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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Wiki" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wiki" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Source_editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Source_editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Source editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Source_editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example_of_syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_of_syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Example of syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_of_syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Visual editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Version history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edit_summaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edit_summaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Edit summaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edit_summaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Navigation_between_wikis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigation_between_wikis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Navigation between wikis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigation_between_wikis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linking_to_and_naming_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linking_to_and_naming_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Linking to and naming pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linking_to_and_naming_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alternative definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Implementations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hosting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hosting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hosting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hosting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trust_and_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trust_and_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Trust and security</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trust_and_security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Trust and security subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Trust_and_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Access_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Access control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controlling_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controlling_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Controlling changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controlling_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trustworthiness_and_reliability_of_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trustworthiness_and_reliability_of_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Trustworthiness and reliability of content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trustworthiness_and_reliability_of_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Harmful_external_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harmful_external_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Harmful external links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harmful_external_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Communities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Communities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Communities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_wikis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_wikis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>City wikis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_wikis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Growth factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legal environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conferences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conferences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Conferences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conferences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wiki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 145 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">145 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Interwiki_redirect" title="Ашаблон:Interwiki redirect – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ашаблон:Interwiki redirect" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="ويكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vouiqui" title="Vouiqui – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vouiqui" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="ৱিকি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viki" title="Viki – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Viki" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="উইকি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вікі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вікі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Уики – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wici" title="Wici – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wici" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viki" title="Viki – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viki" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikio" title="Vikio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ویکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic%C3%AD" title="Vicí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vicí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4" title="위키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB" title="Վիքի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="विकि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%90%83%E1%91%AD" title="ᐅᐃᑭ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᐃᑭ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99" title="ויקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Уики – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уики" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AE" title="Wîkî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wîkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vici" title="Vici – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vici" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikivietne" title="Vikivietne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vikivietne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisvetain%C4%97" title="Vikisvetainė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisvetainė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vici" title="Vici – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vici" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/uitki" title="uitki – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="uitki" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="വിക്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="विकी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ვიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="ويكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE" title="ဝီကီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီကီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huiqui" title="Huiqui – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Huiqui" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="विकि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD" title="ウィキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouitchi" title="Ouitchi – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ouitchi" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="ويکي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Βικι – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Βικι" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вікі – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вікі" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="विकिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विकिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92" title="විකි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ویکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="விக்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="ဝီႇၶီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဝီႇၶီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="వికీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వికీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4" title="วิกิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вики – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вики" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viki" title="Viki – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вікі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ویکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viki" title="Viki – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Viki" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%AD%86" title="共筆 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="共筆" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99" title="וויקי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויקי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wiki" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Wiki" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Wiki"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiki" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wiki" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki&oldid=1258612922" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Wiki&id=1258612922&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWiki%23Editing"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWiki%23Editing"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wiki&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wiki" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Wiki2.