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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australian_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Australian Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>British Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Canadian Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czechoslovakia_and_the_Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czechoslovakia_and_the_Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czechoslovakia_and_the_Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Greek Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Indian Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>New Zealand Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistani_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistani_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Pakistani Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistani_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish_Merchant_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish_Merchant_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Polish Merchant Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish_Merchant_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swiss_Merchant_Marine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swiss_Merchant_Marine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Swiss Merchant Marine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swiss_Merchant_Marine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Merchant_Marine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Merchant_Marine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>U.S. Merchant Marine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Merchant_Marine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Merchant navy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="التجارة البحرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التجارة البحرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trgova%C4%8Dka_mornarica" title="Trgovačka mornarica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trgovačka mornarica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_mercant" title="Marina mercant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marina mercant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handelsfl%C3%A5den" title="Handelsflåden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Handelsflåden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handelsmarine" title="Handelsmarine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Handelsmarine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Εμπορικός στόλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμπορικός στόλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_mercante" title="Marina mercante – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marina mercante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komerca_%C5%9Diparo" title="Komerca ŝiparo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komerca ŝiparo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkataritzako_ontzidi" title="Merkataritzako ontzidi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Merkataritzako ontzidi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ناوگان بازرگانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناوگان بازرگانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_marchande" title="Marine marchande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marine marchande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keapfardij" title="Keapfardij – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Keapfardij" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%B1a_mercante" title="Mariña mercante – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mariña mercante" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%84%A0_%ED%95%B4%EB%B3%91" title="상선 해병 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상선 해병" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trgova%C4%8Dka_mornarica" title="Trgovačka mornarica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trgovačka mornarica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_mercantile" title="Marina mercantile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marina mercantile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8" title="צי סוחר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צי סוחר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirdzniec%C4%ABbas_flote" title="Tirdzniecības flote – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tirdzniecības flote" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekybos_laivynas" title="Prekybos laivynas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prekybos laivynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koopvaardij" title="Koopvaardij – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koopvaardij" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E8%88%B9%E9%9A%8A" title="商船隊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="商船隊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handelsfl%C3%A5te" title="Handelsflåte – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Handelsflåte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handelsfl%C3%A5te" title="Handelsflåte – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Handelsflåte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marynarka_handlowa" title="Marynarka handlowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marynarka handlowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinha_mercante" title="Marinha mercante – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marinha mercante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_marine" title="Merchant marine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Merchant marine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trgova%C4%8Dka_mornarica" title="Trgovačka mornarica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trgovačka mornarica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofferdi" title="Kofferdi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kofferdi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q865132#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_Navy&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Navy">Merchant Navy</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a>.</span> <span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_(horse)" title="Merchant Navy (horse)">Merchant Navy (horse)</a>.