CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://try.abtasty.com/170d56cbbec1e7608c37847ad438d87e.js"></script>  <link href="/writing/criticalcss/essay.min.css?v=3.5.79" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ "environment": "production" }); dataLayer.push({ "ga_enable_tracking": "true" }); dataLayer.push({ "version": "3.5.79" }); dataLayer.push({ "source_site_id": 32 }); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.setAttributeNode(d.createAttribute('data-ot-ignore'));j.setAttribute('class','optanon-category-C0001');j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-56MW5HV');</script>  <title>The New York City Police Department Essay - 1723 Words | Bartleby</title> <meta name="description" content="Free Essay: In the 1990s, the growth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the..." /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests;block-all-mixed-content" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bartleby.com/essay/The-New-York-City-Police-Department-PKSWL95Y9C5Q" /> </head> <body class="gray-ultra-light--bg"> <div id="app"> <div><div class="header-splat no-padding"><nav class="row top-nav top-nav--slim"><div class="columns small-2 medium-1 hide-for-large-only hide-for-large-up full-height"><section class="navigation"><div class="nav-container"><nav><div class="nav-mobile"><a href="javascript:void(0);" role="button" aria-label="Hamburger menu" aria-expanded="false" id="nav-toggle" class="burger full-height vert-align-middle display-inline-block cursor-pointer position-relative bv-popup-parent" data-bv-click="toggleClass('display-none'):'burger-popup-menu';addClass('display-none'):'writing-tools-mobile-list';toggleAttr('aria-expanded','true','false'):'nav-toggle';addClass('display-none'):'up-arrow-mobile';removeClass('display-none'):'down-arrow-mobile';toggleClass('active'):'nav-toggle';toggleClass('drop-down-move-down','drop-down-move-up'):'burger-popup-menu';"><span></span></a></div></nav></div></section><div class="drop-down-mobile display-none" id="burger-popup-menu" style="top:3.5rem;left:-0.6rem;border:none;width:103vw"><ul><li><a class="nav-drop-down-a nav-drop-down-a-main" href="/essay/">Essay</a></li><li><a class="nav-drop-down-a nav-drop-down-a-main" href="/topics/">Topics</a></li><li><a class="nav-drop-down-a nav-drop-down-a-main" href="/writing/">Writing</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="columns small-6 medium-3 large-3 full-height"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/" class="show-for-large vert-align-middle full-height"><div class="header-splat__logo-container"></div></a><div class="hide-for-large-up display-inline-block vert-align-middle full-height"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/" class="cursor-pointer"><img name="Homepage" class="vert-center" src="//assets.bartleby.com/1.17/images/logos/bartleby/logo-home.svg" width="70" height="35"/></a></div></div><div class="columns large-4 full-height hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only no-padding padding-top-0-5--large"><div class="columns large-2"><a href="/essay/" class="text-m white weight-600">Essays</a></div><div class="columns large-2"><a href="/topics/" class="text-m white weight-600">Topics</a></div><div class="columns large-2"><a href="/writing/" class="text-m white weight-600">Writing</a></div><div class="columns large-4"><a href="/write/tool/essay-checker" class="text-m white weight-600">Essay Checker</a></div><div class="columns"></div></div><div class="columns position-relative small-2 medium-5 large-4 full-height"><form class="search-box header-splat__search-box header-splat__search-box--custom-nav" id="search-form" action="/writing/search" method="GET"><input type="text" name="query" class="search-box__input search-box__input--gray-bg search-box__input--splat-header undefined" placeholder="Essay topics, assignments, speeches..."/><button aria-label="search" class="search-box__button search-box__button--splat-header" type="submit"><span class="search-box__icon search-box__icon--splat-header"><i class="header-splat__search-box--btn-icon"></i></span></button></form><div class="header-splat__search-toggle-container header-splat__search-toggle-container--custom-nav header-splat__search-toggle-container--custom-nav-ng1" data-bv-click="toggleClass('conditionally-visible'):'search-form';toggleAttr('aria-expanded','false','false'):'nav-toggle';addClass('display-none'):'burger-popup-menu';removeClass('active'):nav-toggle';addClass('display-none'):'writing-tools-mobile-list';removeClass('drop-down-move-down'):'burger-popup-menu';"><i class="header-splat__search-box--btn-icon-mobile" id="header-splat__icon-ui-24-search-toggle"></i></div></div><div class="columns small-2 medium-2 large-1 full-height align-right"><div class="header-splat__columns align-right"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/dashboard" rel="nofollow" aria-label="My Account"><div class="burger full-height vert-align-middle display-inline-block cursor-pointer position-relative"><div class="vert-center icon--account"></div></div></a></div></div></nav></div><div class="row small-12 columns padding-top-1"><nav class="margin-bottom-2"><ul class="unstyled nav-breadcrumbs"><li