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki_markup&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Wiki markup</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of website that visitors can edit</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the concept. For its use as a nickname, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wiki_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wiki (disambiguation)">Wiki (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Wiiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiiki">Wiiki</a> or <a href="/wiki/WIKY" class="mw-disambig" title="WIKY">WIKY</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikitext-wiki_markup-wikipedia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wikitext-wiki_markup-wikipedia.png/330px-Wikitext-wiki_markup-wikipedia.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wikitext-wiki_markup-wikipedia.png/495px-Wikitext-wiki_markup-wikipedia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wikitext-wiki_markup-wikipedia.png/660px-Wikitext-wiki_markup-wikipedia.png 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Editing display showing <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki_markup_language" class="mw-redirect" title="MediaWiki markup language">MediaWiki markup language</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>wiki</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/46\/En-us-wiki.ogg\/En-us-wiki.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-wiki.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-wiki.ogg/En-us-wiki.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-wiki.ogg" title="File:En-us-wiki.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">WI</span>-kee</i></a>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> publication on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> which is <a href="/wiki/Collaborative_editing" title="Collaborative editing">collaboratively edited</a> and managed by its audience directly through a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. A typical wiki contains multiple pages that can either be edited by the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its internal <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">knowledge base</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki_homepage_(oct_2024).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/MediaWiki_homepage_%28oct_2024%29.png/220px-MediaWiki_homepage_%28oct_2024%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/MediaWiki_homepage_%28oct_2024%29.png/330px-MediaWiki_homepage_%28oct_2024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/MediaWiki_homepage_%28oct_2024%29.png/440px-MediaWiki_homepage_%28oct_2024%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2697" data-file-height="1475" /></a><figcaption>A photo of the <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> homepage, a wiki software</figcaption></figure> <p>Wikis are powered by <a href="/wiki/Wiki_software" title="Wiki software">wiki software</a>, also known as wiki engines. Being a form of <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management system</a>, these differ from other <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web-based</a> systems such as <a href="/wiki/Blog_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Blog software">blog software</a> or <a href="/wiki/Static_site_generator" title="Static site generator">static site generators</a> in that the content is created without any defined owner or leader. Wikis have little inherent structure, allowing one to emerge according to the needs of the users.<sup id="cite_ref-Easy_Wiki_Hosting_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easy_Wiki_Hosting-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wiki engines usually allow content to be written using a <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_markup_language" title="Lightweight markup language">lightweight markup language</a> and sometimes edited with the help of a <a href="/wiki/Online_rich-text_editor" title="Online rich-text editor">rich-text editor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are dozens of different wiki engines in use, both standalone and part of other software, such as <a href="/wiki/Bug_tracking_system" title="Bug tracking system">bug tracking systems</a>. Some wiki engines are <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a>, whereas others are <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a>. Some permit control over different functions (levels of access); for example, editing rights may permit changing, adding, or removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control. Further rules may be imposed to organize content. In addition to hosting user-authored content, wikis allow those users to interact, hold discussions, and collaborate.<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are hundreds of thousands of <a href="/wiki/List_of_wikis" title="List of wikis">wikis in use</a>, both public and private, including wikis functioning as <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">knowledge management</a> resources, <a href="/wiki/Notetaking_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Notetaking software">note-taking</a> tools, <a href="/wiki/Web_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Web community">community websites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet">intranets</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ward_Cunningham" title="Ward Cunningham">Ward Cunningham</a>, the developer of the first wiki software, <a href="/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb">WikiWikiWeb</a>, originally described wiki as "the simplest online database that could possibly work".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wiki#Hawaiian" class="extiw" title="wikt:wiki">Wiki</a>" (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">[wiki]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a> word meaning "quick".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The online encyclopedia project <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> is the most popular wiki-based website, as well being <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_visited_websites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most visited websites">one of the internet's most popular websites</a>, having been ranked consistently as such since at least 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexa_Top_Sites_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexa_Top_Sites-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wikipedia is not a single wiki but rather a collection of hundreds of wikis, with each one pertaining to a specific language. The <a href="/wiki/English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English-language Wikipedia</a> has the largest collection of articles, standing at 6,914,952 as of November 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ward_Cunningham_-_Commons-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ward_Cunningham_-_Commons-1.jpg/200px-Ward_Cunningham_-_Commons-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ward_Cunningham_-_Commons-1.jpg/300px-Ward_Cunningham_-_Commons-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ward_Cunningham_-_Commons-1.jpg/400px-Ward_Cunningham_-_Commons-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3581" data-file-height="3835" /></a><figcaption>Ward Cunningham</figcaption></figure> <p>In their 2001 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wiki_Way" title="The Wiki Way">The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web</a></i>, Cunningham and co-author <a href="/wiki/Bo_Leuf" title="Bo Leuf">Bo Leuf</a> described the essence of the wiki concept:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"A wiki invites all users—not just experts—to edit any <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">page</a> or to create new pages within the wiki website, using only a standard <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_software" title="Vanilla software">'plain-vanilla'</a> Web browser without any extra <a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">add-ons</a>."</li> <li>"Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different pages by making page link creation intuitively easy and showing whether an intended target page exists or not."</li> <li>"A wiki is <i>not</i> a carefully crafted site created by experts and professional writers and designed for casual visitors. Instead, it seeks to involve the typical visitor/user in an ongoing process of creation and collaboration that constantly changes the website landscape."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editing">Editing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">"Wikitext" redirects here. For the Wikipedia help page, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Help:Wikitext</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Source_editing">Source editing</h4></div> <p>Some wikis will present users with an edit button or link directly on the page being viewed. This will open an <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">interface</a> for writing, formatting, and structuring page content. The interface may be a source editor, which is text-based and employs a lightweight markup language (also known as <i>wikitext</i>, <i>wiki markup</i>, or <i>wikicode</i>), or a <a href="#Visual_editing">visual editor</a>. For example, in a source editor, starting lines of text with <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisks</a> could create a <a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bulleted list</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntax</a> and features of wiki markup languages for denoting style and structure can vary greatly among <a href="/wiki/List_of_wiki_software" title="List of wiki software">implementations</a>. Some allow the use of <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Markup Language"><abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Hypertext Markup Language</span> and <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets"><abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cascading Style Sheets</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others prevent the use of these to foster uniformity in appearance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Example_of_syntax">Example of syntax</h4></div> <p>A short section of <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i> rendered in wiki markup: </p> <table class="wikitable noprint"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:33.3%;">Wiki markup </th> <th style="width:33.3%;">Equivalent in HTML </th> <th style="width:33.3%;">Output shown to readers </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>"Take some more <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">tea</span><span class="p">]]</span>," the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly. "I've had <span class="gs">'''nothing'''</span> yet," Alice replied in an offended tone, "so I can't take more." "You mean you can't take <span class="ge">''less''</span>," said the Hatter. "It's very easy to take <span class="ge">''more''</span> than nothing." </pre></div> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>"Take some more <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"/wiki/Tea"</span> <span class="na">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"Tea"</span><span class="p">></span>tea<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></span>," the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly. <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>"I've had <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">strong</span><span class="p">></span>nothing<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">strong</span><span class="p">></span> yet," Alice replied in an offended tone, "so I can't take more." <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>"You mean you can't take <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">em</span><span class="p">></span>less<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">em</span><span class="p">></span>," said the Hatter. "It's very easy to take <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">em</span><span class="p">></span>more<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">em</span><span class="p">></span> than nothing." </pre></div> </td> <td><br />"Take some more <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>," the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly. <p>"I've had <b>nothing</b> yet," Alice replied in an offended tone, "so I can't take more." </p><p>"You mean you can't take <i>less</i>," said the Hatter. "It's very easy to take <i>more</i> than nothing." </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="visual"></span><span class="anchor" id="wysiwyg"></span><span class="anchor" id="WYSIWYG"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Visual_editing">Visual editing</h4></div> <p>While wiki engines have traditionally offered source editing to users, in recent years some implementations have added a rich text editing mode. This is usually implemented, using <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, as an interface which translates formatting instructions chosen from a <a href="/wiki/Toolbar" title="Toolbar">toolbar</a> into the corresponding wiki markup or HTML. This is generated and submitted to the server <a href="/wiki/Transparency_(human%E2%80%93computer_interaction)" title="Transparency (human–computer interaction)">transparently</a>, shielding users from the technical detail of markup editing and making it easier for them to change the content of pages. An example of such an interface is the <a href="/wiki/VisualEditor" title="VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> in <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, the wiki engine used by Wikipedia. WYSIWYG editors may not provide all the features available in wiki markup, and some users prefer not to use them, so a source editor will often be available simultaneously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Version_history">Version history</h4></div> <p>Some wiki implementations keep a record of changes made to wiki pages, and may store every version of the page permanently. This allows authors to revert a page to an older version to rectify a mistake, or counteract a malicious or inappropriate edit to its content.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These stores are typically presented for each page in a list, called a "log" or "edit history", available from the page via a link in the interface. The list displays <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> for each revision to the page, such as the time and date of when it was stored, and the name of the person who created it, alongside a link to view that specific revision. A <a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a> (short for "difference") feature may be available, which highlights the changes between any two revisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Edit_summaries">Edit summaries</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">"Edit summary" redirects here. For the Wikipedia help page, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">Help:Edit summary</a>.</div> <p>The edit history view in many wiki implementations will include <i>edit summaries</i> written by users when submitting changes to a page. Similar to the function of a <a href="/wiki/Logging_(computing)" title="Logging (computing)">log message</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">revision control</a> system, an edit summary is a short piece of text which summarizes and perhaps explains the change, for example "Corrected grammar" or "Fixed table formatting to not extend past page width". It is not inserted into the article's main text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navigation">Navigation</h3></div> <p>Traditionally, wikis offer free navigation between their pages via <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> links in page text, rather than requiring users to follow a formal or structured navigation scheme. Users may also create <a href="/wiki/Index_(publishing)" title="Index (publishing)">indexes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Table_of_contents" title="Table of contents">table of contents</a> pages, hierarchical categorization via a <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy" title="Taxonomy">taxonomy</a>, or other forms of <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> content organization. Wiki implementations can provide one or more ways to categorize or <a href="/wiki/Tag_(metadata)" title="Tag (metadata)">tag</a> pages to support the maintenance of such index pages, such as a <a href="/wiki/Backlink" title="Backlink">backlink</a> feature which displays all pages that link to a given page. Adding categories or tags to a page makes it easier for other users to find it. </p><p>Most wikis allow the titles of pages to be searched amongst, and some offer <a href="/wiki/Full_text_search" class="mw-redirect" title="Full text search">full text search</a> of all stored content. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navigation_between_wikis">Navigation between wikis</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/220px--Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="108" data-mwtitle="Development_of_"Mathe_für_Nicht-Freaks"_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm/Development_of_%22Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks%22_from_Sep_2009_to_June_2016.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Visualization of the collaborative work in the German wiki project <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/de:Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks" class="extiw" title="b:de:Mathe für Nicht-Freaks">Mathe für Nicht-Freaks</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WikiNode" redirects here. For the app for the Apple iPad, see <a href="/wiki/WikiNodes" title="WikiNodes">WikiNodes</a>.</div> <p>Some wiki communities have established navigational networks between each other using a system called <i>WikiNodes</i>. A WikiNode is a page on a wiki which describes and links to other, related wikis. Some wikis operate a structure of <i>neighbors</i> and <i>delegates</i>, wherein a neighbor wiki is one which discusses similar content or is otherwise of interest, and a delegate wiki is one which has agreed to have certain content delegated to it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WikiNode networks act as <a href="/wiki/Webring" title="Webring">webrings</a> which may be navigated from one node to another to find a wiki which addresses a specific subject. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linking_to_and_naming_pages">Linking to and naming pages</h3></div> <p>The syntax used to create internal hyperlinks varies between wiki implementations. Beginning with the WikiWikiWeb in 1995, most wikis used <a href="/wiki/Camel_case" title="Camel case">camel case</a> to name pages,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is when words in a phrase are <a href="/wiki/Capital_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letter">capitalized</a> and the spaces between them removed. In this system, the phrase "camel case" would be rendered as "CamelCase". In early wiki engines, when a page was displayed, any instance of a camel case phrase would be transformed into a link to another page named with the same phrase. </p><p>While this system made it easy to link to pages, it had the downside of requiring pages to be named in a form deviating from standard spelling, and titles of a single word required abnormally capitalizing one of the letters (e.g. "WiKi" instead of "Wiki"). Some wiki implementations attempt to improve the display of camel case page titles and links by reinserting spaces and possibly also reverting to lower case, but this simplistic method is not able to correctly present titles of mixed capitalization. For example, "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>" as a page title would be written as "KingdomOfFrance", and displayed as "Kingdom Of France". </p><p>To avoid this problem, the syntax of wiki markup gained <i>free links</i>, wherein a term in natural language could be wrapped in special characters to turn it into a link without modifying it. The concept was given the name in its first implementation, in <a href="/wiki/UseModWiki" title="UseModWiki">UseModWiki</a> in February 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that implementation, link terms were wrapped in a double set of square brackets, for example <kbd>[[Kingdom of France]]</kbd>. This syntax was adopted by a number of later wiki engines. </p><p>It is typically possible for users of a wiki to create links to pages that do not yet exist, as a way to invite the creation of those pages. Such links are usually differentiated visually in some fashion, such as being colored red instead of the default blue, which was the case in the original WikiWikiWeb, or by appearing as a question mark next to the linked words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_wikis" title="History of wikis">History of wikis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiwiki2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wikiwiki2008.JPG/220px-Wikiwiki2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wikiwiki2008.JPG/330px-Wikiwiki2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wikiwiki2008.JPG/440px-Wikiwiki2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Wiki Wiki Shuttle at Honolulu International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb">WikiWikiWeb</a> was the first wiki.