</span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INF3-127_War_Effort_Under_the_Red_Duster_they_sustain_our_Island_Fortress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/INF3-127_War_Effort_Under_the_Red_Duster_they_sustain_our_Island_Fortress.jpg/220px-INF3-127_War_Effort_Under_the_Red_Duster_they_sustain_our_Island_Fortress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/INF3-127_War_Effort_Under_the_Red_Duster_they_sustain_our_Island_Fortress.jpg/330px-INF3-127_War_Effort_Under_the_Red_Duster_they_sustain_our_Island_Fortress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/INF3-127_War_Effort_Under_the_Red_Duster_they_sustain_our_Island_Fortress.jpg/440px-INF3-127_War_Effort_Under_the_Red_Duster_they_sustain_our_Island_Fortress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3239" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_propaganda_during_World_War_II" title="British propaganda during World War II">British propaganda during World War II</a> highlighted the role of <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_(United_Kingdom)" title="Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)">Britain's Merchant Navy</a> in sustaining the Allied war effort.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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solid;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist law-sidebar"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nautical_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nautical_icon.svg/80px-Nautical_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nautical_icon.svg/120px-Nautical_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nautical_icon.svg/160px-Nautical_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a></li> <li><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Digest_(Roman_law)#Contents" title="Digest (Roman law)">Digesta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordinamenta_et_consuetudo_maris" title="Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris">Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalfian_Laws" title="Amalfian Laws">Amalfian Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Features</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">Shipping</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_rate" title="Freight rate">Freight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Merchant marine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Cargo ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">Passenger ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_mortgage" title="Ship mortgage">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_registration" title="Ship registration">Registration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_insurance" title="Marine insurance">Marine insurance</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_God" title="Act of God">Act of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_insurance" title="Shipping insurance">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_collision" title="Ship collision">Collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_average" title="General average">General average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaworthiness_(law)" title="Seaworthiness (law)">Seaworthiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">Total loss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_security" title="Maritime security">Maritime security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">Letter of marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_drug_trafficking_in_Latin_America" title="Maritime drug trafficking in Latin America">Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">Smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_(law)" title="Prize (law)">Wartime prizes</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charterparty" title="Charterparty">Charterparty</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affreightment" title="Affreightment">Affreightment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_agency" title="Law of agency">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barratry_(admiralty_law)" title="Barratry (admiralty law)">Barratry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_lading" title="Bill of lading">Bill of lading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbroking" title="Shipbroking">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartering_(shipping)" title="Chartering (shipping)">Chartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consignment" title="Consignment">Consignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demurrage" title="Demurrage">Demurrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_majeure" title="Force majeure">Force majeure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invoice" title="Invoice">Invoice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_invoice" title="Commercial invoice">Commercial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_forma" title="Pro forma">Pro forma</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laytime" title="Laytime">Laytime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lien" title="Lien">Lien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_lien" title="Maritime lien">Maritime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_(transportation)" title="Manifest (transportation)">Manifest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receipt" title="Receipt">Packing list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_delivery" title="Proof of delivery">Proof of delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_salvage" title="Marine salvage">Salvage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_salvage" title="Law of salvage">Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractual_term" title="Contractual term">Terms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incoterms" title="Incoterms">International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waybill" title="Waybill">Waybill</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Parties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_agency" title="Shipping agency">Agent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factor_(agent)" title="Factor (agent)">Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_forwarder" title="Freight forwarder">Freight forwarder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">Captain (Master)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_captain_goes_down_with_the_ship" title="The captain goes down with the ship">The captain goes down with the ship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carrier" title="Common carrier">Carrier</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chartering_(shipping)" title="Chartering (shipping)">Charterer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_company" title="Freight company">Freight company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_management" title="Ship management">Manager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consignee" title="Consignee">Consignee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consignor" title="Consignor">Consignor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_(commercial_law)" title="Principal (commercial law)">Principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship-owner" title="Ship-owner">Owner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaman_status_in_United_States_admiralty_law" title="Seaman status in United States admiralty