class="display-inline-block"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/" class="capitalize brand-primary">Home Page</a></li><li class="display-inline-block"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/" class="capitalize brand-primary">Research</a></li><li class="display-inline-block"><span class="ash-gray capitalize">The New York City Police Department Essay</span></li></ul></nav></div><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_top"></div><div class="row columns"></div><div class="row essay-preview-block"><div class="columns small-12 medium-8 large-8 no-padding"><div class="preview-header-row display-flex"><div class="columns small-5 medium-3 large-2 no-padding"><img src="//assets.bartleby.com/1.17/images/placeholders/essay_preview.png" width="100%" alt="preview"/></div><div class="columns small-7 medium-9 large-10 display-flex flex-flow-column"><h1 class="heading-s weight-700 no-margin ">The New York City Police Department Essay</h1><div class="grade-essay-card grade-better-essays"><span>Better Essays</span></div><ul class="weight-700 padding-left-1 share-block "><li><span class="text-s">1723 Words</span></li><li><span class="text-s">7 Pages</span></li></ul><div class="margin-top-auto"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button button--orange button--squarish text-m button--orange" id="ShowMoreButtonExtra" data-href="/writing/document/PKSWL95Y9C5Q" rel="nofollow">Open Document</a></div></div></div></div></div><div id="divPreviewBlock" class="row essay-preview-block "><div class="columns large-8 paper-container paper-container--with-sidebar position-relative border-box-shadow margin-4 padding-2"><div class=""><div class="position-relative margin-4 text-xl"><div id="essay-body-heading-details"></div><script>if (typeof doShowProdHdr === 'function') { document.getElementById("essay-body-heading-details").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("essay-preview-premium-ribbon").style.display="none"; };</script><div class="document__body white-space--break-spaces break-word"><span class="document__preview text-l source-serif "><p class='text-ellipsis-after'>In the 1990s, the growth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that their efforts to reduce crime were ineffective. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The <a href='/topics/new-york-city' style='color:#3174a3'>New York City</a> <a href='/topics/police' style='color:#3174a3'>Police</a> Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, and Frisk. This practice became known as Stop -and- Frisk (Bellin, 2014). Stop-and Frisk” was a method in which an officer stopped a pedestrian and asked them a question, and then frisked them for any weapon or contraband (Rengifo & Slocum, 2016). By the late 1990s, stop-and frisk became a common practice implemented by New York City Police Department (Bellin, 2014). The framework of Stop-and-Frisk started in 1968 in a case known as Terry v. Ohio. This was a landmark case that gave law enforcement the constitutional limitations by the United States Supreme Court to stop and search individuals in streets encounters for weapon or contraband (Rengifo & Slocum, 2016). In 1996, the Attorney General, Eliot Spitzer opened an investigation to assess the effectiveness of Stop-and-Frisk on the minority communities in New York City. The assessment involved looking at 175,000 stop-and-frisk forms from 1998 to 1999. During the assessment, a report indicated a disproportionate stop</p></span></div><div class="paper__gradient paper__gradient--bottom"></div><div class="center paper__cta"><a class="button text-m button--orange" id="ShowMoreButton" rel="nofollow" data-href="/writing/document/PKSWL95Y9C5Q">Get Access</a></div></div></div></div><div class="columns large-4 hide-for-medium-only hide-for-small-only"><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_sidebar"></div><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_sidebar_1"></div></div></div><div class="row essay-preview-block essay-related-block "><div class="columns large-12 padding-1 no-padding-large"><div class="columns large-12 paper--related-separator-new"><span class="paper--related-separator-word">Related</span></div><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_related"></div><section class=""><ul id="RelatedDocumentCenter" class="unstyled"><li id="related-essay1"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-best-essays"><div><span>Best Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Discuss-the-Impact-the-Stephen-Lawrence-Inquiry-PKER7FJTJ" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Discuss the Impact the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry Has Had on the Criminal Justice System</h2></a><ul><li>2081 Words</li><li>9 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Discuss-the-Impact-the-Stephen-Lawrence-Inquiry-PKER7FJTJ" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Discuss the Impact the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry Has Had on the Criminal Justice System</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Apart from periodically publishing stop and search records, supervisors and managers of police force are now required to closely monitor such statistics and take timely