<sup id="cite_ref-ebersbach10_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebersbach10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ward Cunningham started developing it in 1994, and installed it on the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">Internet domain</a> <a href="/wiki/C2.com" class="mw-redirect" title="C2.com">c2.com</a> on March 25, 1995. Cunningham gave it the name after remembering a <a href="/wiki/Daniel_K._Inouye_International_Airport" title="Daniel K. Inouye International Airport">Honolulu International Airport</a> counter employee telling him to take the "<a href="/wiki/Wiki_Wiki_Shuttle" title="Wiki Wiki Shuttle">Wiki Wiki Shuttle</a>" bus that runs between the airport's terminals, later observing that "I chose wiki-wiki as an alliterative substitute for 'quick' and thereby avoided naming this stuff quick-web."<sup id="cite_ref-cunningham_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cunningham-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cunningham's system was inspired by his having used <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s hypertext software <a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a>, which allowed users to create interlinked "stacks" of virtual cards.<sup id="cite_ref-artima_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artima-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HyperCard, however, was single-user, and Cunningham was inspired to build upon the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a>, the inventor of hypertext, by allowing users to "comment on and change one another's text."<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hypercard_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hypercard-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cunningham says his goals were to link together people's experiences to create a new literature to document programming <a href="/wiki/Pattern_language" title="Pattern language">patterns</a>, and to harness people's natural desire to talk and tell stories with a technology that would feel comfortable to those not used to "authoring".<sup id="cite_ref-artima_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artima-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wikipedia became the most famous wiki site<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, launched in January 2001 and entering the top ten most popular websites in 2007. In the early 2000s, wikis were increasingly adopted in enterprise as collaborative software. Common uses included project communication, <a href="/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet">intranets</a>, and documentation, initially for technical users. Some <a href="/wiki/Corporate_wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate wiki">companies use wikis</a> as their collaborative software and as a replacement for static intranets, and some schools and universities use wikis to enhance <a href="/wiki/Group_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Group learning">group learning</a>. On March 15, 2007, the word <i>wiki</i> was listed in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_definitions">Alternative definitions</h2></div> <p>In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the word "wiki" was used to refer to both user-editable websites and the software that powers them, and the latter definition is still occasionally in use.<sup id="cite_ref-Easy_Wiki_Hosting_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easy_Wiki_Hosting-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2014, Ward Cunningham's thinking on the nature of wikis had evolved, leading him to write<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the word "wiki" should not be used to refer to a single website, but rather to a mass of user-editable pages or sites so that a single website is not "a wiki" but "an instance of wiki". In this concept of wiki federation, in which the same content can be hosted and edited in more than one location in a manner similar to <a href="/wiki/Distributed_version_control" title="Distributed version control">distributed version control</a>, the idea of a single discrete "wiki" no longer made sense.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_wiki_software" title="List of wiki software">List of wiki software</a></div> <p>The software which powers a wiki may be implemented as a series of <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripts</a> which operate an existing <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a>, a standalone <a href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">application server</a> that runs on one or more web servers, or in the case of <a href="/wiki/Personal_wiki" title="Personal wiki">personal wikis</a>, run as a standalone application on a single computer. Some wikis use <a href="/wiki/Flat_file_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat file database">flat file databases</a> to store page content, while others use a <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational database</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Augar_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Augar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <a href="/wiki/Database_index" title="Database index">indexed</a> database access is faster on large wikis, particularly for searching. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hosting">Hosting</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_wiki_hosting_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of wiki hosting services">Comparison of wiki hosting services</a></div> <p>Wikis can also be created on <a href="/wiki/Wiki_hosting_service" title="Wiki hosting service">wiki hosting services</a> (also known as <i>wiki farms</i>), where the <a href="/wiki/Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">server-side</a> software is implemented by the wiki farm owner, and may do so at no charge in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">advertisements</a> being displayed on the wiki's pages. Some hosting services offer private, password-protected wikis requiring <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authentication</a> to access. Free wiki farms generally contain advertising on every page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trust_and_security">Trust and security</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Access_control">Access control</h3></div> <p>The four basic types of users who participate in wikis are readers, authors, wiki administrators and system administrators. System administrators are responsible for the installation and maintenance of the wiki engine and the container web server. Wiki administrators maintain content and, through having elevated <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(computing)" title="Privilege (computing)">privileges</a>, are granted additional functions (including, for example, preventing edits to pages, deleting pages, changing users' access rights, or blocking them from editing).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controlling_changes">Controlling changes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">"Recent changes" redirects here. For the Wikipedia help page, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Help:Recent changes</a>. For the recent changes page itself, see <a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Special:RecentChanges</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:History_Comparison_Example_(Vector).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/History_Comparison_Example_%28Vector%29.png/220px-History_Comparison_Example_%28Vector%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/History_Comparison_Example_%28Vector%29.png/330px-History_Comparison_Example_%28Vector%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/History_Comparison_Example_%28Vector%29.png/440px-History_Comparison_Example_%28Vector%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>History comparison reports highlight the changes between two revisions of a page.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wikis are generally designed with a <i><a href="/wiki/Soft_security" title="Soft security">soft security</a></i> philosophy in which it is easy to correct mistakes or harmful changes, rather than attempting to prevent them from happening in the first place. This allows them to be very open while providing a means to verify the validity of recent additions to the body of pages. Most wikis offer a <i>recent changes</i> page which shows recent edits, or a list of edits made within a given time frame.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some wikis can filter the list to remove edits flagged by users as "minor" and <a href="/wiki/Internet_bot" title="Internet bot">automated</a> edits.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version history feature allows harmful changes to be reverted quickly and easily.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some wiki engines provide additional content control, allowing <a href="/wiki/Remote_monitoring_and_management" title="Remote monitoring and management">remote monitoring and management</a> of a page or set of pages to maintain quality. A person willing to maintain pages will be alerted of modifications to them, allowing them to verify the validity of new editions quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a feature is often called a <i>watchlist</i>. </p><p>Some wikis also implement <i>patrolled revisions</i>, in which editors with the requisite credentials can mark edits as being legitimate. A <i>flagged revisions</i> system can prevent edits from going live until they have been reviewed.