CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5, viewport-fit=cover"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟</title> <meta name="description" content="賮賷亘丿丕賷丞丕賱鬲爻毓賷賳丕鬲丕賱賴噩乇賷丞鬲亘賳賶賯爻賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕亘賰賱賷丞丕賱毓賱賵賲賮賷噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿賮賰乇丞丕賳卮丕亍噩賲毓賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟鬲囟賲噩賲賷毓丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳賮賷噩丕賲毓丕鬲丕賱賲賲賱賰丞賵賰賱賲賳賱賴"/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" /> <meta property="og:description" content="賮賷亘丿丕賷丞丕賱鬲爻毓賷賳丕鬲丕賱賴噩乇賷丞鬲亘賳賶賯爻賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕亘賰賱賷丞丕賱毓賱賵賲賮賷噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿賮賰乇丞丕賳卮丕亍噩賲毓賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟鬲囟賲噩賲賷毓丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳賮賷噩丕賲毓丕鬲丕賱賲賲賱賰丞賵賰賱賲賳賱賴" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="丕賱噩賲毓賷賴丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-07-07T05:57:28+00:00" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-06-23T17:06:17+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-07-07T05:57:28+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="賮賷亘丿丕賷丞丕賱鬲爻毓賷賳丕鬲丕賱賴噩乇賷丞鬲亘賳賶賯爻賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕亘賰賱賷丞丕賱毓賱賵賲賮賷噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿賮賰乇丞丕賳卮丕亍噩賲毓賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟鬲囟賲噩賲賷毓丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳賮賷噩丕賲毓丕鬲丕賱賲賲賱賰丞賵賰賱賲賳賱賴" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Time to read" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Less than a minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/#organization","name":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/#logo","url":"https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-1-1.png","contentUrl":"https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-1-1.png","caption":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"186","height":"176"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/#website","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en","name":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","alternateName":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","publisher":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":"1","item":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":"2","item":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/","name":"\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629"}}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/#webpage","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/","name":"\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","datePublished":"2024-06-23T17:06:17+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-07T05:57:28+00:00","isPartOf":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/#website"},"inLanguage":"en-US","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/#breadcrumb"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/author/admin/","name":"admin","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/author/admin/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/778c392a4571461c862a952f85f7e9e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/778c392a4571461c862a952f85f7e9e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin","inLanguage":"en-US"},"sameAs":["https://geoscience.org.sa"],"worksFor":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/#organization"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","keywords":"\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629,\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","datePublished":"2024-06-23T17:06:17+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-07T05:57:28+00:00","author":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/author/admin/","name":"admin"},"publisher":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/#organization"},"description":"\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647","name":"\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/#webpage"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/#webpage"}}]}</script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟 » Feed" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟 » Comments Feed" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/comments/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-widgets-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/inc/widgets-css/frontend.css?ver=1.6.37' media='all' /> <style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1: var(--theme-palette-color-1, #2872fa);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #1559ed);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3: var(--theme-palette-color-3, #3A4F66);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4: var(--theme-palette-color-4, #192a3d);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5: var(--theme-palette-color-5, #e1e8ed);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6: var(--theme-palette-color-6, #f2f5f7);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7: var(--theme-palette-color-7, #FAFBFC);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-peach: linear-gradient(to right, #ffecd2 0%, #fcb69f 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--young-passion: linear-gradient(to right, #ff8177 0%, #ff867a 0%, #ff8c7f 21%, #f99185 52%, #cf556c 78%, #b12a5b 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--true-sunset: linear-gradient(to right, #fa709a 0%, #fee140 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--morpheus-den: linear-gradient(to top, #30cfd0 0%, #330867 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--plum-plate: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--aqua-splash: linear-gradient(15deg, #13547a 0%, #80d0c7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--love-kiss: linear-gradient(to top, #ff0844 0%, #ffb199 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--new-retrowave: linear-gradient(to top, #3b41c5 0%, #a981bb 49%, #ffc8a9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--plum-bath: linear-gradient(to top, #cc208e 0%, #6713d2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--high-flight: linear-gradient(to right, #0acffe 0%, #495aff 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--teen-party: linear-gradient(-225deg, #FF057C 0%, #8D0B93 50%, #321575 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--fabled-sunset: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107A 29%, #FF1361 67%, #FFF800 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--arielle-smile: radial-gradient(circle 248px at center, #16d9e3 0%, #30c7ec 47%, #46aef7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--itmeo-branding: linear-gradient(180deg, #2af598 0%, #009efd 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--deep-blue: linear-gradient(to right, #6a11cb 0%, #2575fc 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--strong-bliss: linear-gradient(to right, #f78ca0 0%, #f9748f 19%, #fd868c 60%, #fe9a8b 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--sweet-period: linear-gradient(to top, #3f51b1 0%, #5a55ae 13%, #7b5fac 25%, #8f6aae 38%, #a86aa4 50%, #cc6b8e 62%, #f18271 75%, #f3a469 87%, #f7c978 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--purple-division: linear-gradient(to top, #7028e4 0%, #e5b2ca 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cold-evening: linear-gradient(to top, #0c3483 0%, #a2b6df 100%, #6b8cce 100%, #a2b6df 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mountain-rock: linear-gradient(to right, #868f96 