actions if something wrong is being observed. Also stricter rules on stop and search have since been imposed, along with the requirement of police officers writing a detailed report on spot about every single incident which subjects to review seems helpful in improving police conduct (Fyfe 1979; Skogan and Frydl 2004 in Miller 2010). While stop and search practice has been somehow improved, racial discrimination can still be seen in stop and search statistics. The notion of “Black and minority ethnic groups, particularly black people, have for many years been disproportionately at the receiving end of police stop and search—a fact associated with profound community resentment towards the police” (Bowling and Phillips 2002 in Miller 2010) still largely applies today. Miller’s (2010) analysis indicate that black people are about 6 times more likely to be stopped and searched, while it is about 2 times more likely for Asians. Similar idea is seen in Bennetto’s (2009) report, which draws on police statistics that shows in 2009 “black people are seven times more likely to be stopped and searched than white”, worse than Miller’s analysis with the most recent figures in 2008. No official explaination is provided by Police, but Bennetto (2009) assumes this may be caused by simply discrimination of</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>2081 Words</li><li>9 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-best-essays"><div><span>Best Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Discuss-the-Impact-the-Stephen-Lawrence-Inquiry-PKER7FJTJ">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay2"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-best-essays"><div><span>Best Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-and-Frisk-Policy-of-the-FKTBANZTJ" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop and Frisk Policy of the NYPD is Not Justifiable Essay examples</h2></a><ul><li>2281 Words</li><li>10 Pages</li><li>5 Works Cited</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-and-Frisk-Policy-of-the-FKTBANZTJ" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop and Frisk Policy of the NYPD is Not Justifiable Essay examples</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Although the original intent of the stop and frisk rule was to prevent crime, get guns off the streets, and increase public safety, the policy has turned into a racially bias program that stops innocent people and arrests those committing non-violent crimes by carrying marijuana. While the NYPD claims its stop and frisk policy is especially needed to get illegal guns off the street, just 0.15 out of each 100 stops over the last six years resulted in officers actually confiscating a firearm. That undeniably low figure is quite alarming when compared to the 40,000 New Yorkers who were arrested in 2008 for marijuana-related offenses, majority of them being black and Latino.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>2281 Words</li><li>10 Pages</li><li>5 Works Cited</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-best-essays"><div><span>Best Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/The-Stop-and-Frisk-Policy-of-the-FKTBANZTJ">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay3"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Stop-and-Frisk-Research-Paper-PKRYT6CTJ" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop-and-Frisk Research Paper</h2></a><ul><li>1050 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Stop-and-Frisk-Research-Paper-PKRYT6CTJ" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop-and-Frisk Research Paper</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Imagine innocently walking down the street in a city you’ve lived in your whole life, when all of a sudden you hear the dreaded “woop woop” and see those flashing red and blue lights. The police. They interrogate you, ask your whereabouts, and finally, they “frisk” you. Of course, they find nothing; they rarely do when they search people. Although it’s wrong and demoralizing, you know it’s something you’ll have to get used to as an African American living in New York City.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1050 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Stop-and-Frisk-Research-Paper-PKRYT6CTJ">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay4"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-and-Frisk-Policy-Analysis-FKCYMYGYVJ" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop and Frisk Policy Analysis Essay</h2></a><ul><li>1225 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li><li>5 Works Cited</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-and-Frisk-Policy-Analysis-FKCYMYGYVJ" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop and Frisk Policy Analysis Essay</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Eighty-seven percent of stops in 2012, were Black and Hispanic people. Compare that percentage to the amount of water on Earth, only seventy percent. Now, imagine eighty-seven percent water covering the Earth. That would make the world unbalanced and difficult to live in, which is how life is for the minorities impacted by Stop and Frisk. One of the most debated and controversial topics in New York City is the Stop and Frisk policy, and the impact it has on police, Latinos, and African Americans. Stop and Frisk fails to promote justice and equitable society because it creates a society where one group is lesser than another. The Stop and Frisk policy was created in Ohio, 1968, because of the a Supreme Court case, Terry v. Ohio (US Courts).