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wikis may allow any person on the web to edit their content without having to register an account on the site first (<i>anonymous editing</i>), or require registration as a condition of participation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On implementations where an administrator is able to restrict editing of a page or group of pages to a specific group of users, they may have the option to prevent anonymous editing while allowing it for registered users.<sup id="cite_ref-Noveck_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noveck-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trustworthiness_and_reliability_of_content">Trustworthiness and reliability of content</h3></div> <p>Critics of publicly editable wikis argue that they could be easily tampered with by malicious individuals, or even by well-meaning but unskilled users who introduce errors into the content. Proponents maintain that these issues will be caught and rectified by a wiki's community of users.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ebersbach10_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebersbach10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High editorial standards in medicine and health sciences articles, in which users typically use peer-reviewed journals or university textbooks as sources, have led to the idea of expert-moderated wikis.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wiki implementations retaining and allowing access to specific versions of articles has been useful to the scientific community, by allowing expert <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer reviewers</a> to provide links to trusted version of articles which they have analyzed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Edit war" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Edit_conflict" title="Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a>.</span> <span class="selfreference noprint plainlinks">For Wikipedia's policy on edit warring, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Wikipedia:Edit warring</a>.</span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troll (Internet)">Trolling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cybervandalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybervandalism">cybervandalism</a> on wikis, where content is changed to something deliberately incorrect or a <a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">hoax</a>, offensive material or nonsense is added, or content is maliciously removed, can be a major problem. On larger wiki sites it is possible for such changes to go unnoticed for a long period. </p><p>In addition to using the approach of soft security for protecting themselves, larger wikis may employ sophisticated methods, such as bots that automatically identify and revert vandalism. For example, on Wikipedia, the bot <i>ClueBot NG</i> uses <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> to identify likely harmful changes, and reverts these changes within minutes or even seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Disagreements between users over the content or appearance of pages may cause <i>edit wars</i>, where competing users repetitively change a page back to a version that they favor. Some wiki software allows administrators to prevent pages from being editable until a decision has been made on what version of the page would be most appropriate.<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some wikis may be subject to external structures of governance which address the behavior of persons with access to the system, for example in academic contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-Augar_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Augar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Harmful_external_links">Harmful external links</h4></div> <p>As most wikis allow the creation of hyperlinks to other sites and services, the addition of malicious hyperlinks, such as sites infected with <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>, can also be a problem. For example, in 2006 a German Wikipedia article about the <a href="/wiki/Blaster_Worm" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaster Worm">Blaster Worm</a> was edited to include a hyperlink to a malicious website, and users of vulnerable Microsoft Windows systems who followed the link had their systems infected with the worm.<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some wiki engines offer a <a href="/wiki/Blacklist_(computing)" title="Blacklist (computing)">blacklist</a> feature which prevents users from adding hyperlinks to specific sites that have been placed on the list by the wiki's administrators. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communities">Communities</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applications">Applications</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EnglishWikipedia_27June2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/EnglishWikipedia_27June2024.png/220px-EnglishWikipedia_27June2024.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/EnglishWikipedia_27June2024.png/330px-EnglishWikipedia_27June2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/EnglishWikipedia_27June2024.png/440px-EnglishWikipedia_27June2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption>The home page of the English Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> <p>The English Wikipedia has the largest user base among wikis on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ranks in the top 10 among all Web sites in terms of traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other large wikis include the <a href="/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb">WikiWikiWeb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory_Alpha" title="Memory Alpha">Memory Alpha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a>, and previously <a href="/wiki/Susning.nu" title="Susning.nu">Susning.nu</a>, a Swedish-language knowledge base. <a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_wikis" title="List of medical wikis">Medical</a> and health-related wiki examples include <a href="/wiki/Ganfyd" title="Ganfyd">Ganfyd</a>, an online collaborative medical reference that is edited by medical professionals and invited non-medical experts.<sup id="cite_ref-BMC_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMC-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many wiki <a href="/wiki/Online_community" title="Online community">communities</a> are private, particularly within <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_software" title="Enterprise software">enterprises</a>. They are often used as internal documentation for in-house systems and applications. Some companies use wikis to allow customers to help produce software documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study of corporate wiki users found that they could be divided into "synthesizers" and "adders" of content. Synthesizers' frequency of contribution was affected more by their impact on other wiki users, while adders' contribution frequency was affected more by being able to accomplish their immediate work.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From a study of thousands of wiki deployments, Jonathan Grudin concluded careful stakeholder analysis and education are crucial to successful wiki deployment.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the Gartner Group, noting the increasing popularity of wikis, estimated that they would become mainstream collaboration tools in at least 50% of companies by 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2013)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> Wikis can be used for <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (July 2013)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> Wikis have also been used in the academic community for sharing and dissemination of information across institutional and international boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In those settings, they have been found useful for collaboration on <a href="/wiki/Grant_writing" title="Grant writing">grant writing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">strategic planning</a>, departmental documentation, and committee work.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-2000s, the increasing trend among industries toward collaboration placed a heavier impetus upon educators to make students proficient in collaborative work, inspiring even greater interest in wikis being used in the classroom.<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wikis have found some use within the legal profession and within the government. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Intellipedia" title="Intellipedia">Intellipedia</a>, designed to share and collect <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_assessment" title="Intelligence assessment">intelligence assessments</a>, <a href="/wiki/DKosopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="DKosopedia">DKosopedia</a>, which was used by the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> to assist with review of documents about the internment of detainees in <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay" title="Guantánamo Bay">Guantánamo Bay</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the wiki of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a>, used to post court rules and allow practitioners to comment and ask questions. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> operates <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-Patent" title="Peer-to-Patent">Peer-to-Patent</a>, a wiki to allow the public to collaborate on finding <a href="/wiki/Prior_art" title="Prior art">prior art</a> relevant to the examination of pending patent applications. <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, New York has used a wiki to allow citizens to collaborate on the design and planning of a local park. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Cornell Law School</a> founded a wiki-based legal dictionary called <a href="/wiki/Wex" title="Wex">Wex</a>, whose growth has been hampered by restrictions on who can edit.<sup id="cite_ref-Noveck_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noveck-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In academic contexts, wikis have also been used as project collaboration and research support systems.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_wikis">City wikis</h4></div> <p>A <i>city wiki</i> or <i>local wiki</i> is a wiki used as a <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">knowledge base</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social network</a> for a specific <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical</a> locale.