defekasjon – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Defekasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defekacja_(medycyna)" title="Defekacja (medycyna) – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Defekacja (medycyna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeca%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Defecação – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Defecação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akay" title="Akay – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Akay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeca%C8%9Bie" title="Defecație – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Defecație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дефекация – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дефекация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defekacija" title="Defekacija – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Defekacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Defecation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defek%C3%A1cia" title="Defekácia – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Defekácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasht%C3%ABqitja" title="Jashtëqitja – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jashtëqitja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Пражњење столице – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пражњење столице" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மலம் கழித்தல் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலம் கழித்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="การถ่ายอุจจาระ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การถ่ายอุจจาระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%B1%C5%9Fk%C4%B1lama" title="Dışkılama – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dışkılama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дефекація – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дефекація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_ti%E1%BB%87n" title="Đại tiện – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại tiện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uru" title="Uru – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Uru" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%86%E6%B1%A1" title="拆污 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拆污" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuengqbyaij" title="Cuengqbyaij – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cuengqbyaij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E4%BE%BF" title="排便 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="排便" 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg/220px-Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg/330px-Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg/440px-Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernards_Pik%C4%81rs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernards Pikārs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Bernards Pikārs</a>. Parfimērs. XVI gadsimts</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:DefecatingSeagull2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DefecatingSeagull2.jpg/220px-DefecatingSeagull2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DefecatingSeagull2.jpg/330px-DefecatingSeagull2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DefecatingSeagull2.jpg/440px-DefecatingSeagull2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaijas" title="Kaijas">Kaijas</a> defekācija lidojuma laikā</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Pedestal-squat-toilet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pedestal-squat-toilet.jpg/220px-Pedestal-squat-toilet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pedestal-squat-toilet.jpg/330px-Pedestal-squat-toilet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Pedestal-squat-toilet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Defekācija tupus pozā</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Izkārnīšanās</b> jeb <b>defekācija</b> ir <a href="/wiki/Gremo%C5%A1ana" title="Gremošana">gremošanas</a> pēdējais posms, kurā no <a href="/wiki/Resn%C4%81_zarna" title="Resnā zarna">resnās zarnas</a> caur <a href="/wiki/An%C4%81l%C4%81_atvere" title="Anālā atvere">anālo atveri</a> tiek izvadīts zarnu saturs. Zarnu saturs tiek izvadīts ar saskaņotu <a href="/wiki/Musku%C4%BCi" title="Muskuļi">muskuļu saraušanos</a> (saukta arī par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristaltika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peristaltika (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">peristaltiku</a>), kas norisinās resnās zarnas sieniņās, zarnu saturs tiek aizvadīts līdz <a href="/wiki/Taisn%C4%81_zarna" title="Taisnā zarna">taisnajai zarnai</a>. </p><p>Taisnā zarna reflektoriski iztukšojas 1—2 reizes diennaktī, bet citu simptomu iedarbībā iztukšošanās var būt arī biežāka (<a href="/wiki/Caureja" title="Caureja">caureja</a>) vai retāka (<a href="/wiki/Aizciet%C4%93jums" title="Aizcietējums">aizcietējums</a>). Taisnajai zarnai pildoties, tajā palielinās <a href="/wiki/Spiediens" title="Spiediens">spiediens</a> (līdz 2,7 kPa jeb 20 mm Hg). Spiediens un <a href="/wiki/Zarnas" title="Zarnas">zarnu</a> satura mehāniskā iedarbība uz <a href="/wiki/G%C4%BCot%C4%81da" title="Gļotāda">gļotādu</a> kairina zarnas sienas