</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1225 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li><li>5 Works Cited</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/The-Stop-and-Frisk-Policy-Analysis-FKCYMYGYVJ">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay5"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-Research-Paper-36CFA4A23B73391C" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop And Frisk Research Paper</h2></a><ul><li>1363 Words</li><li>6 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-Research-Paper-36CFA4A23B73391C" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop And Frisk Research Paper</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Stop and Frisk, originally originated from broken window policing which is to reduce crimes in neighborhoods, to restore order and reducing violent crimes within a persons community. The stop and frisk policy is actually part of the fourth amendment that requires a police officer to have a reasonable doubt that a crime is being, has being or is about to committed before even stopping a person or suspect for interrogations. If the police officer believes that the suspect is armed or suspicions or nervous about something related to a crime than they are allowed under the law to frisk the suspecting suspect. They do this by patting down a person from top to bottom on the outside of their clothing to feel if any weapon is being hidden upon the person.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1363 Words</li><li>6 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-Research-Paper-36CFA4A23B73391C">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay6"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-And-The-New-York-F3JMRL5Z9C5Q" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop And Frisk And The New York City Police Department Essay</h2></a><ul><li>1867 Words</li><li>8 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-And-The-New-York-F3JMRL5Z9C5Q" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop And Frisk And The New York City Police Department Essay</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">In the 1990s, the growth of violent crime reached its all-time high. In reply to the number of high murder rates in 1990, the New York City Police Department realized that whatever they are doing to reduce violent was not working. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some New Yorkers reported that they sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, and Frisk. This law became to know as the Stop -and- Frisk (Bellin, 2014). Stop-and Frisk” was a method that was implemented by the New York City Police Department in which an officer stops a pedestrian and asked them a question, and then frisks them for any weapon or contraband (Rengifo & Slocum, 2016). By the last 1990, Stop-and Frisk became a common practice implemented by New York City Police Department (Bellin, 2014).</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1867 Words</li><li>8 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-And-The-New-York-F3JMRL5Z9C5Q">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay7"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Frisk-Policy-Pros-And-Cons-FJ9QUNTR69V" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Frisk Policy Pros And Cons</h2></a><ul><li>1235 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Frisk-Policy-Pros-And-Cons-FJ9QUNTR69V" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Frisk Policy Pros And Cons</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">The stop, question, and frisk policy was implemented in the NYPD in an effort to make the city a safer place. With weapons becoming more easily accessible than ever, they are becoming more of a problem, and officers and the general public are now in more danger than ever of being killed by a firearm, knife, or a weapon. Although the policy is intended to prevent harm and protect society, it has been under major scrutiny in not only the past few years, but also the past few decades as well. Due to the fact that minorities are believed to be the main target of this policing tactic, many people have argued it is inherently corrupt should be abolished. On the other hand, it has shown to provide some positive outcomes and as a result, it is a necessary</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1235 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Frisk-Policy-Pros-And-Cons-FJ9QUNTR69V">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay8"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/The-Nypd-s-Stop-And-Frisk-P3XMEYE2LBWW" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Nypd 's Stop And Frisk</h2></a><ul><li>1557 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/The-Nypd-s-Stop-And-Frisk-P3XMEYE2LBWW" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Nypd 's Stop And Frisk</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">The NYPD’s stop-and-frisk practices raise serious concerns over racial profiling, illegal stops and privacy rights. The Department’s own reports on its stop and frisk activity confirm what many people in communities of color across the city have long known: The police are stopping hundreds of thousands of law abiding New Yorkers every year, and the vast majority are black and Latino. In 2011, New Yorkers were stopped by the police 685,724 times. 