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term city wiki is sometimes also used for wikis that cover not just a city, but a small town or an entire region. Such a wiki contains information about specific instances of things, ideas, people and places. Such highly localized information might be appropriate for a wiki targeted at local viewers, and could include: </p> <ul><li>Details of public establishments such as public houses, bars, accommodation or social centers</li> <li>Owner name, opening hours and statistics for a specific shop</li> <li>Statistical information about a specific road in a city</li> <li>Flavors of ice cream served at a local ice cream parlor</li> <li>A biography of a local mayor and other persons</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_factors">Growth factors</h3></div> <p>A study of several hundred wikis in 2008 showed that a relatively high number of administrators for a given content size is likely to reduce growth;<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> access controls restricting editing to registered users tends to reduce growth; a lack of such access controls tends to fuel new user registration; and that a higher ratio of administrators to regular users has no significant effect on content or population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_environment">Legal environment</h2></div> <p>Joint authorship of articles, in which different users participate in correcting, editing, and compiling the finished product, can also cause editors to become <a href="/wiki/Tenants_in_common" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenants in common">tenants in common</a> of the copyright, making it impossible to republish without permission of all co-owners, some of whose identities may be unknown due to pseudonymous or anonymous editing.<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some copyright issues can be alleviated through the use of an <a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">open content</a> license. Version 2 of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a> includes a specific provision for wiki relicensing, and <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> licenses are also popular. When no license is specified, an implied license to read and add content to a wiki may be deemed to exist on the grounds of business necessity and the inherent nature of a wiki. </p><p>Wikis and their users can be held liable for certain activities that occur on the wiki. If a wiki owner displays indifference and forgoes controls (such as banning copyright infringers) that they could have exercised to stop copyright infringement, they may be deemed to have authorized infringement, especially if the wiki is primarily used to infringe copyrights or obtains a direct financial benefit, such as advertising revenue, from infringing activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, wikis may benefit from <a href="/wiki/Section_230" title="Section 230">Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act</a>, which protects sites that engage in "<a href="/wiki/Good_Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a>" policing of harmful material, with no requirement on the quality or quantity of such self-policing.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been argued that a wiki's enforcement of certain rules, such as anti-bias, verifiability, reliable sourcing, and no-original-research policies, could pose legal risks.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a> occurs on a wiki, theoretically, all users of the wiki can be held liable, because any of them had the ability to remove or amend the defamatory material from the "publication". It remains to be seen whether wikis will be regarded as more akin to an <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service provider</a>, which is generally not held liable due to its lack of control over publications' contents, than a publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been recommended that trademark owners monitor what information is presented about their trademarks on wikis, since courts may use such content as evidence pertaining to public perceptions, and they can edit entries to rectify misinformation.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conferences">Conferences</h2></div> <p>Active conferences and meetings about wiki-related topics include: </p> <ul><li>Atlassian Summit, an annual conference for users of <a href="/wiki/Atlassian" title="Atlassian">Atlassian</a> software, including <a href="/wiki/Confluence_(software)" title="Confluence (software)">Confluence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>OpenSym (called WikiSym until 2014), an <a href="/wiki/Academic_conference" title="Academic conference">academic conference</a> dedicated to research about wikis and open collaboration.</li> <li>SMWCon, a bi-annual conference for users and developers of <a href="/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki" title="Semantic MediaWiki">Semantic MediaWiki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>TikiFest, a frequently held meeting for users and developers of <a href="/wiki/Tiki_Wiki_CMS_Groupware" title="Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware">Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimania" title="Wikimania">Wikimania</a>, an annual conference dedicated to the research and practice of <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> projects like Wikipedia.</li></ul> <p>Former wiki-related events include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RecentChangesCamp" title="RecentChangesCamp">RecentChangesCamp</a> (2006–2012), an <a href="/wiki/Unconference" title="Unconference">unconference</a> on wiki-related topics.</li> <li>RegioWikiCamp (2009–2013), a semi-annual unconference on "regiowikis", or wikis on cities and other geographic areas.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_wiki_software" title="Comparison of wiki software">Comparison of wiki software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">Content management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispersed_knowledge" title="Dispersed knowledge">Dispersed knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wikis" title="List of wikis">List of wikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_collaboration" title="Mass collaboration">Mass collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Edit_Button" title="Universal Edit Button">Universal Edit Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikis_and_education" title="Wikis and education">Wikis and education</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The realization of the Hawaiian <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> varies between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span>, and the realization of the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> phoneme varies between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span>, among other realizations. Thus, the pronunciation of the Hawaiian word <i>wiki</i> varies between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">['wiki]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">['witi]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">['viki]</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="haw-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">['viti]</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_phonology" title="Hawaiian phonology">Hawaiian phonology</a> for more details.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Easy_Wiki_Hosting-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Easy_Wiki_Hosting_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Easy_Wiki_Hosting_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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ACM. pp. 72–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2038558.2038571">10.1145/2038558.2038571</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-0909-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-0909-7"><bdi>978-1-4503-0909-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Design+and+implementation+of+the+Sweble+Wikitext+parser%3A+Unlocking+the+structured+data+of+Wikipedia&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+7th+International+Symposium+on+Wikis+and+Open+Collaboration&rft.pages=72-81&rft.pub=ACM&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2038558.2038571&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-0909-7&rft.aulast=Dohrn&rft.aufirst=Hannes&rft.au=Riehle%2C+Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1145%2F2038558.2038571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEbersbach2008">Ebersbach 2008</a>, p. 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810213702/https://wikinodes.wiki.taoriver.net/moin.fcg/FrequentlyAskedQuestions">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. 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Summit.atlassian.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613081406/https://summit.atlassian.com/">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlassian&rft.pub=Summit.atlassian.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsummit.atlassian.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/SMWCon">"SMWCon"</a>. Semantic-mediawiki.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183910/https://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/SMWCon">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SMWCon&rft.pub=Semantic-mediawiki.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsemantic-mediawiki.org%2Fwiki%2FSMWCon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tiki.org/TikiFest">"TikiFest"</a>. Tiki.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630070137/https://tiki.org/TikiFest">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TikiFest&rft.pub=Tiki.