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href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedija (sl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom-vir strani »Wikipedija«" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Propolis rootpage-Propolis skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pojdi na vsebino</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni meni" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Glavni meni</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni meni</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Obiščite glavno stran [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod"><span>Naučite se urejati</span></a></li><li id="n-Izbrani-članki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izbrani_%C4%8Dlanki"><span>Izbrani članki</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Naklju%C4%8Dno" title="Naložite naključno stran [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Naključna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe" title="Seznam zadnjih sprememb Wikipedije [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Zadnje spremembe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-obcestvo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-obcestvo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skupnost </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Vsebina" title="Kraj, kjer lahko prejmete pomoč"><span>Pomoč</span></a></li><li id="n-Pod-lipo" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Pod_lipo"><span>Pod lipo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Portal_skupnosti" title="O projektu, kaj lahko storite, kje lahko kaj najdete"><span>Portal skupnosti</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Stik_z_nami"><span>Stik z nami</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sl.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="prosta enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sl.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Iskanje" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Iskanje</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Iskanje v Wikipediji" aria-label="Iskanje v Wikipediji" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Iskanje"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Išči</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osebna orodja"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Propolis" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Propolis" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl"><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Propolis" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ustvari račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Propolis" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sestava_propolisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sestava_propolisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sestava propolisa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sestava_propolisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lastnosti_propolisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lastnosti_propolisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lastnosti propolisa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lastnosti_propolisa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Lastnosti propolisa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lastnosti_propolisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antioksidantne_lastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antioksidantne_lastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antioksidantne lastnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antioksidantne_lastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugi_načini_uporabe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugi_načini_uporabe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Drugi načini uporabe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugi_načini_uporabe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viri_in_opombe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viri_in_opombe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Viri in opombe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viri_in_opombe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Propolis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 58 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="عكبر – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عكبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Ҡорт елеме – baškirščina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡорт елеме" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Пропаліс – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пропаліс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Прополис – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прополис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – bosanščina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B2polis" title="Pròpolis – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pròpolis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Πρόπολη – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propoliso" title="Propoliso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Propoliso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prop%C3%B3leo" title="Propóleo – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Propóleo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruvaik" title="Taruvaik – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taruvaik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propoli" title="Propoli – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Propoli" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85" title="بره‌موم – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بره‌موم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3pole" title="Própole – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Própole" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1" title="פרופוליס – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרופוליס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolisz" title="Propolisz – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Propolisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Ակնամոմ – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ակնամոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BD%C3%BE%C3%A9tti" title="Býþétti – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Býþétti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propoli" title="Propoli – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Propoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="プロポリス – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロポリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Прополис – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Прополис" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="프로폴리스 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프로폴리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Прополис – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Прополис" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C4%8Di%C5%B3_pikis" title="Bičių pikis – litovščina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bičių pikis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Прополис – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Прополис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6" title="തേനീച്ച പശ – malajalamščina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തേനീച്ച പശ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prop%C3%B2lis" title="Propòlis – okcitanščina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Propòlis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Динджела – osetinščina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Динджела" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_pszczeli" title="Kit pszczeli – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kit pszczeli" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3polis" title="Própolis – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Própolis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Прополис – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прополис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolisi" title="Propolisi – albanščina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Propolisi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Прополис – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прополис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Прополис – tadžiščina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Прополис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="กาวชันผึ้ง – tajščina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาวชันผึ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Propolis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Прополіс – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прополіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asalari_yelimi" title="Asalari yelimi – uzbeščina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asalari yelimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keo_ong" title="Keo ong – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Keo ong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%83%B6" title="蜂胶 – wu-kitajščina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蜂胶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%83%B6" title="蜂胶 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蜂胶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%86%A0" title="蜂膠 – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蜂膠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184398#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Propolis" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogovor:Propolis&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani (stran ne obstaja) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenščina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Propolis"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Orodja</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Več možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dejanja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Propolis"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=history"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Splošno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:KajSePovezujeSem/Propolis" title="Seznam vseh strani, ki se povezujejo sem [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kaj se povezuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:RecentChangesLinked/Propolis" rel="nofollow" title="Zadnje spremembe na straneh, s katerimi se povezuje ta stran [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane spremembe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:PosebneStrani" title="Seznam vseh posebnih strani [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne strani</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&oldid=6078728" title="Trajna povezava na to redakcijo strani"><span>Trajna povezava</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=info" title="Več informacij o tej strani"><span>Podatki o strani</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Navedi&page=Propolis&id=6078728&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tem, kako navajati to stran"><span>Navedba članka</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPropolis"><span>Pridobi skrajšani URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPropolis"><span>Prenesi kodo QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tiskanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Propolis"><span>Ustvari e-knjigo</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Propolis&action=show-download-screen"><span>Prenesi kot PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&printable=yes" title="Različica te strani za tisk [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Različica za tisk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V drugih projektih </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Propolis" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedijina zbirka</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184398" title="Povezava na ustrezni predmet v podatkovni shrambi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Predmet v Wikipodatkih</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Propolis</b> ali <b>zadelavina</b> je smolast <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cebele" title="Čebele">čebelji</a> proizvod, ki so mu že v <a href="/wiki/Antika" title="Antika">antiki</a> namenjali posebno pozornost. Beseda propolis je grškega izvora in pomeni pred mestom oziroma obrambo mesta. Čebele ga uporabljajo za premaz notranjih sten <a href="/wiki/Panj" title="Panj">panja</a>, za zadelovanje notranjih razpok in špranj, za popravilo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sat (stran ne obstaja)">satja</a>, zato ga imenujemo tudi zadelavina. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sestava_propolisa">Sestava propolisa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Sestava propolisa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Sestava propolisa"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Propolis je sestavljen iz različnih rastlinskih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smola (stran ne obstaja)">smol</a>, ki jih čebele naberejo na popkih <a href="/wiki/Topol" class="mw-redirect" title="Topol">topola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breza" title="Breza">breze</a> in na drugih rastlinah. Nabranim smolam čebele dodajo še izloček iz <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDleza" title="Žleza">žlez</a> slinavk. Čebele dodajo smolam tudi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vosek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vosek (stran ne obstaja)">vosek</a>, da snov postane bolj lepljiva. Barva propolisa je od zelenorumene do temnorjave, odvisno od izvora in starosti. Pri višjih temperaturah je lepljiv, pri nizkih pa krhek ter se ob lomljenju drobi. Kemijska vsebnost propolisa: smole in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balzam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balzam (stran ne obstaja)">balzami</a> (55%), vosek (30%), <a href="/wiki/Eteri%C4%8Dna_olja" class="mw-redirect" title="Eterična olja">eterična olja</a> (10%), <a href="/wiki/Cvetni_prah" class="mw-redirect" title="Cvetni prah">cvetni prah</a> (5%). Z natančnimi fizikalno-kemijskimi metodami so v propolisu našli še 60 različnih snovi od katerih so najbolj značilni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavoni (stran ne obstaja)">flavoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flavonoidi" title="Flavonoidi">flavonoidi</a>, različne organske <a href="/wiki/Kislina" title="Kislina">kisline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldehidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldehidi">aldehidi in</a> druge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lastnosti_propolisa">Lastnosti propolisa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Lastnosti propolisa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Lastnosti propolisa"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Številna medicinska poročila o propolisu dokazujejo, da zavira razvoj <a href="/wiki/Bakterije" title="Bakterije">bakterij</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ali jih celo uničuje, pospešuje celjenje <a href="/wiki/Rana" title="Rana">ran</a> in pomaga pri zdravljenju <a href="/wiki/Vnetje" title="Vnetje">vnetij</a>. Pomembno je njegovo <a href="/wiki/Antibiotiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotiki">antibiotično</a> delovanje, saj ne učinkuje samo na bakterije ampak tudi na različne <a href="/wiki/Virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus">viruse</a>. Ugotovili so tudi, da učinkuje na nekatere vrste <a href="/wiki/Glivice" class="mw-redirect" title="Glivice">glivic</a>. Pogosto ga uporabljajo