605,328 were totally innocent (88 percent). 350,743 were black (53 percent). 223,740</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1557 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/The-Nypd-s-Stop-And-Frisk-P3XMEYE2LBWW">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay9"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/The-Nypd-Frisk-Program-Noble-Cause-Corruption-PKD7J3WYLC5Q" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Nypd Frisk Program : Noble Cause Corruption Situation Essay</h2></a><ul><li>1629 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/The-Nypd-Frisk-Program-Noble-Cause-Corruption-PKD7J3WYLC5Q" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Nypd Frisk Program : Noble Cause Corruption Situation Essay</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">The policy of New York Police Department‘s (NYPD) stop question and frisk for some time been a highly controversial situation of policing under Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Commissioner Raymond Kelly administration. This administration praised the stop and frisk policy as a valuable resource to the City‘s successful mitigation in reducing violent crime. A resource to removing guns from the streets as well improving the quality of life for the communities that are most affected by those</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1629 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/The-Nypd-Frisk-Program-Noble-Cause-Corruption-PKD7J3WYLC5Q">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay10"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/The-Chicago-Police-Department-P3RDMDXY9CXW" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Chicago Police Department Essay</h2></a><ul><li>1654 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/The-Chicago-Police-Department-P3RDMDXY9CXW" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Chicago Police Department Essay</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Leading up to the establishment of the Chicago Police Department, the first rank of “constable” was created in 1830. Authorization of Chicago’s very own police force occurred on January 31, 1835. On August 15, 1835, the Chicago Police Department was born. The department’s mission reads, “The Chicago Police Department, as part of, and empowered by, the community, is committed to protect the lives, property, and rights of all people, to maintain order, and to enforce the law impartially. We will provide quality police service in partnership with other members of the community. To fulfill our mission, we will strive to attain the highest degree of ethical behavior and professional conduct at all times.” Orsemus Morrison was elected Chicago’s first constable; he was assisted by Constables Luther Nichols and John Shrigley. The three men served and protected a population of about 3,200. In the year 1837, the Municipal Court of Chicago was created. It had co-jurisdiction with the Cook County Court within corporate limits of the city of Chicago. Between the years 1838 and 1854, the Chicago P.D consisted of very few collection of officers, constables, and part-time night watchers to maintain the quickly-expanding city.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1654 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/The-Chicago-Police-Department-P3RDMDXY9CXW">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay11"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-And-Frisk-Policy-P3AKGPKTGXZW" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop And Frisk Policy</h2></a><ul><li>947 Words</li><li>4 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-And-Frisk-Policy-P3AKGPKTGXZW" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop And Frisk Policy</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">The stop and frisk policy came about many years ago. The stop and frisk is used for protection for the officer or officers. An officer can stop a suspect and frisk him/her for weapons, contraband or any other items if the officer feels any other suspicion. A Stop and Frisk do not require a warrant. This practice is very common now days, but similar procedures to stop and frisk policy started in the 1980s. According to Clark (2015), the earliest origins of stop and frisk were used in 1994 by Street Crime Unit to prevent the carrying of illegal guns in well-known hot spots and areas with high crime rates. The crime rates decreased over time, but it caused another issue in the communities.