CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136262cbf4c5620',cH: 'no_uWb5H4T7jIUXid03lS.KMJJHw1yOrqhXAfmeOIc0-1739799205-1.2.1.1-JF_vCGBA9wGY1V6BV_IeLr800HlAGeUAfQ2sIY5lwCl3833xTgoNYXkbMhkwje1w',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Paul%20O%27Brien&__cf_chl_tk=.3TDlm9B7J4TrWwp0WLmkttwkZvBLR6vxQHXw53dsjo-1739799205-1.0.1.1-7kyqw77ROHllYjGXqVJxCUJVGUZ.BBmsXEi57TsO9BU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739799205',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Paul%20O%27Brien&__cf_chl_f_tk=.3TDlm9B7J4TrWwp0WLmkttwkZvBLR6vxQHXw53dsjo-1739799205-1.0.1.1-7kyqw77ROHllYjGXqVJxCUJVGUZ.BBmsXEi57TsO9BU",md: "yT4vFbikovVk9toj1VlJeLKiVbcfqqEyHxb1NTqCv.E-1739799205-1.2.1.1-DuW3Lv1WbIydunFI5OWh7qzozlsaK_tgwqK0ttFkdOZE0tuWTH9FMhAKycNEaC8SG3dI0yIX5pbswPI7LBK5dkqPxqe9_NU3gg1fSMZp3GeYAq9Lwy1kLpRcWe4glcHSHeUxo.bDoJv4eIrC1.cmm5uVTblJcBtbubCgiXlnKPA93aswn84BZ8EGGP_xzzD8Tjqln5RIMwWyK7KwJCzGS1TW45Ge7bCRkg5lIydP12QHW4DhDmTip0dytKbVMsFcXjjNkq7.DuPArHBKmjAjxfY7qTzj1ZIy8pKdkR2ELs5l8KmQzcAuOnbkAJBkaaRSrCvxSexTsE3n_bulFTWf7pGeY.QdcSBTBP0iGGb63FeA4pmxA8LWplndJszT69vIEYTlzBApCVJVo7xziADWhet1L8P8GZvQlu1AvxDFKTg.cnnsVpP0aPKAf53LJkFhqdNdToW.Ncz_FTNfcr6DraHTDk3yWMCnlf12wJ2nifVGUFPsG_7l9BdiGto3hQVqBB3T1s8JyArTfN25jGkIewZHbihenXRYj4g02S_ETSXn9EXUSft634XzfHuRjZiJgWjidocgRTo021oMFgDWHi9MqY_daUPI6ml6rmUvXzmGlJxLCnS_F0ltGa76FCJr6jXt2Sxe5RUzmT53F50SxIlOqYF2kKIjmEjX7PfO6_E6f_8XeBlC_sJn_G52CFVbJIsZNg7uEoU.7pX5g1QDbt3iMzl_xydCbscTsCz.cIzHfQK.Ie2kRlkvEVx9P7PNXDl_uhSLzq8JQD5vzsjji8PjIa.FtQhy_7eQq3MvZoWMTU8D8esEUTaDRAFOLyl8ZmhQXvxoTwLsnuGca42kYHktrNxW.LWrFlLXJwPaAxSeWbJO.SNHn9HUc6izyRL6aU6jqGb.y5By1_Wwp7hLmbam_M1M2f7jz1eNZsW7ZWLND0cYGTGcIiP5SiWyas6nyFT6VFcqki1prjqBCIRVVLF9CjSIBtQDK.HT8DF8LWypc9z2tRypBz_2.cpsAWpAPKZVjGWh2ej6GEMM6oNSgSv.P7skDcQbN34zisgEYZ96fLPtwrqSFxiciKPckSNsnalHba066S9ZLdpA4Xt9tziaTGunE9bALXYVQ36WzQHtCLsM3FLXz4aXAYqS_uczUZ4THQfryhyFHYSLbm721cInUV0avlSYMIVrD28qSou.3q.VVJCiPMdo8gLWbseNo023JdPQKAjf6MygIHZSjAy5zYAo8hjMynm6byivSaur0V5mwxAOqOFA.HiAZWfdkb0ygaxvSQatHuvz9NGeIccFlB.6lbEXsrjIU6_138l4AHddxzFS3CmVJD3SHqmJMG4YBximm8K6QbX8SXCIeWcmBnjLMKznPt.OsWPqVzuEHWcXMrgrWy8UOtoC4ZDUiDrbw9bPe_cTQNY9EXyrVDNPRxj2qEw34UZZWj3Qqt98Fy8d9Cn.b7sa1T3fWz1xCyTQIrBIcVIN1ofQQkuzDDW9hC380ivmIoI2oavqUJTUimS1AcHeMxOWYgEAmfj3HBJrEBM1Zpl0Gecdc0kuFr9yfdZTe4G9d5X4cftmlpFt0sR5yngyTTgsyDThEnVgVj5Q45DvSr_6MLZePBj4H1DxV7G1UpGs_ArN9qnrUAEtxeQ2CLh7JVbY0wgloamOjlH4kd3YMg.INlZJAiwQ0ffPz3iAogfZL4YhsdaHEfeHvSp2a9mR_33OxDsQGfHbYMEla3X87ax9orrODgwwdgA4IykmfqvMldo_.IPU9zxHy8igUCSnJ6wPnQl4g5AFEC9.SC4ukzOBTLlxkyRJs6GOPinnANc5Qfk5Zer4Uh6BZ3QmrxDSeBrlXi9RTI8.nWttThFYUy5RTVIWPRilwpk0AGepcMSjx7eASssOYv6ahbl3f9O4i9VdCpPNvJwy0vl6h.dIQYPaJ81PE0lviDlKiw11lwClMFguMDY_tE8",mdrd: "zL_RwdfFaZImeCBo6uarCj8FEWFfz.Fhu.VlOP77R0E-1739799205-1.2.1.1-CRG81khDmADARWTfUqHjh3eauRe0P6btrZUtSlWO6BWC.8VpRhWZYOUM2sYzy3v3CpHmSJ1DnmQ9Vyv8irNASbRJ.vWNppNf9yLBAZPf6TPJMWK.QmFyYbcrzjye3B05UlIZcDvMztW1rWa1lSY8bymhanBXKKYQ_4f7dPrd4A3x1Q5I7a136bh61N_Jvsj702W7MkekdrDabnOa.y8lDizp0LA9pNrpuCqFs5zwQGKlRr0M2tpJ1x37yHCRkkhj3RcVliM4SRXChnux2tzoCb6IfYAs1D1S7iIBk2GrRGiTBP41Cat5_KIy0C29daEEhKXUK5TfezKGeCKJIRlirXVtkOxMmfWF1vgnV9Hwx86EFnDiwsLx2VAQ_8qV1ULFY9SBfX8OeAYjH9t_2cx04iBDYhptWOvwDHufi1GP8VxI2g3A1GfnCs7bhwu4FmvyLJqhmR2AL6A9HKXBHKvXY88Bw9_2RbImOWWJu2pN5NQF_CR7ngb5Ku5ZpprEFqedYS70lqwOSa3LuhJOGjf5Ejl8351A4muHIWCm8jZ5qnM3TtI3htZjBvAk.esyr1OvDzoxwHFL1O9_ilLgvFH56VIiTR5su6X5WR58v9.vTidVbA1ZpMmF6DCfn0u_PnH.N8KsTKVAo6QoUqkIezN27Gy5X0B7IbG5H5rgkiyu.e3c19YOJ3o.NQOeek1cxHnDvaAvjeZ_JtYSM2g2gMQYsyOnc9k6_IdQznijvIIPjS8so1wMmJFVxkc.LbdHumkuj0bCXsT9TUBLEV2an5qm6Cs.3fVKGwzUnqlc7_X0BDC_b5VWrErWAOMhj6UEII1Hpi2TZge50uvH1eFmFAGCMBQ6_p8ZMNUw2JwARyQQ3p8MwQ9m5Gvo_On7ZnB.RLHLLN6qEkBtejJ4bUe5yQLlSW353YQ5bhcpfUca_GgRDOH2KT2qoUFDuSk5eEERbJj2FSQxkZJHWagbN5SzZ.wLy.VXMJ6vLOJX2ToVX94JczAf9QBjIHv1ejiUxLz1OmU3T1zmIqzM_RlIzqCzJdiKxMcfGAcv8ovpQuiMmsObhaqvAMxZThG7uxx9gtAhl.bHA46wvsqa6GzNapxgACOO8FhcDlweD8JeQH8X.k7c8rdNG_V8vxcYSCjShcIbZM.o8p7H.WAPxoOGWFhnJJ8KztW9OuEq9_eC0R4uvJPmIBJQOGxMY95xbeKIAUEi5QOHQzmpHHw6E2tSTuPIBxojg4JyzpNEBIL.fpbSJb_oUqCNOfeNMZeSXeuYK6Bv.yM75fW7tvb0ZwQ5Sgxt7qQoc8PpX4RpoL_NvbwFIyAZs.6hSvdZDfh_0qLNUcvtVWsnZENYX.ZkfG8Z_3hs75SiZ4kuW6n77lcKYrFrCj7GMyFVf4DhBsi0QhwvLkZWMuGZYxrIPsgSA_tHkfC3qyxucgTkaRirl7vJTL.YrmxVkxFcWi7IdyocMZ3xANGLSaelw3Lzp7MZnSDlc3uh.q2S3zwMANruVHT2tmWnDd2eK5FHR39my_on7ChneLG_Cjg2XfkBowQI5uIiz5DvQ0fIPLuUha.FgQoNTyQwEb5qmvTPJfVSMrnzO8sB.DWV4C6CNJTA2K6o28ODh0LIp1qUTISS5HElZcgR0TbnPdn1Ejf1J0jE1n74b.6eKkbxajlLMLI0FAONqdxU1qPL0C7FFfsNY4AStPhhQUDVnOGXhC.vNctZyGL1WlyEhW942tnL3OnqPhdvETZYu0aY2IvCCzIeCm0vaSOB3m6p08gJv4t_qNmaW_Airb_xX3kGjC.aHSTOjuxouzhdRR23RY5AlIKMIRvwTdFBpl9UbCpC1s10K.N2RH_XLIRA1eGRZjSjoS_isUiKW2PxmC.JjiNHhJFtnOPcPGpkBZ5VMKHQFzcGiVB3RVywGCYvnB7_qCAVQ65rbPiwxb.z77Fl4TPcGvf1a1WDTn_Pzt40XI_mO5nfL4qMDYohgqvtmt8PG0hQkX_rlTgNo2dK1al_QKvMSg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136262cbf4c5620';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Paul%20O%27Brien&__cf_chl_rt_tk=.3TDlm9B7J4TrWwp0WLmkttwkZvBLR6vxQHXw53dsjo-1739799205-1.0.1.1-7kyqw77ROHllYjGXqVJxCUJVGUZ.BBmsXEi57TsO9BU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>