0%, #596164 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--desert-hump: linear-gradient(to top, #c79081 0%, #dfa579 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--ethernal-constance: linear-gradient(to top, #09203f 0%, #537895 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--happy-memories: linear-gradient(-60deg, #ff5858 0%, #f09819 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--grown-early: linear-gradient(to top, #0ba360 0%, #3cba92 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--morning-salad: linear-gradient(-225deg, #B7F8DB 0%, #50A7C2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--night-call: linear-gradient(-225deg, #AC32E4 0%, #7918F2 48%, #4801FF 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mind-crawl: linear-gradient(-225deg, #473B7B 0%, #3584A7 51%, #30D2BE 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--angel-care: linear-gradient(-225deg, #FFE29F 0%, #FFA99F 48%, #FF719A 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-cake: linear-gradient(to top, #e14fad 0%, #f9d423 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--rich-metal: linear-gradient(to right, #d7d2cc 0%, #304352 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mole-hall: linear-gradient(-20deg, #616161 0%, #9bc5c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cloudy-knoxville: linear-gradient(120deg, #fdfbfb 0%, #ebedee 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--soft-grass: linear-gradient(to top, #c1dfc4 0%, #deecdd 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--saint-petersburg: linear-gradient(135deg, #f5f7fa 0%, #c3cfe2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--everlasting-sky: linear-gradient(135deg, #fdfcfb 0%, #e2d1c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--kind-steel: linear-gradient(-20deg, #e9defa 0%, #fbfcdb 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--over-sun: linear-gradient(60deg, #abecd6 0%, #fbed96 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--premium-white: linear-gradient(to top, #d5d4d0 0%, #d5d4d0 1%, #eeeeec 31%, #efeeec 75%, #e9e9e7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--clean-mirror: linear-gradient(45deg, #93a5cf 0%, #e4efe9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--wild-apple: linear-gradient(to top, #d299c2 0%, #fef9d7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--snow-again: linear-gradient(to top, #e6e9f0 0%, #eef1f5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--confident-cloud: linear-gradient(to top, #dad4ec 0%, #dad4ec 1%, #f3e7e9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--glass-water: linear-gradient(to top, #dfe9f3 0%, white 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--perfect-white: linear-gradient(-225deg, #E3FDF5 0%, #FFE6FA 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: clamp(22px, 1.375rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.625), 30px);--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(30px, 1.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.563), 50px);--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large: clamp(45px, 2.813rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 2.734), 80px);--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--theme-block-max-width);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--theme-block-wide-max-width); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: var(--theme-content-spacing); margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: var(--theme-content-spacing); }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: var(--theme-content-spacing);margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: var(--theme-content-spacing);margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: var(--theme-content-spacing);}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: var(--theme-content-spacing);}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-juicy-peach-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-peach) !important;}.has-young-passion-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--young-passion) !important;}.has-true-sunset-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--true-sunset) !important;}.has-morpheus-den-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--morpheus-den) !important;}.has-plum-plate-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--plum-plate) !important;}.has-aqua-splash-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--aqua-splash) !important;}.has-love-kiss-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--love-kiss) !important;}.has-new-retrowave-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--new-retrowave) !important;}.has-plum-bath-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--plum-bath) !important;}.has-high-flight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--high-flight) !important;}.has-teen-party-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--teen-party) !important;}.has-fabled-sunset-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--fabled-sunset) !important;}.has-arielle-smile-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--arielle-smile) !important;}.has-itmeo-branding-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--itmeo-branding) !important;}.has-deep-blue-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--deep-blue) !important;}.has-strong-bliss-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--strong-bliss) !important;}.has-sweet-period-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--sweet-period) !important;}.has-purple-division-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--purple-division) !important;}.has-cold-evening-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cold-evening) !important;}.has-mountain-rock-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mountain-rock) !important;}.has-desert-hump-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--desert-hump) !important;}.has-ethernal-constance-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--ethernal-constance) !important;}.has-happy-memories-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--happy-memories) !important;}.has-grown-early-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--grown-early) !important;}.has-morning-salad-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--morning-salad) !important;}.has-night-call-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--night-call) !important;}.has-mind-crawl-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mind-crawl) !important;}.has-angel-care-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--angel-care) !important;}.has-juicy-cake-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-cake) !important;}.has-rich-metal-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--rich-metal) !important;}.has-mole-hall-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mole-hall) !important;}.has-cloudy-knoxville-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cloudy-knoxville) !important;}.has-soft-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--soft-grass) !important;}.has-saint-petersburg-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--saint-petersburg) !important;}.has-everlasting-sky-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--everlasting-sky) !important;}.has-kind-steel-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--kind-steel) !important;}.has-over-sun-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--over-sun) !important;}.has-premium-white-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--premium-white) !important;}.has-clean-mirror-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--clean-mirror) !important;}.has-wild-apple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--wild-apple) !important;}.has-snow-again-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--snow-again) !important;}.has-confident-cloud-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--confident-cloud) !important;}.has-glass-water-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--glass-water) !important;}.has-perfect-white-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--perfect-white) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: clamp(0.984em, 0.984rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.645), 1.5em);line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ctf_styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds/css/ctf-styles.min.css?ver=2.2.