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>947 Words</li><li>4 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/The-Stop-And-Frisk-Policy-P3AKGPKTGXZW">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay12"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-And-Frisk-Policy-F33M34JP99X" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop And Frisk Policy</h2></a><ul><li>1776 Words</li><li>8 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/The-Stop-And-Frisk-Policy-F33M34JP99X" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">The Stop And Frisk Policy</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Stop and frisk was created and is still enforced by Minnesota, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Los Angeles metropolitan police departments. The Stop and Frisk policy gives officers the jurisdiction to stop and search any individual that may infer any suspicious characteristics. Each person can be questioned via the suspicion of carrying a concealed weapon, regards of their whereabouts, searched for illicit drugs, and other contraband that may harm community members. Moreover, "the officers must point out and specifically articulate what led them to conclude that criminal activity may be afoot" (Richardson 2011). Any citizen can be stopped for whatever reason an officer believes is “reasonably suspicious". What is reasonably suspicious is also determined by the court of law when a suspect is reprimanded and turned into their respective justice department. This policy was meant to enforce weapon and drug possession laws in the event that criminal activity is to be suspected. Contemporary statistics show that the stop and frisk policy is ineffective, targeting mostly people of color (POC).</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1776 Words</li><li>8 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/The-Stop-And-Frisk-Policy-F33M34JP99X">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay13"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/What-is-Stop-and-Frisk-F3SVAH5F24HQ" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">What is Stop and Frisk?</h2></a><ul><li>1300 Words</li><li>6 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/What-is-Stop-and-Frisk-F3SVAH5F24HQ" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">What is Stop and Frisk?</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">What is Stop and Frisk? The New York City stop-question-and-frisk program is a practice of the New York City Police Department by which police officers stop and question tens of thousands of pedestrians annually, and frisk them for weapons and other contraband (New York City Stop-question-frisk program). This program is said to keep weapons of the street but we are sure if their statements are accurate. Though the New York Police Department says this program helps keep weapons of the street, stop and frisk is unconstitutional because it does not help reduce crime and violets people of their rights.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1300 Words</li><li>6 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/What-is-Stop-and-Frisk-F3SVAH5F24HQ">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay14"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-Report-FCZUFQ9Y5V" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop And Frisk Report</h2></a><ul><li>1848 Words</li><li>8 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-Report-FCZUFQ9Y5V" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Stop And Frisk Report</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">In the 1990s, the growth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that whatever they are doing to reduce violent crime was not working. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, and Frisk. This practice became to known as Stop -and- Frisk (Bellin, 2014). Stop-and Frisk” was a method in which an officer stops a pedestrian and asked them a question, and then frisks them for any weapon</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1848 Words</li><li>8 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Stop-And-Frisk-Report-FCZUFQ9Y5V">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay15"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Dbq-Stop-And-Frisk-PJMZCJTZZ8T" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Dbq Stop And Frisk</h2></a><ul><li>365 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Dbq-Stop-And-Frisk-PJMZCJTZZ8T" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Dbq Stop And Frisk</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Stop and frisk affects the daily lives of minorities and the way that they can act around other people. In Document (B), it states “Some young men no longer clasp hands when greeting each other, they say, fearful that their grasp might mistaken for a drug deal.” Young men, especially black in eastern Brooklyn, are frightened to do certain things that they do on a normal basis</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>365 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Dbq-Stop-And-Frisk-PJMZCJTZZ8T">Read More</a></div></div></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="row columns"><section class="section no-padding padding-bottom-1 no-border--bottom gray-ultra-light--bg"><div class="container"><div class="row padding-top-1 margin-1"><div