law">Seaman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">Mutiny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevedore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedore">Stevedore</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Judiciaries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiralty_court" title="Vice admiralty court">Vice admiralty court</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> International conventions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hague-Visby_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague-Visby Rules">Hague-Visby Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Rules" title="Hamburg Rules">Hamburg Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Rules" title="Rotterdam Rules">Rotterdam Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Labour_Convention" title="Maritime Labour Convention">Maritime Labour Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_Salvage" title="International Convention on Salvage">International Convention on Salvage</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on <br /> the Law of the Sea <span style="font-size:85%;">(UNCLOS)</span></a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_piracy_law" title="International piracy law">International piracy law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAS_Convention" title="SOLAS Convention">SOLAS Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARPOL_73/78" title="MARPOL 73/78">MARPOL Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballast_Water_Management_Convention" title="Ballast Water Management Convention">Ballast Water Management Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Control_of_Harmful_Anti-fouling_Systems_on_Ships" title="International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships">Anti-fouling Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_Load_Lines" title="International Convention on Load Lines">International Convention on Load Lines</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea" title="International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea">International Regulations for<br /> Preventing Collisions at Sea</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_Maritime_Search_and_Rescue" title="International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue">SAR Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Convention" title="Athens Convention">Athens Convention</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> International organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Maritime_International" title="Comité Maritime International">Comité Maritime International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Maritime_Arbitrators_Association" title="London Maritime Arbitrators Association">London Maritime Arbitrators Association</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Admiralty_law" title="Template:Admiralty law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Admiralty_law" title="Template talk:Admiralty law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Admiralty_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Admiralty law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>merchant navy</b> or <b>merchant marine</b> is the fleet of <a href="/wiki/Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchant vessels</a> that are <a href="/wiki/Ship_registration" title="Ship registration">registered in a specific country</a>. On merchant vessels, <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">seafarers</a> of various <a href="/wiki/Seafarer%27s_professions_and_ranks" title="Seafarer's professions and ranks">ranks</a> and sometimes members of <a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_trade_unions" title="Category:Maritime trade unions">maritime trade unions</a> are required by the <a href="/wiki/STCW_Convention" title="STCW Convention">International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to carry <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Mariner%27s_Document" title="Merchant Mariner's Document">Merchant Mariner's Documents</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a> bestowed the title of the "Merchant Navy" on the British merchant shipping fleets following their service in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; since then a number of other nations have also adopted use of that title or the similar "Merchant Marine". In most jurisdictions, the concept can be equated with a road haulage company. Ships are the equivalent of the truck, and the crew the equivalent of the truck driver, tasked with ensuring the safe and timely delivery of the cargo. The ship owner may be responsible for one vessel or a major fleet. </p><p>The following is a partial list of the merchant navies or merchant marines of various countries. In many countries the fleet's <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper name</a> is simply the capitalized version of the common noun ("Merchant Navy"). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_Merchant_Navy">Australian Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Australian Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the First World War, the government requisitioned Australian merchant vessels for use as transport ships, <a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">hospital ships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo ships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During World War II, they were commissioned for use as hospital ships, <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary vessel">supply ships</a> and armed merchant cruisers,<sup id="cite_ref-Australian_War_Memorial_2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australian_War_Memorial_2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular in the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">Pacific campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abcmn_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcmn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anzac_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anzac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2008, 3 September has been officially commemorated as <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Navy Day">Merchant Navy Day</a>, on the same day as the pre-existing Australian National Flag Day,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcmn_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcmn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which allows the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Red_Ensign" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Red Ensign">Australian Red Ensign</a> to be flown on land for the occasion as a matter of protocol,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an official recognition of the merchant navy's contribution in wartime.