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='trp-floater-language-switcher-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-floater-language-switcher.css?ver=2.8.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='trp-language-switcher-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-language-switcher.css?ver=2.8.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/assets/css/header-footer-elementor.css?ver=1.6.37' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.23.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=8.4.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-8-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-8.css?ver=1723480431' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='she-header-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/sticky-header-effects-for-elementor/assets/css/she-header-style.css?ver=1.6.11' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-21-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-21.css?ver=1723545410' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-9-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-9.css?ver=1723480431' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-163-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-163.css?ver=1723480431' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-ekiticons-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=3.2.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-main-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/main.min.css?ver=2.0.55' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-page-title-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/page-title.min.css?ver=2.0.55' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-elementor-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/elementor-frontend.min.css?ver=2.0.55' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-widget-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/widget-styles.css?ver=3.2.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-responsive-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=3.2.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Almarai%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=swap&ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/sticky-header-effects-for-elementor/assets/js/she-header.js?ver=1.6.11" id="she-header-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/21" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/en/?p=21' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgeoscience.org.sa%2Fen%2Fabout%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgeoscience.org.sa%2Fen%2Fabout%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/about/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-US" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/"/> <noscript><link rel='stylesheet' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/no-scripts.min.css' type='text/css'></noscript> <style id="ct-main-styles-inline-css">[data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="logo"] .site-title {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:25px;--theme-line-height:1.5;--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"] > ul > li > a {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-text-color);} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"][data-menu*="type-3"] > ul > li > a {--theme-link-hover-color:#ffffff;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"] .sub-menu .ct-menu-link {--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-font-weight:500;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"] .sub-menu {--dropdown-divider:1px dashed rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--theme-box-shadow:0px 10px 20px rgba(41, 51, 61, 0.1);--theme-border-radius:0px 0px 2px 2px;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] {--height:120px;background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);background-image:none;--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;--theme-box-shadow:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] > div {--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="mobile-menu"] {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-link-initial-color:#ffffff;--mobile-menu-divider:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--theme-box-shadow:0px 0px 70px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);--side-panel-width:500px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas .ct-panel-inner {background-color:rgba(18, 21, 25, 0.98);} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="search"] .ct-label {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #search-modal .ct-search-results {--theme-font-weight:500;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:14px;--theme-line-height:1.4;} [data-header*="type-1"] #search-modal .ct-search-form {--theme-link-initial-color:#ffffff;--theme-form-text-initial-color:#ffffff;--theme-form-text-focus-color:#ffffff;--theme-form-field-border-initial-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);--theme-button-text-initial-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);--theme-button-text-hover-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-background-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-button-background-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);} [data-header*="type-1"] #search-modal {background-color:rgba(18, 21, 25, 0.98);} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="trigger"] {--theme-icon-size:18px;--toggle-button-radius:3px;} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="trigger"]:not([data-design="simple"]) {--toggle-button-padding:10px;} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="trigger"] .ct-label {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-header*="type-1"] {--header-height:120px;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header {background-image:none;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] > div {--container-spacing:25px;--theme-border:none;--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;--grid-template-columns:initial;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] .widget-title {--theme-font-size:16px;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] {--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;background-color:transparent;} [data-footer*="type-1"] [data-id="copyright"] {--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:15px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-footer*="type-1"][data-footer*="reveal"] .site-main {--footer-box-shadow:0px 30px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-6);} [data-footer*="type-1"] footer.ct-container {--footer-container-bottom-offset:50px;--footer-container-padding:0px 35px;}:root {--theme-font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:none;--theme-text-decoration:none;--theme-font-size:16px;--theme-line-height:1.65;--theme-letter-spacing:0em;--theme-button-font-weight:500;--theme-button-font-style:normal;--theme-button-font-size:15px;--has-classic-forms:var(--true);--has-modern-forms:var(--false);--theme-form-field-border-initial-color:var(--theme-border-color);--theme-form-field-border-focus-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-form-selection-field-initial-color:var(--theme-border-color);--theme-form-selection-field-active-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_1:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_2:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_3:var(--theme-palette-color-3);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_4:var(--theme-palette-color-4);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_5:var(--theme-palette-color-5);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_6:var(--theme-palette-color-6);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_7:var(--theme-palette-color-7);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_8:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-palette-color-1:#2872fa;--theme-palette-color-2:#1559ed;--theme-palette-color-3:#3A4F66;--theme-palette-color-4:#192a3d;--theme-palette-color-5:#e1e8ed;--theme-palette-color-6:#f2f5f7;--theme-palette-color-7:#FAFBFC;--theme-palette-color-8:#ffffff;--theme-text-color:var(--theme-palette-color-3);--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-link-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--theme-selection-text-color:#ffffff;--theme-selection-background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-border-color:var(--theme-palette-color-5);--theme-headings-color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);--theme-content-spacing:1.5em;--theme-button-min-height:40px;--theme-button-shadow:none;--theme-button-transform:none;--theme-button-text-initial-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-text-hover-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-background-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-button-background-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--theme-button-border:none;--theme-button-border-radius:3px;--theme-button-padding:5px 20px;--theme-normal-container-max-width:1290px;--theme-content-vertical-spacing:60px;--theme-container-edge-spacing:90vw;--theme-narrow-container-max-width:750px;--theme-wide-offset:130px;}h1 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:40px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h2 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:35px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h3 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:30px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h4 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:25px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h5 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h6 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:16px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}.wp-block-pullquote {--theme-font-family:Georgia;--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:25px;}code, kbd, samp, pre {--theme-font-family:monospace;--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:16px;}figcaption {--theme-font-size:14px;}.ct-sidebar .widget-title {--theme-font-size:20px;}.ct-breadcrumbs {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;}body {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-7);background-image:none;} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .hero-section[data-type="type-2"] {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-6);background-image:none;--container-padding:50px 0px;} [data-prefix="single_page"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="single_page"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="templately_library_single"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_single"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_single"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_single"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="blog"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="blog"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="blog"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="categories"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="categories"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="categories"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="author"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="author"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="author"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="search"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="search"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="search"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;}form textarea {--theme-form-field-height:170px;}.ct-sidebar {--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-text-color);} [data-prefix="templately_library_single"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_single"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="single_page"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);}@media (max-width: 999.98px) {[data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] {--height:70px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--side-panel-width:65vw;} [data-header*="type-1"] {--header-height:70px;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] > div {--grid-template-columns:initial;} [data-footer*="type-1"] footer.ct-container {--footer-container-padding:0vw 4vw;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media (max-width: 689.98px) {[data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--side-panel-width:90vw;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] > div {--container-spacing:15px;--grid-template-columns:initial;} [data-footer*="type-1"] footer.ct-container {--footer-container-padding:0vw 5vw;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;}:root {--theme-content-vertical-spacing:50px;--theme-container-edge-spacing:88vw;}}</style> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.23.4; features: e_optimized_css_loading, e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading, e_lazyload; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <link rel="icon" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-270x270.