class="small-12 columns"><h3 class="heading-m black weight-500" id="show-related-topics-link">Related Topics</h3></div></div><div class="row" id="related-topics-container"><div class="columns large-10 columns-small-1 columns-medium-1 columns-large-2" id="popular-tags-visible"><ul><li class="tag-block__li--link margin-1"><a href="/topics/crime" title="Crime" class="brand-secondary brand-primary--hover">Crime</a></li><li class="tag-block__li--link margin-1"><a href="/topics/police" title="Police" class="brand-secondary brand-primary--hover">Police</a></li><li class="tag-block__li--link margin-1"><a href="/topics/new-york-city" title="New York City" class="brand-secondary brand-primary--hover">New York City</a></li></ul></div></div></div></section></div><script src="//assets.bartleby.com/1.17/js/scripts.1.17.123.min.js" type="text/javascript" async=""></script></div><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/content/access" rel="nofollow"></a><div class="button--extra_container show-for-small-only orange--bg"><a data-href="/writing/document/PKSWL95Y9C5Q" class="button--extra">Get Access</a></div><footer class="section section--footer"><div class="row"><div class="align-left small-12 show-for-small-only columns"><div class="copyright-block"><p class="copyright-block__logo"><span class="copyright-block__logo__span serif">Bartleby.com</span></p><div class="vertical-nav-list__item ">Great Books Online</div><small class="copyright-block__copyright text-s">©2024 Bartleby.com</small></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="align-left hide-for-small-only medium-4 large-2 large-offset-1 columns"><div class="copyright-block"><p class="copyright-block__logo"><span class="copyright-block__logo__span serif">Bartleby.com</span></p><div class="vertical-nav-list__item ">Great Books Online</div><small class="copyright-block__copyright text-s">©2024 Bartleby.com</small></div></div><div class="align-left small-6 medium-4 large-2 columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">About Us</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/privacy#caprivacy">CA Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/about-us/contact">Contact</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item cursor-pointer vertical-nav-list__item__anchor ot-sdk-show-settings"><a id="ot-sdk-btn" rel="nofollow">Cookie Settings</a></li></ul></div><div class="vertical-nav-list hide-for-large-up"><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Topics</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/verse/">Poetry</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/hc/">Harvard Classics</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/lives-of-the-saints/">Saints</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="align-left hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only large-2 columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Topics</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/verse/">Poetry</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/hc/">Harvard Classics</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/lives-of-the-saints/">Saints</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="align-left small-6 medium-4 large-2 columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Resources</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/authors/">Bartleby bookstore</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/quotations/">Quotations</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/the-holy-bible/">Bible</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/sv/the-top-150/">Top 150</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/">Essay Help</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/write/tool/essay-checker">Essay Checker</a></li></ul></div><div class="vertical-nav-list hide-for-large"><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Subjects</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">Anatomy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/cambridge/">Lit History</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/the-oxford-shakespeare/">Shakespeare</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="align-left hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only large-2 end columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Subjects</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">Anatomy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/cambridge/">Lit History</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/the-oxford-shakespeare/">Shakespeare</a></li></ul></div></div></div></footer><script type="text/javascript"> var documentCtaButtons = document.querySelectorAll(".button--extra_container.show-for-small-only a, a.document__middle, #ShowMoreButton, #ShowMoreButtonExtra, .paper-product-header__button, .icon--account"); for (let i = 0; i < documentCtaButtons.length; i++) { var btn = documentCtaButtons[i]; btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) { window.localStorage.setItem("splat.customerType", "essays"); }); if(btn.hasAttribute('data-href')) { btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) { window.location = btn.getAttribute('data-href'); }); } };</script> </div> </body> </html>