pri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revmati%C4%8Dna_obolenja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revmatična obolenja (stran ne obstaja)">revmatičnih obolenjih</a> in za krepitev <a href="/wiki/Imunski_sistem" title="Imunski sistem">imunskega sistema</a>. Deluje tudi kot <a href="/wiki/Antioksidanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioksidanti">antioksidant</a>, zaradi česar ga uporabljajo v prehrambni, kozmetični in farmacevtski industriji. Dokazano je, da propolis pri nekaterih težavah res pomaga. Predvsem ga uporabljamo pri zdravljenju <a href="/wiki/Slabokrvnost" title="Slabokrvnost">slabokrvnosti</a>, obolenj <a href="/wiki/Dihala" title="Dihala">dihal</a> in dihalnih poti, pri vnetju <a href="/wiki/Dlesni" title="Dlesni">dlesni</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ustna_votlina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustna votlina">ustne votline</a>, pri <a href="/wiki/Zobobol" title="Zobobol">zobobolu</a>. Pomaga pri vnetju <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDelod%C5%A1%C4%8Dna_sluznica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Želodščna sluznica (stran ne obstaja)">želodčne sluznice</a>, pri vnetju <a href="/wiki/Debelo_%C4%8Drevo" title="Debelo črevo">debelega črevesa</a>, pri različnih poškodbah in obolenjih <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža">kože</a>. </p><p>Propolis pobran iz panja ni takoj uporaben, potrebno ga je primerno obdelati s 60 do 70% <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkoholno</a> <a href="/wiki/Raztopina" title="Raztopina">raztopino</a>. Uporablja se v obliki raznih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazilo (stran ne obstaja)">mazil</a>, v obliki alkoholne ali alkoholno-etrne <a href="/wiki/Tinktura" title="Tinktura">tinkture</a>, pa tudi svečk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antioksidantne_lastnosti">Antioksidantne lastnosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi razdelek: Antioksidantne lastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=edit&section=3" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Antioksidantne lastnosti"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V japonski študiji<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so primerjali različne čebelje proizvode in sicer vodno in etanolno raztopino propolisa, vodno raztopino matičnega mlečka in etanolno raztopino cvetnega prahu. Nato so jih izpostavili reaktivnim kisikovim zvrstem (ROS), kot so <a href="/wiki/Vodikov_peroksid" title="Vodikov peroksid">vodikov peroksid</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), superoksidni anion (O2−) in hidroksilni radikal (•OH). Zatem so merili antioksidantne lastnosti vsakega proizvoda posebej. Izkazalo se je, da ima najmočnejše antioksidantne lastnosti propolis (in sicer vodna raztopina). Precej močen antioksidant je tudi cvetni prah, matični mleček pa nekoliko slabši. </p><p>Vendar pa je potrebno poudariti, da tu ni šlo za pravo klinično študijo, saj je bila izvedena na celičnih kulturah, tu pa so lahko rezultati precej različni, kot pri celem organizmu. </p><p>Presenetljivo je, da se je slabo odrezal matični mleček, ter tudi to, da je imela najboljše lastnosti vodna raztopina propolisa, saj se propolis izredno slabo topi v vodi, bistveno slabše kot v etanolu. Vseeno pa je bilo ponovno potrjeno to, kar že v številnih predhodnih študijah in sicer, da ima propolis zelo močne antioksidativne lastnosti, najmočnejše med vsemi čebeljimi proizvodi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drugi_načini_uporabe"><span id="Drugi_na.C4.8Dini_uporabe"></span>Drugi načini uporabe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi razdelek: Drugi načini uporabe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=edit&section=4" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Drugi načini uporabe"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Propolis vse pogosteje uporabljajo pri biološkem načinu pridelovanja hrane za uničevanje rastlinskih zajedavcev in <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDu%C5%BEelke" title="Žuželke">mrčesa</a>. Uporabljajo ga tudi kot mazilo, ki rane, nastale pri obrezovanju drevja, varuje pred glivicami. Poleg tega, da propolis zažigajo kot <a href="/wiki/Kadilo" title="Kadilo">kadilo</a>, ga uporabljajo razredčenega v vodi tudi kot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lak (stran ne obstaja)">lak</a> za zaščito <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">lesa</a> in za zaščito pred <a href="/wiki/Rja" class="mw-disambig" title="Rja">rjo</a> na <a href="/wiki/Kovina" title="Kovina">kovinah</a>. Izdelovalci <a href="/wiki/Godala" title="Godala">godal</a> še danes uporabljajo za svoja glasbila lak na osnovi propolisa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viri_in_opombe">Viri in opombe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi razdelek: Viri in opombe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propolis&action=edit&section=5" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Viri in opombe"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070815210824/http://www.paviasalesgroup.com/propolis-study.pdf">»Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue)«</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paviasalesgroup.com/propolis-study.pdf">prvotnega spletišča</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> dne 15. avgusta 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. januarja 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Antibacterial+properties+of+propolis+%28bee+glue%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paviasalesgroup.com%2Fpropolis-study.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3APropolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFNakajimaTsurumaShimazawaMishima2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Nakajima, Yoshimi; Tsuruma, Kazuhiro; Shimazawa, Masamitsu; Mishima, Satoshi; Hara, Hideaki (26. februar 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2664783/">»Comparison of bee products based on assays of antioxidant capacities«</a>. <i>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine</i>. Zv. 9. str. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6882-9-4">10.1186/1472-6882-9-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1472-6882">1472-6882</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2664783">2664783</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243635">19243635</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=BMC+Complementary+and+Alternative+Medicine&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+bee+products+based+on+assays+of+antioxidant+capacities&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2664783%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1472-6882&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19243635&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-6882-9-4&rft.aulast=Nakajima&rft.aufirst=Yoshimi&rft.au=Tsuruma%2C+Kazuhiro&rft.au=Shimazawa%2C+Masamitsu&rft.au=Mishima%2C+Satoshi&rft.au=Hara%2C+Hideaki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2664783%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3APropolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Normativna_kontrola" title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola">Normativna kontrola: Narodne knjižnice</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184398#identifiers" title="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih"><img alt="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940219n">Francija</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940219n">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4047488-4">Nemčija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007541098905171">Izrael</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85107536">ZDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124649&CON_LNG=ENG">Češka republika</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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