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> #sciennamesection .eael-infobox-content-align-right.eael-infobox-icon-bg-shape-none .infobox-icon-wrap{ justify-content:right; } .elementor-18 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6c16b4f .item{ min-height:220px; max-height:400px; } .ff-default .ff-el-input--label label, form.fluent_form_1 .ff-btn-submit:not(.ff_btn_no_style){ font-family:'Almarai'; } .ff-btn-submit{ background-color:var( --e-global-color-b30f84d ) !important; } #twitter_feeds{ max-height:400px; overflow:scroll; } </style> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-elementor_header_footer page page-id-21 wp-embed-responsive translatepress-en_US ehf-header ehf-footer ehf-template-blocksy ehf-stylesheet-blocksy elementor-default elementor-template-full-width elementor-kit-8 elementor-page elementor-page-21" data-link="type-2" data-prefix="single_page" data-footer="type-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"> <a class="skip-link show-on-focus" href="#main"> Skip to content</a> <div id="main-container"> <header id="masthead" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader"> <p class="main-title bhf-hidden" itemprop="headline"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en" title="丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" rel="home">丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟</a></p> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9" class="elementor elementor-9"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-72ac8e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="72ac8e0" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-473622b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="473622b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d05ba3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="d05ba3e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=".svg"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}</style> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/"> <img fetchpriority="high" width="600" height="591" src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-428" alt="" srcset="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1.png 600w, http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1-300x296.png 300w, http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1-457x450.png 457w, http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1-100x100.png 100w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-af53ea6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="af53ea6" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd6424e elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-mobile-3 e-grid-align-mobile-center elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="fd6424e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-0 .elementor-widget-container,.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-mobile-0 .elementor-widget-container,.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-tablet-0 .elementor-widget-container{line-height:1;font-size:0}.elementor-widget-social-icons:not(.elementor-grid-0):not(.elementor-grid-tablet-0):not(.elementor-grid-mobile-0) .elementor-grid{display:inline-grid}.elementor-widget-social-icons .elementor-grid{grid-column-gap:var(--grid-column-gap,5px);grid-row-gap:var(--grid-row-gap,5px);grid-template-columns:var(--grid-template-columns);justify-content:var(--justify-content,center);justify-items:var(--justify-content,center)}.elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{font-size:var(--icon-size,25px);line-height:var(--icon-size,25px);width:calc(var(--icon-size, 25px) + 2 * var(--icon-padding, .5em));height:calc(var(--icon-size, 25px) + 2 * var(--icon-padding, .5em))}.elementor-social-icon{--e-social-icon-icon-color:#fff;display:inline-flex;background-color:#69727d;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;cursor:pointer}.elementor-social-icon i{color:var(--e-social-icon-icon-color)}.elementor-social-icon svg{fill:var(--e-social-icon-icon-color)}.elementor-social-icon:last-child{margin:0}.elementor-social-icon:hover{opacity:.9;color:#fff}.elementor-social-icon-android{background-color:#a4c639}.elementor-social-icon-apple{background-color:#999}.elementor-social-icon-behance{background-color:#1769ff}.elementor-social-icon-bitbucket{background-color:#205081}.elementor-social-icon-codepen{background-color:#000}.elementor-social-icon-delicious{background-color:#39f}.elementor-social-icon-deviantart{background-color:#05cc47}.elementor-social-icon-digg{background-color:#005be2}.elementor-social-icon-dribbble{background-color:#ea4c89}.elementor-social-icon-elementor{background-color:#d30c5c}.elementor-social-icon-envelope{background-color:#ea4335}.elementor-social-icon-facebook,.elementor-social-icon-facebook-f{background-color:#3b5998}.elementor-social-icon-flickr{background-color:#0063dc}.elementor-social-icon-foursquare{background-color:#2d5be3}.elementor-social-icon-free-code-camp,.elementor-social-icon-freecodecamp{background-color:#006400}.elementor-social-icon-github{background-color:#333}.elementor-social-icon-gitlab{background-color:#e24329}.elementor-social-icon-globe{background-color:#69727d}.elementor-social-icon-google-plus,.elementor-social-icon-google-plus-g{background-color:#dd4b39}.elementor-social-icon-houzz{background-color:#7ac142}.elementor-social-icon-instagram{background-color:#262626}.elementor-social-icon-jsfiddle{background-color:#487aa2}.elementor-social-icon-link{background-color:#818a91}.elementor-social-icon-linkedin,.elementor-social-icon-linkedin-in{background-color:#0077b5}.elementor-social-icon-medium{background-color:#00ab6b}.elementor-social-icon-meetup{background-color:#ec1c40}.elementor-social-icon-mixcloud{background-color:#273a4b}.elementor-social-icon-odnoklassniki{background-color:#f4731c}.elementor-social-icon-pinterest{background-color:#bd081c}.elementor-social-icon-product-hunt{background-color:#da552f}.elementor-social-icon-reddit{background-color:#ff4500}.elementor-social-icon-rss{background-color:#f26522}.elementor-social-icon-shopping-cart{background-color:#4caf50}.elementor-social-icon-skype{background-color:#00aff0}.elementor-social-icon-slideshare{background-color:#0077b5}.elementor-social-icon-snapchat{background-color:#fffc00}.elementor-social-icon-soundcloud{background-color:#f80}.elementor-social-icon-spotify{background-color:#2ebd59}.elementor-social-icon-stack-overflow{background-color:#fe7a15}.elementor-social-icon-steam{background-color:#00adee}.elementor-social-icon-stumbleupon{background-color:#eb4924}.elementor-social-icon-telegram{background-color:#2ca5e0}.elementor-social-icon-threads{background-color:#000}.elementor-social-icon-thumb-tack{background-color:#1aa1d8}.elementor-social-icon-tripadvisor{background-color:#589442}.elementor-social-icon-tumblr{background-color:#35465c}.elementor-social-icon-twitch{background-color:#6441a5}.elementor-social-icon-twitter{background-color:#1da1f2}.elementor-social-icon-viber{background-color:#665cac}.elementor-social-icon-vimeo{background-color:#1ab7ea}.elementor-social-icon-vk{background-color:#45668e}.elementor-social-icon-weibo{background-color:#dd2430}.elementor-social-icon-weixin{background-color:#31a918}.elementor-social-icon-whatsapp{background-color:#25d366}.elementor-social-icon-wordpress{background-color:#21759b}.elementor-social-icon-x-twitter{background-color:#000}.elementor-social-icon-xing{background-color:#026466}.elementor-social-icon-yelp{background-color:#af0606}.elementor-social-icon-youtube{background-color:#cd201f}.elementor-social-icon-500px{background-color:#0099e5}.elementor-shape-rounded .elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{border-radius:10%}.elementor-shape-circle .elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{border-radius:50%}</style> <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid"> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-x-twitter elementor-repeater-item-7865d30" href="https://twitter.com/SS_Geosciences" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">X-twitter</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-x-twitter" viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-301fbf2" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsmv7FCvBgmFlQcCtMSR5xA" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Youtube</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube" viewbox="0 0 576 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-envelope elementor-repeater-item-07c55f2" href="mailto:ssg@ksu.edu.sa" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Envelope</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-envelope" viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-647895e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="647895e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-589e564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="589e564" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://ksu.edu.sa/"> <img width="269" height="104" src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/ksu_logo_out.