<sup id="cite_ref-abcmn_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcmn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anzac_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anzac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Merchant_Navy_Memorial" title="Australian Merchant Navy Memorial">Australian Merchant Navy Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, the national capital city of Australia, is a memorial honouring the Australian Merchant Navy's involvement in both world wars.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Merchant_Navy">British Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_(United_Kingdom)" title="Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)">Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warsash_Deck_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Warsash_Deck_2011.jpg/220px-Warsash_Deck_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Warsash_Deck_2011.jpg/330px-Warsash_Deck_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Warsash_Deck_2011.jpg/440px-Warsash_Deck_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A recent example of British Merchant Navy officers, graduating at their 'passing out' ceremony from <a href="/wiki/Warsash_Maritime_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsash Maritime Academy">Warsash Maritime Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, with former First Sea Lord <a href="/wiki/Alan_West,_Baron_West_of_Spithead" title="Alan West, Baron West of Spithead">Alan West, Baron West of Spithead</a>, in 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>The British Merchant Navy comprises the British merchant ships that transport cargo and people during times of peace and war. </p><p>For much of its history, the merchant navy was the largest merchant fleet in the world, but with the decline of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in the mid-20th century it slipped down the rankings. In 1939, the merchant navy was the largest in the world with 33% of total tonnage.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2012, the merchant navy held only 3% of total tonnage.<sup id="cite_ref-Shipping_Fleet:_2012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shipping_Fleet:_2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the year ending 2012, British Merchant Marine interests consists of 1,504 ships of 100 GT or over. This includes ships either UK directly owned, parent owned or managed by a British company. This amounts to: 59,413,000 <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">GT</a> or alternatively 75,265,000 <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">DWT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shipping_Fleet:_2012_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shipping_Fleet:_2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is according to the annual <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">maritime</a> shipping statistics provided by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a>. British shipping is represented nationally and globally by the <a href="/wiki/UK_Chamber_of_Shipping" title="UK Chamber of Shipping">UK Chamber of Shipping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_Merchant_Navy">Canadian Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canadian Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Merchant_Navy" title="Canadian Merchant Navy">Canadian Merchant Navy</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, like several other Commonwealth nations, created its own merchant navy in a large-scale effort in World War II. Established in 1939, the Canadian Merchant Navy played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a> bolstering the Allies' merchant fleet due to high losses in the British Merchant Navy. </p><p>Eventually thousands of Canadians served in the merchant navy aboard hundreds of Canadian merchant ships, notably the "<a href="/wiki/Park_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Ship">Park Ship</a>", the Canadian equivalent of the American "<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Ship">Liberty Ship</a>". A school at <a href="/wiki/St._Margarets_Bay,_Nova_Scotia" title="St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia">St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia</a>, trained Canadian merchant mariners. "Manning pools", merchant navy barracks, were built in Canadian ports. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czechoslovakia_and_the_Czech_Republic">Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Ocean_Shipping" title="Czechoslovak Ocean Shipping">Czechoslovak Ocean Shipping</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_Merchant_Navy">Greek Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Greek Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greek_Merchant_Marine" title="Greek Merchant Marine">Greek Merchant Marine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_tanker_ship.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_tanker_ship.png/220px-Greek_tanker_ship.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_tanker_ship.png/330px-Greek_tanker_ship.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_tanker_ship.png/440px-Greek_tanker_ship.png 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greek_Merchant_Marine" title="Greek Merchant Marine">Greece</a> controls 23.2% of the world's total <a href="/wiki/Merchant_fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant fleet">merchant fleet</a>, making it the largest in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Greek maritime fleet is today engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant vessel">merchant vessels</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> civilians, flying either the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greece" title="Flag of Greece">Greek flag</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_convenience" title="Flag of convenience">flag of convenience</a>. </p><p>Greece is a maritime nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and a key element of Greek economic activity since ancient times. In 2015, the Greek Merchant Marine controlled the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Merchant_fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant fleet">merchant fleet</a> in terms of <a href="/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage">tonnage</a> with a total <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">DWT</a> of 334,649,089 tons and a fleet of 5,226 Greek owned vessels, according to <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_List" title="Lloyd's List">Lloyd's List</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greece is also ranked highly regarding all types of ships, including first for <a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">tankers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulk_carrier" title="Bulk carrier">bulk carriers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Merchant_Navy">Indian Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Indian Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birth of the modern Indian Merchant Navy occurred before independence from the United Kingdom, when in 1919 <i>SS Loyalty</i> sailed from India to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, India ranks 15th in the world in terms of total <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">DWT</a>. India currently supplies around 12.8% of officers and around 14.5% of ratings to the world seafaring community. This is one of the highest of any country.