receptorus. Impulsi no tiem nonāk <a href="/wiki/Muguras_smadzenes" title="Muguras smadzenes">muguras smadzeņu</a> krustu segmentos, kur atrodas defekācijas centrs. Centra raidītie impulsi izraisa <a href="/wiki/An%C4%81l%C4%81_atvere" title="Anālā atvere">anālās atveres</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sl%C4%93dz%C4%93jmuskulis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slēdzējmuskulis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">slēdzējmuskuļu</a> pakāpenisku atslābšanu un pastiprinātu taisnās zarnas muskulatūras saraušanos. Saraujas arī <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starpene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starpene (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">starpenes</a> muskuļi un <a href="/wiki/V%C4%93derprese" title="Vēderprese">vēderprese</a>. Pieaug spiediens vēdera dobumā; tā orgāni spiež uz zarnām un veicina defekāciju — taisnās zarnas iztukšošanos. Muguras smadzeņu defekācijas centrs pakļauts galvas <a href="/wiki/Smadzenes" title="Smadzenes">smadzeņu</a> garozas centriem, tāpēc izveidojas defekācijas nosacījuma reflekss. Cilvēkam tas rodas otrajā mūža gadā un saglabājas visu mūžu. Defekācija ir relatīvi pakļauta cilvēka gribai. Ja bojāti muguras smadzeņu krustu segmenti (iekaisums, trauma, audzējs), tad defekācija zaudē savu reflektorisko raksturu un kļūst no cilvēka gribas neatkarīga. Šāda defekācija var notikt arī spēcīgā emocionālā uzbudinājumā, piemēram, bailēs<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fizioloģiskie_parametri"><span id="Fiziolo.C4.A3iskie_parametri"></span>Fizioloģiskie parametri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izk%C4%81rn%C4%AB%C5%A1an%C4%81s&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Fizioloģiskie parametri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izk%C4%81rn%C4%AB%C5%A1an%C4%81s&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Fizioloģiskie parametri"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Defekācija pieaugušam, veselam cilvēkam tiek raksturota ar sekojošiem fizioloģiskiem parametriem: </p> <ul><li>rektālās jutības slieksnis (minimālais <a href="/wiki/Izk%C4%81rn%C4%ABjumi" title="Izkārnījumi">fekāliju</a> daudzums, kas nepieciešams, lai rastos piepildītas zarnas sajūta) ap 25 ml;</li> <li>minimālais daudzums iekšējā anālās atveres sfinktera atslābināšanai (tilpums, no kura rodas pirmās defekācijas vajadzības pazīmes) 10-20 ml;</li> <li>pastāvīgais defekācijas vajadzības slieksnis (tilpums, kas nepieciešams pastāvīgai defekācijas vajadzībai) ap 220 ml;</li> <li>maksimālais panesamais tilpums 110-280 ml.</li></ul> <p>Šie parametri mērāmi ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anorekt%C4%81l%C4%81_manometrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anorektālā manometrija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">anorektālās manometrijas</a> metodi un novirzes no normas ir diagnostikas pazīmes<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Defekācijas un pārējā laikā pieaugušam cilvēkam diennaktī no zarnām tiek izvadīti 0,1 — 0,5 litri gāzes. <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">Flatulences</a> gadījumā izdalīto gāzu daudzums var sasniegt trīs un vairāk litrus. Gāzu sastāvs veseliem cilvēkiem ir sekojošs: <a href="/wiki/Sl%C4%81peklis" title="Slāpeklis">slāpeklis</a> N<sub>2</sub> — 24-90 %, <a href="/wiki/Oglek%C4%BCa_dioks%C4%ABds" title="Oglekļa dioksīds">ogļskābā gāze</a> СО<sub>2</sub> — 4,3-29 %, <a href="/wiki/Sk%C4%81beklis" title="Skābeklis">skābeklis</a> О<sub>2</sub> — 0,1-23 %, <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis">ūdeņradis</a> Н<sub>2</sub> — 0,6-47 %, <a href="/wiki/Met%C4%81ns" title="Metāns">metāns</a> CH<sub>4</sub> — 0-26 %, kā arī neliels daudzums <a href="/wiki/S%C4%93r%C5%ABde%C5%86radis" title="Sērūdeņradis">sērūdeņraža</a> H<sub>2</sub>S, <a href="/wiki/Amonjaks" title="Amonjaks">amonjaka</a> NH<sub>3</sub>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tioli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tioli (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">merkaptāna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piezīmes_un_atsauces"><span id="Piez.C4.ABmes_un_atsauces"></span>Piezīmes un atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izk%C4%81rn%C4%AB%C5%A1an%C4%81s&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Piezīmes un atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izk%C4%81rn%C4%AB%C5%A1an%C4%81s&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Piezīmes un atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Populārā medicīnas enciklopēdija", Izdevniecība: "Avots", 1984. gads</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Stendal Ch.</i> Practical Guide to Gastrointestinal Function Testing. Blackwell Science Ltd., 1997, 280 lpp. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-632-04918-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-632-04918-9">ISBN 0-632-04918-9</a>. <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotekar.ru/447/">Физиология человека</a>. Под. ред. В. М. Покровского, Г. Ф. Коротько. М.:Медицина, 2007, — 656 lpp. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-225-04729-7" title="Special:BookSources/5-225-04729-7">ISBN 5-225-04729-7</a>. <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami multivides faili. 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