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-396" alt="" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-796d9a0 she-header-yes e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="796d9a0" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","transparent":"yes","scroll_distance":{"unit":"px","size":100,"sizes":[]},"background_show":"yes","bottom_border":"yes","custom_bottom_border_color":"#EDEDED","custom_bottom_border_width":{"unit":"px","size":1,"sizes":[]},"shrink_header_logo":"yes","custom_height_header_logo":{"unit":"px","size":60,"sizes":[]},"transparent_on":["desktop","tablet","mobile"],"scroll_distance_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"scroll_distance_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_bottom_border_width_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_bottom_border_width_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_height_header_logo_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_height_header_logo_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-55b3c33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="55b3c33" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4178e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ekit-nav-menu" data-id="4178e04" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="ekit-nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ekit-wid-con ekit_menu_responsive_tablet" data-hamburger-icon="" data-hamburger-icon-type="icon" data-responsive-breakpoint="1024"> <button class="elementskit-menu-hamburger elementskit-menu-toggler" type="button" aria-label="hamburger-icon"> <span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span><span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span><span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span> </button> <div id="ekit-megamenu-main-menu" class="elementskit-menu-container elementskit-menu-offcanvas-elements elementskit-navbar-nav-default ekit-nav-menu-one-page-no ekit-nav-dropdown-hover"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="elementskit-navbar-nav elementskit-menu-po-left submenu-click-on-icon"><li id="menu-item-20" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-20 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-50" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-50 nav-item elementskit-dropdown-has relative_position elementskit-dropdown-menu-default_width elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="#" class="ekit-menu-nav-link ekit-menu-dropdown-toggle">About the Association<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-plus elementskit-submenu-indicator"></i></a> <ul class="elementskit-dropdown elementskit-submenu-panel"> <li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-21 current_page_item menu-item-22 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content active" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/" class="dropdown-item active">About the Association</a> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/system/" class="dropdown-item">The society's system</a></ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-28" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/directors/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">The Board of Directors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/books/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-51" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-51 nav-item elementskit-dropdown-has relative_position elementskit-dropdown-menu-default_width elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="#" class="ekit-menu-nav-link ekit-menu-dropdown-toggle">Encyclopedias<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-plus elementskit-submenu-indicator"></i></a> <ul class="elementskit-dropdown elementskit-submenu-panel"> <li id="menu-item-43" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-43 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class="dropdown-item">Educational encyclopedias</a> <li id="menu-item-48" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class="dropdown-item">Specialized encyclopedias</a></ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-451 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-444" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-444 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/賱丕賷贁丨丞-丕賱噩賲毓賷丕鬲-丕賱毓賱賲賷丞-1-1.pdf" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Rules governing scientific societies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-557 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">documentaries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1031 nav-item elementskit-dropdown-has relative_position elementskit-dropdown-menu-default_width elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="#" class="ekit-menu-nav-link ekit-menu-dropdown-toggle">photo<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-plus elementskit-submenu-indicator"></i></a> <ul class="elementskit-dropdown elementskit-submenu-panel"> <li id="menu-item-892" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-892 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/ssg-13/" class="dropdown-item">SSG - 13</a> <li id="menu-item-916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-916 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/ssg12/" class="dropdown-item">SSG - 12</a> <li id="menu-item-928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-928 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/ssg11/" class="dropdown-item">SSG - 11</a> <li id="menu-item-971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-971 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/ssg8/" class="dropdown-item">SSG - 8</a> <li id="menu-item-995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-995 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/ssg7/" class="dropdown-item">SSG - 7</a></ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-38" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/contact-us/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Contact US</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1109 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu="750px"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/magazins/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">magazine</a></li> </ul><div class="elementskit-nav-identity-panel"> <div class="elementskit-site-title"> <a class="elementskit-nav-logo" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en" target="_self" rel=""> <img src="" title="" alt="" /> </a> </div><button class="elementskit-menu-close elementskit-menu-toggler" type="button">X</button></div></div> <div class="elementskit-menu-overlay elementskit-menu-offcanvas-elements elementskit-menu-toggler ekit-nav-menu--overlay"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b205db9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="b205db9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a77c6d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="a77c6d7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="http://aicss.org/MemberLoginAR.asp"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Login</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2f15813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="2f15813" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/register-to-ssg/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Join</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="main" class="site-main