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India has many merchant shipping companies. Some of the prominent shipping companies in India are <a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Shipping" title="Great Eastern Shipping">Great Eastern Shipping</a>, Tolani Shipping, SCI now a private company, and Seven Islands Shipping which is an ownership company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy">New Zealand Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New Zealand Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_NZ826.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/The_New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_NZ826.jpg/220px-The_New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_NZ826.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/The_New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_NZ826.jpg/330px-The_New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_NZ826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/The_New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_NZ826.jpg/440px-The_New_Zealand_Merchant_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_NZ826.jpg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of a New Zealand Merchant Navy captain of a Fairmile 'submarine chaser', as he holds up and looks through a small coloured screen. This disc allows him to look into the sky to search for dive bombers without damaging his eyes.</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 1939, 3,000 seafarers were employed and 186 merchant vessels were on the New Zealand Registry (many larger New Zealand vessels were however registered in London for insurance purposes). Some foreign vessels were impressed, including the four-masted barque, <i><a href="/wiki/Pamir_(ship)" title="Pamir (ship)">Pamir</a></i>. </p><p>New Zealand, like several other Commonwealth nations, created a merchant navy. However, the "wartime Merchant Navy was neither a military force nor a single coherent body", instead it was "a diverse collection of private companies and ships".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although some ships were involved in the Atlantic and North Pacific trade, mostly this involved domestic and South Pacific cargos. New Zealand-owned ships were involved in trade with the United Kingdom (84% of all New Zealand exports in 1939)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the majority of New Zealand seamen had served with the British Merchant Navy. </p><p>Over the course of the war, 64 ships were sunk by enemy action on the New Zealand–UK route,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 140 merchant seafarers died (a similar number were also taken prisoner).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistani_Merchant_Navy">Pakistani Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pakistani Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Merchant Navy">Pakistan Merchant Navy</a></div> <p>The Pakistan Merchant Navy was formed in 1947. The Ministry of Railways and Communication (Port and Shipping Wing), Mercantile Marine Department and Shipping Office established by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a>. Who were authorized to flag the ships and also ensured that the vessels were sea worthy. All of the private shipping companies merged and formed the National Shipping Corporation (NSC) and the Pakistan Shipping Corporation (PSC) and as a result they had a common flag. Among these companies were the <a href="/wiki/Muhammadi_Steamship_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited">Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_%26_West_Steamship_Company" title="East & West Steamship Company">East & West Steamship Company</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pak_war_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pak war of 1971">Indo-Pak war of 1971</a> Pakistan suffered a great loss, and most of Pakistani vessels were left in Bangladesh, because of having <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> speaking crew on them. On 1 January 1974, President of Pakistan <a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ali_Bhutto" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto">Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto</a> nationalized the National Shipping Corporation and Pakistan Shipping Corporation, and formed the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Shipping_Corporation" title="Pakistan National Shipping Corporation">Pakistan National Shipping Corporation</a> (PNSC) with the intent of reestablishing the Pakistan Merchant Navy. Later, the company was incorporated under the provisions of the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation Ordinance of 1979 and the Companies Ordinance of 1984. </p><p>Today, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Shipping_Corporation" title="Pakistan National Shipping Corporation">Pakistan National Shipping Corporation</a> is the national flag carrier. The corporation's head office is located in Karachi. A regional office based in Lahore caters for upcountry shipping requirements. The corporation also has an extensive overseas network of agents looking after its worldwide shipping business. The Pakistan National Shipping Corporation also has several subsidiary companies.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish_Merchant_Navy">Polish Merchant Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Polish Merchant Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Polish_Merchant_Navy" title="Polish Merchant Navy">Polish Merchant Navy</a></div> <p>The Polish Merchant Navy (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Polska Marynarka Handlowa</i>, PMH) was created in the <a href="/wiki/Interwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar">interwar</a> period when the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> regained independence. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, many ships of the Polish Navy joined the Allied merchant navy and its convoys as part of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_contribution_to_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish contribution to World War II">Polish contribution to World War II</a>. </p><p>After the war, the Polish Merchant Navy was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">People's Republic of Poland</a> and, after 1989, by modern Poland. As of 1999<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the PMH controlled 57 ships (of 1,000 GT or over) totaling 1,120,165 <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">gross tonnage</a> (GT)/1,799,569 tonnes <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">deadweight</a> (DWT) including 50 <a href="/wiki/Bulk_carrier" title="Bulk carrier">bulk carriers</a>, two <a href="/wiki/General_cargo_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="General cargo ship">general cargo ships</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Chemical_tanker" title="Chemical tanker">chemical tankers</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Roll-on/roll-off ship">roll-on/roll-off ship</a> and two short-sea <a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">passenger ships</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swiss_Merchant_Marine">Swiss Merchant Marine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Swiss Merchant Marine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Marine_of_Switzerland" title="Merchant Marine of Switzerland">Merchant Marine of Switzerland</a></div> <p>Switzerland, despite being a <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked</a> country, has a civilian high seas fleet of merchant vessels, whose home port is <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. The first ships were purchased and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Council">government</a> in order to ensure the supply of critical resources during World War II. After the war, a privately owned merchant fleet emerged, spurred in part by government subsidies that paid for the fleet's operation up until 1953. As of 2006, 26 ships (mostly <a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">container</a> carriers) totalling 479,624 tons, operated by five shipping companies, flew the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss flag">Swiss flag</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Merchant_Marine">U.S. Merchant Marine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: U.S. Merchant Marine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usmm-seal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Merchant Marine"><img alt="Seal of the US Merchant Marine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Usmm-seal.png/100px-Usmm-seal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Usmm-seal.png/150px-Usmm-seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Usmm-seal.png/200px-Usmm-seal.png 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>Seal of the US Merchant Marine</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">United States Merchant Marine</a></div> <p>The United States Merchant Marine is made up of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Civilian-owned_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian-owned enterprise">civilian-owner</a> merchant ships and government owned ships (<a href="/wiki/Military_Sealift_Command" title="Military Sealift Command">Military Sealift Command</a>, <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a>), and the men and women who crew them. The merchant marine transports cargo and passengers during peacetime. In time of war, the merchant marine<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an auxiliary to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">navy</a> and can be called upon to deliver <a href="/wiki/Troop_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Troop ship">troops</a> and supplies for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">military</a>. </p><p>The people of the merchant marine are called "merchant mariners", and are civilians except in times of war, when, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Marine_Act_of_1936" title="Merchant Marine Act of 1936">Merchant Marine Act of 1936</a>, they are considered military personnel. As of 2009, the U.S. merchant fleet numbered 422 ships<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and approximately 69,000 people. </p><p>Not included in these numbers are the over 700 ships which are owned by American interests but are registered, or <a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag" title="Maritime flag">flagged</a>, in other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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title="Seafarer's professions and ranks">Seafarer's professions and ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship transport">Ship transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_United_States_Merchant_Navy" title="World War II United States Merchant Navy">World War II United States Merchant Navy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.atitle=First+World+War+Merchant+Navy&rft.date=2021-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fresearch%2Fguide%2Fww1-merchant-navy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australian_War_Memorial_2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Australian_War_Memorial_2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/research/guide/ww2-merchant-navy">"Researching Australian military service: Second World War, Merchant Navy"</a>. <i>Australian War Memorial</i>. 9 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222032937/https://www.awm.gov.au/research/guide/ww2-merchant-navy">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Service+marks+merchant+navy+contribution&rft.date=2008-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2008-09-03%2Fservice-marks-merchant-navy-contribution%2F498080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anzac-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anzac_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anzac_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/commemoration/commemoration-days/merchant-navy-day">"Merchant Navy Day 3 September"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Veterans%27_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)">Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)</a></i>. Anzac Portal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222032935/https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/commemoration/commemoration-days/merchant-navy-day">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Veterans%27+Affairs+%28Australia%29&rft.atitle=Merchant+Navy+Day+3+September&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanzacportal.dva.gov.au%2Fcommemoration%2Fcommemoration-days%2Fmerchant-navy-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Commonwealth of Australia Gazette</i> S 321, 28 August 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Commonwealth of Australia Gazette</i> No. GN 26, 2 July 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Maitland, <i>The story of Australia's flags: Our flags, standards, guidons, colours, banners, battle honours, and ensigns</i>, Playbill Printworks, 2015, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Maritime_Executive2019" class="citation web cs1">The Maritime Executive (2 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/australia-remembers-merchant-navy-sacrifices">"Australia Remembers Merchant Navy Sacrifices"</a>. <i>The Maritime Executive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222032933/https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/australia-remembers-merchant-navy-sacrifices">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Maritime+Executive&rft.atitle=Australia+Remembers+Merchant+Navy+Sacrifices&rft.date=2019-09-02&rft.au=The+Maritime+Executive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritime-executive.com%2Farticle%2Faustralia-remembers-merchant-navy-sacrifices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221145118/http://nationalcapital.gov.au/downloads/education_and_understanding/factsheets/21KingsParkMemorials.pdf">"Kings Park Memorials"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Capital Authority. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/downloads/education_and_understanding/factsheets/21KingsParkMemorials.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kings+Park+Memorials&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=National+Capital+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalcapital.gov.au%2Fdownloads%2Feducation_and_understanding%2Ffactsheets%2F21KingsParkMemorials.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a6652091.shtml">"Fact File : Merchant Navy"</a>. <i>bbc.co.uk/history/</i>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828100123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a6652091.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2F&rft.atitle=Fact+File+%3A+Merchant+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fww2peopleswar%2Ftimeline%2Ffactfiles%2Fnonflash%2Fa6652091.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shipping_Fleet:_2012-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shipping_Fleet:_2012_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shipping_Fleet:_2012_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/243906/shipping-fleet-statistics-2012.pdf">"Shipping Fleet: 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.uk/</i>. HM Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052225/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/243906/shipping-fleet-statistics-2012.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk%2F&rft.atitle=Shipping+Fleet%3A+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F243906%2Fshipping-fleet-statistics-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukchamberofshipping.com/about-us/our-mission/">"UK Chamber of Shipping - About"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112145848/https://www.ukchamberofshipping.com/about-us/our-mission/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Chamber+of+Shipping+-+About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukchamberofshipping.com%2Fabout-us%2Four-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/news/top100/?pg=1">"Lloyd's List Top 100 Most Influential People in the Shipping Industry. Edition 6, page 61"</a>. Lloyd's List. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223162609/http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/news/top100/?pg=1">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lloyd%27s+List+Top+100+Most+Influential+People+in+the+Shipping+Industry.+Edition+6%2C+page+61&rft.pub=Lloyd%27s+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lloydslist.com%2Fll%2Fnews%2Ftop100%2F%3Fpg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/Company/Background/Company-Profile/Scindia-Steam-Navigation-Co.-Ltd/501887">"Scindia Steam Navigation Co. Ltd Share/Stock Price Live Today (INR 8.2), NSE/BSE, Buy OR Sell, News & Tips - Indiainfoline"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308154705/http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/Company/Background/Company-Profile/Scindia-Steam-Navigation-Co.-Ltd/501887">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scindia+Steam+Navigation+Co.+Ltd+Share%2FStock+Price+Live+Today+%28INR+8.2%29%2C+NSE%2FBSE%2C+Buy+OR+Sell%2C+News+%26+Tips+-+Indiainfoline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiainfoline.com%2FMarkets%2FCompany%2FBackground%2FCompany-Profile%2FScindia-Steam-Navigation-Co.-Ltd%2F501887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.imo.org/KnowledgeCenetre/ShipsAndShippingFactsAndFigures/TheRoleanjjhhhdImportanceofInternationalShipping/Documents/International%20Shipping%20-%20Facts%20and%20Figures.pdf">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/the-merchant-navy/the-longest-lifeline">"The longest lifeline - The Merchant Navy | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"</a>. <i>nzhistory.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812083237/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/the-merchant-navy/the-longest-lifeline">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=The+longest+lifeline+-+The+Merchant+Navy+%7C+NZHistory%2C+New+Zealand+history+online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fwar%2Fthe-merchant-navy%2Fthe-longest-lifeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neil Atkinson, Ed, 'Hell or High Water, New Zealand Merchant Seafarers Remember the War' Harper Collins, Auckland, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/the-merchant-navy">"The Merchant Navy in the Second World War - The Merchant Navy | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"</a>. <i>nzhistory.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812083258/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/the-merchant-navy">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=The+Merchant+Navy+in+the+Second+World+War+-+The+Merchant+Navy+%7C+NZHistory%2C+New+Zealand+history+online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fwar%2Fthe-merchant-navy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profile-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-profile_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417020644/http://www.pnsc.com.pk/profile.html">"Company Profile"</a>. Pakistan National Shipping Corporation. 17 March 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnsc.com.pk/profile.html">the original</a> on 17 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Company+Profile&rft.pub=Pakistan+National+Shipping+Corporation&rft.date=2009-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnsc.com.pk%2Fprofile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerchant+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most English-speaking countries call their fleet the "<a href="/wiki/British_Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Merchant Navy">merchant navy</a>". Terms similar to <i>merchant marine</i> are used in, for example, the French <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Marchande" class="extiw" title="fr:Marine Marchande">Marine Marchande</a></i> and the Spanish <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_mercante" class="extiw" title="es:Marina mercante">Marina Mercante</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ships of 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">gross tonnage</a> (GT) tons or over. Fleet statistics from the 2009 <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merchant_navy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" 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