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftiki.org%2FTikiFest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813101324/https://wiki.regiowiki.eu/Main_Page">"Regiowiki Main Page"</a>. Wiki.regiowiki.eu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.regiowiki.eu/Main_Page">the original</a> on August 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regiowiki+Main+Page&rft.pub=Wiki.regiowiki.eu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.regiowiki.eu%2FMain_Page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbersbach2008" class="citation cs2">Ebersbach, Anja (2008), <i>Wiki: Web Collaboration</i>, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-35150-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-35150-4"><bdi>978-3-540-35150-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wiki%3A+Web+Collaboration&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-540-35150-4&rft.aulast=Ebersbach&rft.aufirst=Anja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMader2007" class="citation cs2">Mader, Stewart (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wikipatternsapra00made"><i>Wikipatterns</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-22362-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-22362-8"><bdi>978-0-470-22362-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wikipatterns&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-22362-8&rft.aulast=Mader&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwikipatternsapra00made&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapscott2008" class="citation cs2">Tapscott, Don (2008), <a href="/wiki/Mass_Collaboration" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass Collaboration"><i>Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything</i></a>, Portfolio Hardcover, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-193-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-193-7"><bdi>978-1-59184-193-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wikinomics%3A+How+Mass+Collaboration+Changes+Everything&rft.pub=Portfolio+Hardcover&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59184-193-7&rft.aulast=Tapscott&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiki" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Wiki</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wiki" class="extiw" title="wikt:wiki">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Wiki_software" class="extiw" title="c:category:Wiki software">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wiki" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Wiki">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wiki" class="extiw" title="v:Wiki">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171" class="extiw" title="d:Q171">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/27px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/41px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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.spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">16</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="936" data-mwtitle="En-Wiki2.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-Wiki2.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-Wiki2.ogg/En-Wiki2.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Wiki2.ogg" title="File:En-Wiki2.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 14 March 2007<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2007-03-14</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artima.com/articles/exploring-with-wiki"><i>Exploring with Wiki</i></a>, an interview with Ward Cunningham</li> <li>Murphy, Paula (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709101821/https://www.ucop.edu/tltc/news/2006/04/wiki.html">Topsy-turvy World of Wiki</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c2.com/doc/etymology.html">Ward Cunningham's correspondence with etymologists</a></li> <li><a href="https://wikiindex.org/Welcome" class="extiw" title="wikiindex:Welcome">WikiIndex</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikiapiary.com">WikiApiary</a>, directories of wikis</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimatrix.org/">WikiMatrix</a>, a website for comparing wiki software and hosts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/WikiTeam/wikiteam">wikiteam</a> on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_software" title="Wiki software">Software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fan_wikis" title="List of fan wikis">Fan wikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LocalWikis" title="List of LocalWikis">LocalWikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wikis" title="List of wikis">Wikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wiki_software" title="List of wiki software">Wiki software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">Wikipedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wiktionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Wiktionaries">Wiktionaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_wiki_software" title="Comparison of wiki software">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_wiki_hosting_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of wiki hosting services">Wiki farms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable wikis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographicon" title="Biographicon">Biographicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_Drum" title="Book Drum">Book Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalo_Chatu" title="Chalo Chatu">Chalo Chatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservapedia" title="Conservapedia">Conservapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DavisWiki" title="DavisWiki">DavisWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplopedia" title="Diplopedia">Diplopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Dramatica" title="Encyclopedia Dramatica">Encyclopedia Dramatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_and_Technology_History_Wiki" title="Engineering and Technology History Wiki">Engineering and Technology History Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_History_Research_Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Family History Research Wiki">Family History Research Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wiki" title="Gene Wiki">Gene Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo-Wiki" title="Geo-Wiki">Geo-Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">Giant Bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynopedia" title="Gynopedia">Gynopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hidden_Wiki" title="The Hidden Wiki">The Hidden Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellipedia" title="Intellipedia">Intellipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalWiki" title="LocalWiki">LocalWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moegirlpedia" title="Moegirlpedia">Moegirlpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuwiki" title="Namuwiki">Namuwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_protein_structure_annotation_network" title="Open protein structure annotation network">Open protein structure annotation network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiuwen_Baike" title="Qiuwen Baike">Qiuwen Baike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki" title="RationalWiki">RationalWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Manual" title="Resistance Manual">Resistance Manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda_Wiki" title="Rigveda Wiki">Rigveda Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruwiki_(Wikipedia_fork)" title="Ruwiki (Wikipedia fork)">Ruwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky-Map.org" title="Sky-Map.org">Sky-Map.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cutting_Room_Floor_(website)" title="The Cutting Room Floor (website)">The Cutting Room Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Tropes" title="TV Tropes">TV Tropes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncyclopedia" title="Uncyclopedia">Uncyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiArt" title="WikiArt">WikiArt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiFactor" title="WikiFactor">WikiFactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikifonia" title="Wikifonia">Wikifonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiHow" title="WikiHow">wikiHow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiloc" title="Wikiloc">Wikiloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimania" title="Wikimania">Wikimania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiProfessional" title="WikiProfessional">WikiProfessional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiprogress" title="Wikiprogress">Wikiprogress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikirating" title="Wikirating">Wikirating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiStage" title="WikiStage">WikiStage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikistrat" title="Wikistrat">Wikistrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiTribune" title="WikiTribune">WikiTribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wowpedia" title="Wowpedia">Wowpedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wiki_hosting_service" title="Wiki hosting service">Wiki farms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confluence_(software)" title="Confluence (software)">Confluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandom_(website)" title="Fandom (website)">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBworks" title="PBworks">PBworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetpaint" title="Wetpaint">Wetpaint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikis_and_education" title="Wikis and education">Wikis and education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wikis" title="History of wikis">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creole_(markup)" title="Creole (markup)">Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wiki" title=".wiki">.wiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wiki_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wiki_software" title="Template:Wiki software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wiki_software" title="Template talk:Wiki software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wiki_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wiki software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wiki_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wiki_software" title="Wiki software">Wiki software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FlexWiki" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexWiki">FlexWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confluence_(software)" title="Confluence (software)">Confluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jive_(software)" title="Jive (software)">Jive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traction_TeamPage" title="Traction TeamPage">Traction TeamPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XWiki" title="XWiki">XWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TiddlyWiki" title="TiddlyWiki">TiddlyWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki.js" title="Wiki.js">Wiki.js</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foswiki" title="Foswiki">Foswiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikiwiki" title="Ikiwiki">ikiwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWiki" title="TWiki">TWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UseModWiki" title="UseModWiki">UseModWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb">WikiBase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueSpice" title="BlueSpice">BlueSpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookStack" title="BookStack">BookStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DokuWiki" title="DokuWiki">DokuWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhpWiki" title="PhpWiki">PhpWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phriction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PmWiki" title="PmWiki">PmWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PukiWiki" title="PukiWiki">PukiWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki_Wiki_CMS_Groupware" title="Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware">Tiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Allura" title="Apache Allura">Allura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Bloodhound" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Bloodhound">Bloodhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallithea_(software)" title="Kallithea (software)">Kallithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuma_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuma (software)">Kuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoinMoin" title="MoinMoin">MoinMoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trac" title="Trac">Trac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zim_(software)" title="Zim (software)">Zim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gollum_(software)" title="Gollum (software)">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redmine" title="Redmine">Redmine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLiki" title="CLiki">CLiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Wiki" title="Federated Wiki">Federated Wiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoffeeScript" title="CoffeeScript">CoffeeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_wiki_software" title="Comparison of wiki software">Comparison</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_wiki_software" title="List of wiki software">List</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wiki_software" title="Category:Wiki software">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer-mediated_communication" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer-mediated_communication" title="Template:Computer-mediated communication"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer-mediated_communication" title="Template talk:Computer-mediated communication"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer-mediated_communication" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer-mediated communication"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computer-mediated_communication" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication" title="Computer-mediated communication">Computer-mediated communication</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">Online chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_discussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Online discussion">Online discussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_software" title="Communication software">Communication software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_software" title="Collaborative software">Collaborative software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Social network service">Social network service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_learning_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual learning environment">Virtual learning environment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Asynchronous conferencing">Asynchronous conferencing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mailing list">Electronic mailing list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">Internet forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textboard" title="Textboard">Textboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imageboard" title="Imageboard">Imageboard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">Bulletin board system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guestbook" title="Guestbook">Online guestbook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous conferencing">Synchronous conferencing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_conferencing" title="Data conferencing">Data conferencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_messenger" title="LAN messenger">LAN messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talker" title="Talker">Talker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">Videoconferencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">Voice over IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_chat_in_online_gaming" title="Voice chat in online gaming">Voice chat in online gaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Web chat">Web chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_conferencing" title="Web conferencing">Web conferencing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">Microblogging</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sharing_economy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sharing_economy" title="Template:Sharing economy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sharing_economy" title="Template talk:Sharing economy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sharing_economy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sharing economy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sharing_economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Social_peer-to-peer_processes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Social peer-to-peer processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_banking" title="Peer-to-peer banking">Peer-to-peer banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_carsharing" title="Peer-to-peer carsharing">Peer-to-peer carsharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_lending" title="Peer-to-peer lending">Peer-to-peer lending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Peer-to-peer ridesharing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrowing_center" title="Borrowing center">Borrowing center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-living" title="Co-living">Co-living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_crowdfunding_services" title="Comparison of crowdfunding services">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_sharing" title="Flight sharing">Flight sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_sharing" title="Garden sharing">Garden sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_economy" title="Gig economy">Gig economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gig_economy_companies" title="List of gig economy companies">List of companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_exchange" title="Home exchange">Home exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestay" title="Homestay">Homestay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_cooperative" title="Platform cooperative">Platform cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_economy" title="Platform economy">Platform economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_library" title="Tool library">Tool library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-sided_market" title="Two-sided market">Two-sided market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlaBlaCar" title="BlaBlaCar">BlaBlaCar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drivers_Cooperative" title="The Drivers Cooperative">Co-Op Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingly_(company)" title="Wingly (company)">Wingly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_service" title="Hospitality exchange service">Hospitality exchange services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CouchSurfing" title="CouchSurfing">CouchSurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachgeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachgeber">Dachgeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelpX" title="HelpX">HelpX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeExchange.com" title="HomeExchange.com">HomeExchange.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_Club" title="Hospitality Club">Hospitality Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasporta_Servo" title="Pasporta Servo">Pasporta Servo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servas_International" title="Servas International">Servas International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Showers" title="Warm Showers">Warm Showers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swap and renting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freecycle_Network" title="The Freecycle Network">The Freecycle Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetbank" title="Streetbank">Streetbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olio_(app)" title="Olio (app)">Olio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1175035/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4806885-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00004800">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14613334t">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14613334t">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="wiki"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph534677&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007290952005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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