hfeed"> <div data-elementor-type="wp-page" data-elementor-id="21" class="elementor elementor-21"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7c9b3c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="7c9b3c4" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5b53f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="e5b53f6" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-46e372a elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="46e372a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list-rtl.min.css"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">About the Association </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/system/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">The society's system</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/directors/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Board of Directors </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1825270 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="1825270" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-20ddb0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="20ddb0b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}</style><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">About the Association </h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-02de7b8 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="02de7b8" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInUp"}" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:right;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}</style> <p><strong>In the early 1990s AH, the Geology Department at the College of Science, King Saud University, adopted the idea of establishing a society for geosciences that would include all specialists from universities in the Kingdom and anyone related to geosciences in governmental and private sectors. Subsequently, the Scientific Council at King Saud University approved the establishment of the society on 12/08/1401 AH under the name (The Saudi Society for Geosciences) at King Saud University in Riyadh. The Saudi Society for Geosciences is considered an administratively and financially independent scientific society from King Saud University. Its headquarters is in the Geology Department at the College of Science, King Saud University in Riyadh. The society can establish branches in other locations if necessary.</strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-339f3da elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="339f3da" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInUp"}" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Since its establishment, the society has been chaired by Dr. Faiz bin Shaaban Annan, Prof. Abdulmalik bin Abdullah Alkhayyat, and Dr. Khalid bin Ibrahim Al-Turki. Currently, it is chaired by Prof. Abdullah bin Mohammed Saeed Al-Omari.</strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bf62eed elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="bf62eed" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/亘乇賵賮丕賷賱-丕賱噩賲毓賷丞.pdf"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Profile of the Society</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope" id="colophon" role="contentinfo"> <div class='footer-width-fixer'> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="163" class="elementor elementor-163"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4adf2a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="4adf2a0" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-11e5d7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="11e5d7e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-78142c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="78142c3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Sections of the website</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-64f8b7e elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="64f8b7e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Home </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/about/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">About the Association </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Encyclopedias</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/books/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Books </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-757d6c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="757d6c4" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3f67dca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3f67dca" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Related websites</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7838786 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="7838786" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/journal/12517"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Arabian Journal Of Geosciences</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://www.aicss.org/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Management of scientific associations</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://www.ksu.edu.sa/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">King Saud University</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b2622 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="67b2622" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-58064a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="58064a6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Contact Us</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3be0a00 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="3be0a00" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/contact-us/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Contact US </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="mailto:ssg@ksu.edu.sa"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ssg@ksu.edu.sa</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-821fce8 elementor-shape-circle e-grid-align-right elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="821fce8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid"> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-envelope elementor-repeater-item-07c55f2" href="mailto:ssg@ksu.edu.sa" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Envelope</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-envelope" viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-x-twitter elementor-repeater-item-7865d30" href="https://twitter.com/SS_Geosciences" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">X-twitter</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-x-twitter" viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-301fbf2" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsmv7FCvBgmFlQcCtMSR5xA" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Youtube</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube" viewbox="0 0 576 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path></svg> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e8b9c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="6e8b9c4" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d56906e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="d56906e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>噩賲賷毓丕賱丨賯賵賯賲丨賮賵馗丞 @ 2024 賱賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <template id="tp-language" data-tp-language="en_US"></template> <div id="trp-floater-ls" onclick="" data-no-translation class="trp-language-switcher-container trp-floater-ls-codes trp-bottom-left trp-color-dark short-names" > <div id="trp-floater-ls-current-language" class=""> <a href="#" class="trp-floater-ls-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language" onclick="event.preventDefault()"> EN </a> </div> <div id="trp-floater-ls-language-list" class="" > <div class="trp-language-wrap trp-language-wrap-bottom"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/about/" title="Arabic"> AR </a> <a href="#" class="trp-floater-ls-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language" onclick="event.preventDefault()">EN</a></div> </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fluentform-elementor-widget-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/fluentform/assets/css/fluent-forms-elementor-widget.css?ver=5.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='e-animations-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/animations/animations.min.css?ver=3.23.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fluent-form-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/fluentform/assets/css/fluent-forms-public.css?ver=5.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fluentform-public-default-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/fluentform/assets/css/fluentform-public-default.css?ver=5.2.0' media='all' /> <script id="trp-dynamic-translator-js-extra"> var trp_data = {"trp_custom_ajax_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/plugins\/translatepress-multilingual\/includes\/trp-ajax.php","trp_wp_ajax_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","trp_language_to_query":"en_US","trp_original_language":"ar","trp_current_language":"en_US","trp_skip_selectors":["[data-no-translation]","[data-no-dynamic-translation]","[data-trp-translate-id-innertext]","script","style","head","trp-span","translate-press","[data-trp-translate-id]","[data-trpgettextoriginal]","[data-trp-post-slug]"],"trp_base_selectors":["data-trp-translate-id","data-trpgettextoriginal","data-trp-post-slug"],"trp_attributes_selectors":{"text":{"accessor":"outertext","attribute":false},"block":{"accessor":"innertext","attribute":false},"image_src":{"selector":"img[src]","accessor":"src","attribute":true},"submit":{"selector":"input[type='submit'],input[type='button'], input[type='reset']","accessor":"value","attribute":true},"placeholder":{"selector":"input[placeholder],textarea[placeholder]","accessor":"placeholder","attribute":true},"title":{"selector":"[title]","accessor":"title","attribute":true},"a_href":{"selector":"a[href]","accessor":"href","attribute":true},"button":{"accessor":"outertext","attribute":false},"option":{"accessor":"innertext","attribute":false},"aria_label":{"selector":"[aria-label]","accessor":"aria-label","attribute":true}},"trp_attributes_accessors":["outertext","innertext","src","value","placeholder","title","href","aria-label"],"gettranslationsnonceregular":"65802e42b8","showdynamiccontentbeforetranslation":"","skip_strings_from_dynamic_translation":[],"skip_strings_from_dynamic_translation_for_substrings":{"href":["amazon-adsystem","googleads","g.doubleclick"]},"duplicate_detections_allowed":"100","trp_translate_numerals_opt":"no","trp_no_auto_translation_selectors":["[data-no-auto-translation]"]}; </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/js/trp-translate-dom-changes.js?ver=2.8.2" id="trp-dynamic-translator-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/libs/framework/assets/js/frontend-script.js?ver=3.2.4" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js"></script> <script id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js-after"> var elementskit = { resturl: 'http://geoscience.org.sa/en/wp-json/elementskit/v1/', } </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widget-scripts.js?ver=3.2.4" id="ekit-widget-scripts-js"></script> <script id="ct-scripts-js-extra"> var ct_localizations = {"ajax_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","public_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/","rest_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/en\/wp-json\/","search_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/en\/search\/QUERY_STRING\/","show_more_text":"Show more","more_text":"More","search_live_results":"Search results","search_live_no_results":"No results","search_live_no_result":"No results","search_live_one_result":"You got %s result. Please press Tab to select it.","search_live_many_results":"You got %s results. Please press Tab to select one.","expand_submenu":"Expand dropdown menu","collapse_submenu":"Collapse dropdown menu","dynamic_js_chunks":[],"dynamic_styles":{"lazy_load":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/non-critical-styles.min.css?ver=2.0.55","search_lazy":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/non-critical-search-styles.min.css?ver=2.0.55","back_to_top":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/back-to-top.min.css?ver=2.0.55"},"dynamic_styles_selectors":[{"selector":".ct-header-cart, #woo-cart-panel","url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/cart-header-element-lazy.min.css?ver=2.0.55"},{"selector":".flexy","url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/flexy.min.css?ver=2.0.55"}]}; </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/main.js?ver=2.0.55" id="ct-scripts-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=3.23.4" id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=3.23.4" id="elementor-frontend-modules-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/waypoints/waypoints.min.js?ver=4.0.2" id="elementor-waypoints-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnTwitter":"Share on Twitter","pinIt":"Pin it","download":"Download","downloadImage":"Download image","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Share","playVideo":"Play Video","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","close":"Close","a11yCarouselWrapperAriaLabel":"Carousel | Horizontal scrolling: Arrow Left & Right","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}},"version":"3.23.4","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"e_optimized_css_loading":true,"e_font_icon_svg":true,"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"container":true,"container_grid":true,"e_swiper_latest":true,"e_nested_atomic_repeaters":true,"e_optimized_control_loading":true,"e_onboarding":true,"home_screen":true,"ai-layout":true,"e_lazyload":true},"urls":{"assets":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"cf4c5f320e"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"page":[],"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"global_image_lightbox":"yes","lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description"},"post":{"id":21,"title":"%D8%B9%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9%20-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6","excerpt":"","featuredImage":false}}; </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.23.4" id="elementor-frontend-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/animate-circle.min.js?ver=3.2.4" id="animate-circle-js"></script> <script id="elementskit-elementor-js-extra"> var ekit_config = {"ajaxurl":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"eabad9240b"}; </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/elementor.js?ver=3.2.4" id="elementskit-elementor-js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

毓賳 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞 賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱丕乇囟

毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